How does psychopathy manifest? Psychopathy. Forms, clinical symptoms and treatment of psychopathies. In practical medicine, psychopathies are distinguished

In society, there are always people with non-standard thinking, impulsive perky character - the favorites of the public, playing a specific role hidden behind a mask of fictional feelings. Emotional openness or psychopathy - a deliberate plan of action to achieve goals? It is possible to determine the subtle play of nature, you just have to wait for the right moment.

What is psychopathy?

The word psychopathy has two parts: "psyche" in Greek - soul and "pathos" - suffering. Psychopathy is a congenital or early childhood abnormality in the functioning of the nervous system. Deformed development of strong-willed character traits, which expresses the personality in society. Signs of psychopathy appear in early childhood, such behavior in psychologically healthy people does not arise in adulthood:

high vulnerability of feelings, developing into an uncontrolled outburst - one of the main signs of psychopathy;
an unrestrained character, a difficultly adapting personality in social terms - quarrels with relatives and colleagues based on the personal self-hypnosis of a psychopath, a tendency to embellish circumstances;
indifference to the feelings and problems of other people, disregard for the norms of social behavior, the manifestation of violence and aggression to achieve personal needs;
psychopaths have no feelings of guilt, making mistakes that entailed punishment, they are not subject to analysis - the extraction of experience.

Psychopathy in psychology

The psychopath is initially selfish, it is important for him to be in the center of attention, and it does not matter for what reason. The desire of an individual to become a leader and attract the attention of others is the norm for him. Emotionally unbalanced individuals with psychopathy can easily betray, they are cowardly. The psychopath easily turns the assigned, but unfulfilled, important task into a scandal.

Psychologists give to the question whether psychopathy is a disease or character; an unsuccessful answer is the line between a healthy and a pathological state of the psyche. Such individuals do not suffer from dementia or low intelligence; they are often successfully implemented in creative professions that require expressions of an emotional state. Psychopaths are great at manipulating the feelings of others by pretending to be a victim or expressing "sincere" sympathy. Symptoms of psychopathy are often confused with manifestations of neuroses.

Sociopath and psychopath - the difference

The hallmark of how a psychopath differs from a sociopath is remorse. A psychopath does not have such at all, while a sociopath has hesitation about bad deeds. A sociopath, unlike a psychopath, finds it difficult to pretend to be in society in order to achieve benefits; in communication with others, he openly demonstrates personal interests, often makes rash, spontaneous actions. The psychopath, on the contrary, never publicly admits a personal interest, and it is easy to pretend to achieve what you want, sometimes developing tactics of behavior.

Psychopathy - causes

Psychopathy arises on the basis of birth trauma to the head, postponed encephalitis, genetic predisposition and as a result of improper upbringing of the child, alcoholism of the parents. If the life circumstances that cause psychopathic syndromes in a person are minimized, then the manifestation of symptoms decreases. The first signs of psychopathy appear in early childhood and over the years acquire a more pronounced character - an exacerbation of symptoms that form asocial personality behavior.

Signs of psychopathy

There are a number of behavioral signs on how to recognize a psychopath. Ignoring general norms of behavior for a psychopathic person is the standard. The psychopath lacks the skills to establish connections in society, there are no long-term friendships. To define psychopathy, a person must have several essential characteristics, congenital or acquired over the years:

short sleep duration;
lack of gratitude;
high rancor;
inconsistency and a bunch of unfinished business started;
frequent change of work and stereotypes of thinking;
constant lie;
own moral laws, far from legal norms;
instant onset of states of rage;
accusing the opponent of lies and shortcomings, at the slightest conflicts;
frequent change of character masks, convincing play on the feelings of other people;
lack of long-term love relationships;
extreme hobbies;
sexual perversity;
groundless jealousy;
lack of a reflex of danger;
possession of attractiveness and charm, the presence of high intellectual inclinations;
non-standard points of thinking.

Psychopathy - signs in men

Thought-out tactics of behavior in society, excellent disguise of real facts, is inherent in male psychopaths. It is difficult to recognize a man as a psychopath after a short acquaintance. High success at work and business, attractive demeanor and high activity - thought out to the smallest detail behavior in society. A woman caught in the network of a psychopath late sees the real face of the chosen one - domestic violence for him is a norm that cannot be eradicated.

Psychopathy - signs in women

Psychopathy in women is manifested by signs of irascibility and emotional imbalance, frequent depression. Callousness of the soul and disregard for the feelings of loved ones is familiar to her. A psychopathic woman is of interest to most men, her cold calculation is built on personal interests, there is no feeling of love, but selfishness is developed, which manifests itself in adolescence.

What are psychopaths afraid of?

