Modern antibiotics for the treatment of cystitis, such as Ofloxacin and Levofloxacin, are considered universal drugs that can suppress the activity of most bacteria.
Their appointment does not require a preliminary laboratory study of pathogens and determination of their sensitivity to these drugs, which makes it possible to start treatment in a timely manner.
Ofloxacin - description of the drug
Ofloxacin (Ofloxacin) - a synthetic antibacterial drug obtained as a result of the improvement of nalidixic acid, belongs to the class of fluoroquinolones, named similarly to the main active ingredient. The use of Ofloxacin for cystitis is due to the fact that it:
- It is directed to the organs of the small pelvis - the target of treatment, while it does not settle in the liver;
- Has a low level of microbial resistance;
- Has a wide spectrum of action against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, some types of protozoa;
- Due to the possibility of simultaneous administration with others, it is widely used as part of complex therapy for diseases of the urinary tract;
- It is widely used in the period of pre-medical care as a catalyst for the development of protective blocks in the body.
Important! Ofloxacin practically does not affect lacto- and bifidobacteria, as a result of which it occupies one of the leading positions in the sparing treatment of bacterial infectious diseases of the urinary tract.
In the case of an uncomplicated course of the disease, the drug is prescribed for a short course (from 3 to 5 days), in the case of a chronic form of cystitis, the treatment is extended up to 10 days.
The dosage is selected individually and on average ranges from 200 to 800 mg of the drug per day, calculated for several doses. A single dose, if necessary, can be 400 mg.
2 hours after administration, the drug is maximally concentrated in the blood, producing a therapeutic effect, and is excreted from the body within 24 hours. Young age (up to 18 years), pregnancy and lactation are contraindications for taking Ofloxacin.
Levofloxacin - description of the drug
Levofloxacin (Levofloxacin) - a drug designed to combat atypical bacteria, obtained as a result of serious pharmacological developments, the isomer of ofloxacin is an effective drug of the latest generation of fluoroquinolones, ideal for systemic treatment.
The main active ingredient is levofloxacin hemihydrate, which:
- Blocks the formation of DNA of pathogenic bacteria, inhibits their reproduction;
- Prevents the penetration of pathogens into the bladder mucosa;
- Quickly relieves acute inflammation;
- Resistance develops slowly and does not interfere with other antibiotics.
The drug is bioavailable, quickly and completely absorbed by the body, due to which it penetrates well into organs, tissues and mucous membranes.
Take up to 2 times a day, swallowing the tablets completely and drinking plenty of water. The dosage is determined by the severity of the disease and ranges from 250mg to 500mg over 3-14 days.
Important! Clinical studies of the effect of the drug on women during pregnancy and lactation, as well as children, are not sufficient, therefore, its use should be determined by the degree of risk for this group of patients.
Levofloxacin or Ofloxacin. What is more effective for cystitis?
Both drugs belong to an important group of fluoroquinolones and are actively used in the therapeutic practice of treating cystitis. In the presence of identical mechanisms of action on atypical pathogens, Levofloxacin belongs to the III (new) generation antibiotics, which are characterized by a higher clinical activity and a minimum set of side effects.
When the drug is absorbed internally, Levofloxacin with cystitis behaves in relation to pathogenic microbes 2 times more active than Ofloxacin, which is an important advantage in choosing a treatment.
In case of ineffectiveness of the therapeutic course with one of the drugs, the doctor diagnoses a complicated bladder infection and sends the patient for a urological examination to identify possible pathologies and prescribes a new treatment adequate to the patient's condition.
According to the latest medical statistics, the spread of prostatitis and its forms has recently begun to increase. The reasons for this situation can be called a lot of factors, among which, the main place is occupied by a man's unsatisfactory attitude to his health, poor ecology, poor-quality food, etc.
Therefore, it is not surprising how seriously pharmacologists have to work in order to offer patients the newest and most effective drugs for the treatment of prostatitis. Among them, there is also Levofloxacin - an antibiotic of the latest generation, with a wide spectrum of action.
