73. Spelling of adverbs.
1. If the adverb is formed from a short adjective and has a prefix in-, on-, or for-, then the vowel o is written at the end (to the right, to the left, again),
if the adverb is also formed from a short adjective, but has the prefix do-, from-, s-, then the vowel a is written at the end (on the right, occasionally, white);
2. At the end of adverbs, after the hissing 50, it is always written ь (soft sign), Exception: already, married, unbearable.
3. Adverbs are written together:
- if they are formed by combining a preposition with an adverb (forever) or with a short adjective (tightly, to the left),
- if they are formed by adding the prepositions in and on to the collective numeral (three times, in two),
- if they are formed by adding a preposition to a full adjective or pronoun (manually, recklessly, with might and main)
Exception: if the adjective begins with a vowel, then the preposition в is written separately (open),
- if the nouns from which adverbs are formed are not used independently in modern Russian (locked up, shattered),
- adverbs with a spatial meaning, formed from nouns such as distance, height, beginning, etc. (far away, first)
note: if the sentence contains an explanation for the noun, then such words are no longer adverbs, but combinations of a noun with a preposition and are written separately (from the beginning of the book),
- if it is impossible to put a definition between the prefix-preposition and the noun from which the adverb is formed, but if this can be done, then these words are a combination of a noun with a preposition and are written separately (cf .: exhaust completely - come to the horses of the corridor):
4. Adverbs are written with a hyphen:
- if they are formed with the prefix po- from full adjectives or adverbs ending in -oma, -him, -ni, ii (in my opinion, no-old, in Russian, in cat-like),
- if they are formed using the prefix v- (in-) from ordinal numbers (firstly, secondly, thirdly),
- if they are formed by repeating the same adverb or by adding synonymous words (barely, quietly, quietly);
5. Adverbial combinations are written separately:
- if they consist of nouns with a preposition between them (from gas to eye, shoulder to captivity),
- if they are combinations with prepositions without, before, on, with, etc. (without restraint, on the run, immediately),
- if the noun in this combination has retained some meaning of the case form (abroad, conscientiously),
- if the adjective from which the adverb is formed begins with a vowel, then the preposition в is written separately (in the open).
Tasks and tests on the topic "Spelling of adverbs."
- Spelling of adverbs - Adverb Grade 7
Lessons: 1 Assignments: 13 Tests: 1
- A soft sign at the end of adverbs after sibilants. Spelling of dictionary words-adverbs - Grammar signs of parts of speech Grade 4
Lessons: 1 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1
"Full and separate spelling of prefixes in adverbs" is a very important topic of the school subject "Russian language". Thanks to its study, not only a child, but also a completely adult person will be able to understand why some words are written this way and not otherwise.
In addition, having studied this topic in detail, people are able to learn to distinguish adverbs from nominal parts of speech (for example, nouns, adjectives, numerals, and others) combined with a preposition. This will allow them to correctly write not only the adverb itself, but also other words, as well as more accurately understand their meaning.
basic information
The continuous and separate spelling of prefixes in adverbs is determined in different ways. It should be especially noted that, in comparison with other parts of speech, such cases are the most difficult and cause a lot of questions during their writing (especially among schoolchildren).
Many adverbs are an exception to the current rules of the Russian language. Therefore, most teachers are encouraged to memorize them or simply memorize them.
Spelling rules for adverbs
What is an adverb? Any teacher will say that this is an independent one which denotes a sign of an action, an object. What questions does she answer? The words of this class can be identified by asking them the following questions: “Where?”, “How?”, “Where?”, “Why?”, “When?”, “Why?” and where?".
In order to write an adverb correctly, you should know all its spelling rules. At the same time, in the school curriculum, a lot of time is allocated to the following topics: setting a soft sign (“b”) after hissing at the end of a word (jump, all the way, wide open, married, already, unbearable), as well as the letter “o” (hot, fresh , naked).
In addition, it is very important to know in which cases the part of speech under consideration should be written with a hyphen (in a comradely way, in a new way, in a wolf way, in my opinion, still, apparently, in an empty way). However, for the longest time, schoolchildren study the continuous and separate spelling of prefixes in adverbs. This is due to the fact that such a topic is more difficult to understand and requires memorizing many words that have been excluded from the general rules.
In what cases should words be written together?
