Allergenic products for a child 1 year old. Common food allergens: a list of foods that are dangerous for patients with hypersensitivity of the body and increase the risk of adverse reactions. What is a food allergy and what is it like?

Many grandmothers and mothers do not give their children allergenic foods: strawberries, chocolate, oranges. At the same time, the child’s cheeks still turn red, a weeping crust or urticaria appears. The reason is that there are many more allergenic foods than parents can imagine. If it is not possible to exclude the culprit, a special therapeutic diet is prescribed.

What is a hypoallergenic diet for children

Under the term allergy, doctors mean a special condition (hypersensitivity) of the body to various substances, upon contact with which various negative reactions appear: redness of the eyelids, skin rash, sneezing, tearing, swelling. A hypoallergenic diet is one of the treatment options for this disease, involving the exclusion of highly allergenic products from the menu. It helps to identify the cause of negative reactions, relieve the burden on the body and improve the immune system.

A hypoallergenic diet is necessarily part of the treatment at the initial stages of an allergological examination. It is prescribed to all children in whom it was not possible to establish the cause of the allergy, to babies with a weakened immune system, with atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and a history of Quincke's edema. Sometimes hypoallergenic nutrition is also recommended for lactating women in order to prevent allergies in newborns and to improve the quality of breast milk.

General rules

Nutrition for allergies in children should be physiologically complete, but sparing. It is necessary to limit salt intake to 7 grams per day. The preferred culinary processing of products is boiling, stewing, steaming, baking. Prepare the first courses in meat broth with three liquid changes, especially when boiling chicken, fatty meat or fish. It is advisable to eat fractionally, at least 4 times a day.

If the child's feet or fingers swell, bags under the eyes appear after sleep, limit fluid intake to 1-1.2 liters of water per day. The chemical and energy composition of a hypoallergenic diet for children is as follows:

proteins (vegetable and animal) - 90 grams;
fats - 80 grams;
carbohydrates - 400 grams;
daily calorie content of dishes - 2800 kcal.

Before moving on to building a menu, you need to understand the rules of diet therapy:

At the first symptoms of an allergy in a child, limit salt intake to a minimum (3-5 grams per day). Since this disease is accompanied by an inflammatory process, and salt contributes to swelling, you need to remove all pickles from the baby's menu, including sausages.
For the same reason, give your baby more calcium-rich foods. This microelement contributes to the rapid removal of inflammation, and also strengthens the walls of blood vessels, teeth and bones. It is better to add cottage cheese, cheese, milk to the menu. If you are allergic to these products, you need to replace them with analogues with the same level of calcium.
It is important to remove from the menu not only the main allergens, but also those products that cause a cross-reaction. For example, if a baby is allergic to milk, you need to stop giving him cottage cheese, cream, sour cream.
When preparing meals, use only fresh and high-quality products. You should not buy products with dyes, flavors, food additives and various modifiers that lengthen their shelf life.

The duration of the diet can vary from two to three weeks to several months or even years.. When the symptoms of the disease cease to appear, after 2-3 days from the moment of improvement, the excluded foods can be gradually returned to the diet. This should be done strictly one at a time, moving from low-allergenic to high-allergenic. A new ingredient is introduced 1 time in three days. If at the same time an exacerbation appeared, then the last component of the diet is allergenic, and it must be completely abandoned.

Hypoallergenic products

The list of allowed products, as well as the list of prohibited ingredients, may vary depending on the individual characteristics of the small patient. The final version of the menu should be discussed with your doctor. Often, the following products are allowed to be included in the diet of children:

meat - boiled beef, skinless chicken fillet, turkey, rabbit;
vegetarian soups made from permitted vegetables;
vegetable oils - sesame, olive, sunflower;
cereals - buckwheat, oatmeal, rice, semolina (in limited quantities);
dairy products - goat's milk and cheeses from it, curdled milk, natural yogurt;
vegetables - cucumbers, cabbage, lettuce, greens, potatoes, green peas, pumpkin, turnips, zucchini, squash;
hypoallergenic fruits - green apples, pears, red currants, gooseberries, plums, prunes, peaches, bananas;
tea, dried fruit compotes;
dried white bread, crackers, unleavened cakes, pita bread.

Sweets for allergy sufferers

If your child suffers from allergies, this is not a reason to completely deny him sweets. Many delicious treats today are easy to replace with healthier foods. As an alternative for kids who love chocolate but are allergic to milk, you can offer a bitter bar high in cocoa or nougat. There is no milk in this product.

A child over one year old can be pleased with marshmallows, marshmallows, waffles with fruit filling. They contain pectin. This element is useful for the body, as it improves the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. When buying such treats, you should carefully read the composition: it should not contain dyes, chocolate, flavors. The following nutritional supplements are of great danger to the child's body:

E 321 or butylated hydroxytoluene is a popular antioxidant;
E 220-27 - sulfates;
E 249-52 - nitrates;
E210-19 - derivatives of benzoic acid;
E 200-203 - sorbic acid;
E 122, 102, 110, 124, 127, 151 - dyes;
B 550-553 - flavors;
E 621-25 - sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium glutamates.

You can find a good substitute for confectionery products with food additives: dried fruits, homemade ice cream or marmalade, gluten-free pastries, gingerbread. Many kids will be happy to eat frozen juice made from natural fruits, sweet popcorn. Do not offer your baby tartlets, store-bought muffins and other rich pastries with a high content of egg white and margarine. Choose not too sweet and low-fat cookies:

oatmeal;
cracker;
biscuit.

If you want to treat your baby with candy, you should give preference to milk-based sweets without chocolate: Iris, Cow, School. Purchased bars like Snickers and Twix can easily be replaced with pressed muesli, a vitamin treat from a pharmacy - hematogen. If the child is not allergic to honey and nuts, you can include halva in the diet.

