On this day, June 22, 1941, a terrible war began. During her time, many people have died, and countless feats have been accomplished. Not all the names of the heroes are known, but some have become a symbol of struggle and aspiration.
I remember how we loved the film "Young Guard" in childhood! dreamed of being like the brave people of Krasnodon ... swore to avenge their death.
What can I say, the tragic and beautiful story of the Young Guard then shocked the whole world, and not only the fragile children's minds.
(28 photos total)
The film became the leader of the box office in 1948, and the performers of the main roles, unknown students of VGIK, immediately received the title of Stalin Prize Laureates - an exceptional case. "Woke up famous" is about them.
Ivanov, Mordyukova, Makarova, Gurzo, Shagalova - letters from all over the world came to them in sacks.
Gerasimov, of course, took pity on the audience. Fadeev - readers.
What really happened that winter in Krasnodon, neither paper nor film could convey.
Crimea, Feodosia, August 1940. Happy young girls. The most beautiful, with dark braids - Anya Sopova.
On January 31, 1943, after severe torture, Anya was thrown into the pit of mine No. 5.
She was buried in the mass grave of heroes in the central square of the city of Krasnodon.
"Ulyana Gromova, 19 years old, a five-pointed star is carved on the back, her right arm is broken, her ribs are broken" (KGB Archives under the USSR Council of Ministers).
"Lida Androsova, 18 years old, was retrieved without an eye, ear, hand, with a rope around her neck, which cut hard into the body. Baked blood is visible on the neck" (Museum "Young Guard", f. 1, d. 16).
Anya Sopova, 18 years old
"They beat her, hung her up by the braids ... They lifted Anya from the pit with one braid - the other broke off."
"Shura Bondareva, 20 years old, was extracted without a head and right breast, the whole body was beaten, bruised, and black in color."
Lyuba Shevtsova, 18 years old (pictured first on the left in the second row)
On February 9, 1943, after a month of torture, she was shot in the Thundering Forest near the city, together with Oleg Koshev, S. Ostapenko, D. Ogurtsov and V. Subbotin.
Angelina Samoshina, 18 years old.
"Traces of torture were found on Angelina's body: her arms were twisted, her ears were cut off, a star was carved on her cheek" (RGASPI. F. M-1. Op. 53. D. 331)
Shura Dubrovina, 23 years old
"Two images arise before my eyes: the cheerful young Komsomol member Shura Dubrovina and the disfigured body raised from the mine. I saw her corpse only with the lower jaw. Her friend Maya Peglivanova lay in a coffin without eyes, without lips, with twisted hands ... "
Maya Peglivanova, 17 years old
"Maya's corpse is disfigured: the breasts are cut off, the legs are broken. All outer clothing has been removed." (RGASPI. F. M-1. Op. 53. D. 331) In a coffin lay in a coffin, without lips, with twisted hands. "
"Tonya Ivanikhina, 19 years old, was taken out without eyes, her head was tied with a scarf and wire, her breasts were cut out."
Seryozha Tyulenin, 17 years old (pictured - wearing a fur hat)
"On January 27, 1943, Sergei was arrested. Soon they took away his father and mother, confiscated all things. In the police, Sergei was severely tortured in the presence of his mother, they arranged a confrontation with a member of the" Young Guard "Viktor Lukyancheiko, but they did not recognize each other.
On January 31, Sergei was tortured for the last time, and then, half-dead, together with other comrades, they were taken to the pit of mine No. 5 ... "
The funeral of Sergei Tyulenin
Nina Minaeva, 18 years old
"... My sister was recognized by her woolen leggings - the only clothes that remained on her. Nina's arms were broken, one eye was knocked out, there were shapeless wounds on her chest, her whole body was in black stripes ..."
Tosya Eliseenko, 22 years old
"Tosi's corpse was disfigured, tortured, she was put on a red-hot stove."
Victor Tretyaknvich, 18 years old
"... Among the last, Viktor Tretyakevich was raised. His father, Joseph Kuzmich, in a thin patched coat, stood every day, clutching the post, did not take his eyes off the pit. And when they recognized his son, he had no face, with a black blue back, with crushed hands, - as if knocked down, he fell to the ground. No bullet marks were found on Victor's body - that means they threw him alive ... "
Oleg Koshevoy, 16 years old
When the arrests began in January 1943, he attempted to cross the line. However, he is forced to return to the city. Near the railway station Kortushino was seized by the Nazis and sent first to the police, and then to the district office of the Gestapo in Rovenka. After terrible tortures, together with L.G. Shevtsova, S.M. Ostapenko, D.U. Ogurtsov and V.F. Subbotin, on February 9, 1943, he was shot in the Thundering Forest near the city.
