Erysipelas have been known to people since ancient times. Description of skin pathology was found in the works of ancient Greek authors.
The causative agent of pathology, group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, was isolated in 1882. Erysipelas is a skin infection characterized by symptoms of intoxication, fever, the appearance of red inflammatory foci on the epidermis and mucous membranes.
The complication of the disease is characterized by severe infectious lesions of soft tissues, which are rapidly progressing, accompanied by severe intoxication of the body.
Erysipelas or erysipelas is a serious infectious disease, the external manifestations of which are damage (inflammation) of the skin of a hemorrhagic nature, fever and endotoxicosis.
The name of the disease comes from the French word rouge, which translates as “red.” Erysipelas is a very common infectious disease, ranking 4th according to statistics, second only to SARS, intestinal infections and infectious hepatitis.
Erysipelas is most often diagnosed in patients of older age groups. At the age of 20 to 30 years, erysipelas mainly affects men, whose professional activities are associated with frequent microtraumatization and contamination of the skin, as well as with sudden changes in temperature.
These are drivers, loaders, builders, military, etc. In the older age group, most of the patients are women. Localization of erysipelas is quite typical - in most cases, inflammation develops on the skin of the upper and lower extremities, less often on the face, even less often on the trunk, in the perineum and on the genitals.
All these inflammations are clearly visible to others and cause the patient a feeling of acute psychological discomfort. Erysipelas is ubiquitous.
Its incidence in various climatic zones of our country is 12-20 cases per 10 thousand population per year.
Currently, the percentage of erysipelas in newborns has significantly decreased, although earlier this disease had a very high mortality rate.
Causes of pathology
The site provides background information. Adequate diagnosis and treatment of the disease is possible under the supervision of a conscientious physician.
Streptococcus
- Destroy (dissolve) the cells of the human body;
- They stimulate T-lymphocytes and endothelial cells to produce an excess amount of cytokines - substances that trigger the body's inflammatory response. Its manifestations: severe fever and blood flow to the site of injury, pain;
- Reduce the level of antistreptococcal antibodies in the blood serum, which prevents the immune system from overcoming the disease;
- Destroy hyaluric acid, which is the basis of connective tissue. This property helps the pathogen to spread in the body;
- Leukocytes affect immune cells, disrupting their ability to phagocytosis (capture and digestion) of bacteria;
- Suppress the production of antibodies needed to fight bacteria
- Immune vascular damage. Toxins cause an inadequate immune response. Immune cells take the walls of blood vessels for bacteria and attack them. Other tissues of the body also suffer from immune aggression: joints, heart valves.
- Cause vasodilation and increase their permeability. The walls of the vessels pass a lot of fluid, which leads to tissue edema.
Streptococci are extremely volatile, so lymphocytes and antibodies cannot “remember” them and provide immunity. This feature of bacteria causes frequent recurrences of streptococcal infections.
Skin properties
- Skin damage:
- bites of animals and insects;
- cuts and abrasions;
- ulcers and bedsores;
- umbilical wound in newborns;
- venous catheters and injection sites.
Erysipelas or erysipelas is a common infectious-allergic disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, prone to relapse. It is caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus.
The name of the disease comes from the French word rouge and means red. This term indicates the external manifestation of the disease: a red edematous area forms on the body, separated from healthy skin by a raised roller.
Erysipelas occupies the 4th place among infectious diseases, second only to respiratory and intestinal diseases, as well as hepatitis. The incidence is 12-20 cases per 10,000 population.
The number of patients increases in summer and autumn. The number of relapses over the past 20 years has increased by 25%.
Erysipelas or erysipelas- a common infectious-allergic disease of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, prone to relapse. It is caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. The name of the disease comes from the French word rouge and means red. This term indicates the external manifestation of the disease: a red edematous area forms on the body, separated from healthy skin by a raised roller.
Statistics and facts
Erysipelas takes the 4th place among infectious diseases, second only to respiratory and intestinal diseases, as well as hepatitis. The incidence is 12-20 cases per 10,000 population. The number of patients increases in summer and autumn.The number of relapses over the past 20 years has increased by 25%. 10% of people experience a second episode of erysipelas within 6 months, 30% within 3 years. Repeated erysipelas in 10% of cases ends with lymphostasis and elephantiasis.
Doctors note an alarming trend. If in the 70s the number of severe forms of erysipelas did not exceed 30%, today there are more than 80% of such cases. At the same time, the number of mild forms has decreased, and the period of fever now lasts longer.
30% of cases of erysipelas are associated with impaired blood and lymph flow in the lower extremities, with varicose veins, thrombophlebitis of lymphovenous insufficiency.
Mortality from complications caused by erysipelas (sepsis, gangrene, pneumonia) reaches 5%.
Who is more likely to suffer from erysipelas?
- The disease affects people of all age groups. But the majority of patients (over 60%) are women over 50 years of age.
- There is also erysipelas in infants when streptococcus enters the umbilical wound.
- There is evidence that people with the third blood group are most susceptible to erysipelas.
- Erysipelas is a disease of civilized countries. On the African continent and in South Asia, people get sick extremely rarely.
With a favorable course of the disease and proper treatment, the symptoms subside on the fifth day. Full recovery occurs in 10-14 days.
It is interesting that erysipelas, although it is an infectious disease, is successfully treated by traditional healers. Qualified doctors recognize this fact, but with the proviso that only uncomplicated erysipelas can be treated with folk methods. Traditional medicine explains this phenomenon by the fact that conspiracies are a kind of psychotherapy that relieves stress - one of the predisposing factors in the development of erysipelas.
The structure of the skin and the functioning of the immune system
Leather- a complex multilayer organ that protects the body from environmental factors: microorganisms, temperature fluctuations, chemicals, radiation. In addition, the skin performs other functions: gas exchange, respiration, thermoregulation, release of toxins.Skin structure:
- epidermis - superficial layer of the skin. The stratum corneum of the epidermis is keratinized cells of the epidermis, covered with a thin layer of sebum. This is a reliable protection against pathogenic bacteria and chemicals. Under the stratum corneum are 4 more layers of the epidermis: shiny, granular, spiny and basal. They are responsible for skin renewal and healing of minor injuries.
- The actual skin or dermis- the layer below the epidermis. It is he who suffers most from erysipelas. The dermis contains:
- blood and lymph capillaries,
- sweat and sebaceous glands,
- hair bags with hair follicles;
- connective and smooth muscle fibers.
- Subcutaneous adipose tissue. Lies deeper than the dermis. It is a loosely located connective tissue fibers, and accumulations of fat cells between them.
The work of the immune system
The immune system includes:
- Organs: bone marrow, thymus, tonsils, spleen, Peyer's patches in the intestine, lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels,
- immune cells: lymphocytes, leukocytes, phagocytes, mast cells, eosinophils, natural killers. It is believed that the total mass of these cells reaches 10% of body weight.
- protein molecules– antibodies must detect recognize and destroy the enemy. They differ in structure and function: igG, igA, igM, igD, IgE.
- Chemical substances: lysozyme, hydrochloric acid, fatty acids, eicosanoids, cytokines. Friendly microorganisms (commercial microbes) that inhabit the skin, mucous membranes, and intestines. Their function is to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria.
- Lymphocytes, or rather their receptors - immunoglobulins, recognize the bacterium.
- react to the presence of bacteria T-helpers. They actively divide, secrete cytokines.
- Cytokines activate the work of leukocytes, namely phagocytes and T-killers, designed to kill bacteria.
- B cells make antibodies specific to a given organism that neutralize foreign particles (areas of destroyed bacteria, their toxins). After that, they are taken up by phagocytes.
- After the victory over the disease, special T-lymphocytes remember the enemy by his DNA. When it enters the body again, the immune system is activated quickly, before the disease has had time to develop.
Causes of erysipelas
Streptococcus
streptococci- a genus of spherical bacteria that are very widespread in nature due to their vitality. But at the same time, they do not tolerate heat very well. For example, these bacteria do not multiply at a temperature of 45 degrees. This is associated with low incidence of erysipelas in tropical countries. Erysipelas is caused by one of the varieties of bacteria - group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. This is the most dangerous of the whole family of streptococci.