This type of drug, like Amoxiclav, belongs to antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action and is ideal for the systemic treatment of various diseases, including prostatitis (acute, chronic, bacterial).
The release form of the drug is tablets or injection solutions. Any form of the drug is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream, affects the body at the cellular level, and the targeted action of the drug allows you to effectively kill entire colonies of harmful microorganisms. For people suffering from infectious and bacterial diseases, it will be much cheaper to purchase such a medication than to buy other synonyms and antibiotic substitutes, which also have side effects and contraindications.
Levofloxacin analogs have the following properties:
- They have a wide and active range of effects on the body.
- They are able to quickly penetrate into the tissues of the prostate.
- They show a high degree of activity and directed action.
It's important to know
Before taking the medicine, you should read all the information that the instructions for taking the medicine offer you. Like any other antibiotic, domestic or imported, Levofloxacin can cause side effects and individual intolerance.
Today you can choose not only Levofloxacin, analogues of this drug, similar in composition, action and release form, are presented on the market in large quantities.
Tavanik- the same effective antibiotic that is prescribed for various diseases. It is characterized by a high degree of drug activity and impact on groups of harmful microorganisms, its use allows you to obtain positive treatment results in the shortest possible time for therapy. The price of the product depends on the form of release: tablets can be bought from 600 rubles, solution for injections, it will cost you 1620 rubles.
Ciprofloxacin refers to active antibiotics with a broad spectrum of action. It is used to treat infectious diseases of internal organs and tissues, in particular, the genitourinary system. The drug is produced in various forms, for example, these are eye drops, suspensions and solutions for injections, tablets and capsules. The cost of the antibiotic is low, from 18 rubles, and any pharmacy can offer you this drug.
Along with the above-mentioned Russian analogues, there are also foreign analogues of Levofloxacin on the market that can defeat any infectious disease.
Eleflox, produced by an Indian pharmaceutical company, is actively used to treat various forms of prostatitis, inhibits the activity of harmful microorganisms. It is used in systemic treatment, in which the disease quickly responds to therapy.
Glevo- a product of Indian pharmacology, with a wide spectrum of action, excellent for the treatment of all forms of prostatitis.
Levofloxacin belongs to the group of fluoroquinols. The same group with the active substance levofloxacin includes:
- Glevo.
- Eleflox.
- Ciprofloxacin.
All antibiotics in this group are very effective in the treatment of prostatitis. Therefore, your choice of a drug can only be influenced by the presence of an individual intolerance to the components of one of them, the severity of the disease, at which it is necessary to apply complex treatment, in which not all antibiotics may be compatible with other drugs. All drugs have detailed instructions, after reading which you will find out what side effect can be expected, what contraindication in your case may affect the choice of the remedy.
Tavanic or Levofloxacin which is better?
As we have already noted, both of these drugs belong to the group of fluoroquinols, with an active ingredient - levofloxacin, which quickly enters the bloodstream, then it is taken by the plasma and distributed to all tissues of the body.
The drug Levofloxacin has an active effect on various tissue areas affected by harmful microorganisms, and it acts directly at the cellular level, which speeds up treatment and gives positive results. With prostatitis, different groups of bacteria can be present in the body that affect the organ and cause the disease: anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative, simple microorganisms and chlamydia. With all these "pests" the drug fights very effectively.
Tavanik is a latest generation antibiotic with high rates of effectiveness in the treatment of diseases of various internal organs, bone tissue.
The active substance in the drug is levofloxacin, auxiliary - crospovidone, cellulose, titanium dioxide, macrogol 8000, iron oxide red and yellow. When taking the drug, its concentration in the blood lasts for a rather long period.
An antibacterial drug gives the fastest and most positive results in the treatment of various forms of prostatitis, ranging from mild to chronic, as it affects tissue cells, their membranes and walls. It is especially effective in complex treatment, because its active and active ingredient - levofloxacin, interacts well with other drugs.
note
If we compare Tavanic or Levofloxacin, which is better, then the first drug has fewer side effects and has a faster action and its spectrum of action is much wider.