To determine the type of behavior of a psychopath, you can apply the rules of behavior, they will help to establish communication in a team, smooth out the sharp edges of relations between relatives. The best way out is to avoid manipulation of the senses, in the best interest of the psychopath. The disease psychopathy is usually divided into groups, with the main symptom characterizing a separate type:

Paranoid psychopathy- individuals with such a disorder suspect everyone of bad intentions, are extremely observant, meticulous and curious about someone else's life, the manifestation of emotions in others who are prescribed insidious plans.
Schizoid psychopathy- such people do not like to express emotions and communicate, choosing a profession, they prefer work with minimal human contacts.
Hysterical psychopathy- individuals with such a disorder are afraid to be left without attention to their person, creative abilities, react sharply to criticism.
Excitable psychopathy- characterize such psychopaths with groundless bouts of anger, jealousy, high demands on others, frequent dysphoria. Excitable psychopaths are rude and boorish, aggressive and easily inflict beatings, prone to committing crimes.
Psychasthenic psychopathy- cowardice and insecurity, these personalities are far from reality - dreamy, prone to unfounded self-criticism.
Affective psychopathy- characterized by constant mood swings, expressed dissatisfaction with life, the search for artificial stimulants of pleasure - drugs, alcohol.
Intermittent psychopathy- lack of willpower, a high degree of suggestibility and obedience from others. By fully agreeing with the opponent, such a person does not fulfill these promises.

Psychopath in a relationship with a woman

Playing on the feelings of a partner is a psychopath's favorite business.It is not easy to get away from a psychopath, he asks for forgiveness in an acting manner, with tears in his eyes, makes a promise not to repeat, or resorts to threats - a gaze at a frightened victim gives him pleasure. In moments of exacerbation of relations, one should not cry and justify one's behavior, insult in response to comments, and make promises.

From the husband of a psychopath, the wife and children, close relatives suffer emotionally. The decision to abandon the psychopathic tyrant must be final. Returning back to the psychopath, a woman with the next scandals will receive an enhanced method of pressure, will be attacked by a tyrant with particular bitterness, and will receive psychological trauma that increases the self-esteem of the psychopath's aggressor.

How to deal with a psychopath?

How to communicate with a psychopath if circumstances require contact? You need to know - he is not interested in someone else's point of view, the psychopath skillfully masks his own interests behind an affirmative agreement, followed by a surge of emotions. It is useless to enter into disputes with such personalities; if possible, one must listen to the arguments in the affirmative, redirect the conversation to a neutral zone, where the opponent is an ally.

Psychopathy - Treatment

A doctor's diagnosis of personality psychopathy requires treatment. The initial stage will be explanatory conversations, family psychotherapeutic consultation, hypnosis technique can be used. If, after such methods of exposure, there is no improvement in the condition, then drug therapy is prescribed. A strict selection of psychotropic drugs is carried out by a psychiatrist.

Famous psychopaths

The giftedness or insanity of the individual, which influenced the course of history and the development of sciences - there is no clear division of the outstanding abilities of a talented person. However, a significant contribution to history was brought by people with completely impeccable characters, and those who had an unbearable character and reprehensible reputation. Famous psychopaths who have contributed to the culture and history of mankind.

Psychopathy in translation from Greek means "sick soul" or "mental illness" or "suffering of the soul." A very self-explanatory name, isn't it? A psychopathological syndrome, manifested in the strengthening of negative traits, such as: heartlessness, low empathy (ability to empathize), lack of remorse, self-centeredness, deceit, superficiality of emotions. There is such a concept "Dark Triad", which includes three types of personalities with destructive characteristics: psychopaths, narcissists and Machiavellians.

If they talk about a psychopathic character, then they mean explosive reactions, aggression and rudeness. It is a personality disorder characterized by the presence of symptoms of psychopathy.

What is psychopathy?

Psychopathy Is a personality disorder characterized by a variety of abnormal behavioral signs and emotional responses. These include a lack of empathy, guilt, or remorse, as well as manipulation and deception. People with psychopathy are often irresponsible and oblivious to laws or social conventions.

When we hear the word "psychopath", most of us think of rapists, dominant men. There are many male images - psychopathic monsters from films, for example, the film "In bed with the enemy", "Silence of the Lambs". There are also female images ("Basic Instinct"). Psychopathic women behave in an unusual way, they do not explicitly aggression, and you cannot immediately determine who you are dealing with. Numerous studies show that there are fewer female psychopaths than men. However, such a factor as behavioral differences leads to an underestimation of the true number of female psychopaths. This is important to understand because female psychopaths can be just as dangerous as their male counterparts.

Psychopathy in men and its activities

Psychopathy is definitely a pathology that requires correction. The overwhelming majority of studies reveal the ratio of psychopathy in men to psychopathy in women, as 4: 1, respectively, 80% of psychopaths are still men. 10% of the population has certain traits that are called psychopathic character, but there is not enough evidence to make a diagnosis.