Oleg Koshevoy
Elena Nikolaevna Koshevaya, Oleg's mother
Boris Glavan, 22 years old
"From the pit he was taken out face to face with barbed wire bound to Yevgeny Shepelev, his hands were severed. His face was disfigured, his stomach was ripped open."
Evgeny Shepelev, 19 years old
"... Eugene cut off his hands, tore out his stomach, smashed his head ...." (RGASPI. F. M-1. Op. 53, D. 331)
"Volodya Zhdanov, 17 years old, extracted with a laceration wound in the left temporal region, fingers are broken and twisted, bruises under the nails, two stripes three centimeters wide, twenty-five centimeters long, are cut out on the back, eyes are gouged out and ears are cut off" (Museum "Young Guard" , f. 1, d. 36)
"Klava Kovaleva, 17 years old, was taken out swollen, her right breast was cut off, her feet were burned, her left arm was cut off, her head was tied with a handkerchief, there are signs of beatings on her body. Found ten meters from the trunk, between the trolleys, it was probably thrown alive" (Museum "Young Guard", f. 1, d. 10)
Evgeny Moshkov, 22 years old (pictured on the left)
"... Young Guard communist Yevgeny Moshkov, choosing a good moment during interrogation, hit the policeman. Then the fascist animals hung Moshkov by his legs and held him in this position until blood gushed from his nose and throat. He was removed and They began to interrogate again. But Moshkov only spat in the face of the executioner. The enraged investigator, who tortured Moshkov, hit him with naomash. Exhausted by torture, the communist hero fell, hitting the back of his head on the door frame and died. "
Volodya Osmukhin, 18 years old
“When I saw Vovochka, disfigured, almost without a head, without a left arm up to the elbow, I thought I’d lose my mind. I didn’t believe it was him. He was wearing one sock, and the other leg was completely stripped off. A scarf was put in instead of a belt. Warm. No outerwear. The hungry animals took off. The head was broken. The back of the head fell out completely, only the face remained, on which only Volodya's teeth remained. Everything else was disfigured. The lips were twisted, there was almost no nose at all. My grandmother and I washed Vovochka, dressed, decorated with flowers A wreath was nailed to the coffin. Let the road lie quietly. "
Parents of Ulyana Gromova
Uli's last letter
The funeral of the Young Guard, 1943
"Young Guard" is an anti-fascist Komsomol and polite organization of young boys and girls, which operated during the Great Patriotic War, mainly in the city of Krasnodon, Lugansk (Voroshilovgrad) region (Ukrainian SSR). The youngest member of the underground was 14 years old. anti-fascist Komsomol of the Great Patriotic War Krasnodon Lugansk (Voroshilovgrad) region Ukrainian SSR The organization was created shortly after the beginning of the German occupation of Krasnodon (the occupation began on July 20, 1942). "Young Guard" consisted of about 110 participants, boys and girls. The members of the organization are called the Young Guard. 20 July 1942
The "Young Guard" issued and distributed more than 5 thousand leaflets, its members participated, along with underground workers - communists in carrying out sabotage in electromechanical workshops, set fire to the building of the labor exchange, where lists of people intended to be exported to Germany were kept, thus about 2000 people were saved from being hijacked to Germany. The Young Guards were preparing to stage an armed uprising in Krasnodon in order to defeat the German garrison and join the advancing units of the Soviet army. However, shortly before the planned uprising, the organization was disclosed. Germany
Along with a lot of work on the leadership of the underground, he took a direct part in military operations. During the battle on the outskirts of the Wisloka River (settlement Lotoshin, 4-5 km south. Debica, Poland) on August 13, 1944, Captain Turkenich was mortally wounded and died a day later. Buried in the city of Rzeszow (Poland) at the cemetery of Soviet soldiers. On May 5, 1990 he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Member of the headquarters of the Komsomol anti-fascist underground organization "Young Guard". Born June 8, 1926 in the city of Priluki, Chernigov region (Ukraine) in the family of an employee. One of the organizers of the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard", a member of the staff, and later - a commissar. He took part in drawing up the text of the oath, leaflets, appeals. He was the leader of sabotage against the German fascist invaders.
Member of the headquarters of the Komsomol anti-fascist underground organization "Young Guard". Born on September 9, 1924 in the village of Yasenki, Gorshechensky District, Kursk Region, in the family of an employee. He took part in hostilities against the German fascist invaders.