If streptococcus enters the body of an immunocompromised person, then there is erysipelas, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, rheumatism, myocarditis, glomerulonephritis.
If streptococcus enters the body of a person with a strong enough immune system, then it can become a carrier. Carriage of streptococcus was detected in 15% of the population. Streptococcus is part of the microflora, lives on the skin and mucous membranes of the nasopharynx without causing disease.
Source of erysipelas infection carriers and patients of any form of streptococcal infection can become. The causative agent of the disease is transmitted through contact, household items, dirty hands and airborne droplets.
Streptococci are dangerous because they secrete toxins and enzymes: streptolysin O, hyaluronidase, nadase, pyrogenic exotoxins.
How streptococci and their toxins affect the body:
- Destroy (dissolve) the cells of the human body;
- They stimulate T-lymphocytes and endothelial cells to produce an excess amount of cytokines - substances that trigger the body's inflammatory response. Its manifestations: severe fever and blood flow to the site of injury, pain;
- Reduce the level of antistreptococcal antibodies in the blood serum, which prevents the immune system from overcoming the disease;
- Destroy hyaluric acid, which is the basis of connective tissue. This property helps the pathogen to spread in the body;
- Leukocytes affect immune cells, disrupting their ability to phagocytosis (capture and digestion) of bacteria;
- Suppress the production of antibodies needed to fight bacteria
- Immune vascular damage. Toxins cause an inadequate immune response. Immune cells take the walls of blood vessels for bacteria and attack them. Other tissues of the body also suffer from immune aggression: joints, heart valves.
- Cause vasodilation and increase their permeability. The walls of the vessels pass a lot of fluid, which leads to tissue edema.
Skin properties
State of immunity
Streptococcus is very common in the environment, and every person encounters it daily. In 15-20% of the population, he constantly lives in the tonsils, sinuses, cavities of carious teeth. But if the immune system is able to restrain the reproduction of bacteria, then the disease does not develop. When something undermines the body's defenses, the bacteria multiply, and a streptococcal infection begins. Factors that suppress the immune defense of the body:
- Taking medications that suppress the immune system:
- steroid hormones;
- cytostatics;
- chemotherapy drugs.
- Metabolic diseases:
- Diseases associated with changes in blood composition:
- elevated cholesterol.
- Diseases of the immune system
- hypercytokinemia;
- severe combined immunodeficiency.
- Malignant neoplasms
- Chronic diseases of ENT organs:
- Exhaustion as a result
- lack of sleep;
- malnutrition;
- stress;
- vitamin deficiency.
- Bad habits
- addiction;
- entry gate for infection - skin damage;
- violation of blood and lymph circulation;
- decrease in general immunity;
- hypersensitivity to streptococcal antigens (toxins and cell wall particles).
- Leg. Erysipelas on the legs can be the result of a fungal infection of the feet, calluses, and injuries. Streptococci penetrate through skin lesions and multiply in the lymphatic vessels of the leg. The development of erysipelas is facilitated by diseases that cause circulatory disorders: obliterating atherosclerosis, thrombophlebitis, varicose veins.
- Hand. Erysipelatous inflammation occurs in men aged 20-35 due to intravenous drug administration. Streptococci penetrate the skin lesions at the injection site. In women, the disease is associated with the removal of the mammary gland and stagnation of lymph in the arm.
- Face. With streptococcal conjunctivitis, erysipelas develops around the orbit. With otitis media, the skin of the auricle, scalp and neck becomes inflamed. The defeat of the nose and cheeks (like a butterfly) is associated with streptococcal infection in the sinuses or boils. Erysipelas on the face is always accompanied by severe pain and swelling.
- Torso. Erysipelatous inflammation occurs around surgical sutures when patients do not comply with asepsis or through the fault of medical personnel. In newborns, streptococcus can penetrate the umbilical wound. In this case, the erysipelas proceeds very hard.
- Crotch. The area around the anus, scrotum (in men) and labia majora (in women). Erysipelatous inflammation occurs at the site of scuffs, diaper rash, scratching. Particularly severe forms with damage to the internal genital organs occur in parturient women.
Symptoms of erysipelas, photo.
Erysipelas begins acutely. As a rule, a person can even indicate the time when the first symptoms of the disease appeared.
Complicated forms of erysipelas.Against the background of reddened edematous skin may appear:
- hemorrhages- this is a consequence of damage to blood vessels and the release of blood into the intercellular space (erythematous-hemorrhagic form);
- Bubbles filled with transparent content. The first days they are small, but can increase and merge with each other (erythematous-bullous form).
- Blisters filled with bloody or purulent contents surrounded by hemorrhages (bullous-hemorrhagic form).
Such forms are more severe and often cause relapses of the disease. Repeated manifestations of erysipelas may appear in the same place or in other areas of the skin.
Diagnosis of erysipelas
Which doctor should I contact if symptoms of erysipelas appear?
When the first signs of the disease appear on the skin, they turn to a dermatologist. He will make a diagnosis and, if necessary, refer you to other specialists involved in the treatment of erysipelas: an infectious disease specialist, a general practitioner, a surgeon, an immunologist.At the doctor's appointment
InterviewIn order to correctly diagnose and prescribe effective treatment, a specialist must distinguish erysipelas from other diseases with similar symptoms: abscess, phlegmon, thrombophlebitis.
The doctor will ask the following questions The doctor will ask the following questions:
- How long ago did the first symptoms appear?
- Was the onset acute or did the symptoms develop gradually? When did the manifestations appear on the skin, before or after the temperature increase?
- How fast does inflammation spread?
- What sensations arise at the site of injury?
- How pronounced is intoxication, is there general weakness, headache, chills, nausea?
- Has the temperature risen?
On examination, the doctor discovers characteristic signs of erysipelas:
- the skin is hot, dense, smooth;
- redness is uniform, against its background, hemorrhages and blisters are possible;
- uneven edges are clearly defined, have a marginal roller;
- the surface of the skin is clean, not covered with nodules, crusts and skin scales;
- pain on palpation, no severe pain at rest;
- pains mainly along the edge of the focus of inflammation, in the center the skin is less painful;
- nearby lymph nodes are enlarged, soldered to the skin and painful. A pale pink path stretches from the lymph nodes to the inflamed area in the direction of the lymph - an inflamed lymphatic vessel;
- the total and relative number of T-lymphocytes is reduced, which indicates the suppression of the immune system by streptococci;
- increased SOE (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) - evidence of an inflammatory process;
- the number of neutrophils is increased, which indicates an allergic reaction.
With erysipelas, a bacteriological examination is prescribed to determine which pathogen caused the disease and to which antibiotics it is most sensitive. This information should help the doctor choose the most effective treatment.
However, in practice, such a study is not very informative. Only in 25% of cases it is possible to establish the pathogen. Doctors attribute this to the fact that antibiotic treatment quickly stops the growth of streptococcus. A number of scientists believe that bacteriological examination in erysipelas is inappropriate.
Material for bacteriological examination from the tissue is taken if there are difficulties in establishing the diagnosis. Examine the contents of wounds and ulcers. To do this, a clean glass slide is applied to the focus and an imprint containing bacteria is obtained, which is studied under a microscope. To study the properties of bacteria and their sensitivity to antibiotics, the obtained material is grown on special nutrient media.
Erysipelas treatment
Erysipelas requires complex therapy. Local treatment is not enough, it is necessary to take antibiotics, drugs to combat allergies and measures to strengthen the immune system.How to increase immunity?
In the treatment of erysipelas, it is very important to increase immunity. If this is not done, then the disease will return again and again. And each subsequent case of erysipelas is more difficult, more difficult to treat and often causes complications, which can lead to disability. - Identify foci of chronic infection that weaken the body. To fight the infection, you need to take a course of antibiotic therapy.
- Restore normal microflora- consume dairy products daily. Moreover, the shorter their shelf life, the more they contain live lactobacilli, which will prevent streptococci from multiplying.
- Alkaline mineral waters help to remove poisons from the body and eliminate the symptoms of intoxication. You need to drink them in small portions 2-3 sips throughout the day. During a fever, at least 3 liters of fluid should be consumed.