Comparing the cost of drugs, it can be noted that you can buy Levofloxacin at a price of 77 rubles, and Tavanik - from 590 rubles.
Most often, when the doctor prescribed a course of treatment with this drug, the patient is prescribed 2 doses.
The average daily dose of the drug at each dose ranges from 500 ml to 1 g, depending on the form of the disease in which the prostate gland is located. If injections are prescribed, then the daily dose of liquid is from 250 to 500 ml, depending on the severity of the disease. The medicine is taken regardless of food intake, because the mucous membrane quickly absorbs the substances of the drug.
It's important to know
In milder forms of prostatitis, as well as in diseases that affect the bronchi, the course of treatment can be from 14 to 28 days. In this case, the daily dose ranges from 500 ml to 1 g.
To decide whether Tavanic or Levofloxacin is better, your doctor will help you, who will select the optimal antimicrobial drug for effective therapy.
Levofloxacin or Ciprofloxacin: Comparative Evaluation of Drugs
The medicine has a wide spectrum of action, inhibits the vital activity of various microorganisms, quickly enters the bloodstream, is distributed throughout the tissues of the body, and any infection is amenable to such therapy.
The doctor prescribes the drug, who calculates the daily dose of the drug.
The course of treatment can be from 1 to 4 weeks, depending on the degree of the disease.
If we consider Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin, the difference is that the former is more effective, it can interact with other drugs, while Ciprofloxacin, under the influence of other drugs, can reduce its concentration and activity, which delays the course of treatment.
Both drugs, Levofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin, are antibiotics that should only be taken on the advice of a doctor, who considers each case on a case-by-case basis.
The main difference between the two antibiotics is the active substance: in the first drug it is levofloxacin, and in the second it is ofloxacin. Under the action of Ofloxacin, not all groups of bacteria can be destroyed, since microorganisms have different degrees of sensitivity to ofloxacin, therefore, prostatitis therapy may be different due to the causes of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment may also differ.
Levofloxacin Astrafarm: description of the drug and its distinctive features
Distinctive features from Levofloxacin
Levofloxacin Astrapharm is able to inhibit the activity of gram-positive and gram-negative microbes, while Levofloxacin acts on all groups of bacteria.
Most often, Levofloxacin Astrapharm is used to effectively treat chronic bacterial prostatitis.
During therapy with Levofloxacin, positive dynamics is observed already in the middle of treatment, and this happens regardless of the form of the disease.
If we talk about Levofloxacin Astrafarm blister, then it is more effective in the treatment of mild and moderate forms of prostatitis.
Regardless of what choice you make in the treatment of prostatitis, you must remember that only systemic, well-chosen treatment can give positive dynamics and results.
Second generation, bactericidal. The antibiotic is a yellowish crystalline powder that is tasteless and odorless. Mainly gram-microorganisms are sensitive to this drug.
Ofloxacin ® is active against Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Enterobacter, Serrata Marcescens, Citrobacter, Yersinia, Hemolytic bacillus. Moderately effective against proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, hydrophilic aeromonas, moraxella catarrhalis, propionibacterium acne, clostridia perfringens, Koch's bacillus, etc. The drug is capable of destroying pathogens resistant to sulfonamides.
Ofloxacin ® is highly bioavailable when taken orally. Eating food has little effect on the absorption of the drug. The drug is almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The peak concentration in the blood is observed after 1-2 hours. T1 / 2 is about six hours.
Ofloxacin ® inhibits gyrase and affects the DNA supercoiling process, which leads to destabilization of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid and cell death. The antibiotic is used in the treatment of diseases of the bacterial etiology of the respiratory tract (pneumonia), ENT organs (otitis media, sinusitis), skin, genitourinary system (urethritis, pyelonephritis).