Member of the headquarters of the Komsomol anti-fascist underground organization "Young Guard". She was born on September 8, 1924 in the village of Izvarino, Krasnodon district, Voroshilovgrad region (now Luhansk region, Ukraine) in the family of a miner. In September 1942, he became a member of the underground Komsomol organization in Krasnodon, and then a member of the headquarters of the Young Guard. She distributed leaflets, organized the escape of prisoners of war from the camps and ferried them across the front line, conveyed messages to the headquarters of the partisan movement. On the instructions of the headquarters, I went to Voroshilovgrad several times. There, she was arrested on January 8. On February 9, 1943, she was shot in the Thundering Forest on the outskirts of Rovenka. Her last words were: "Answer for us, you bastards, ours are coming, death ...". She was buried on March 20, 1943 in the mass grave of the victims of fascism in the center of Rovenka. On September 13, 1943, she was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Member of the headquarters of the Komsomol anti-fascist underground organization "Young Guard". Born on August 12, 1925 in the village of Kiselevo, Novosilkovsky District, Oryol Region, in the family of a state farm worker. In the Komsomol Tyulenin was accepted by the underground Komsomol organization "Young Guard" during the days of the occupation. He was immediately brought into the headquarters, on whose instructions he led a separate battle group. Participated in the execution of risky and dangerous tasks. He was known in the organization as a fearless militant.
He was the first to start obtaining weapons for the underground in battles with the Nazis. He was one of the main executors of the destruction of the labor exchange, as a result of which more than 2 thousand young men and women were saved from being hijacked to Germany. On January 27, 1943 he was arrested. And on January 31, 1943, together with his comrades, he was thrown into a 53-meter pit of the mine. On March 5, 1943, the hero's remains were buried in a mass grave on the central square of Krasnodon.
Member of the headquarters of the Komsomol anti-fascist underground organization "Young Guard". Born on March 17, 1924 in the city of Amvrosievka, Stalin region (now Donetsk region, Ukraine). On August 22, 1942, a sabotage group, which included V. Levashov, was thrown behind enemy lines in the area of Krasny Liman station. Within a month, the avengers destroyed enemy objects, collected intelligence about the enemy.
Levashov in September 1942 headed the anti-fascist Komsomol group, and then became one of the members of the headquarters of the "Young Guard" organization. Participated in the performance of combat missions. On September 13, 1943, for the valor and courage shown in the struggle against the German invaders behind enemy lines, he was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree. After the liberation of Donbass, he joined the Red Army, in the ranks of which he fought until the end of the war. In the post-war period, he graduated from the Military-Political Academy. VI Lenin, served in the Navy - in political and teaching positions. He died on July 10, 2001.
The search for the partisans intensified after the Young Guards carried out a daring raid on German cars with New Year's gifts, which the underground wanted to use for their needs. On January 1, 1943, Yevgeny Moshkov and Viktor Tretyakevich were arrested, who did not manage to safely hide the bags with gifts. January 1, 1943 Until 1959, it was believed that the Molodogvardeytsev had been betrayed by Viktor Tretyakevich, a member of the Young Guard, who was pointed out by a police investigator during the 1943 trial M. Kuleshov, stating that he could not stand the torture. In 1959, the trial took place over V. Podtynny, who served in the Krasnodon police in the years, during which new circumstances of the death of the Young Guard were clarified. A special commission created after the trial established that Viktor Tretyakevich had become a victim of M. Kuleshov's slander. G. Pocheptsov, V. Gromov and M. Kuleshov were shot in Krasnodon on September 19, 1943 by the judgment of the Military Tribunal. 1959 were shot on September 19, 1943
"Young guard". A.A. Fadeev's novel, written in 1945.
Picture 50 from the presentation "Battle of Moscow" to history lessons on the topic "Battle of Moscow"
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"Hero City Tula" - Hero City. In 1779, a regular plan for the development of Tula was adopted. Folk crafts. Light comes from the furnace, From the blade of the blade ... On October 24, the heroic defense of Tula began. In 1777, the Tula province was formed as part of 12 counties. Defense of Tula. The entire population rose to defense. Pages of the Tula history.
"Novgorod - the city of military glory" - German plane over Novgorod. Oral magazine "Veliky Novgorod - the city of military glory". Ceremony of presenting the honorary title "City of Military Glory" to Veliky Novgorod. Page three. German knights. Velikiy Novgorod. City after liberation. Novgorod during the Great Patriotic War August 1941 - January 20, 1944
"Liberation of Voronezh" - Prospect of the Revolution. Koltsovsky square. The bread was brought. 1941. The building of the Agricultural Institute after the liberation of Voronezh. Sandy Log. Homecoming. Voronezh is liberated. Meeting of the winners. Fight at the tram line. Berlin is taken. 1945. Not a step back. The tanks are coming. A letter from the front. House of Pioneers. Woe to mothers. Nikitin Square.
"Minsk is a hero city" - During its existence, Minsk was destroyed more than 10 times. Minsk was liberated by Soviet troops on July 3, 1944. In 1922, a state and university library was created at the university. Shinkevich Lyubov 9 "G" class. Minsk is a hero city. The German repressive organs several times inflicted sensitive shock on the underground.