There is such an anecdote: When you died, everyone cries and everyone feels bad, only you don't care, it's the same when you are stupid. Instead of "dumb" you can substitute "psychopath" and this anecdote will be no less relevant, especially since psychopathy is also called emotional dullness.

In family relationships, psychopathy manifests itself most clearly and often families break up for this very reason, because it is almost impossible to find an approach to a man-psychopath. Psychopathy in men first reveals itself as an imbalance in emotions, which, in fact, is an obligatory feature. With intelligence, psychopaths are generally doing well, they often occupy serious positions. This is the peculiarity of psychopaths: despite the high intelligence, there is pathological, defiant behavior, outright deceit and aggression for no reason.

Male psychopaths are often disingenuous, jealous, self-centered and manipulative. They do not understand complex emotions (love, tenderness, pity), but they can imitate them. In the family, such men are physical and emotional abusers, and they often lead a promiscuous sex life. A relationship with such a man ends for a woman with emotional disturbances, profound depression and symptoms of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), such as sleep and eating disorders, tremors, etc.

Psychopathy in women and its signs

Hysteroid (but not in the sense of sensuality and artistry, but when it becomes unbearable for others). At first it seems to you that you are faced with a miracle, but then you realize that nothing is hidden behind their posture, the words have no evidence base, they are false. They seek attention in all ways, and it doesn't matter with the "+" or "-" sign. Tears, blackmail and continuous manipulation, all this often coexists with the behavior of a capricious child. They are short-sighted, they live in the present day. Psychopathic women easily part with men if they cease to suit them, do not feel remorse, they simply do not know how. They are arbitrary and domineering. They choose gentle, kind and honest men for their husbands, this is an excellent resource. Men often get drunk with them, fleeing an oppressive wife. These women are pedantic and they have order everywhere, while they are callous, quarrelsome, rancorous and vindictive.

Also typical relationship tandem: psychopath and narcissist, where the psychopath "eats" the narcissist.

Psychopathy in children and adolescents

The little psychopath is aggressive and self-centered. Aggressive manifestation affects everyone, without exception. Such a child can calmly deliberately throw a stone at the baby, hit the mother, strangle his brother, kick the cat, steal money from his parents, and steal from the store.

A Story of Problem Children: When Your Child Is a Psychopath. - Ed.

The first signs appear in boys already in preschool age; in girls, psychopathic traits begin to appear, as a rule, in adolescence.

Psychopathic children confront their parents and siblings, call them names, beat them, and are emphatically disdainful of family values. They lack a sense of shame and conscience. They do not feel guilty, they justify their misdeeds with far-fetched influence from the outside, absolving themselves of responsibility at any cost. It is necessary to distinguish between genetic pathology and pedagogical neglect.

Pedagogical neglect can be corrected with the help of specialists and parents, the genetic disorder requires regular corrective training and medication. If the reason is still genetic or there is a burdened heredity, then the first signs of deviant behavior appear in preschool age. Symptoms are pronounced. This is due to the fact that the child has not yet understood how beneficial it is to observe the norms of behavior. He doesn't have enough experience to contain impulses.

Psychopathy in adolescents, as well as in children, manifests itself in cruelty and sadism. They can bite, scream loudly for no reason, and are also prone to running away from home. Such children almost never show tenderness to their parents or show insincerely, but for the purpose of manipulation. The older he is, the more sophisticated and harsh his actions, the better he masks it. Often parents look for the reason in themselves, but with the organic origin of psychopathy, this is useless, such a child has his own motives and outlook on the world.

Much more often, psychopathy manifests itself in puberty (transitional) age. If a teenager has nowhere to take out his negative energy and rage, then he may well go and kill the animal, first tormenting him. The family is not a home and support for him. He does not perceive it in principle. Psychopathy very often proceeds against the background of additional mental illnesses or becomes their consequence (meaning psychosis and schizophrenia).

Most teenage psychopaths can go for the murder of people they dislike. They can become, for example, homeless people. Such children are also found in prosperous families, but more often all the same, in dysfunctional ones. Parents can feel fear and horror of their own child, and for good reason, because this creature can be quite dangerous.

Psychopathy as a personality disorder

Psychopathies, as personality disorders in general, can be characterized as follows: a pathological change in a person's character in terms of personal qualities that prevent him from living a normal life in society, prevent him from building any relationship, both loving and friendly.

Russian and Soviet psychiatrist Pyotr Borisovich Gannushkin described the so-called triad of clinical signs of psychopathy (clinic of psychopathy):

The severity of pathological personality traits to such an extent that there is a violation of social adaptation;
The relative stability of these manifestations and their low reversibility;
Pathological personality traits acquire a total character and determine the entire mental appearance of a person.