Highly allergenic products

There are many allergens among food products that can provoke unpleasant symptoms, and become very dangerous when the disease worsens. Doctors distinguish such products that negatively affect allergy sufferers:

fish and seafood, including caviar;
minced meat and meat, in addition to what is listed above;
citrus fruits - oranges, tangerines;
all kinds of nuts;
orange and red fruits or berries - pineapples, strawberries, strawberries, grapes, persimmons, melons, pomegranates;
vegetables - beets, carrots, tomatoes, celery, radish, radish, horseradish, eggplant;
chocolate;
coffee;
confectionery and sweet pastries;
eggs;
cow's milk and fermented milk products with cow's proteins;
wheat
spices and sauces - mayonnaise, ketchup, mustard, soy;
legumes;
mushrooms;
canned, salted and pickled products;
carbonated drinks;
smoked meats.

For children up to a year

If an allergy is detected in a breastfed newborn, the principles of a hypoallergenic diet should be followed by a nursing mother. From the menu it is necessary to remove all products that can serve as provocateurs of the disease. At the same time, it is not recommended to cancel breastfeeding. Complementary foods for children with food allergies should be introduced gradually, adding no more than 3-4 new ingredients to the diet per month.

The introduction of complementary foods should start with vegetable purees or cereals without milk, sugar and salt. Acquaintance with a new diet should begin with monocomponent dishes: if it is vegetable puree, then it should consist of one vegetable, porridge - from one cereal. Experts advise introducing meat dishes in the baby’s menu no earlier than 6 months. Allergy sufferers are better off preparing food from rabbit or turkey fillet. If you prefer to feed your baby with artificial mixtures, choose products without cow protein and casein. Hypoallergenic cereals have proven themselves well:

Nutrilak GA;
Alphara;
Tuttel-peptidi;
Nan soy;
Similac Hypoallergenic;
Nan-2;
Nutrilon pepti MSC.

Hypoallergenic diet menu

A child's body fights allergies much better than an adult. In this regard, for children, a hypoallergenic diet is prescribed for a short time - up to 10 days. A sample menu for young children with allergies should look like this:

Meal time		Serving volume, grams
	Viscous buckwheat porridge


	Tea or peach juice
	biscuit cookies
	Vegetarian soup with potatoes and chicken meatballs
	steam cutlet
	boiled rice
	Rosehip decoction
	Biokefir
	Oatmeal cookies

	cabbage salad
	Vegetable stew with cauliflower and meat
	Tea or kefir
* The amount of lean bread per day should not exceed 150 grams

specific diet

In the presence of various diseases and allergic symptom complexes, with allergies to a specific type of food, doctors prescribe a specific diet. Compared to the general hypoallergenic food system, it has fewer restrictions, but it is very likely that you will have to follow such a scheme throughout your life. Common in young children and adolescents:

food allergy;
skin allergic reactions;
respiratory type allergy.

For food allergies in children

If there is an irritant in the food, the first thing parents should do is take the child to the doctor and ask for an allergy test. When the main trigger allergen is established, it is better to exclude it from the baby’s menu, and along with it, remove the entire chain of cross products. There are several basic diet tables, each of which has its own list of prohibited foods:

Nutrition without milk involves a complete rejection of sour cream, cottage cheese, ice cream, cakes, chocolate, sausages, cow's milk, butter.
A diet for hypersensitivity to chicken protein involves the exclusion of chicken meat, eggs, confectionery products that contain protein, sausages, sausages, mayonnaise.
The diet for food allergies in children to fish requires the exclusion from the diet of all canned fish, caviar, seafood, the fish itself (it does not matter, sea or river).
A hypoallergenic diet for children sensitive to cereals implies the exclusion of bread, bakery products, cereals (semolina, pearl barley, barley), pasta, noodles, cookies, bagels, pastries.

For any type of food intolerance, you should completely refuse to eat foods containing food coloring. It is not recommended to include cakes, pastries, puddings covered with sweet icing in the children's diet. In the future, parents should be careful about new dishes and fruits, especially if you plan a family vacation in exotic countries. Refuse dishes, the safety of which for the child's body you are not sure.

For respiratory allergies

If a child has been diagnosed with pollinosis or bronchial asthma, during the exacerbation season, doctors recommend that he follow a hypoallergenic diet that excludes all foods that can cause a cross-reaction. With intolerance to tree pollen, it is advisable to exclude from the diet:

Birch juice;
carrot;
apples, kiwi, pears;
nuts - walnuts, peanuts, hazelnuts, almonds;
fruits with stones - plums, cherries, cherries, apricots, peaches;
honey and other bee products;
herbs and hot spices;
potato;
tomatoes, onions.

The period of flowering and pollination of cereal crops and meadow grasses falls on the end of May, June-July. At this time, the following allergenic foods for children should be excluded from the diet:

strawberries, wild strawberries;
citruses;
soybeans, legumes;
nuts;
corn;
chicory;
sorrel;
bee products;
kvass;
yeast;
cereals and pasta;
bakery products and pastries;
products that include wheat or corn flour, starch - schnitzels, gravies, sauces, meatballs.

With skin

When it comes to allergic dermatitis, hives or skin rashes, eczema, doctors prescribe a general hypoallergenic diet with a standard list of prohibited and allowed foods. This approach helps to calculate the product provocateur of an adverse reaction of the body and subsequently completely exclude it from the children's menu. If atopic dermatitis has been diagnosed, more stringent measures are taken.

The diet for allergies in a child with atopic dermatitis is very tough, it is practiced with severe exacerbation. The meaning of this power scheme is as follows:

The baby’s diet is completely reset for two to three days, that is, all foods that can cause allergies are removed from it.
Then one product is introduced every few days, starting with low-allergenic ones.
If the baby's body responds well to food, allergic reactions do not occur, lean meat, fruits, and dairy products are introduced.
The identified irritant is excluded from the further nutrition scheme.

A hypoallergenic diet is built based on these rules. A sample menu for 11 days looks like this:

The first three days the child is given only water and crackers without additives, sweeteners or salt.
For 4-5 days, hypoallergenic vegetables are added, mainly in boiled form.
On the 6-7th day, one type of lean meat is introduced: beef, tongue (beef, veal, pork), turkey.
For 8-9 days, fermented milk products with a low percentage of fat content are added: yogurt, kefir, cottage cheese, goat's milk.
On the 10-11th day, cereals are introduced.