- Easily digestible proteins: lean meat, cheese, fish and seafood. It is recommended to use them boiled or stewed. Proteins are needed by the body to create antibodies to fight streptococci.
- Fats help the skin recover faster. Healthy fats are found in vegetable oils, fish, nuts and seeds.
- Vegetables, fruits and berries: especially carrots, pears, apples, raspberries, cranberries, currants. These products contain potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron and a complex of vitamins necessary to strengthen the immune system.
- Fight against anemia. A decrease in hemoglobin in the blood has a bad effect on immunity. In this situation, iron preparations, hematogen, apples, persimmons will help.
- Strengthening the immune system. For one month, 2 times a year, it is recommended to take natural preparations to stimulate immunity: echinacea, ginseng, rhodiola rosea, eleutherococcus, pantocrine. Other mild immunomodulators are also effective: immunofan, likopid.
- Fresh honey and perga- these bee products are rich in enzymes and chemical elements necessary for health promotion.
- UV irradiation problem areas twice a year. Sunbathing must be dosed, starting with 15 minutes a day. Daily increase the time spent in the sun by 5-10 minutes. Sunburn can provoke a recurrence of erysipelas. You can go through the UFO and in the physical room of any clinic. In this case, the radiation dose is determined by the doctor. . Be outdoors daily. Walking for 40-60 minutes a day 6 times a week provides normal physical activity. It is advisable to do gymnastics 2-3 times a week. Yoga helps a lot. It helps to increase immunity, stress resistance and improve blood circulation.
- Healthy sleep helps to restore strength. Set aside at least 8 hours a day for rest.
- Don't let overwork, hypothermia, overheating, prolonged nervous tension. Such situations reduce the protective properties of the body.
- Not recommended:
- alcohol and cigarettes;
- products containing caffeine: coffee, cola, chocolate;
- spicy and salty foods.
Treatment of erysipelas
Erysipelas is an infectious disease, so the basis of its treatment is antibiotic therapy. Antibiotics, together with antibacterial drugs of other groups, destroy the pathogen. Antihistamines help to cope with allergies to streptococcal toxins.Antibiotics
| Group of antibiotics | Mechanism of therapeutic action | Drug names | How is it prescribed |
| Penicillins They are the drug of choice. Other antibiotics are prescribed for intolerance to penicillin. | Penicillins bind to the enzymes of the cell membrane of bacteria, cause its destruction and death of the microorganism. These medicines are especially effective against bacteria that grow and multiply. The effect of the treatment is enhanced when used together with furazolidone and streptocid. | Benzylpenicillin | Injections of the drug are done intramuscularly or subcutaneously into the affected area. Having previously pinched the limb above the inflammation. The drug is administered at 250,000-500,000 IU 2 times a day. The course of treatment is from 7 days to 1 month. |
| Phenoxymethylpenicillin | The drug is taken in the form of tablets or syrup, 0.2 grams 6 times a day. With primary erysipelas within 5-7 days, with recurrent forms - 9-10 days. |
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| Bicillin-5 | Assign for the prevention of recurrence, one injection 1 time per month for 2-3 years. |
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| Tetracyclines | Tetracyclines inhibit the synthesis of the protein necessary for the construction of new bacterial cells. | Doxycycline | Take 100 mg 2 times a day after meals with a sufficient amount of liquid. |
| Levomycetins | Violate the synthesis of the protein necessary for the construction of bacterial cells. Thus, slow down the reproduction of streptococci. | Levomycetin | Apply 250-500 mg of the drug 3-4 times a day. Duration of treatment 7-14 days depending on the form of erysipelas |
| macrolides | Macrolides stop the growth and development of bacteria, and also inhibits their reproduction. In high concentrations cause the death of microorganisms. | Erythromycin | Take orally 0.25 g, 4-5 times a day one hour before meals. |
- Desensitizing (anti-allergic) drugs: tavegil, suprastin, diazolin. Take 1 tablet 2 times a day for 7-10 days. Reduce swelling and allergic reaction at the site of inflammation, contribute to the speedy resorption of the infiltrate.
- Sulfonamides: biseptol, streptocide 1 tablet 4-5 times a day. Drugs disrupt the formation of growth factors in bacterial cells.
- Nitrofurans: furazolidone, furadonin. Take 2 tablets 4 times a day. They slow down the growth and reproduction of bacteria, and in high dosages cause their death.
- Glucocorticoids with emerging lymphostasis: prednisolone, the dose of which is 30-40 mg (4-6 tablets) per day. Steroid hormones have a strong anti-allergic effect, but at the same time they significantly depress the immune system. Therefore, they can only be used as prescribed by a doctor.
- Biostimulants: methyluracil, pentoxyl. Take 1-2 tablets 3-4 times a day in courses of 15-20 days. Stimulate the formation of immune cells, accelerates the restoration (regeneration) of the skin in the damaged area.
- Multivitamin preparations: ascorutin, ascorbic acid, panhexavit. Vitamin preparations strengthen the walls of blood vessels damaged by bacteria and increase the activity of immune cells.
- Thymus preparations: thymalin, taktivin. The drug is administered intramuscularly at 5-20 mg 5-10 injections per course. They are necessary to improve the functioning of the immune system and increase the number of T-lymphocytes.
- Proteolytic Enzymes: lidase, trypsin. Daily subcutaneous injections are made to improve tissue nutrition and resorption of the infiltrate.
Treatment of the skin around the lesion
- Applications with 50% dimexide solution. A gauze pad of 6 layers is moistened with a solution and applied to the affected area, so that it captures 2 cm of healthy skin. The procedure is carried out 2 times a day for 2 hours. Dimexide anesthetizes, relieves inflammation, improves blood circulation, has an antimicrobial effect and increases the effect of antibiotic treatment.
- Enteroseptol in the form of powders. Clean, dry skin is sprinkled twice a day with powder from crushed Enteroseptol tablets. This drug causes the death of bacteria in the affected area and does not allow the attachment of other microorganisms.
- Dressings with solutions of furacilin or microcide. A bandage of 6-8 layers of gauze is abundantly moistened with a solution, covered with compress paper on top and left on the affected skin for 3 hours in the morning and evening. Solutions of these drugs have antimicrobial properties and destroy bacteria in the thickness of the skin.
- Aerosol of oxycyclosol. This remedy treats areas of erysipelas up to 20 sq.cm. The drug is sprayed, holding the balloon at a distance of 20 cm from the skin surface. You can repeat this procedure 2 times a day. This tool creates a protective film on the skin, which has an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect.
- It is forbidden to use synthomycin or ichthyol ointment, Vishnevsky liniment for the treatment of erysipelas. An ointment bandage increases inflammation and can cause an abscess.
Local hygiene for erysipelas
The patient is not dangerous to others and can be treated at home. But remember, during the period of illness, it is necessary to carefully observe the rules of personal hygiene. This contributes to a speedy recovery.- Change your underwear and bedding daily. It must be washed at a temperature not lower than 90 degrees and ironed with a hot iron.
- Clothing should provide air access to the affected area, it is advisable to leave it open. Wear clothes made from natural fabrics that prevent sweating.
- Showering is recommended daily. The site of erysipelas is gently washed with soapy water, without using a sponge or washcloth. Failure to comply with this rule may cause the attachment of another infection, since the affected area is very susceptible to bacteria and fungi.
- The water should be warm, hot baths are strictly prohibited and can cause the spread of infection throughout the body.
- After washing, do not dry the skin, but dry it gently. For this, it is better to use disposable paper towels.
- Wash the inflamed area 3 times a day with a decoction of chamomile and coltsfoot. Herbs are mixed in a 1:1 ratio. One tablespoon of the mixture is poured with a glass of hot water, heated in a water bath for 10 minutes, allowed to cool.
- At the healing stage, when peeling appears, the skin is lubricated with Kalanchoe juice or rosehip oil.
- Erysipelatous inflammation on the face or genitals 2-3 times a day can be washed with a decoction of string or calendula. These herbs have bactericidal properties and reduce the manifestations of allergies.