"Gannushkin's Psychopathy"- This is a classification of the types of psychopathies, of which there are a great many. There are two types of this disease by the nature of their occurrence. These are nuclear (congenital or constitutional - resulting from an inferiority of the nervous system, birth trauma, hereditary factors, etc.) and acquired (resulting from mental or physical brain trauma, infections, intoxication, and so on). Congenital psychopathies are manifested from childhood by a violation of the emotional-volitional sphere with almost complete preservation of the intellect. Pure types of psychopathies are extremely rare, mixed forms prevail, however, classification is possible.

Classic types of psychopathies (static psychopathy)

1. Cycloid psychopathy(affective psychopathy, hyperthymic psychopathy, thymopathy) - psychopathy of the affective type. The main symptom is a constant change of mood with cycle fluctuations from several hours to several months. The main feature of such people is emotional lability (instability). These emotions can go to very extreme extremes.

2. Schizoid psychopathy characterized by withdrawal from contacts, secrecy, lack of empathy (sympathy) and slight vulnerability;

3. Epileptoid (excitable, explosive, aggressive) psychopathy, refers to the excitable type of psychopathy. The main symptom is extreme irritability, bouts of melancholy, fear, anger, impatience, stubbornness, resentment, cruelty, a tendency to scandals;

4. Asthenic (inhibitory) psychopathy- This is increased impressionability, mental excitability, combined with rapid exhaustion, irritability, and indecision;

5. Psychasthenic psychopathy- anxious, insecure, prone to constant reflection, people with low self-esteem, pathological doubts and detailed excessive introspection;

6. Paranoid psychopathy- come up with overvalued ideas, stubborn, selfish, distinguished by the absence of doubts, self-confidence and overestimated self-esteem. He considers all his actions indisputable, and desires and needs must be quickly and unconditionally satisfied;

7. Hysterical (hysteroid) psychopathy- the desire to attract attention to oneself by any means, tend to evaluate everything in a favorable direction for themselves, mannered and theatrical;

8. Unstable (weak-willed) psychopathy- weak character, superficiality, lack of deep interests, susceptibility to the influence of others;

9. Organic psychopathy- congenital mental disability, they can study well, but the application of knowledge and the manifestation of initiative is difficult, they know how to "keep themselves in society", but at the same time they are banal in their judgments.

10. Obsessive (sexual, sexual) psychopathy... Sadism, masochism, attraction to animals and some other deviations.

11. Antisocial psychopathy- complete indifference to the interests of others (including relatives and even their own children). Others' sufferings never touch them. They are incapable of friendship, despise the norms of morality, and are irresponsible. They often lie. Anyone can be blamed for their failures.

12. Mosaic psychopathy- mixed type. Can combine all types of disorders, bizarrely intersecting with each other.

Regardless of the type of psychopathic signs, all these individuals are distinguished by sensitivity to the action of internal (for example, age crises) and external influences. With shallow lesions, psychopathic deviations can remain hidden from the eyes (latent psychopathies, according to Gannushkin), without disrupting the processes of socialization.

In the dynamics of psychopathy, two conditions are distinguished: compensation and decompensation, which are determined by the severity, type of psychopathy, age and social conditions. Full compensation is possible for 2/3 of psychopaths who previously needed treatment and even hospitalization. Decompensation is often associated with age. Compensation disorders under the influence of environmental factors or associated with endogenous dynamics are called decompensation. There is a clear connection between decompensation and age.

Psychopathies and character accentuations

Accentuation of character- this is when individual character traits are extremely strengthened, this is an extreme version of the norm. At the same time, there is resistance to some psychogenic influences and complete vulnerability to other influences. For example, schizoid accentuation makes a person withdrawn, and the outside world makes him tense under certain circumstances.

So, what is the difference between accentuation and psychopathy?

There are two variants of the norm: an absolutely normal character and an accentuated (intensified) character. And there is a very strong deviation in character, bearing the form of pathology, and this is already a psychopathy. In the case of psychopathy, the triad of clinical signs described above occurs. In the case of accentuation, all three clinical signs will never be present, and it may be such that none of the signs is present at all. Another difference lies in the vulnerability of accentuators in relation to only a certain type of psycho-traumatic influences, while a psychopath is traumatized by any event related to his form of psychopathy.

For example, a person with hyperthymic accentuation (active leader) may have a hard time experiencing events that strictly regulate his behavior.

Dynamics and statics of psychopathies

This concept was introduced by P.B. Gannushkin.

With age, the psychopath's pathological, characterological traits sharpen, but the personality does not change, a difficult outcome does not occur (as is the case with diseases), but recovery does not come either. There are two types of changes that are possible in psychopaths. One type of change is associated with the most acute periods in the life of any person - with puberty and menopause, which psychopaths experience much more acutely than mentally healthy people.

The second type of changes is associated with the presence of stress and traumatic circumstances. There is a quantitative change towards an increase in pathological, characterological reactions. Strong emotional stress and anxiety appear. Negative experiences accumulate and any insignificant reason, for example, a change in plans, can cause an unusually vivid emotional outburst, sometimes unexpected for the person himself. Then comes tranquility, physical and mental weakness.