Ofloxacin ® is one of the most popular drugs in ophthalmic practice. The drug was patented in the early 80s of the last century. The Russian-made antibiotic has a democratic price: it costs no more than 60 rubles.
from 18 to 25 rubles
Vero-Ofloxacin ® is available in the form of tablets (10 pieces per pack), each of which contains 200 mg of active active ingredient. The drug disrupts DNA replication in the pathogen cell. The drug is widely used in urology, nephrology, rheumatology and dermatology.
Vero-Ofloxacin ® is contraindicated in patients with tendon lesions, children under 18 years of age, as well as patients with diseases of the central nervous system, accompanied by epileptic seizures. The drug is not prescribed to pregnant women; during the period of antibiotic therapy, breastfeeding is stopped. Vero-Ofloxacin ® causes complications from the sensory organs and the nervous system, the musculoskeletal system, the digestive tract, urinary tract and hematopoietic organs.
from 172 to 240 rub.
Zanocin OD ® - This is an antimicrobial agent of prolonged action (the release of the drug occurs gradually), which can be taken once a day. Zanocin OD ® is active against gram + and gram-aerobes and anaerobes. Bioavailability exceeds 90%.
The pharmacological agent is able to penetrate the blood-encephalic and uteroplacental barriers. The half-life is about 7 hours. In patients with liver pathologies, the rate of antibiotic elimination is reduced. The dosage for such patients is selected according to the degree of decrease in creatinine clearance. The drug is used with caution to treat elderly patients. Most often, side effects occur from the gastrointestinal tract, hepatobiliary system, and the musculoskeletal system. Allergic reactions, changes in peripheral blood parameters, toxic effects on the kidneys are also possible.
from 188 to 200 rubles
Ofloxacin TEVA ® produced in Hungary. The antibiotic affects the speed of psychomotor reactions and concentration. Drugs are prescribed for diseases of the lower respiratory tract, ENT organs, skin and pelvic organs.
The drug is not prescribed until the age of 18, during lactation, with traumatic brain injuries, pathologies of the central nervous system, hypolactasia, polyradiculoneuropathy. Ofloxacin TEVA ® is distinguished by an extensive list of side effects: antibiotic therapy with this drug can provoke increased gas production, dry mouth, sleep disturbances, involuntary tremors of the limbs, convulsions, intracranial hypertension, color blindness, lowering blood pressure, bullous dermatitis, tendon rupture and photosensitivity. etc.
from 18 to 25 rubles
Ofloxacin-ICN ® – antimicrobial agent related to fluoroquinolones. Affects the stability of bacteria DNA. Ofloxacin-ICN ® is active against pathogens that produce β-lactamases and mycobacteria.
Doctors prescribe an antibiotic for pneumonia, pyelonephritis, urethritis, chlamydia, and systemic inflammatory reactions. Ofloxacin-ICN ® is widely used in gynecological practice (inflammation of the vaginal mucosa, the inner lining of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, vaginal segment of the cervix). Not used in the treatment of tonsillitis.
from 18 to 25 rubles
Ofloxacin-AKOS ® take no more than ten days. The course of treatment depends on the sensitivity of the strains and on the clinical picture of the disease. Reception is carried out before meals or after.
Therapy with this antibiotic may be accompanied by dyspeptic disorders, an increase in the concentration of bilirubin in the blood serum, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, vertigo, insomnia, anxiety, tendosynovitis, maculopapular rash, a sharp decrease in the number of erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes, neutrophils. In patients with diabetes mellitus, a decrease in the concentration of glucose in the blood is observed.
from 18 to 25 rubles
Ofloxacin-Promed ® – it is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is highly active against most gram-negative microorganisms. Food intake slows down the absorption rate slightly.
Plasma protein binding is 25 percent. In elderly patients, the half-life can reach 11-12 hours. The antibiotic is widely used in many branches of medicine: from otolaryngology and pulmonology to gynecology and urology. The dosage is selected individually. During antibiotic therapy, the patient should not be exposed to ultraviolet rays.
from 18 to 25 rubles
Ofloxacin-FPO ® – This is a domestically produced medicine that destroys infectious agents by destabilizing DNA strands. Ofloxacin-FPO ® is distinguished by a large volume of distribution, therefore, almost the entire amount of the administered drug is capable of penetrating into the cells. Preparations containing aluminum, calcium and magnesium significantly reduce the absorption of the active ingredient.