- UFO on the affected area with erythemal doses (until redness appears on healthy skin). Assign from the first days in parallel with antibiotics. The course of treatment is 2-12 sessions.
- High frequency magnetotherapy to the area of the adrenal glands. Radiation stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete more steroid hormones. These substances inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators. As a result, swelling, pain, and the attack of immune cells on the skin are reduced. It is also possible to reduce the allergic reaction to substances produced by bacteria. However, this method depresses the immune system, so it is prescribed at the beginning of treatment (no more than 5-7 procedures), only if autoantibodies are detected in the blood.
- Electrophoresis with potassium iodide or lidase, Ronidase. Provides lymph drainage and reduces infiltration. Assign 5-7 days after the start of treatment. The course consists of 7-10 procedures.
- UHF. It warms the tissues, improves their blood supply and relieves inflammation. Treatment is prescribed for 5-7 days of illness. 5-10 sessions are needed.
- Infrared laser therapy. It activates protective processes in cells, improves tissue nutrition, accelerates local blood circulation, eliminates edema and increases the activity of immune cells. Appointed in the recovery phase. Promotes the healing of ulcers in complicated erysipelas.
- Applications with warm paraffin applied 5-7 days after the onset of the disease. They improve tissue nutrition, contribute to the disappearance of residual effects. For the prevention of relapses, repeated courses of physiotherapy after 3, 6 and 12 months are recommended.
Prevention of erysipelas
- Treat foci of chronic inflammation in a timely manner. They weaken the immune system and from them bacteria can spread through the circulatory system and cause erysipelas.
- Observe personal hygiene. Take a shower at least once a day. A contrast shower is recommended. Alternate warm and cool water 3-5 times. Gradually increase the temperature difference.
- Use soap or shower gel with pH less than 7. It is desirable that it contains lactic acid. This helps to create a protective layer on the skin with an acidic reaction that is detrimental to fungi and pathogenic bacteria. Washing too often and using alkaline soap robs the body of this protection.
- Avoid rashes. In skin folds where the skin is constantly moist, use baby powder.
- Massage if possible, take massage courses 2 times a year. This is especially true for people with impaired blood circulation and lymph movement.
- Treat skin lesions with antiseptics: hydrogen peroxide, iodicyrin. These products do not stain the skin and can be used on exposed areas of the body.
- Treat fungal infections of the feet in a timely manner. They often become the entrance gate for infections.
- Sunburn, diaper rash, chapping and frostbite reduce the local immunity of the skin. For their treatment, use Panthenol spray or Pantestin, Bepanten ointments.
- Trophic ulcers and scars can be lubricated with camphor oil 2 times a day.
- Wear loose clothing. It should absorb moisture well, allow air to pass through and not rub the skin.
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When a doctor makes a diagnosis of erysipelas, antibiotic treatment becomes a priority in the fight against an infectious disease.
According to statistics, among the common infectious pathologies, erysipelas ranks 4th after acute respiratory diseases, infections of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatitis.
Erysipelas is an infectious inflammation of the skin, less often mucous membranes. More often it appears as a result of infection with group A streptococcus by direct contact (cracks, abrasions, wounds, bruises, inflammation of the skin). The disease worsens after exposure to provoking factors, for example, when the immune system is weakened.
Erysipelas can be affected by any area of the skin. Frequent cases are erysipelas of the legs and arms, less often of the head and face. Erysipelas on the leg (feet, shins) leads to impaired lymphatic flow ("elephantiasis"), purulent inflammation of the skin and is more likely to relapse.
The most effective method of preventing erysipelas on the leg and other areas of the skin is to follow the rules of personal hygiene.
When infected, in the treatment of infectious inflammation, antibiotics are used that destroy pathogenic microorganisms (the cause of the disease) and prevent their spread.
Antibacterial therapy
Erysipelas is a serious disease caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes. Treatment of erysipelas on the legs or elsewhere begins with antibiotics. The course of antibiotic therapy is calculated depending on the severity of the disease, the lesion, the antibacterial drug, and the tolerance of the drug to patients. After the start of taking antibiotics, there is a decrease in signs of erysipelas of the skin and the temperature normalizes. Drugs must be taken after a certain period of time.
For the treatment of primary erysipelas, antibacterial drugs of the 1st-2nd generation are used. With recurrent erysipelas, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics that are not used in the treatment of previous relapses is recommended. In a polyclinic, drugs are taken orally; in hospital treatment, parenteral administration is indicated. For the treatment of patients with erysipelas, penicillins and cephalosporins are used.
Means of the penicillin series
They are the first effective drugs against serious diseases. The mechanism of action of penicillin is in contact with the enzyme membrane of the bacterium and the subsequent destruction of streptococcus.
1. Benzylpenicillin (sodium and potassium salts) is injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously into the lesion of erysipelas. The antibiotic is rapidly absorbed from the injection site into the blood and is well distributed in biological fluids and tissues. The course of treatment is calculated from 7 days to a month. 2. Benzathine benzylpenicillin (bicillin, benzicillin, retarpen, extencillin) is prescribed for the prevention of recurrent erysipelas once a month for three years. 3. Phenoxymethylpenicillin (v-penicillin slovakofarm, ospen, ospen 750) is taken orally in tablet or liquid form. The duration of treatment ranges from 5 (primary inflammation) to 10 days (relapse). 
Preparations of the natural subgroup of penicillin do not create high concentrations in the blood. They are indicated for mild to moderate erysipelas.
Use of cephalosporins
Antibiotics of this class have high bactericidal activity and low toxicity.
1. Preparations for oral administration:
cephalexin (keflex, ospexin, palettex, solexin, felexin, cefaklen); cefuroxime, cefaclor (alfacet, vercef, ceclor); cefixime (iksim, panzef, supraks, ceforal, cefspan); ceftibuten (cedex).
2. Preparations for parenteral administration:
ceftriaxone (biotraxone, ificef, lendacin, longacef, oframax, rocefin, torocef, troxon, forcef, cefaxone, cefathrin, ceftriabol); cefepime (Maxipim); cefotaxime (duatax, intrataxim, kefotex, klaforan, liforan, oritaxime, talcef, cetax, cefosin, ceftax); cefuroxime (aksetin, zinacef, ketocef, multisef, supero, cefuxime, cefurabol, zinnat); cefazolin (ancef, zolin, kefzol, nacef, oryzolin, orpin, cesolin, cefaprim, cefopride); ceftazidime (biotum, vicef, kefadim, mirocef, tizim, fortazim, fortum, cefazid, ceftidine); cefoperazone (dardum, operaz, sulperazone, ceperone, cefoperus).
In destructive forms of erysipelas, in addition to streptococci, other pathogenic bacteria are often involved - staphylococcus aureus, enterobacteria.
If the course of the disease is complicated, antibiotics of a higher generation, for example, drugs of the class of macrolides and fluoroquinols, should be included in the treatment.
Macrolide preparations
Antibacterial drugs of this group have a bacteriostatic effect, and in increased dosages and bactericidal. Macrolides disrupt protein synthesis in the microbial cell, stop the growth and development of bacteria, which leads to their death.
The macrolide group of drugs includes the following drugs:
1. Erythromycin (sinerit, eomycin, ermitsed) - the drug is taken with erysipelas orally (one hour before meals) or intravenously diluted in an isotonic solution. In children older than 1 month, rectal administration is possible. Erythromycin can be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding. 2. Clarithromycin (clabax, clacid, kriksan, fromilid) - oral administration or intravenous administration with dilution. Unlike erythromycin, the antibiotic is not used in children under six months of age, during pregnancy and lactation. 3. Azithromycin (azivok, azitrocin, zimax, zitrolite, sumazid, sumamed) is taken orally one hour before meals once a day. Unlike erythromycin, it is better tolerated, a short course of treatment (3-5 days) is possible. 4. Spiramycin (rovamycin) - a natural antibiotic for oral or intravenous administration with dilution in isotonic solution and glucose. It is used against streptococci resistant to erythromycin. 5. Josamycin (Vilprafen) and midecamycin (Macropen) - antibiotic tablets for oral administration, are contraindicated in breastfeeding.