Prefixes of adverbs, the table of which is presented in this article, can be different (for example, on-, s-, in-, on- and others). To understand how such words are written (either together or separately), it is necessary to determine from which original part of speech they were formed. To do this, you need to refer to the basic rules for the spelling of adverbs in Russian.
So, the mentioned part of speech is written together if it was:
- It is formed by combining such prepositions as "on" and "in" with Let's give a few examples: three times, twice, four times, five times.
- Formed by the prefix method from other adverbs. Let us give an example: on the contrary, until now, the day before yesterday, through and through.
- Formed by the suffix-prefix method from adjectives. Let's give an example: close, often, hard-boiled, continuous.
- It is formed by the prefix method from nouns if they do not have other explanatory words (for example, down, at the beginning, to the left, up, there, to the right).
It should also be noted that those adverbs that were put in a comparative degree are written together. These words include: better, newer, worse, prettier, more attractive, simpler, older, faster, and so on.
Separate spelling of words (basic rules, examples of adverbs)
“Full and separate spelling of prefixes in adverbs” is a rather difficult topic to understand. However, almost everyone can know it. And it does not matter whether you are a schoolboy or have long graduated from a general education institution.
About the cases in which this part of speech is written together with prefixes, we described above. However, there are also such rules in the Russian language that talk about the separate writing of adverbs. This spelling of the part of speech in question also depends on Consider the basic rules right now:
- Adverbs are written separately, which were formed by combining prepositions (except for "on" and "in") with collective numerals. Let's give an example: three, two, one.
- Prepositions with adverbs are written separately if they were formed from nouns, at the very beginning of which there is a vowel. For example: point-blank, armful, until you drop, all the way and so on.
- Adverbs are written separately if they were formed from a preposition combined with a collective numeral ending in -s or -i. For example: for three, for two, for six. It should be remembered that such adverbs as firstly, thirdly, secondly, fifthly, sixthly, etc., are written only with a hyphen.
- Prepositions with adverbs that were formed from adjectives, at the very beginning of which there is a vowel, are written separately (for example, open, backward, etc.).
- Adverbs that are formed from combinations of nouns with prepositions should also be written separately. For example: (abroad, on the move, under the arms, on the fly, from under the arm).
- Adverbs are written separately, which are formed from combinations of two identical nouns with prepositions. For example: side by side, in the end, eye to eye.
Negative adverbs
What is this part of speech? Negative adverbs are words that negate something. How are they different from other words? Such adverbs are characterized by the presence of prefixes "ne-" or "ni-". Their correct spelling is very important. It should be noted that a large number of people have no idea about the spelling of such words.
So how are the prefixes non- and ni- written in adverbs? According to experts, under stress in such words is written not-, but in an unstressed state - neither. At the same time, it should be especially noted that in both cases the prefixes are written together, except for those when they are separated by some preposition.
Examples of negative adverbs
- I have no time to deal with these matters, since I have never dealt with them.
- In winter, there was nowhere to hide, and they did not hide anywhere.
- There is no hurry, we are not in a hurry.
How do you spell the prefix v- with adverbs?
As mentioned above, adverbs with the prefix в- are written together if such words were formed by combining the preposition "в" with collective numerals. Let's give an example: twice, three times. However, it should be noted that there are also words that are also written together, although they have nothing to do with the rule described above.
So why are adverbs with the prefix v- written together (examples of such words will be presented later)? According to experts, such adverbs include words formed by combining a preposition-prefix with a noun, into which a definition cannot be inserted without changing their meaning, and also if any noun cannot be added to the noun Let's give an example: wade, in addition , in flight, in plenty, together, for hire, in a moment, for nothing, on time, again, in turn, up to, in excess, later, half-jokingly, half-seriously, really, half, right, randomly, for the future, out of order, soon, against, out loud, out loud, dry . The same applies to prefixes such as on-, for-, for, s-, etc.
Note
Speaking about the continuous spelling of an adverb with the prefix v-, it should be noted that, depending on the meaning and context (that is, the presence of explanatory words), many of the above words can act as a combination of a noun with a preposition. In this case, they are written separately. For example: to wade or enter a ford, to act in secret or to keep a secret, to learn by heart or try by heart, to be really happy or to believe in the truth, to smash or put on your head, the right to act like this or not to doubt the right and so on.