Recipes for hypoallergenic dishes

A set of allowed products helps to ensure good nutrition for the child and make a varied menu. Hypoallergenic food recipes are available in books and on specialized websites, or you can adapt any family dishes yourself according to the doctor's recommendations. Liquid dishes must be present in the child’s diet - soups, borscht, low-fat broths. They improve the activity of the gastrointestinal tract.

Chicken soup with spinach

Time: 30 minutes.
Servings: 3-4 persons.
Calorie content of the dish: 91 kcal.
Destination: for lunch.
Cuisine: international.
Difficulty: easy.

Light soup with spinach belongs to the category of dietary dishes and can be included in the baby food menu. For meatballs, it is better to use homemade minced chicken breast. It will definitely not contain any harmful additives, dyes, flavor enhancers. Before preparing the soup, be sure to rinse the spinach well under the tap to get rid of sand and dirt.

Ingredients:

potatoes - 2 pcs.;
onion - 1 pc.;
carrots - 1 pc.;
minced chicken - 200 g;
spinach - 1 bunch.

Cooking method:

Make small meatballs out of minced meat.
Cut potatoes into chunks.
Put the meat and potatoes in a saucepan, pour 2 liters of water.
Boil the broth until the potatoes are ready.
Sauté carrots and onions in a pan with a little olive oil.
Add vegetables to the pan, boil for no more than a minute.
Put the washed spinach in a blender, add a ladle of broth. Grind everything until smooth.
Add the spinach to the rest of the ingredients, boil for 1 minute.

Time: 15 minutes.
Servings: 2 persons.
Calorie content of the dish: 97 kcal.
Purpose: dessert.
Cuisine: international.
Difficulty: easy.

Dishes for allergic children should be not only healthy, but also tasty. Treat your little one for breakfast with oven baked apples stuffed with muesli. Take large-sized fruits so that the filling can easily fit inside. If your child has an intolerance to bee products, honey can be replaced with maple syrup, but it's best to first make sure this ingredient is safe.

Ingredients:

apples - 2 pcs.;
muesli - 3 tbsp. l.;
cinnamon - 1 pinch;
maple syrup - 2 tbsp. l.

Cooking method:

Mix muesli with cinnamon and maple syrup.
Cut the top off the apples and remove the core with a spoon.
Start the apple molds with muesli.
Pour 50 ml of water into a baking dish, put apples.
Bake the dessert in the oven or slow cooker at 190 degrees for 15 minutes.

Video

Often, allergenic foods for children become almost the main diet, starting from an early age. The child eats hamburgers, french fries, chips, sausages, sweet bars, which cause the development of an acute allergic reaction, and also supply a large amount of dangerous substances with food. Children acquire health problems and are constantly at risk. Therefore, it is so important to establish good nutrition, to prevent the penetration of allergens into the blood in order to maintain health until old age.

Special chemicals that prevent food spoilage harm the body. In most cases, monosodium glutamate, which is part of the finished dish, reduces its value and causes disturbances in the work of the stomach and intestines. You should not buy Mivina noodles, potato chips, canned fruits, pickled vegetables. Chemical additives and a special protein (gluten) irritate the intestines, and bread or cakes made from such flour cause an allergic reaction in a child. Urticaria, runny nose appear after drinking drinks containing the dye "yellow-5". The child has signs of an acute reaction to a food product that has entered the body. This:

excessive sleepiness,
redness of the eyes, blue lips.

Show all

Egg yolk

Children who eat chicken or duck eggs most often suffer from allergies. Meals containing protein are fraught with danger and cause the development of an immediate type of reaction. It is because of the content of special substances that they fell into disfavor.

Most often, allergy symptoms appear in a child whose body has received specific proteins that cause various forms of an immune response:

albumen;
lysozyme;
ovomucoid.

Chicken eggs top the list of allergenic foods, but it should be remembered that a lack of dietary protein interferes with the full synthesis of hormones, leads to disruption of the heart, blood vessels, reproductive and urinary systems. If a child cannot eat chicken eggs, they are replaced with quail eggs. They are less allergenic, do not cause destruction of intestinal epithelial cells.

If the child does not adhere to the diet, he develops symptoms of individual intolerance - Quincke's edema or anaphylactic shock. Under the ban are not only the most allergenic foods, but also dishes from them, which are provocateurs of the development of a specific reaction. Hard-boiled eggs are especially dangerous. They are replaced without damage to the life of the body with equivalent food.

Ambiguous milk

Unfortunately, some children are allergic to protein and avoid dairy products. It is dangerous for health to include in the diet the following dishes containing proteins in their composition:

cakes;
pies;
cookies;
ice cream;
chocolate;
margarine.

Often the child does not tolerate goat or sheep's milk. Casein is recognized by the cells of the body as foreign, and an acute allergic reaction develops. If breastfeeding is not possible, the baby should be fed using a specially adapted milk formula.

A baby older than 12 months should receive 400 ml of liquid dairy products per day. If you are allergic to casein, you need to adjust the diet and satisfy the baby's daily need for vitamins and minerals through other products. Many formula-fed babies cannot tolerate complementary foods made from cow's milk. The child develops symptoms of atopic dermatitis, urticaria, edema develops in the head and neck, dry cough and wheezing. With any changes in the patient's condition, consultation with a doctor is required.

The danger of citrus

Oranges, tangerines, kiwi, grapefruit are a source of vitamin C and strengthen the immune system. In some cases, their nutritional value fades into the background. Many fruits are associated with a severe allergic reaction in a child.

The most popular citrus fruit is orange. It can provoke the development of anaphylactic shock. The patient is not recommended to cook dishes that contain orange or tangerine juice:

sweet drinks;
ice cream;
jams;
cakes.