The personality is finally formed by the age of 18-20, then considerable stability is acquired. The personality continues to evolve, gain experience, but the structure of the personality does not change anymore.

In the same person, depending on the conditions, psychopathic features can be either sharply expressed or not change at all.

The difference between psychopathy and neurosis

The answer is contained in one well-known expression: It is not enough for a psychopath to get the mountain off his shoulders, he needs it to crush the neurotic.

Both of these subjects have an unstable nervous system that gets out of balance easily enough. But, a neurotic is a person who feels bad from everything, from everyone and from himself too. The same cannot be said about the psychopath. This comrade is often good, simply because others are uncomfortable. A psychopath needs an environment to see how bad they are, and if suddenly they feel good, then the psychopath will do "bad". On the contrary, it is easier for a neurotic when no one touches him and does not disturb his nervous system.

What is psychopathy?

high vulnerability of feelings, developing into an uncontrolled outburst of negative emotions - one of the main signs of psychopathy;
an unrestrained character, a difficultly adapting personality in social terms - quarrels with relatives and colleagues based on the personal self-hypnosis of a psychopath, a tendency to embellish circumstances;
indifference to the feelings and problems of other people, disregard for the norms of social behavior, the manifestation of violence and aggression to achieve personal needs;
psychopaths have no feelings of guilt, making mistakes that entailed punishment, they are not subject to analysis - the extraction of experience.

Psychopathy in psychology

Psychopaths are great at manipulating the feelings of others by pretending to be a victim or expressing "sincere" sympathy. Symptoms of psychopathy are often confused with manifestations of neuroses.

Sociopath and psychopath - the difference

Psychopathy - causes

Signs of psychopathy

short sleep duration;
lack of gratitude;
high rancor;
inconsistency and a bunch of unfinished business started;
frequent change of work and stereotypes of thinking;
constant lie;
own moral laws, far from legal norms;
instant onset of states of rage;
accusing the opponent of lies and shortcomings, at the slightest conflicts;
frequent change of character masks, convincing play on the feelings of other people;
lack of long-term love relationships;
extreme hobbies;
sexual perversity;
groundless jealousy;
lack of a reflex of danger;
possession of attractiveness and charm, the presence of high intellectual inclinations;
non-standard points of thinking.

Psychopathy - signs in men

Psychopathy - signs in women

What are psychopaths afraid of?

Paranoid psychopathy - individuals with such a disorder suspect everyone of bad intentions, are extremely observant, meticulous and curious about someone else's life, the manifestation of emotions in others who are prescribed insidious plans.

Schizoid psychopathy - such people do not like to express emotions and communicate, choosing a profession, they prefer work with minimal human contact.

Hysterical psychopathy - individuals with such a disorder are afraid to be left without attention to their person, creative abilities, react sharply to criticism.

Excitable psychopathy - characterize such psychopaths with groundless bouts of anger, jealousy, high demands on others, frequent dysphoria. Excitable psychopaths are rude and boorish, aggressive and easily inflict beatings, prone to committing crimes.

Psychasthenic psychopathy - cowardice and insecurity, these individuals are far from reality - dreamy, prone to unfounded self-criticism.

Affective psychopathy - characterized by constant mood swings, expressed dissatisfaction with life, the search for artificial stimulants of pleasure - drugs, alcohol.

Unstable psychopathy - lack of willpower, a high degree of suggestibility and obedience from others. By fully agreeing with the opponent, such a person does not fulfill these promises.

Psychopath in a relationship with a woman

How to deal with a psychopath?

Psychopathy - Treatment

Famous psychopaths

Vincent Van Gogh, a brilliant artist with signs of psychopathy, possessed the technique of quick drawing and writing letters, cut off his ear during a period of exacerbation of psychopathy.

Ludwig van Beethoven - the famous composer fell into depression, bordering on psychopathy, inclined to treatment with opium and alcohol.

Isaac Newton, a physicist and mathematician, suffered from sudden mood swings, it was problematic to communicate with him due to psychopathy.

Abraham Lincoln, the President of the United States, is an interesting personality, he was prone to prolonged melancholy, developing into prolonged depression.

- congenital or acquired defect in the work of higher nervous activity. Mental disorder is expressed in a person's lack of basic emotions: affection, love, empathy and compassion. Psychopaths do not feel ashamed, do not repent of their misdeeds. That is why such people often become criminals.

The psychopathic person lacks real emotions, he constantly tries to replace them with something.

The reasons for the development of psychopathy

A psychopathic disorder can develop as a result of both internal and external factors.