The use of fluoroquinols
Antibiotics of the fluoroquinol class have antimicrobial activity and bactericidal activity (destroy the DNA of bacteria). The drugs in this group include:
1. Ciprofloxacin (alcipro, basigen, zindoline, microflox, nircip, tsiprolet, tsipromed, tsifran, ecotsifol) are used orally, intravenously. It acts on bacteria both during reproduction and at rest. 2. Pefloxacin (Abactal, Peflacin, Uniclef) is used orally and intravenously by slow infusion.
Tetracycline group
This group of antibiotics has a bacteriostatic effect on streptococci in the treatment of erysipelas. They inhibit the synthesis of the protein necessary for the construction of new bacterial cells. The tetracycline group of antibiotics includes:
1. Tetracycline is taken orally (an hour before meals) and topically, on areas of skin affected by erysipelas. 2. Doxycycline (bassado, vibramycin, doxal, doxilan, xedocin, unidox) is used orally or intravenously.
Appointment of chloramphenicol
The antibiotic interferes with the synthesis of the protein necessary for the construction of bacterial cells. It is used orally, the duration of therapy is 7-14 days, depending on the form of erysipelas. For local treatment, it is used as part of ointment dressings.
To increase the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy and reduce the manifestations of allergic reactions in the field of medicine, the following are increasingly prescribed:
1. Lymphotropic (endolymphatic) administration of antibiotics by draining the lymphatic current at the back of the foot, attaching an intravenous system and placing a catheter for medication. 2. Combination with enzyme therapy. Enzyme preparations (wobenzym) reduce toxicity and side effects, increase the concentration of antibiotics in the focus of inflammation.
With erysipelas, early diagnosis and proper therapy are very important. Do not forget that with the diagnosis of "erysipelas" treatment with antibiotics is necessary. The result of the destruction of pathogenic bacteria is evaluated by visual examinations and special analyses.
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Erysipelas is an infectious disease of the skin, mucous membranes, and lymphatic system caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus.
Etiotropic therapy
In the treatment of streptococcal skin lesions, preference is given to drugs with a bactericidal effect.
Penicillins, sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones have maximum activity against beta-hemolytic streptococci.
In mild forms of erysipelas, macrolides and lincosamides are used.
Penicillins
Benzylpenicillin
The "gold standard" of treatment.
Natural penicillins have a pronounced bactericidal effect on the streptococcal flora. They have low toxicity and affordable cost. 
Used intramuscularly. Not effective when taken orally (destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract).
Adults are prescribed 500 thousand units up to six times a day, for up to 10 days, with mild erysipelas. With inflammation of moderate severity, 1 million units are administered four times a day, in case of a severe course of the disease, the daily dose can be increased to 12 million units.
Children are injected with 50-100 thousand units / kg of body weight, divided into four injections.
Benzylpenicillin salts are used:
sodium; potassium; novocaine.
At the end of treatment, Bitsillin-5 is administered intramuscularly once.
In the presence of complications and frequent relapses of streptococcal infection (as a rule, erysipelas of the lower leg, which occurs 3 or more times a year), the drug is used for six months once a month.
Flaws
The disadvantages of natural penicillins include the frequent occurrence of cross-allergic reactions, local irritant action (rash and itching at the injection site). When prescribing high dosages in children, seizures may occur. Natural penicillins are not prescribed simultaneously with sulfonamide preparations and allopurinol. Benzylpenicillin is not recommended for use in patients with renal or cardiac insufficiency. With the introduction of potassium salt, electrolyte disturbances (hyperkalemia), severe arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest may occur. Sodium salt causes violations of myocardial contractility, provokes edema. If the technique of administration (getting into the vessel) of novocaine salt is not observed, ischemia and gangrene of the limb may develop. To achieve a quick effect from the prescribed therapy, penicillin antibiotics for severe erysipelas of the leg are combined with aminoglycosides, macrolides, and chloramphenicol.
Phenoxymethylpenicillin (Megacillin)
Available in the form of tablets, effective when taken orally. 
It has a predominantly antibacterial and bacteriostatic effect. It is used for mild erysipelas of the arm.
Side effects include dyspeptic disorders and individual intolerance to the drug.
It is prescribed with caution to patients with bronchial asthma.
The effectiveness of the application is enhanced when combined with nitrofuran derivatives (Furazolidone).
Amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin, Amoxiclav)
It is prescribed 1 g twice a day for adults.
Children up to 20-40 mg / kg, the daily dose is divided into three doses.
Elderly people are at risk of toxic liver damage. There are side effects from the gastrointestinal tract (vomiting, nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea).
macrolides
They create a high concentration in the tissues, which makes them effective in the treatment of infectious lesions of the skin. The recommended course of treatment is 7-10 days.
| Name of the drug | adults | children |
| Erythromycin | 250-500 mg 4 times a day. | 40-50 mg/kg in four divided doses. With the on / in the introduction of 30 mg / kg. |
| Azithromycin (Sumamed). | 1st day 500 mg, then 4 days 250 mg in one dose. For severe infections 500 mg for up to ten days. |
10 mg/kg on the first day, then 5 mg/kg. |
| Spiramycin (Rovamycin). | 3,000,000 IU twice a day | With a weight of more than 20 kg, 1,500,000 units are prescribed for every 10 kg of weight, divided into 2 doses. |
| Roxithromycin (Rulid). | 150 mg 2 times a day. | 5-8 mg/kg in two divided doses. |
| Josamycin Vilprafen). | 500 mg three times a day | 30-50 mg/kg in 3 doses. |
The drugs are usually well tolerated by patients, have low toxicity, rarely provoke allergic reactions and dyspeptic disorders.
These antibiotics are prescribed for mild to moderate erysipelas of the skin on the legs, individual intolerance to penicillins.
Lincosamides
They have a limited spectrum of bacteriostatic activity. Effective for streptoderma.
Practically do not give allergic reactions, but can lead to antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
Combines well with aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones.
Adults are prescribed 300-450 mg four times a day, children up to 25 mg / kg, divided by 3-4 times.
Aminoglycosides
They have high synergism with penicillins, their combination is used for bullous inflammation of the lower leg.
Virtually ineffective when taken orally. Recommended intramuscular injection, with the simultaneous appointment of Megacillin or Augmentin in tablet form
Due to the high toxicity, the calculation of the dosage of aminoglycosides is carried out taking into account the patient's weight.
For the elderly, minimal dosages are used, since they have an age-related decrease in the filtration function of the kidneys.
Gentamicin administered 3-5 mg/kg once.
Treatment is carried out under the control of creatinine levels.
Cephalosporins
The third (Ceftriaxone) and fourth (Cefepime) generations have the maximum efficiency.
They are well tolerated by patients, have low toxicity, are approved for use in patients with renal insufficiency and pregnant women. Not prescribed for concomitant diseases of the biliary tract.
Ceftriaxone and Cefepime are prescribed: for adults, 1 g twice a day, for children, 50-70 mg / kg in 2 injections parenterally.
Sulfonamides
Only preparations of Co-trimoxazole (Biseptol) are used.
They are well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Effective when taken orally. Used for mild erythematous inflammation of the hand.
Antibiotics of this series are highly toxic, often causing allergic reactions and dyspeptic disorders. May lead to hyperkalemia in patients with kidney and cardiovascular disease.
Adults are prescribed 960 mg twice a day.
Children: 6-8 mg/kg in two divided doses.
Fluoroquinolones
In the treatment of infections of the skin and soft tissues, quinolones of the second (Ciprofloxacin) and third (Levofloxacin) generation are used.
They are rarely prescribed, due to the large number of side effects (reserve drugs for penicillin-resistant strains).
These drugs can cause drug photosensitivity, tendon inflammation, and ventricular arrhythmias.
Do not use simultaneously with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (high neurotoxicity, provoke convulsions).
What antibiotics can be taken by pregnant women with erysipelas of the leg?
Penicillin preparations are most effective.
In the presence of their individual intolerance, macrolides are prescribed (Eritomycin, Josamycin). For the treatment of severe forms of erysipelas, a combination of tablet forms of macrolides with parenteral administration of cephalosporins is used.
Complementary Therapies
With erysipelas of the leg, bed rest is mandatory for the entire period of treatment.