A large amount of citrus fruits eaten by a child burdens digestion, takes strength from the body, and contributes to the appearance of shortness of breath, skin rash, itching, and diarrhea. Most often there is a runny nose, severe lacrimation. It is not recommended to use oranges for making juice and complementary foods for a sick child. They can be replaced with other fruits. It is recommended to keep a food diary, in which it is necessary to indicate the reaction to the introduction of new foods into the diet. With age, the manifestations of allergies do not disappear, but, on the contrary, intensify.

Food that destroys health

Dangerous products are cereals, most often wheat, less often rye. Semolina, especially with the addition of vegetables or fruits, can cause an allergic reaction in a sick child. Quite often, instant cereals are used in food. The grain undergoes a special treatment, and the dish becomes crumbly and tasty. Corn and millet groats can cause allergy symptoms. Artek porridge consists of crushed wheat grains and is a refined product. It energizes the body, but can cause itching, skin rashes, loose stools.

Food intolerance to semolina dishes is caused by the presence in its composition of a complex protein - gluten, which affects the body's absorption of important trace elements and vitamins. In some cases, constant and prolonged feeding of porridge can provoke the appearance of a rash on the skin, fever, runny nose, cough. You should not cook a dish with goat's milk, as intolerance to the product manifests itself a few days after its use.

An allergic child is given cereals: rice, buckwheat, oatmeal. Gluten thins the intestinal mucosa, the child begins diarrhea (diarrhea).

Why is chocolate dangerous?

The composition of the finished product includes cocoa powder, which is a highly allergenic substance. The danger increases if the following ingredients are added to it:

peanut or palm oil;
powdered milk.

Lactose intolerance and the presence of the antioxidant E322 lead to an allergic reaction. First of all, it is necessary to exclude walnuts from the patient's diet, as they are often added to chocolate. The patient is not recommended to use sweet tiles containing raisins, dates, flavor enhancers.

Chitin is a natural polysaccharide found in chocolate. When taken with food, it often causes skin rashes. People prone to allergies experience excruciating itching. If the patient suffers from asthma, eating chocolate provokes the development of an asthma attack. It begins with the onset of excruciating itching and swelling in the oral cavity, tingling of the tongue, reddening of the upper palate.

Dark chocolate causes greenish liquid stools, abdominal pain, dry cough in children under 5 years of age. The work of the kidneys is disturbed, the development of Quincke's edema or anaphylactic shock is possible.

Red and orange berries

Sometimes a child eats a juicy apple or a little red currant, and after a few hours he becomes ill. Colic appears in the abdomen, the head hurts, nausea and vomiting occur. Even a minimal amount of an allergen is enough to develop an acute reaction of the body. The source of the problem is the lack of enzymes in the body responsible for the digestion and absorption of fruit sugar. The child complains of nausea, flatulence, weakness, sweating.

The use of black and red currants often causes an allergic reaction, since the berries contain a large amount of ascorbic acid. The child's health deteriorates sharply and an asthma attack develops rapidly.

Sugar is harmful to the human body. Children are not recommended to eat orange-colored fruits prepared in the form of a sweet puree or cold dessert.

Dangerous seafood

Often, allergy symptoms occur after eating fresh fish, shellfish, crab, or shrimp. Parvalbumin is a calcium-binding protein that is poorly absorbed in the body of a child and is stored for a long time in ready-made meals. The patient often has dangerous allergy symptoms:

skin rashes;
purulent blisters on the face and body;
nausea;
dry paroxysmal cough;
chills.

The protein contained in crab meat in large quantities causes a severe non-specific reaction and leads to toxic poisoning. The child loses hearing and vision, the work of the nervous system is disturbed. Food intolerance to seafood manifests itself even after their heat treatment. The patient develops laryngeal edema, breathing is disturbed, blood pressure drops sharply.

Food allergies in infants

Excessive passion for cow's milk and sweet cereals based on it often leads to the development of a non-specific reaction of the body. A sick child develops numerous itchy spots on the face, nausea and profuse diarrhea. Often the first sign of food intolerance is the appearance of small ulcers on the gums.

Chicken eggs, introduced into the diet of children under one year old as complementary foods, provoke the onset of the disease. Dark chocolate, walnuts, industrial juice containing citric acid are especially dangerous. It is not recommended to give your child citrus fruits, strawberries, natural honey, sea and river fish, soy products.

An allergic reaction in children under one year old most often occurs in babies who are bottle-fed. The mother must exclude the following foods and prepared meals from her diet:

meat and fish broths;
garlic;
sweet confectionery.

It is not recommended to use fresh cow's milk for cooking if the child has an individual intolerance to casein. Formula-fed babies benefit from special dairy-free formulas.

Low-allergenic products can reduce the manifestations of the disease in the acute period. Complementary foods are introduced on the recommendation of a doctor after the child is 6 months old. Zucchini, cauliflower and broccoli are used to prepare healthy dishes. Potatoes or carrots can only increase the manifestations of the disease.

Properly organized nutrition allows you to completely get rid of the symptoms of allergies.

The necessary knowledge is a reliable weapon in the fight against the disease

It is useful to have information on hand about foods that cause non-specific reactions in children. A properly compiled list will help to study their nutritional value and prevent an exacerbation of the disease. The table of allergenic products will tell you how to identify cross-reactions to their use, will allow you to familiarize yourself with the recipes for preparing complementary foods for children suffering from atopic dermatitis.

Timely identification of the allergen with the help of a food diary and other reference materials will help diversify the diet and maintain health for many years.

Komarovsky about allergies
food allergy
Allergy tests
Diet

Allergic diseases often cause skin rashes in a child. They itch a lot, which brings significant discomfort to the baby's body. Combing red spots, he can easily bring an infection under the skin. In such cases, more severe inflammatory reactions already occur. Such secondary infection can cause streptoderma or systemic damage to the body by staphylococcus aureus.

Why are skin rashes dangerous and what provokes their appearance?

Often the cause of the appearance of red vesicles or spots on the skin are various types of allergic reactions. When an allergen product enters the child's body, a whole cascade of inflammatory changes is launched within a few minutes. Such reactions are called hypersensitivity. They are of fast and slow type.