There are 3 main groups of psychopathy due to its occurrence:

Nuclear (constitutional). Psychopathy is inherited or results from fetal damage before birth. The impact of the environment is also important, but it affects the formation of the defect to a lesser extent.
Organic (mosaic). Cerebral-organic insufficiency leads to the onset of the disease. The role of external factors depends on the degree of this anomaly: the less the deficiency is expressed, the more significant they are.
Regional and post-procedural. Pathology occurs as a result of interaction with the environment. The onset of psychopathy is influenced by psychogenic, situational, reactive and neurotic causes. The role of biological factors in the formation of the disorder is insignificant or completely absent.

The groups of reasons for which psychopathic disorders arise do not affect the type of pathology and the symptoms characteristic of it. In most cases, the etiology of psychopathy is mixed.

Types of psychopathy and their symptoms

Regardless of what form of psychopathy is observed in a patient, it is always accompanied by characteristic signs:

violations of social adaptation;
the development of stress personality disorder;
disharmony of behavior and personality in general;
the presence of deviations from childhood or adolescence;
behavior that does not fit into the framework of the norm and mental illness;
problems with social or professional productivity.

The generally accepted classification of psychopathies includes 9 large groups: asthenic, schizoid, paranoid, hysterical, epileptic, cycloid, unstable, antisocial, and constitutionally stupid disorder.

Each type of pathology has its own characteristic features.

Asthenic subtype

Asthenic psychopathy characterized by timid, shy, indecisive behavior. In this psychotype, self-doubt is combined with painful, hypertrophied self-esteem. Asthenic psychopaths can hardly tolerate changes and innovations in their lives, they are very sensitive to any external stimuli.

Responsibility, diligence and discipline of such people allows them to achieve career growth. Leadership positions, however, are not suitable for asthenic psychopaths: they are unable to make independent decisions and take initiative.

Asthenic subtype tends to analyze and control everything that happens to him, but his thoughts and plans are always far from reality. Asthenics often suffer from obsessive thoughts and ideas, are distinguished by increased anxiety and suspiciousness.

Schizoid subtype

Schizoid psychopaths- closed, secretive, divorced from reality personalities. They are characterized by emotional duality: such people are very acutely experiencing their own problems, and at the same time, they show complete indifference towards other people, including those close to them.

Schizoid psychopathy is characterized by non-standard and extravagance. This psychotype has its own opinion about the world around it, which does not fit into generally accepted concepts. Among schizoid psychopaths, there are many creative personalities and scientists - people for whom an original view of things is important.

Schizoid psychopaths do not tend to form permanent bonds with other people. They treat others with disdain, often with hostility. Their activity is very selective: such people are inactive in solving everyday problems, but persistent and persistent in achieving personal goals.

Paranoid subtype

Paranoid psychopaths are distinguished by the formation of overvalued ideas. Unlike delusional ideas, they have specific content, are confirmed by facts or events. However, the essence of such ideas is based on subjectivity and a one-sided view of things, so they often do not make sense.

Because of his one-sided view of things, his ideas are considered delusional, so, as a rule, no one listens to him.

Paranoid psychopaths are stubborn, self-confident, vindictive, suspicious and extremely touchy. They are distinguished by one-sided hobbies and thinking, inability to endure criticism, and a strong desire for self-affirmation.

People of this psychotype are prone to conflict behavior. Lack of recognition and criticism of them lead to confrontation with other people. Paranoid individuals often arrange "struggle for justice": they write letters of complaints to various authorities, file a lawsuit on any occasion.

Hysterical subtype

Hysterical psychopathy manifested by the patient's desire to attract the attention of the people around him. The behavior of such individuals is demonstrative, theatrical, expressive and always very pretentious. To be in the spotlight, hysterics shock other people with their appearance, behavior or stories.

Hysteria is typical for children who are trying to attract attention, but do not know how to do it right.

Pathological lie- the main characteristic of hysterical psychopaths. They exaggerate their merits and experiences, embellish events happening to them, often invent situations that never happened. Lying can present hysteroids not only in a positive light: in order to gain attention, they do not hesitate to slander themselves.

Hysterical personalities are mentally infantile, distinguished by superficial judgments and feelings. They are prone to suggestion and self-hypnosis, often play a certain role. Such people lack critical thinking, their ideas and thoughts often contradict themselves.

Epileptoid subtype

People with epileptoid psychopathy are irritable, excitable, prone to aggression. Outbursts of anger and rage occur in them regularly, most often for no reason or for an insignificant reason. After the epileptoid psychopath calms down, he regrets his behavior, but in a similar situation he does exactly the same.

Epileptoid psychopaths stubborn, inflexible, vindictive, always convinced of their righteousness. Depending on their mood, they can be gloomy and pedantic, or flattering and sanctimonious. Such individuals are prone to arguments, scandals and nagging, unable to compromise. Due to the inability to get along with other people, they often change their place of work, almost do not start long-term relationships.