"Hero City" - Brest - Hero City Brest Fortress. Kerch is a hero city. Savarets Dasha, Plotnikova Nastya, Sazonova Katya, Krutilina Nastya 5th grade B, school 1301. Minsk is a hero city. Sevastopol is a hero city. Leningrad is a hero city. Tula is a hero city. Moscow is a hero city. Odessa is a hero city. Kiev is a hero city.
There are 12 presentations in total
I arrived in Krasnodon on the morning of May 8 to meet some good people there and discuss humanitarian matters. But the realities of Novorossiya have made their own adjustments, namely, there has been a global drop in communications. Neither local nor Russian numbers were called from about 5 pm on May 7th until noon on 8th. At least it was at 5 pm on the 7th that I started calling alonso_kexano , but could not get through.
On the 8th I met Vera, who was coming from Moscow, in Krasnodon odinokiy_orc , who carried banners for the May 9th parade in Stakhanov and vitamins for her veteran grandfather. They did not manage to agree on the exact meeting place, so for some time I made circles around Krasnodon, trying to find some way to get through. However, we met well at the bus station. To get in touch with e_m_rogov , with whom it was also planned to meet and devirtualize, there was no opportunity. Therefore, we went to the Museum of the Young Guard, and then walked to mine number 5, the same one where the Young Guard were executed.
Krasnodon is the first large settlement after the border. Now he is relatively in the rear. But all the same, war is war, and the comparative prosperity of Krasnodon does not at all mean that people there are not afraid of war or do not experience problems due to the lack of salaries and pensions. Museum staff work on enthusiasm without receiving salaries. Our guide mentioned that she was afraid of bombing from aircraft, according to her, it was much worse than even artillery.
The impressive Red Banner flies over the central square of the city.
It is huge, and, I believe, judging by the clearly visible seams, self-stitched. In general, in Novorossia before May 9, there were a considerable number of precisely red flags. Apparently, when there is no way to raise the banner of Victory, they just hang out a red banner. However, as my friend Roman from Stakhanov said, "we miss the red banners here." They symbolize not only Victory, but are also associated with the good times for Donbass, the USSR, when the region flourished and was part of a single power with the RSFSR.
Museum and its surroundings 
In front of the Museum of the Young Guard, we came across the house of Oleg Koshevoy 
Commemorative plaque 
Busts of the Young Guard 
We walked along the alley with monuments to them and Fadeev, who wrote the novel 
And went out to the museum itself 
There I photographed the exhibition of children's drawings by May 9 
Here is a whole allegory of the revived history of the Second World War 
And here the child drew more from the stories of his brother or father than his grandfather-great-grandfather. What to do, they also had to fight, defending their native land 
The inscription is in Ukrainian, as the children of the Russian Krasnodon were taught in schools in Ukraine, and this did not stop the local authorities from sending the drawing to the exhibition 
The museum itself, despite the war, works. Although the collections were packed in case of need to evacuate.
Parents of the Young Guard 
I was especially interested in the portrait of the Knight of St. George - the father of Ulyana Gromova 
Prehistory. The lands of the modern LPR - the Cossack region, the territory of the Donskoy army 
The first mines in Krasnodon, their life and revolution 1917 
Life of a mining town in the 30s. Stakhanov movement 
Childhood 
Komsomol tickets? 
School years of the future Young Guard 
School essay 
War 
Specially for tarkhil
photographed medical instruments 
Field radio 
The workers of Krasnodon, who tried to sabotage work for Germany, and were brutally executed for this by the punishers (they were buried alive in the ground), which some future Young Guard witnessed 
Camps and work in Germany, where residents of Krasnodon were taken away 
Life during the occupation 
Young guard 
Oath. According to the guide, Krasnodon militias slightly altered the text to suit modern realities, and pronounced it like an oath. 
Arson by the Young Guard of the Labor Exchange building, which saved many people from being hijacked to Germany 
Banners raised in Krasnodon on the anniversary of the Great October Revolution 
Amateur club where the Young Guard held their meetings 
Preserved entourage and costumes 
Lyubov Shevtsova's dress 
Suicide Letters 
Arrest 
On the left is a photograph of a prison (or rather, not even an adequate prison, but a bathhouse adapted for it, not really heated, and in January, when the Young Guards were arrested, extremely uncomfortable)
Camera 
The interrogation room, or rather, the torture room 
The noose is presented because one of the tortures was to simulate hanging. The person was hanged, he began to choke, he was removed, brought to life, offered to confess and repeated the procedure as a result of the refusal.
Lyuba Shevtsova, shot by one of the last Young Guard. They wanted to execute her with a bullet in the back of the head, but she did not want to kneel down, so she was shot in the face. 
Mine No. 5 is the place of execution of the main group. Personal belongings by which relatives identified the deceased children
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