When an allergen first enters the body, protective blood cells are not yet ready to meet it. For this reason, an allergic reaction does not occur immediately, but after some time. This usually happens 6-8 hours after the allergen enters the body.

The cells of the immune system, recognizing the foreign component as allergic, immediately begin to actively fight it. A large number of different biological substances are released into the blood, which trigger the process of inflammation.

A large number of cells of the immune system are found in the blood and in the skin. When foreign allergenic substances enter the battle, they are the first to enter the battle. A few hours after the onset of the disease, the skin reacts with red itchy elements. It can be papules, vesicles, spots. It all depends on the individual sensitivity and tenderness of the child's skin.

In infants, spots usually appear more often. In most cases, they are localized on the extensor surfaces of the forearms and arms, buttocks, hands and on the delicate skin of the child below the chin, on the neck.

In children aged 2 years, spots are more often formed in combination with vesicles. This is largely due to the structure of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of a child of this age. Toddlers become restless, naughty. Children of kindergarten age (4-5 years) during the period of exacerbation of an allergic reaction should not attend a preschool institution for the entire period of treatment. In the garden, they can easily pick up a secondary infection or bring microorganisms into wounds, scratching itchy spots on the skin.

In severe cases of allergic reactions, not only skin lesions appear. In babies, the temperature can even rise to 38-39 degrees. There is redness in the throat, allergic rhinitis, dry cough. With allergic rhinitis and laryngitis, it is imperative to show the child to an immunologist-allergist. He will conduct additional examinations for individual sensitivity to specific allergens. After that, the doctor will prescribe a full range of measures and recommend an anti-allergic diet.

Peculiarities

The hypoallergic diet, among others, is quite strict. As the child's body grows older, it may appear new hypersensitivity to various products.

When an allergy occurs for oranges after some time, intolerance to all citrus fruits is formed.
For allergies for chicken eggs there is a sensitivity to all products (including pastries) that contain chicken yolk or melange. In 5% of children, a cross-allergy to quail eggs is also possible. In this case, it is required to completely exclude eggs from the child's diet and monitor the composition of all dishes where any egg components can be added.

If cross-sensitivity has been established in your child during allergy testing, the immunologist will definitely recommend that you exclude all combinations in which an allergic reaction may develop.

For children with allergies for flowering trees any shrub fruits and berries should be completely excluded from the diet. The cells of the immune system, having a system memory, when any substance from the prohibited list enters the body, they will consider it an allergen. An allergic reaction in a child will be equally acute when pollen blooms or after eating a plum or an apple.

Try to avoid contact with the allergen, given the flowering time of the trees.

Recently, doctors note that many children have increased the number of cases of intolerance to dairy products. Such children are assigned a dairy-free diet. It is shown to all babies with an allergy to milk. It cannot be called protein-free, it belongs more to the category of low-protein ones.

In the nutrition of babies on a dairy-free diet, you need to carefully monitor the optimal intake of protein in the body. Add more meat products and side dishes containing vegetable protein. It can be lean meat or fish (with good tolerance), poultry.

From vegetable protein, you can choose green or regular beans and well-boiled pea porridge. Enter into the diet green peas: it contains much less substances that can cause allergies.

Grocery list

Currently, there are many classifications of allergenic products. They divide all products into different categories (depending on the possibility of causing allergic reactions).

Every day, scientists add new sources of allergens to the lists. This is due to the fact that every year the number of children with allergic pathologies increases several times.

Babies born in the city are many times more likely to suffer from intolerance to various foods than village ones. Doctors attribute this to the impact of adverse environmental factors and high levels of pollution in large cities.

Every year, all the leading scientists, doctors and nutritionists of the world gather at international councils and congresses to discuss the nutritional problems of children prone to the development of allergic reactions. Special tables were compiled in which all products are entered taking into account their possible negative impact on the child's immune system:

Foods with a high potential to cause allergic reactions are called highly allergenic.
Foods that are less likely to cause allergies - medium sensitizing.
Foods that are practically incapable of causing an allergic reaction in a child (or cause in a much smaller number of cases) are called neutral.

Foods that can be safely included in the diet of a child with food allergies include:

All fruits and vegetables are green. White fruits and berries. An excellent basis for any side dish for children with a tendency to allergic reactions is broccoli, as well as cauliflower. Potatoes are also suitable, but they contain a lot of starchy substances. It is better to mix cauliflower with a small amount of potatoes when cooking mashed potatoes, giving preference to cabbage.
Protein products: lean beef meat, with care - white varieties of fish. Red (and especially sea) fish are banned! Its use can provoke an allergic reaction. Do not give your baby seafood or seaweed. Adding them to the diet often causes cross-allergies.
With good tolerance to dairy products - sour milk with a small percentage of fat (cottage cheese, kefir, yogurt). All types of cheeses, sour cream, homemade butter and margarine should be excluded. They can provoke food allergies and have an adverse effect on the liver and gallbladder. Frequent consumption of such products can cause chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
Cereals and cereals. They are selected strictly individually. It should be noted that they may be contraindicated for babies with allergies and gluten intolerance. Buckwheat and rice should be introduced into the diet with caution, since they have an average allergenic potential.

If, after the introduction of cereal complementary foods, the child's skin remains clean and pink, he will almost certainly tolerate these products well. Be sure to monitor the condition of the baby's skin and his mood after the introduction of each new complementary food. This will allow you to determine if you are allergic to a particular new food.

If the baby is prone to the development of allergic reactions or you, close relatives have serious allergic diseases, pay attention to what you are preparing for the child. In any case, you should consult and show the baby to an immunologist-allergist. He will conduct a series of simple and painless scratch tests that will identify all cross-allergen variants.

There are even special panels in which all allergens are listed according to certain antigenic characteristics. Such a study is very convenient and allows you to establish with high accuracy all prohibited products from several groups at once.

It is important to note that adherence to such a diet is worth a lifetime. The human immune system is very precise. Even after one encounter with an allergen, the memory of it remains for life. With each new encounter with this product, the body reacts more strongly.