Not the drug of choice for pneumococcal pneumonia. In elderly patients, there is a risk of rupture of the heel tendon when taking drugs. In case of side effects, treatment is stopped immediately.
Taking Uniflox ® is part of preventive measures after surgical interventions on the organs of vision.
Pneumonia is a dangerous and very insidious disease that often requires complex treatment. The main drug for pneumonia, most often it is the antibiotic, since in the process of the development of the disease, a bacterial infection is almost always connected.
When choosing a primary antibiotic drug for a patient, the doctor usually acts empirically, mainly based on previous experience. Before this, the specialist carefully evaluates the physiological state of the patient and selects the drug in accordance with the identified diagnosis.
Basic selection of drugs
For patients with no chronic disease and mild / moderate pneumonia.
The optimal combination of antibiotics - Avelox and Doxycycline.
- Avelox... The drug belongs to the fourth generation of quinolones. A drug of extensive systemic action, directly affects DNA hydrases and destroys pathogenic agents. The toxic effect on the body is minimal. Effective against most aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, chlamydia, mycoplasma, atypical forms of Legonella and Cachiella, pneumococcus, staphylococcus. Bioavailability of Avelox is more than 90 percent. The course of treatment is ten days, a daily dose of about 400 mg (single dose). Contraindications - liver failure, age up to 18 years, colitis, pregnancy, lactation, intolerance to moxifloxacin or its derivatives. Side effects: allergic manifestations, temporary decrease in vision, impaired coordination, lability, hypotension, bronchospasm, increased liver enzymes, decreased glucose, a sharp change in the levels of concentration of blood elements.
- Doxycycline... The drug belongs to the tetracycline group of semi-synthetic antibiotics. Effective against aerobic cocci and spore-forming bacteria, mycoplasma and chlamydia. Bioavailability is up to 95 percent with a withdrawal period of up to a day. The course period is about two weeks. On the first day, 200 mg of the drug is taken, on the following days - 150 mg daily, one time. Contraindications: pregnancy, lactation, children under nine years of age, porphyria, leukopenia, liver failure. Side effects - anemia, dysbiosis, discoloration of tooth enamel (long-term use), Quincke's edema, sweating, allergic rashes, diarrhea, vomiting with nausea.
Patients with chronic diseases in a moderate or severe condition
In this case, inpatient treatment would be the best choice. The antibiotics Levofloxacin are commonly used together with Ceftriaxone.
- Levofloxacin... The drug is a fluoroquinolone series, with a wide spectrum of action. Blocks DNA gyrase in microbial cells. Effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, including those resistant to penicillins. Bioavailability is 99 percent, the period of elimination from the body is about eight hours. The therapeutic course is designed for 14 days. The daily dose is 500 mg twice a day, administered by intravenous drip. Contraindications: pregnancy, lactation, age up to eighteen years, epilepsy, renal failure, deficiency of glucose-phosphate dehydrogenase, tendon pathology after anamnesis. Side effects - digestive disorders, metabolic slowdown, immune allergic reactions, disorders of the normal functioning of the PNS, tendon lesions, hypotension, rarely - vascular collapse.
- Ceftriaxone... A beta-lactam drug belonging to the third generation cephalosporin antibiotics. Has a powerful antimicrobial effect on a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, mycoplasma, anaerobes, aerobes, streptococci, etc. Bioavailability - 100 percent, half-life is about 9 hours. The course period is 10 days. Dose of the drug: 50 mg per kilogram of body weight, administration using the method of intravenous infusion (2 g of the drug is dissolved in 40 ml of one percent sodium chloride). Contraindications: renal and hepatic failure, pregnancy, sensitivity to cephalosporins and penicillins, lactation period. Side effects: candidiasis, diarrhea, vomiting, nephritis, phlebitis, jaundice, Quincke's edema, nausea and colitis.