The affected limb is given an elevated position to reduce swelling and reduce pain.
In order to normalize the temperature, reduce swelling and pain syndrome, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Diclofenac, Nimesulide, Ibuprofen) are used.
NSAIDs are contraindicated in hemorrhagic erysipelas.
To reduce itching, burning and stabilize the permeability of the vascular wall, antihistamine therapy is prescribed: Loratadin, Cetirizine, Diazolin. Under the control of a coagulogram, heparin, warfarin, pentoxifylline are used to improve microcirculation and rheological properties of blood. In severe cases, bullous-hemorrhagic form and frequent relapses with the formation of lymphostasis (elephantiasis of the limb), glucocorticosteroids (prednisolone, dexamethasone) are prescribed. With the development of local complications (abscesses, phlebitis, phlegmon), as well as severe bullous form (confluent, large blisters, deep erosion), surgical treatment is recommended.
Blisters are opened, necrotic areas of tissues are excised, bandages with liquid antiseptics are applied.
In the acute period of the disease, it is forbidden to use Vishnevsky ointment, ichthyol and antibacterial ointments.
In the presence of weeping ulcers and erosions, antiseptic dressings are applied with solutions of 0.02% furacilin, 0.05% chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide.
To normalize microcirculation and lymph drainage, physiotherapeutic procedures are used (suberythemal dosages of UVR and laser therapy).
After the end of the course of antibiotic therapy, B vitamins and probiotics are prescribed to restore the intestinal microflora.
With erysipelas of the lower leg, after removing the acute process, it is recommended to wear elastic stockings to reduce venous and lymphatic stagnation.
Classification
Local manifestations of erysipelas can be:
erythematous (redness, burning and swelling); erythematous-bullous (the appearance of vesicles with transparent contents); erythematous-hemorrhagic (against the background of hyperemia, small-point hemorrhages stand out); bullous-hemorrhagic (drain blisters with hemorrhagic contents).
The inflammatory process develops acutely and proceeds with symptoms of severe intoxication, chills, fever, and an increase in regional lymph nodes.
Characteristic: a sharp limitation of the focus of hyperemia according to the type of "tongues of flame", its swelling and soreness.
Favorite localizations of erysipelas are:
Face (primary process); Upper and lower limbs (relapses and repeated erysipelas); Mammary glands, perineum and trunk.
Features of streptococcal infections of the skin and soft tissues
Healthy skin has a natural defense against pathogens. This is ensured by its acidic pH, constant exfoliation of dead cells, bactericidal properties of polyunsaturated fatty acids and antagonistic properties of normal microflora, which prevents bacteria from multiplying.
Reduced immunity, hormonal imbalance, the presence of a focus of chronic infection in the body, permanent damage to the skin lead to a violation of its barrier properties and the occurrence of an inflammatory process, usually associated with staphylo and streptococcal flora.
With streptoderma, it is necessary to immediately prescribe systemic antibiotic therapy, local treatment is not effective.
Unlike staphylococci that infect hair follicles, streptococci act directly on the skin, have a tendency to spread rapidly and involve the lymphatic system in the process. Often recurrent erysipelas leads to a violation of the outflow of lymph and the occurrence of elephantiasis.
Erysipelas is a dangerous disease caused by group A streptococcus. It is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membranes and skin. It most often affects women over 40 years of age.
Streptococcus secretes enzymes and toxins that act on human tissues, thereby causing skin inflammation, most often on the face, and less often on the legs and arms.
In most cases, treatment is with antibiotic therapy. In this article, we will consider the main antibiotics used for erysipelas, and the features of their use.
Treatment of this unpleasant disease occurs with the help of immunostimulating drugs and antibiotic therapy. At the moment, there is a wide variety of antibiotics that can fight streptococcus.
With an incorrectly chosen antibiotic therapy, the body is poisoned, but the causative agent of the disease persists, after which the erysipelas takes on a chronic course of the disease.
Chronic skin disease is dangerous with frequent acute periods, up to 6 times a year. Against this background, the destruction of the lymphatic system occurs, the outflow of fluid fails and the formation of elephantiasis. This is fraught with the development of inflammatory processes with the release of pus, which can lead to disability of the patient.
Penicillin preparations
For the treatment of erysipelas, the penicillin series of antibiotics is still widely used. In severe cases, injections are used, in milder cases, tablets will be enough.
Some drugs in this group decompose under the influence of gastric juice, so they should only be used by injection. Most often, the following drugs of the penicillin group are used to treat severe staphylococcal infections:
The liver is the main organ of the human body, which takes an active part in the transformation of drugs taken by a person. That is why it is so important to protect your liver from negative effects after or during the forced use of antibiotics with the help of ...
Nafcillin. This is a semi-synthetic agent of the 2nd generation, effective against streptococci. Children are administered intramuscularly or intravenously up to 4 times a day.
The recommended dose is 50 to 100 mg per day, depending on the age and condition of the child. In severe infections, the dosage increases to 100-200 mg per day divided into 4-6 injections. Adults are injected intramuscularly with 500 mg up to 6 times a day, intravenously from 0.5-2 g with 4-6 single injections.
Ampicillin is administered intramuscularly or intravenously. The drug is administered slowly for about 3 minutes, if the dose exceeds 2 g, then the drug is injected drip.
Children are recommended a dose of 50 to 100 mg per day per 1 kg of body weight. If necessary, the dosage can be increased by 2 times. Adults Ampicillin is administered at 0.25-0.5 g. 4 to 6 times a day. With a more severe course of the disease, the dosage increases to 10 g.
Important! For adults, the daily dosage should not exceed 14 g, for children - 100 mg per 1 kg of body weight.
Treatment of erysipelas involves antibiotic therapy, which lasts 7-10 days. During this time, the drug manages to suppress streptococcus and not disrupt the work of the whole organism.
When treating erysipelas, it does not matter which part of the body is affected by streptococcus: legs, arms or face. Below are the most common types of antibiotics that can cope with staph.
In addition to injections, penicillins are prescribed in tablets. Widely used means:
Cephalexin. Violates the synthesis of the pathogen erysipelas, evenly distributed throughout the body. Children under 3 years of age are prescribed a suspension. Children's dose: from 25 to 100 mg per 1 kg of weight up to 4 times a day. Adult dosage - 250-500 mg per day with 4 single use. Important! If erysipelas recurs, it must be treated with another series of antibiotics; Oxacillin. It is prescribed for a disease of moderate severity. Adult dose: from 0.5 to 1 g 4 times a day, for children - from 0.0125 to 0.025 g per day with 4 single use. back to contents
Preparations of the macrolide group
The drugs have a wide spectrum of action, they disrupt the synthesis of the streptococcus protein, thereby leading to its destruction. Commonly used macrolides:
Oletetrin. It is used in the form of injections and tablets. Usually, adults are prescribed tablets of 0.25 g up to 4 times a day. Children - from 20 to 30 mg per 1 kg of weight up to 4 times a day. The duration of admission ranges from 5 to 10 days, depending on how severe the disease is.
Reception of Oletetrin during the growth of teeth can provoke their yellowness.
Azithromycin. The dosage is prescribed individually, taking into account the age and condition of the patient. Usually, children are prescribed 5-10 mg per 1 kg of weight, and adults - from 0.25 to 1 g, the drug is used 1 time per day with a duration of 3-5 days. Oleandomycin. At the moment, it is not used so often, because it is an outdated representative of macrolides. Adult dosage: 0.25-0.5 g 4 times a day, children are prescribed 0.02 g per 1 kg of body weight for at least 7 days. back to contents
Local medicines
In addition to internal use, various ointments are prescribed in the treatment of the inflammatory process of the leg or arm. If a burning sensation is felt during the use of local remedies, you should immediately stop using the medicine.
Commonly used tools:
Erythromycin ointment gives the best efficacy in the treatment of erysipelas; Tetracycline ointment helps to treat streptococcal lesions of the skin of the leg; Solution Microcid Liquid. Sold ready for use. Suppresses the growth of bacteria, is not absorbed into the blood, so it can be used by pregnant women; Synthomycin. An effective streptococcal ointment is applied without a bandage twice a day.