An allergic reaction starts almost instantly. For a long course of the disease, damage to other organs is already characteristic: the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are most often affected, and in this case, more serious treatment by a doctor is already required.

What should parents of preschool children remember?

Carefully plan and create a menu for your child. Eliminate all products that do not suit him. Keep a diary and write down all the changes that occur in the baby after eating. Reflect the condition of his skin, as well as the estimated time when the manifestations occur. This will make it easier for you to understand which foods have allergenic characteristics and can harm the child's body.
If your child attends kindergarten, be sure to tell the kindergarten health worker that your baby is allergic. Describe what foods are contraindicated for him. The caregiver and health worker should carefully monitor what the baby eats while away from home. In kindergarten, they are responsible for his health. It would be great if there was a choice of dishes in the garden. Now this principle is practiced frequently. If not, the healthcare professional should eliminate the side dish or main dish for allergic babies and replace it with something else.
All children with allergic diseases or intolerance to certain foods should be observed by an immunologist. With a calm course of the disease (without frequent exacerbations and rashes), visit a doctor at least once a year. This is necessary for dynamic monitoring of the state of the child's body.
Do not indulge the whims of the child! All kids love sweets. However, it should be understood: if the baby has an allergy, then such pampering can even be deadly. In severe cases, after meeting with the allergen, the child's body may react with Quincke's edema or spasm of the larynx. This is a very dangerous complication that requires the immediate provision of qualified medical care.

If suddenly, after eating or snacking, your baby begins to choke or turns blue, urgently call a children's ambulance. It is necessary to act very quickly, since the time to save a child's life goes by in minutes.

Teach your child healthy eating habits. At the table, it is better to eat about the same food that the baby eats. So you show him that he is not at all some kind of sick or deprived of something. It's just healthy food, and that's how everyone eats. Be sure to praise your baby when he eats the right and healthy foods well.

Look after yourself! If you allow yourself to snack or drink tea with chocolates or cakes, then do not be surprised why your baby reaches for the "yummy". All kids from two years old are similar in behavior to little monkeys, which is due to the development of their psyche. In their behavior, they accurately copy those around them or their parents. Be a real good example for your child. His health now and in the future depends on you.

Menu for children over 1 year old with Ado diet

In Soviet times, the well-known scientist and pathophysiologist A. D. Ado began to study the problems of allergic diseases and develop special diets that can prevent new exacerbations of the disease.

It was he who first established that there are certain foods that can trigger a number of inflammatory changes in the body and easily cause an allergic reaction. He also noted that there are products that have the opposite properties. They are safer for the body and practically do not cause allergies.

The result of his scientific activity was the system of proper nutrition according to Ado. This is the prototype of a hypoallergenic diet. It excludes all products that can cause skin rashes, with the mandatory inclusion of neutral products. Ado compiled his diet so that all the incoming substances were selected in sufficient quantities for the active growth and development of the child's body.

The advantages of his method include:

detailed analysis of all products that trigger allergic reactions, and their complete exclusion from the children's menu;
elimination of all allergens from the diet immediately allows you to quickly remove inflammation and eliminate all adverse symptoms of the disease;
Possibility of gradual introduction of new products, with mandatory monitoring of the child's condition after such an introduction.

Of course, there are also disadvantages:

Diet prescription all children without prior examination and laboratory determination of individual sensitivity to different products. Ado formulated his diet at the end of the twentieth century, when there was not yet ample laboratory capacity to conduct such highly accurate tests.
Low specific sensitivity. The diet is used for all children and adolescents without taking into account the individual level of immunity and concomitant chronic diseases.

Among the most common allergens, A.D. Ado excretes cow's milk, egg yolk and fish.

Sometimes hypersensitivity occurs to gluten or wheat, banana and rice proteins. The body's sensitivity to potatoes, buckwheat, corn, soy and legumes is less common.

At the same time, A.D. Ado highlights foods that, if you are allergic to, should be wary of "cross" foods in the diet.

The treatment table according to Ado can be represented as follows. Please note that occasionally the menu includes products with an average allergenic potential.

Closely monitor the condition of your child, because when drawing up a diet, individual characteristics must be taken into account: there is no universal menu suitable for all children.

First day of the week

Breakfast: Oatmeal on the water. A couple of dry crackers.
Lunch: Yogurt.
Dinner: Soup with lean beef meat (without carrots). Cucumber, Chinese cabbage and corn salad dressed with vegetable oil.
Afternoon snack: Pear jelly with dry biscuits.
Dinner: Steam quenelles from lean lamb with chopped cauliflower. Apple compote.

Second day

Breakfast: Buckwheat flakes with kefir.
Lunch: Butter sandwich.
Dinner: Boiled lean veal with mashed potatoes and cauliflower. Kissel from berries.
Afternoon snack: Low-fat cottage cheese with sugar.
Dinner: Stewed low-fat lamb with vegetables and peas.

The third day

Breakfast: Millet porridge with dried fruits.
Lunch: An apple baked in the oven.
Dinner: Beef meatballs with noodles. Salad of zucchini and herbs.
Afternoon snack: Biscuits with kefir.
Dinner: Stewed with vegetables and boiled buckwheat.

Fourth day

Breakfast: Buckwheat pancakes with yogurt.
Lunch: A glass of kefir.
Dinner: Shchi with sour cabbage and boiled veal. Cucumber and dill salad.
Afternoon snack: Bun with kefir.
Dinner: Veal meatballs stuffed with vegetables.

Fifth day of the week

Breakfast: Pancakes with curd.
Lunch: Biscuit crackers with unsweetened tea.
Dinner: Stewed stew with horsemeat. A piece of bran bread.
Afternoon snack: Yogurt without additives with a little sugar.
Dinner: Oven baked lean beef cutlets with rice.

Sixth day

Breakfast: Multi-cereal porridge on the water.
Lunch: Slice of bread with apple jam. Unsweetened tea.
Dinner: Vegetable stew with beef meatballs.
Afternoon snack: Low-fat cottage cheese with kefir and sugar.
Dinner: Ragout of vegetables with veal.