Epileptic psychopaths often break the law by being in a state of passion. During a fit of anger, they are capable of any crime: beating, rape, murder. Also in this subgroup there are marginal individuals: alcoholics, drug addicts, gamblers, perverts, homeless people.

Cycloid subtype

Cycloid psychopaths- these are people with a certain level of mood, which is due to biological factors. There are 4 subspecies in this group:

Hypothetical, or constitutional-depressive type. It is characterized by a gloomy mood, lack of communication, chronic discontent. Such people are prone to constant self-criticism, despite their diligence and conscientiousness. They always expect the worst, always consider themselves to be wrong, do not like to express their opinion.
Hypertensive. It is excitable psychopathy, also known as "constitutional agitation." People in this subgroup are positive, active, proactive and energetic. They have a lot of self-confidence, are often unnecessary and undisciplined. They are not afraid of failures, prone to adventurism and promiscuity.
Cycloid. It is characterized by a constantly changing mood: from hypothetical to hyperthymic and vice versa. The duration of one period can vary from 5-6 hours to several weeks. The patient's behavior depends on the current mood.
Emotive / reactive-labile. A subspecies of the cycloid type, characterized by an excessively rapid change in mood. The state changes every few hours or an hour, for no apparent reason.

The cycloid subtype is prone to constant dissatisfaction with the environment, depression, as well as loss of appetite and apathy

Cycloid psychopaths, regardless of subspecies, are not prone to cruelty, aggression and asocial behavior. Most often these are law-abiding citizens with strange behavior.

Volatile subtype

Volatile psychopaths- weak-willed, suggestible, easily amenable to someone else's influence of the individual. Their behavior and actions do not depend on personal attitudes and goals, but on the environment, on external circumstances.

An unstable personality type is undisciplined, inclined to ignore the obligations imposed on him. Because of the desire to please other people, he takes on a lot, but most often he does not fulfill these promises.

Depending on the environment, an unstable psychopath can become a marginal person or a respectable member of society. He always needs a strong leader to guide him and show him what to do.

Antisocial subtype

Antisocial psychopaths- people with emotional dullness. They are equally indifferent to censure and praise, they have problems with the simplest social emotions. Shame, remorse, fear, sympathy are unknown to these individuals.

Antisocial psychopaths have no sympathy for the people around them. Often they are indifferent and cruel even to the closest ones: to the father and mother, to pets. They are not inclined to start a relationship, do not care about anyone but themselves.

This subtype of psychopathy is more violent than others. They enjoy torturing animals and other people, both mentally and physically. In order to hurt others, they do not need to be angry or in a state of passion. This type is more likely than others to become criminal.

Constitutional stupid subtype

A personality type characterized by mental disability. By origin, this type of psychopathy is nuclear: constitutional stupidity arises from the moment of birth, as a result of pathologies of fetal development or heredity.

Unlike oligophrenics, individuals with constitutionally stupid psychopathy can do well at school and university, and have a good memory. Problems arise when knowledge is applied in practice: deviating from the learned template, they are lost and cannot reproduce the required sequence of actions.

Roughly speaking, these are mentally retarded people who cannot repeat something after a certain period.

In the constitutionally stupid subtype, 2 large subgroups are distinguished:

"Obscure" or "Parlor Dementia"... Unoriginal people who think in patterns and platitudes. They tend to repeat obvious things after other people. They often do not understand what they are talking about, they like to use unfamiliar terms.
"Philistines" that have no intellectual needs or requests. They are not interested in learning new things, developing. They successfully cope with simple monotonous work that does not require mental effort.

Constitutionally stupid people like to follow fashion, they easily succumb to propaganda and advertising gimmicks. They tend to be conservative due to their inability to adapt to new things. Despite their meager intelligence, they often have great self-importance, considering themselves to be smart and creative individuals.

Features of psychopathy

Psychopathic behavior is more common in men than in women. According to statistics, men are 5-6 times more susceptible to this condition. In recent decades, this gap has been gradually narrowing.

Children suffer from psychopathy much less often than adults. Despite the fact that signs of pathology can be noticed even at the age of 3, most often this condition is found in adolescents over 14 years old.

In men

Symptoms of pathology in a psychopathic male personality are varied. This is due to the fact that men are much more likely to suffer from psychopathy than women.

The main features of male psychopathy include the following:

Men tend to try to manipulate other people.

love for other people;
the image of feelings that are not experienced in reality;
a tendency to inflict physical harm on other people;
difficult relationships with loved ones;
persistent violations of the law, minor or major;
cruelty towards all living things.

Male psychopaths are much more likely than women to commit felonies in a state of passion. They are also more likely to be physically or sexually abused against family members and other close people.

Among women

Female psychopathy is less violent and aggressive than male psychopathy. Among the features of psychopathic behavior in women, the following are distinguished:

tendency to kleptomania, theft;
hypocrisy, constant pretense;
dependence on alcohol, drugs;
sexual promiscuity, promiscuous relationships;
vagrancy, begging.