Useful video
Dr. Komarovsky talks about what antibiotics should be taken for pneumonia.
Elena Malysheva in the program "Life is great!" about pneumonia.
In diseases of the ENT organs and bronchi, four main groups of antibiotics are used. These are penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides and fluoroquinolones. They are convenient in that they are available in tablets and capsules, that is, for oral administration, and they can be taken at home. Each of the groups has its own characteristics, but for all antibiotics there are admission rules that must be followed.
- Antibiotics should only be prescribed by a doctor for certain indications. The choice of antibiotic depends on the nature and severity of the disease, as well as on what drugs the patient received earlier.
- Antibiotics should not be used to treat viral diseases.
- The effectiveness of the antibiotic is assessed during the first three days of its administration. If the antibiotic works well, you should not interrupt the course of treatment before the time recommended by your doctor. If the antibiotic is ineffective (symptoms of the disease remain the same, fever persists), inform your doctor. Only the doctor decides on the replacement of the antimicrobial drug.
- Side effects (eg, mild nausea, bad taste in the mouth, dizziness) do not always require immediate discontinuation of the antibiotic. Often, only a dose adjustment of the drug or additional administration of drugs that reduce side effects is sufficient. The measures for overcoming the side effects are determined by the doctor.
- Diarrhea may develop as a consequence of taking antibiotics. If you have heavy loose stools, see your doctor as soon as possible. Do not try to treat antibiotic-related diarrhea yourself.
- Do not reduce the dose of the medicine prescribed by your doctor. Low doses of antibiotics can be dangerous because they are very likely to develop resistant bacteria after they are used.
- Strictly observe the time of taking the antibiotic - the concentration of the drug in the blood must be maintained.
- Some antibiotics need to be taken before meals, others after. Otherwise, they are absorbed worse, so do not forget to check with your doctor about these features.
Cephalosporins
Peculiarities: broad-spectrum antibiotics. They are mainly used intramuscularly and intravenously for pneumonia and many other serious infections in surgery, urology, gynecology. Of the drugs for oral administration, only cefixime is now widely used.
- They cause allergies less frequently than penicillins. But a person who is allergic to the penicillin group of antibiotics can develop a so-called cross-allergic reaction to cephalosporins.
- Can be used by pregnant women and children (each drug has its own age restrictions). Some cephalosporins are approved from birth.
Allergic reactions, nausea, diarrhea.
The main contraindications:
| Trade name of the drug | Price range (Russia, rub.) | |
| Active substance: Cefixime | ||
| Panzef (Alkaloid) Suprax(various manuf.) Ceforal Solutab (Astellas) |
A widely used drug, especially in children. The main indications for the appointment are tonsillitis and pharyngitis, acute otitis media, sinusitis, uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Suspension is allowed from 6 months, capsules - from 12 years. Breastfeeding women are advised to temporarily stop breastfeeding on the days of taking the drug. | |
Penicillins
Basic indications:
- Angina
- Exacerbation of chronic
- Spicy medium
- Exacerbation of chronic
- Community-acquired pneumonia
- Scarlet fever
- Skin infections
- Acute cystitis, pyelonephritis and other infections
Peculiarities: are low-toxic antibiotics with a broad spectrum of action.
The most common side effects are: allergic reactions.
The main contraindications: individual intolerance.
Important information for the patient:
- Drugs in this group are more likely to cause allergies than other antibiotics. An allergic reaction to several drugs from this group is possible. If you develop a rash, hives, or other allergic reactions, stop taking the antibiotic and see your doctor as soon as possible.
- Penicillins are one of the few groups of antibiotics that can be used by pregnant women and children from a very young age.