Seventh day

Breakfast: Corn porridge with diluted milk.
Lunch: Baked apple.
Dinner: Low-fat veal broth with freshly prepared homemade noodles. Cucumber and parsley salad.
Afternoon snack: Biscuits with pear jelly.
Dinner: Stewed cabbage and beef meatballs.

Recipes for children 3-7 years old

Oatmeal and raisin biscuits

Take a glass of small oatmeal. Add one egg, ½ teaspoon salt and 1 tablespoon sugar. Pour in ½ cup rice milk. Instead, you can use regular cow's milk if the child does not have an individual intolerance to dairy products. Mix everything well with a whisk. Let the dough stand for 10 minutes for the oatmeal gluten to swell.
Rinse the raisins with plenty of running water. Pour boiling water over, let stand 10 minutes. During this time, you will have time to preheat the oven. Set the mode to 200 degrees. Prepare a baking sheet by lining it with baking parchment. Lubricate with a small amount of butter or vegetable oil.
Spread the biscuits moistened with water on a baking sheet. Let them be at a distance of 3-4 cm from each other, so nothing will stick together during baking. Bake for 18-20 minutes. The biscuits are ready when browned on top. Check doneness with a wooden skewer or toothpick.
Cooled biscuits can be served with yogurt or kefir, and they will also be an excellent dessert for tea.

Steamed beef patties with cauliflower sauce

Take 500 g of cooked ground beef . Pay attention to the composition written on the package. Minced meat should not contain chemical additives, dyes and flavor enhancers. If you don't trust store-bought ground beef, you can make it at home.
Add some water to the mince. Salt. Separately, soak a couple of crackers in water and add them to the minced meat, kneading well with your hands. Stir. Cook in a slow cooker or steamer in steam mode. Cooking time - 20-25 minutes.
Separately, boil the cauliflower until soft. Cool down. Blend vigorously with a blender until the consistency of a thick sauce. Salt to taste. Chop the dill and add to the sauce.

food allergy

Allergy tests
Diet

Hello dear readers. Today we are considering a question that interests many mothers: what foods are the most allergenic for children.

Which allergenic foods should be completely excluded from the diet of children under one year old, which ones - for children two to three years old.

And at what age can allergenic foods be introduced into the child's diet.

Allergenic products for children

Environmental pollution, low-quality products, the oversaturation of our everyday life with chemistry (household, cosmetic, agricultural) - the body responds to all these “loads” with immune failures.

Plants, animals, household items - all this can cause allergic reactions. But most often (up to 80%) is fixed.

How to protect against food allergies the most precious thing we have - our children? What foods are called allergenic?

Products - allergens

All the foods that we eat can be divided into three groups: hypoallergenic, moderately allergenic and high-risk allergen foods.

Hypoallergenic products are easily absorbed by the body, they practically do not contain substances that can cause allergies. This:

fermented milk products (kefir, cottage cheese, fermented baked milk, curdled milk, cheese),
cereal cereals (buckwheat, rice),
green and white vegetables and fruits (zucchini, squash, apples),
rabbit meat, veal.

Medium-risk allergenic foods are those that, if reasonably safe, may cause adverse reactions in certain individuals under certain circumstances.

These are lean fish, offal, legumes, bananas, berries, decoctions of herbs, etc.

High-risk allergenic foods include citrus fruits, red and orange vegetables, berries and fruits, honey, nuts, and seafood.

Let us consider in more detail the rules for the use of allergenic products for children.

Allergenic products for children up to a year

In infants, the possibility of developing allergies is very high.

There are factors that increase the risk: genetic predisposition, non-compliance with the mother's diet during pregnancy and antibiotics during pregnancy, early weaning from breast milk, and a violation of the intestinal microflora.

But even if you managed to avoid these risks, you should know: up to six months, any new product for a child can become an allergen!

The baby's digestive tract does not produce enough enzymes to "recognize" a new product.

The most dangerous for a child up to a year are the following allergenic products:

Cow's milk. Allergies can also spread to formulas based on cow's milk. Therefore, if you have to switch to artificial feeding, be careful when choosing a mixture. For allergies, switch to mixtures based on goat or soy milk, they are less allergenic.
Eggs. They, too, are known to contain protein. Therefore, only the yolk and preferably quail eggs can be introduced into the diet of a child up to a year very carefully - they are less allergenic.
Exotic fruits. Perhaps everyone knows that allergenic foods for children under one year old are citrus fruits: oranges, tangerines, grapefruits. Our grandmothers knew about it. But citrus fruits are an allergenic product not because of some element, but because they grow in tropical countries and are alien, exotic for our body. Therefore, doctors recommend introducing fruits native to our places (for example, apples) into complementary foods for children under one year old and being careful not only about citrus fruits, but also bananas, mangoes, pineapples and other overseas guests.
Red and orange vegetables, berries and fruits. Products of these bright colors are allergenic, as they have a complex structure that is difficult for the child's body to digest. Therefore, children under one year old should not be fed with these products.
Honey. Of course, everyone knows that honey is a very healthy and very tasty product. But bees collect pollen for honey from different plants, including those that cause allergies. This makes honey an allergenic product.
Chocolate. There are too many allergens in chocolate: milk, protein, cocoa beans. The child's body is not able to process this explosive mixture.
Nuts, especially peanuts. The high protein content makes nuts a particularly dangerous allergen product for the child's body.
Seafood and sea fish. The protein contained in seafood and fish is no less dangerous for the baby. These products should be excluded for children under one year old.
, jams, preserves. They contain a lot of sugar, and sugar consumption should be minimized for children.

If the baby has signs of an allergy, he needs it. Coordinate the introduction of new products into the diet with a pediatrician.

With a healthy reaction to complementary foods in the second or third year of life, children can carefully experiment with more allergenic foods.

Remember the rule: you need to introduce gradually, starting with small doses, in the morning or afternoon for several days, only one new product, carefully observing the reaction of the child.