At the first suspicion of a disease, it is necessary to consult a specialist to prescribe the correct treatment. In the modern world, with the help of antibiotic therapy, this disease can be overcome in less than ten days.
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In most cases, erysipelas on the leg occurs suddenly and becomes an unpleasant surprise for patients. At the initial stage of development of streptococcal bacteria, the disease lends itself to additional treatment with natural remedies at home.
In 70% of cases, erysipelas are affected by the lower limbs.
The consequence of the process of occurrence of erysipelas of the legs is a sharp deterioration in the patient's well-being:
- The temperature rises sharply.
- Worried about severe headache.
- Nausea.
- Fever.
- The affected area becomes red and swollen.
- The site of infection becomes hot and sensitive.
Thinned vascular walls, varicose veins and dermatological diseases indicate the predisposition of the body to the development of erysipelas of the lower extremities.
It is advisable to start treating erysipelatous inflammation of the leg immediately after the first signs of infection appear, without wasting a minute. Treatment with folk methods at home is possible at the primary stage of the development of the disease, a positive effect is observed with auxiliary treatment with alternative medicine preparations along with the main methods of treatment.
Reasons for the development of pathology
Erysipelas is a dangerous viral disease caused by streptococci.
These bacteria are able to survive in different conditions:
- In the human body.
- Animals.
- In the ground
- On the surface or in the body of mushrooms.
- On the outer and underground parts of plants.
Steptococci are the causative agents of erysipelas of the leg. Treatment with folk remedies is ineffective, you need to use antibiotics In a weakened body, streptococci begin to multiply at a tremendous speed and affect various organs and systems, penetrating inside through microcracks or wounds. Getting into the circulatory system, the army of harmful bacilli destroys blood cells - erythrocytes, the walls of blood vessels become thinner and destroyed.
Erysipelatous inflammation of the leg, home treatment of which will give a positive result if therapy is started in a timely manner, covers a variety of age categories of people.
The risk group includes people with various pathologies:
Healthy people have a chance to get sick if the rules of personal hygiene are not observed, since erysipelas pathogens are present on the surface of the skin and wet mucous membranes of a living organism.
Treatment at home
Erysipelatous inflammation of the leg, the treatment of which at home should be started after consultation with a medical professional, amenable to complex therapy:
- Antibiotics.
- External treatment of affected areas with ointments.
- Folk methods.
All, without exception, home treatment options should be offered by a doctor. Only a medical professional will accurately determine the form of erysipelas and prescribe the correct treatment.
Antibiotics
The most effective way to defeat a dangerous disease caused by a group of streptococcal bacteria is antibiotic treatment. Without them, it is impossible to stop the spread of infection, which can lead to recurring complications in the form of elephantiasis.
Before taking drugs, you need to consult a doctor.
Erysipelas can be cured at home with the following drugs:
| Name | Dosage |
| Erythromycin 500 mg (analogues Azithromycin, Summamed) | 1. Take 4-5 times a day; 2. On the first day - a double dose for 1 dose; 3. Subsequent days, 1 dose; Only 5 days. |
| Penicillin 500 mg (tablets) | Take 4 times a day for 1 dose. The duration of taking the tablets is 2-4 weeks. |
| Olethetrin capsules | Take 4 times a day. A single shock dose is determined by the doctor, depending on the clinical picture and the area of the affected area. The course of treatment lasts up to 10 days. |
| Ciprofloxacin (250mg, 500mg, 750mg) | The duration of the course is 10 days. Taking pills 4 times a day. The dosage depends on the patient's weight, age and concomitant diseases. It is determined by the doctor. |
| Rifampicin tablets | Take 3 capsules daily. The course is 7-10 days. |
| Rifampicin for intravenous injection | 1 infusion is carried out per day. The course of treatment is 7 days. |
All antibiotics are washed down with plenty of liquid.
Immunomodulators
In patients with recurrent erysipelas, the concentration of immunoglobulin decreases. A weakened body is not able to independently resist the rapid spread of infection, therefore, in combination with antibiotics, immunostimulants are prescribed for the speedy cure of acute forms of erysipelas of the lower extremities.
The full functioning of the human immune system many times reduces the risk of recurrence and the severity of erysipelas.
To reduce intoxication, immunomodulators are prescribed from the first days of the disease:
The duration of the course of taking immunomodulators for the treatment and prevention of erysipelas of the legs is determined by the doctor.
vitamins
Erysipelas is a serious infectious disease, which, in addition to external changes in soft tissues, is accompanied by internal intoxication. Medicines block the metabolism of pathogenic bacteria, and vitamins help the body cope with the damage caused by the infection. A weakened body needs vitamins and microelements to recover.
Erysipelas of the foot, which should be treated at home under the supervision of a medical professional, heals much faster with proper nutrition.
From the first days of the disease, include in the diet as many fresh vegetables and fruits as possible:
- In the early days of illness, you need to consume plenty of fluids and foods containing a lot of vitamin C.
- Pears and apples are involved in the process of wound healing, as they contain folic acid, vitamins E, PP, C. Iron and magnesium strengthen the vascular walls.
- Oranges and carrots accelerate healing and have a positive effect on the upper layers of the epidermis.
- Milk and honey help boost immunity.
Non-steroidal drugs
The course of erysipelas of the leg is often accompanied by the accumulation of a large amount of fluid in the upper subcutaneous layers, followed by leakage.
With such symptoms, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed:
Ointments and powders
Erysipelatous inflammation of the leg, the treatment of which at home involves an integrated approach, lasts a long time and requires patience.
To heal external injuries, powders and ointments are used that have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects:
When treating wounds externally, it is impossible to tightly bandage the leg so as not to impede the outflow of lymph.
Physiotherapy
To speed up the healing process, doctors recommend physiotherapy procedures in combination with antibiotics:
Beaver stream treatment
Beaver stream is a healing agent of animal origin that strengthens the immune system in case of infectious diseases. 
In the treatment of erysipelas of the legs, it is recommended to use dried crushed beaver stream 1 time per day on the tip of a knife. To prevent the recurrence of erysipelas, you need to take the drug for 30 days, then take the same break and drink the medicine again for 1 month.
Folk remedies
Treatment of erysipelas at home with folk remedies is impossible without consulting a doctor. Erysipelas is a dangerous viral disease. Self-medication can lead to serious health problems.
Local treatment of erysipelas on the leg is made in the form of compresses, decoctions or lotions based on folk remedies:
During treatment, wounds caused by erysipelas should not be washed with water.
Chalk
An excellent folk method to alleviate the consequences of erysipelas of the legs is chalk. Weeping wound surfaces are sprinkled with chalk crushed to a powdery state.
The calcareous structure of chalk allows it to actively absorb moisture, which is a breeding ground for streptococci. By drying the surface of the wound, the ancient remedy deprives microorganisms of the conditions for life and reproduction.
Herbal treatment
Medicinal herbs occupy an important place among the drugs that heal erysipelas:
Compound:
- stems and leaves of a series;
- sweet clover;
- motherwort;
- liquorice root;
- toadflax;
- chamomile flowers;
- calendula flowers.
Combine all herbs in equal parts. Then 2-3 tbsp. l. pour 0.5 l of boiling water, let it brew for 1 hour. Drink the infusion 3 times a day, 50 ml before meals. For a compress, you need to moisten gauze with a cooled infusion and apply to sore limbs 2-3 times a day.
Plantain
Plantain inhibits the reproduction and spread of streptococci and staphylococci. A green leaf applied to a wound has an anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect.
Fresh plantain leaves mixed with crushed chalk should be applied to the wound, pressing the sore spot with a bandage. The procedures are carried out until recovery.
Compresses from plantain infusion are applied to the damaged surface. The bandage must be changed 4 times a day.
Sage
Sage will fill the cells of the epidermis with vitamins, accelerate regeneration. 
The same amount of chalk and sage must be crushed and sprinkled on the wound, covered with a bandage. Dressings are recommended to be done every 2-3 hours. Sage tones the cells and quickly relieves swelling of the legs.
Treatment with bark and roots of herbs
Inflammatory processes are inhibited by lotions from the bark of some types of trees:
- Lilac.