For female psychopaths, a promiscuous sex life is characteristic.

Women are much less likely to physically harm other people. They are more prone to pretense and hypocrisy than men, and more often try to maintain normal relationships with loved ones.

In children

Childhood psychopathy can manifest itself at an early age: starting from 2-3 years of a child's life. Symptoms become more noticeable with age, so this condition is most often diagnosed in adolescents over 12 years old.

The features of the manifestation of psychopathy in children are as follows:

indifference to the feelings of other people;
cruelty to other children, animals;
lack of remorse and guilt for bad deeds;
conscious desire for risk, lack of fear;
violation of prohibitions, moral principles and laws.

Child psychopath indifferent to his progress, he does not seek to take responsibility. He cannot be intimidated by the possibility of punishment or shamed for bad behavior. The feelings of parents and other people around do not care about such a child. All that interests him is himself and the satisfaction of his desires.

In children, psychopathy often manifests itself as cruelty towards their peers.

Because of their tendency to harm animals and other people, psychopathic children often get registered with the police. As they grow older, if this condition is not corrected by a psychiatrist or, a full-fledged psychopathic personality is formed.

Diagnosis of psychopathy

People tend to confuse psychopathic disorder with simple hysteria and antisocial behavior. To find out whether a disease or a bad character is to blame for a person's behavior, a psychotherapist conducts the following diagnostic manipulations:

Conversation with the patient. The psychotherapist consults with the person, communicates with him, asks questions. By the manner of communication, behavior and answers of a person, the doctor draws conclusions about whether the patient is a psychopath.
Communication with loved ones. The specialist contacts the patient's relatives or friends. He asks questions about a person's behavior, about his inclinations and hobbies, about living conditions and relationships with people around him.
Collecting anamnesis, documentation. The doctor examines the records in the patient's medical record, learns about the past diseases. He also takes a description from the place of study or work, communicates with law enforcement agencies, if the patient is registered.

In some cases, when the picture is unclear after the initial examination, psychological tests may be required. Doctors use Haer Testing, Levinson's Psychopathy Self-Reporting Questionnaire, PCL-R and MMPI questionnaires.

The diagnosis of "psychopathy" can be made only after the person reaches the age of majority.

Treatment of psychopathological syndrome

The psychopathic condition is treated with nootropics, symptomatic drug therapy and psychotherapeutic techniques.

Drug treatment

Treatment of psychopathic syndrome is carried out with the help of nootropics and psychostimulants. Ancillary symptomatic therapy is also relevant.

Psychostimulant to neutralize the central nervous system

Groups of drugs	Impact on psychopathy	Examples of funds
Nootropics	Normalize cerebral circulation, improve memory and intelligence. They are used for organic brain lesions, as well as for constitutional stupidity.	Picamilon, Nootropil, Phenibut
Psychostimulants	They are used for nuclear and mosaic psychopathy, neutralize organic lesions of the central nervous system and developmental pathologies.	Vivance, Ritalin, Dexedrine
Tranquilizers	Relax, calm down, relieve anxiety, stress, panic. They are used for strong emotional manifestations of the disease, with aggressiveness.	Phenazepam, Hydroxyzine
Soothing with natural composition	Relieve stress and irritation, soothe. Allows you to cope with anxiety, panic attacks, paranoia, tantrums and aggressiveness. They are used as symptomatic therapy.	Persen, Novo-passit, Valerian extract
Chemical sedatives		Corvalol, Bromcamphor Afobazol
Normotimics	Relieve the mood swings characteristic of the cycloid subtype. Also allows you to control aggression.	Valpromide, Carbamazelide
Antipsychotic drugs	Increases concentration, relieves stress and tension. Used as symptomatic therapy.	Haloperidol, Quetiapine, Clozapine
Antidepressants	They stimulate the production of neurotransmitters, help to overcome the depressive state in hypothymic cycloid disorder.	Melipramine, Trizadone, Fluoxetine
B vitamins	Strengthens the nervous system, allows you to get rid of stress, depression, psychosis, increased aggressiveness.	Angiovit, Compligam B, Pentovit

Psychotherapy

If external factors led to the appearance of a psychopathological state, the doctor can correct this state with psychotherapy.

The main methods are:

Individual consultations with the patient, personal communication with the doctor.
Drawing therapy, modeling, other creative activities.
Game activities using role-based plots.
Family consultations for solving intra-family problems.

Family counseling with a psychologist or psychotherapist is normal practice

Collective and group therapy, used for other mental disorders, is practically not used for psychopathy.

- personality disorder, often disguised as a "complex character". This behavior occurs as a result of biological and social factors. It is possible to correct the psychopathological state with the help of nootropics, tranquilizers, antidepressants and psychotherapy.