- Drugs that contain amoxicillin reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills.
| Trade name of the drug | Price range (Russia, rub.) | Features of the drug, which are important for the patient to know |
| Active substance: Amoxicillin | ||
| Amoxicillin(various manuf.) Amoxicillin DS(Mekofar Chemical-Pharmaceutical) Amosin (Synthesis JSC) Flemoxin Solutab (Astellas) Hikontsil(KRKA) |
A widely used antibiotic. It is especially suitable for the treatment of sore throats. It is used not only for respiratory tract infections, but also in treatment regimens for gastric ulcer. It is well absorbed when taken orally. It is usually used 2-3 times a day. However, it is sometimes ineffective. This is due to the fact that some bacteria are capable of producing substances that destroy this drug. | |
| Active substance: Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid | ||
| Amoxiclav(Lek) Amoxiclav Kviktab (Lek dd) Augmentin (GlaxoSmithKline) Panclave (Hemofarm) Flemoklav Solutab(Astellas) Ecoclave (Avva Rus) |
Clavulanic acid protects amoxicillin from resistant bacteria. Therefore, this drug is often prescribed to people who have already been treated with antibiotics more than once. It is also better for treating sinusitis, kidney, biliary tract, and skin infections. It is usually used 2-3 times a day. More often than other drugs in this group, it causes diarrhea and liver dysfunction. | |
Macrolides
Main indications:
- Infection with mycoplasma and chlamydia (bronchitis, pneumonia in people over 5 years old)
- Angina
- Exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis
- Acute otitis media
- Sinusitis
- Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
- Whooping cough
Peculiarities: antibiotics, used mainly in the form of tablets and suspensions. They act a little slower than antibiotics of other groups. This is due to the fact that macrolides do not kill bacteria, but stop their reproduction. Relatively rarely cause allergies.
The most common side effects are: allergic reactions, abdominal pain and discomfort, nausea, diarrhea.
The main contraindications: individual intolerance.
Important information for the patient:
- Resistance of microorganisms to macrolides is rapidly developing. Therefore, you should not repeat the course of treatment with drugs of this group for three months.
- Some of the drugs in this group can interfere with the activity of other drugs, and may be less absorbed when they interact with food. Therefore, before using macrolides, you must carefully study the instructions.
| Trade name of the drug | Price range (Russia, rub.) | Features of the drug, which are important for the patient to know |
| Active substance: Azithromycin | ||
| Azithromycin(various manuf.) Azitral(Shreya) Azitrox (Pharmstandard) Azicide (Zentiva) Zetamax retard (Pfizer) Z factor (Veropharm) Zitrolide (Valenta) Zitrolide forte(Valenta) Sumamed (Teva, Pliva) Sumamed forte(Teva, Pliva) Hemomycin (Hemofarm) Ecomed (Avva Rus) |
168,03-275 |
One of the most commonly used drugs in this group. Better tolerated and well absorbed. Unlike other macrolides, it inhibits the growth of Haemophilus influenzae, which often causes otitis media and sinusitis. It is advisable to take it on an empty stomach. It circulates in the body for a long time, therefore it is taken once a day. Possible short courses of treatment according to the doctor's prescription: from 3 to 5 days. If necessary, it can be used with caution during pregnancy. Contraindicated in severe hepatic and renal dysfunction. |
| Active substance: Erythromycin | ||
| Erythromycin(various manuf.) |
26,1-58,8 | An antibiotic that has been used for a long time, and therefore some bacteria are resistant to it. Nausea is caused somewhat more often than other representatives of this group of antibiotics. Inhibits the work of liver enzymes, which are responsible for the destruction of other drugs. Therefore, some drugs, when interacting with erythromycin, are retained in the body and cause toxic effects. It is very important to use the drug on an empty stomach. Can be used during pregnancy and lactation. |
| Active substance: Clarithromycin | ||
| Clarithromycin(various manuf.) Klabaks (Ranbaxi) Klabaks OD (Ranbaxi) Klacid(Abbott) Klacid SR (Abbott) Fromilid(KRKA) Fromilid Uno(KRKA) Ecozitrin (Avva Rus) |
773-979,5 |