- Turn.
- Bird cherry.
Bark preparation for the treatment of skin infectious diseases is carried out from late spring to mid-summer from young, stiff shoots. The dry product is crushed and poured with boiling water. The agent is infused for 1-3 hours, until the bark swells. The softened ingredients are applied to sore spots and fixed with a bandage. Lotions are made from the infusion.
A good anti-inflammatory drug is prepared from a mixture of calamus roots, burnet and licorice. The washed raw materials are poured with boiling water and an infusion is prepared and consumed inside.
Raspberry
Raspberry flowers and leaves have an anti-toxic effect. A decoction of leaves and flowers is used to wash the surface of wounds instead of water. The healing liquid will have an anti-inflammatory effect. 
The decoction is drunk simultaneously with external washing instead of tea, 0.5 cups 3 times a day. The rich content of vitamins in raspberries makes the plant a staple on the dietary table of patients with erysipelas. Berries strengthen the immune system and increase the body's resistance to pathogenic microbes.
Coltsfoot
Coltsfoot is a good pain reliever and has an anti-inflammatory effect on damaged areas.
- The green leaves of the plant can be bandaged directly onto the wound by kneading them with your hands.
- Grind dry raw materials and sprinkle the areas affected by erysipelas.
- 1 st. l. dry leaves and stems of coltsfoot pour a glass of boiling water, wrap with a towel and leave for 30 minutes. Strained broth must be drunk in 1 tsp. 4 times a day.
Potato
Apply a compress of raw potato juice to the affected skin. A positive effect will come from the use of a dry compress of potato starch. 
Procedures can be alternated. During the day, 4 compresses are made.
bird cherry
Bird cherry bark contains volatile substances, phytoncides, which destroy pathogenic bacteria. With erysipelas, the dried bark should be finely crushed and poured with a small amount of boiling water. Gently spread the resulting slurry on the damaged surface and cover with a bandage. Dressing is done 4 times a day.
Honey
Honey consists of a number of B vitamins. If you follow a diet during the treatment of erysipelas, you need to consume more honey and drink plenty of fluids. 
The antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties of honey have an antibacterial effect on the inflamed areas of the skin. Honey can be added to any lotions and compresses against erysipelas.
Celery
The green mass of celery helps reduce swelling and redness. Grind the leaves to a pulp and apply to the sore spot. The medicine should be kept for 30-40 minutes. Well anesthetizes and accelerates the healing of a compress of cabbage leaves and celery greens, passed through a meat grinder.
Erysipelatous inflammation most often affects the limbs: arms and legs. Treatment with natural remedies at home is welcomed by doctors, subject to a course of antibiotic treatment.
Article formatting: Mila Fridan
Video about erysipelas
Causes and complications of erysipelas of the legs:
Erysipelas is an infectious-allergic disease that spreads to the subcutaneous tissue. Inflammation develops with the introduction of group A streptococcal flora. Often, after treatment, a recurrence of erysipelas occurs - repeated symptoms appear within six months, in 10 cases out of 100 it ends with elephantiasis (pathology of the lymphatic system). It is impossible to cure erysipelas without antibiotics. These drugs are needed to stop the vital activity of the streptococcal flora.
The lesions of red or purple color are separated from the surrounding tissue by a convex roller. Every day, the area of inflammation increases to 2-2.5 cm. Itching and burning of the skin is accompanied by fever, fever, nausea, turning into vomiting, muscle and joint pain. Most often, erysipelas is localized in the lower leg, the provoking factor is varicose veins and its complication - thrombophlebitis.
What drugs help to quickly stop the activity of pathogenic microorganisms?
List of antibiotics for erysipelas
Treatment of erysipelas is carried out using the following drugs:
- "Erythromycin" and its newer analogue "Azithromycin" ("Sumamed"). "Erythromycin" you have to take 4 to 6 times a day, "Azithromycin" - on the first day 2 doses (tablets or capsules of 500 mg) for 1 dose, and then 1 dose for 5 days.
- One of the most effective means for the treatment of erysipelas on the legs are antibacterial drugs of penicillin groups. "Penicillin" in the form of tablets should be taken for 2 weeks 4 times a day, 500 mg, with plenty of water. You can use "Doxycycline". It is most effective on the first day to make injections (320 IU) of penicillin every 6 hours, and then replace them with tablets - 4 times a day for a week.
- Effectively and injections of "Bicillin" - 2-3 days after the introduction of the drug of the penicillin series, the roller on the skin of the lower leg turns pale and disappears, but this method of treatment is currently rarely used. In 2/3 of the entire population of the globe, penicillin antibiotics have developed persistent allergic reactions.
- "Oletetrin". This combined antibacterial drug is available in the form of capsules, it contains tetracycline and oleandomycin. The course of treatment is from 7 to 10 days, the frequency of administration is up to 4 times a day. The decision on a single dose is made by the doctor, it all depends on the clinical picture, the degree of damage to the soft tissue of the legs. Up to 8 capsules can be taken per day.
- "Ciprofloxacin"- an antibacterial drug from the group of fluoroquinols. The course of treatment can range from a week to 10 days, while the dosage depends on the clinical picture, age, weight of the patient and other diseases in the anamnesis related to the state of the urinary system. The patient may be recommended 4 times daily doses of 250 mg, 500 mg and 750 mg. Take the tablets with plenty of clean water.
- "Rifampicin". The drug can be used in tablet form or administered intravenously; in the first case, drink 3 capsules per day, in the second, one infusion per day is performed. However, this drug is rarely used in the treatment of erysipelas.
The course of treatment, dosage and frequency of administration depend on the severity of the disease, the age and weight of the patient, the selected drug, as well as on the concomitant history.
Treatment of erysipelas on the leg with antibiotics is not available to everyone. Patients with a polyvalent allergy to antibacterial agents for the destruction of streptococci are prescribed the following therapeutic regimen: complex treatment "Furazolidone"(a drug from the group of nitrofufans with a pronounced antimicrobial activity) and "Delagil" (a drug used to treat malaria, with the active ingredient chloroquine).
Antibacterial therapy of erysipelas in a hospital
Hospitalization in a hospital is necessary if recurrences of erysipelas occur every 2-3 months, the disease is severe, the patient has a history of a disease in which it is extremely dangerous to use antibiotics at home - if side effects appear, the ambulance can not wait. Inpatient treatment is recommended for patients under 3 years of age and those who are in old age. Patients are hospitalized in infectious departments.
If at home antibiotics are taken in tablets, then in the hospital for the treatment of erysipelas, an injection form is used:
- "Benzylpenicillin"- a course of treatment up to 10 days;
- Cefazolin, Cefuroxime or Ceftazidime- that is, cephalosporins - the course of treatment is 5-7 days;
With a pronounced inflammatory process, therapeutic measures are supplemented - at home and in stationary conditions - with anti-inflammatory drugs - "Butadione" or "Chlotazol". The course of treatment is up to 2 weeks. Be sure to prescribe immunomodulators and vitamin complexes - they need to be drunk after the elimination of general symptoms for another month.
In severe cases of the disease, severe swelling of the legs - in order to prevent the development of lymphostasis - intravenous detoxification is carried out. In this case, infusion treatment is necessary: "Reopoliglyukin", "Hemodez", solutions: 5% glucose and saline. Sometimes "Prednisolone" is added to the dropper.
It is customary to adhere to the following daily doses of antibacterial drugs:
- "Oletetrin" - 1 g / day;
- "Azithromycin" or "Erythromycin" - 2 g / day;
- metacycline hydrochloride - 1 g / day.
With recurrent erysipelas, antibiotics are administered only intramuscularly - cephalosporins ( "Klaforan", "Cefazolin"), "Lincomycin"- up to 2 times a day.
For the treatment of relapses of erysipelas, patients are hospitalized in a hospital. Antibiotics are prescribed that were not used in the original therapeutic regimen. In this case, the drugs are no longer prescribed in tablets, but only in injections - intramuscularly.
- week - 10 days - cephalosporins;
- week break;
- week - "Lincomycin".
Additionally, diuretics and cytostatics are prescribed.
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