You need to start with moderately allergenic foods (low-fat fish, legumes, offal, bananas, light berries, watermelon).

With a healthy reaction, you can also carefully try to give the child some allergenic foods: milk, eggs, confectionery, nuts (walnuts or almonds), jams, honey.

By the age of three, you can try introducing citrus fruits into your child's diet.

The most allergenic foods - chocolate, strawberries, seafood, peanuts - are best not given to children under five years of age.

Important to remember

The best allergy protection for an infant is mother's milk.
In the first year of life, it is necessary to introduce only hypoallergenic foods into the child's diet; it is impossible to experiment with allergenic ones.
You need to introduce new products gradually, carefully observing the child.

We wish health to you and your children!

The introduction of complementary foods is associated with the risk of an allergic reaction to a new product. To avoid the development of food allergies, you must follow simple rules for compiling a diet.

When to introduce complementary foods to children with food allergies?

The best food allergy prevention is prolonged breastfeeding. In this case, you must follow a strict hypoallergenic diet. Complementary foods for children at risk are introduced at a later date than their healthy peers - from 5-6 months of age.

Complementary foods for children at risk

Pediatricians recommend starting complementary foods with one-component purees or cereals in order to be able to track the reaction of the baby's body.
If the child often has loose or unstable stools, if the child is not gaining weight well, give him porridge as the first complementary food. Children with overweight and constipation are given vegetable puree first.
For children with food allergies in the first year of life, 1 type of cereal, 1 type of meat, 1-2 types of vegetables and fruits is enough.
Beef has an antigenic affinity for cow's milk proteins and can also cause allergies. It is better to give piglet or turkey meat. Among meat purees, choose those that do not contain broth, spices, salt.
Enter whole cow's milk after 1 year of life, whole eggs - after 2 years, fish and nuts - after 3 years.

Introduction of complementary foods to children with food allergies

Introduce a new product only when the baby is healthy, starting with 1/4-1/2 tsp. and gradually increasing volume. In case of poor tolerance, temporarily exclude the product and try to give it again after a few days.
Give each new product 5-7 days in a row before introducing another to monitor the reaction of the baby's body.
Replenish the children's diet with only one-component products: the reaction to one or another ingredient is difficult to track when using multi-component products.
We give complementary foods from a spoon in the morning and afternoon hours in order to track the reaction to the product during the day.

! If, for example, a pear is depicted on the front side of a jar of mashed potatoes, this does not mean that the mashed potatoes do not contain salt, sugar, starch, oils, flavors, food colors, preservatives. Their content is reported on the back of the package.
If you don't know what your child's body periodically "reacts" to, keep a food diary in which you write down everything your baby eats during the day. This will help identify a dangerous product.

Foods with a low degree of allergenicity: zucchini, cauliflower, green apple, plum, pear, rice porridge, piglet, turkey.

Foods of medium degree of allergenicity: broccoli, potatoes, green peas, pumpkin, peach, banana, lamb, chicken.

The most common food allergens are: whole cow's milk, eggs, fish, nuts, soy, wheat, citrus fruits, honey, chocolate, strawberries, tomatoes.

Will my child outgrow the allergy?

Food allergies are most common in children under 2 years of age. For most of them, adverse reactions to allergenic foods decrease as immunity strengthens. However, allergies to nuts, fish, and seafood can persist for life. Give the child this food not earlier than the above terms.

The assortment of the Gerber brand includes a large number of one-component fruit, vegetable and meat purees, juices and cereals, on the basis of which you can create an individual hypoallergenic diet for your baby.

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department and Adolescents at the Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital Tatyana Nikolaevna Sorvacheva: "The growth of atopic diseases worldwide in recent years indicates the need to develop effective preventive measures, starting from the earliest age of the child. The main areas of prevention are currently considered:

prolonged breastfeeding (at least 6 months), subject to a hypoallergenic diet by the mother or, if necessary, the use of hypoallergenic mixtures;
adequate timing of the appointment of complementary foods, in particular, somewhat later than for healthy children;
the use of specialized hypoallergenic complementary foods, in particular monocomponent gluten-free and dairy-free cereals, monocomponent meat, vegetable and fruit purees.

Discussion

And on a vegetable marrow there can be an allergy! for anything! and by the way, up to a year this is not an allergy, this is an enzyme deficiency, after a year there may not be any reaction! we gave a pumpkin at 5 months, then we could not cure it for three months. By the way, the allergist advised me to drink melted water - it will remove all the muck from the body and allergens too! life hack for you. Just buy any baby water, DO NOT BOIL! they just froze the baby water, then thawed it, and we already give it.

You cannot accept any article as a 100% recommendation. Working with infants, I observe different opinions on the introduction of complementary foods. Depends on the literacy of the pediatrician, his medical intuition. The maturity of the gastrointestinal tract matters. If there are still functional problems, then accurate complementary foods are necessary to create favorable conditions for ripening.

In my opinion, there is too much contrived. From simple and unpretentious words of truth - only about a long-term GV. And then it started - something that has always touched me in this general pediatric line of the party: on the one hand, the introduction of complementary foods is too early, in my opinion (and they didn’t even hint at pediatric feeding), 5-6 months is already a late introduction for them . Well, well ... My son was almost at full breastfeeding until he was 9 months old, but since a year he has been eating with us at the same table and normally. And now I’m thinking, isn’t this special diet for children up to 3 years old the flip side of the introduction of early complementary foods: they tore the digestive tract ahead of time, now we’re blowing into the water. It used to be even cooler - Spock! This is something! "The child and how to deal with it" is the code name. They tried to feed my husband with porridge for almost 3 months, as a result, at 4, acute dyspepsia, from which the hospital was barely pumped out. Can this be called a hereditary predisposition, which they scare here, because of which I now keep my son on a strict diet? Or, on the contrary, it speaks of endurance :) And another unpleasant moment: often children are discharged from the hospital with an infection - all sorts of stuff there, from which they are then treated for a long time. I think that this also affects their digestive tract in the future. This is how our medicine works: first we cripple, and then we treat, we treat ... :(