It is used not only for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, but also in treatment regimens for peptic ulcer disease to destroy the bacteria Helicobacter pylori. It is active against chlamydia, therefore it is often included in treatment regimens for sexually transmitted diseases. Side effects and drug interactions are similar to those of erythromycin. It is not used in children under 6 months of age, during pregnancy and breastfeeding. |
| Active substance: Midecamycin / midecamycin acetate | ||
| Macropen(KRKA) | 205,9-429 | The classic macrolide antibiotic, often used in suspension form to treat infections in children. Well tolerated. It is advisable to take it 1 hour before meals. It is quickly excreted from the body, therefore, the minimum frequency of admission is 3 times a day. Drug interactions are less likely. During pregnancy, it can be used only in exceptional cases, when breastfeeding is not used. |
| Active substance: Roxithromycin | ||
| Rulid(Sanofi-Aventis) | 509,6-1203 | Well absorbed, well tolerated. Indications and side effects are standard. Not applicable for pregnancy and lactation. |
Fluoroquinolones
Main indications:
- Severe otitis externa
- Sinusitis
- Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis
- Community-acquired pneumonia
- Dysentery
- Salmonellosis
- Cystitis, pyelonephritis
- Adnexitis
- Chlamydia and other infections
Peculiarities: powerful antibiotics, most often used for severe infections. They can disrupt the formation of cartilage, and therefore are contraindicated for children and expectant mothers.
The most common side effects are: allergic reactions, pain in tendons, muscles and joints, pain and discomfort in the abdomen, nausea, diarrhea, drowsiness, dizziness, increased sensitivity to ultraviolet rays.
The main contraindications: individual intolerance, pregnancy, breastfeeding, age up to 18 years.
Important information for the patient:
- Oral fluoroquinolones should be taken with a full glass of water, and in total during the treatment period, drink at least 1.5 liters per day.
- For complete assimilation, you must take the drugs at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking antacids (remedies for heartburn), iron, zinc, bismuth preparations.
- It is important to avoid sunburn while using the medication and for at least 3 days after the end of treatment.
| Trade name of the drug | Price range (Russia, rub.) | Features of the drug, which are important for the patient to know |
| Active substance: Ofloxacin | ||
| Ofloxacin(various manuf.) Zanocin (Ranbaxi) Zanocin OD(Ranbaxi) Zoflox (Mustafa nevzat ilach sanai) Ofloxin (Zentiva) Tarivid(Sanofi-Aventis) |
Most often used in urology, gynecology. For respiratory tract infections, it is not used in all cases. It is indicated for sinusitis, bronchitis, but not recommended for angina and pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia. | |
| Active substance: Moxifloxacin | ||
| Avelox(Bayer) | 719-1080 | The most powerful antibiotic in this group. It is used for severe acute sinusitis, exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia. It can also be used in the treatment of drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis. |
| Active substance: Ciprofloxacin | ||
| Ciprofloxacin(various manuf.) Cyprinol(KRKA) Tsiprobay(Bayer) Tsiprolet (Dr. Reddy's) Tsipromed (Promed) Tsifran (Ranbaxi) Tsifran OD(Ranbaxi) Ecocifol (Avva Rus) |
46,6-81 |
The most widely used drug from the group of fluoroquinolones. Has a wide spectrum of action, including against pathogens of severe infections. The indications are the same as for ofloxacin. |
| Active substance: Levofloxacin | ||
| Levofloxacin(various manuf.) Levolet (Dr. Reddy's) Glevo (Glenmark) Lefokcin(Shreya) Tavanik(Sanofi-Aventis) Flexid(Lek) Floracid (Valenta, Obolenskoe) Haileflox(Heiglans Laboratories) Ecolevid (Avva Rus) Eleflox (Ranbaxi) |
366-511 |
The drug has a very broad spectrum of action. Active against all pathogens of the respiratory tract. It is especially often prescribed for pneumonia and sinusitis. It is used when penicillins and macrolides are ineffective, as well as in cases of severe bacterial diseases. |
Remember, self-medication is life-threatening, consult your doctor for advice on the use of any medications.
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