Special Information
It should also be noted that partly this category of words includes adverbs with the prefix v- colloquial style or professional character. As a rule, such words have a final syllable -ku. All of them are written together. Let's give a few examples: chasing, rolling, tightening, saddle, rushing, lining, lapping, rolling, turning, waddling, racing, mixed, mixed, side-by-side, nailing, picking, bending, stitching, looking, clinging, gluing, gluing, lapping, baiting, tack, tuck, tuck, tug, tack, tack, tack, tuck, tuck, tuck, tuck, tack, tuck, tack, tuck, tuck, tuck, scatter.
Continuous spelling of adverbs
Adverbs formed by prefixed or prefixed-suffixal ways from nouns with spatial and temporal meanings are written together ( top, bottom, front, back, side, height, depth, distance, near, breadth, century, beginning)
For instance: top → v top, v top at, before top at, To top at, on the top, etc.;
bottom → v bottom, v bottom at, With bottom at etc.;
side → v side, on the side, With side at(but: side by side, side by side)
altitude → v height
depth → v depth
distance → v distance, v gave and, poo distance;
near → v near and;
breadth → v breadth;
start → v started e, on started at, With started a;
century → v century, in century, in century and, before century at, on the century, on the century and ( but : forever and ever, from century to century).
should be distinguished adverbs that are written together, and phrases of nouns with a preposition that coincide with them in sound, written separately.
adverb noun.
Compare : go up (where?) up- climb to the top(what?) tall tree.
Adverbs formed with the help of prefixes are written together in-, on- from collective numbers.
For instance: v two, v three, v four, v ten,
on the two, on the three,
v two, v threesome, v four v ten;
( n o: for three, for five, etc.)
Adverbs formed from nouns are written together with the first part quite . For instance: quite vote, quite turnover, quite strength, quite ear, quite prices, etc.
Note: preposition combinations consonant with adverbs are written separately v and a compound word with the first part floor- and the second part - the name of the unit of measure. For instance: half a meter high, weighing half a ton.
Spelling of adverbial combinations that include nouns and numerals.
Separately written without, before, under, with and about with forms of nouns (including those not used outside of these combinations).
For instance:
without end, without tension, without bluntness, without rest, indiscriminately, without asking, without stopping, without fatigue;
to the point, beyond recognition, to the dump, half to death, to death, to the point of falling, to hell.
Do not forget, what before- with words of spatial and temporal meaning it is written together ( up, down).Remember what is merged with before- the adverb is written down to the ground .
at hand, in the evening, turnkey, at the end, down a slope, under the handle, under the force, to match, in the morning, under the guise ( but: they are written together at times, in a row, podshofe);
at death, with money;
about stock.
Separately written adverbial combinations consisting of a preposition-prefix With and genitive case forms of the noun on - y(-a ) .
For instance:
at a glance, from hunger, from fright, from the fly, from a swoop, from a swoop, from a fright, from a run, from acceleration, from a swing, on the move;
from fright, from flight, from a swoop, from a fright, from a run, from acceleration, from a swing.
Remember: written together at once, immediately, immediately;
Do not forget that adverbs formed from nouns with spatial and temporal meaning are written together, for example: side, top, bottom, first.
Separately written adverbial combinations of prepositions-prefixes v and With with the second part starting with vowels.
For instance:
in exchange, in an embrace, in short supply, close-fitting, alone, overnight, in retaliation, in an armful, in hunting, at a loss, to please, reproachfully, point-blank, reproachfully;
with a needle, from the inside out, with caution, with caution, with a hunt, with intelligence, with intent.
Separately written adverbial preposition combinations on with collective numbers.
For instance: two, three, five.
Separately written adverbial combinations formed by the repetition of nouns or numerals with a preposition and written in three or four words.
For instance:
side by side, side by side, eye to eye, from hour to hour, foot to foot, footprint to footprint, hand in hand, hand to hand, century to century, year to year, time after time, once on time, from time to time, soul to soul, word for word, one on one, two on two, three on three.
Bibliography
- Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. - 13th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2009.
- Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. - 34th ed. - M.: Education, 2012.
- Russian language. Practice. 7th grade. Ed. S.N. Pimenova - 19th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2012.
- Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. Russian language. 7th grade. In 3 hours - 8th ed. - M.: Mnemosyne, 2012.
- Didactic materials. Section "Adverb" ().
- Adverb as a part of speech ().
- Adverb as a part of speech ().
- Parts of speech in Russian ().
Homework
Exercises No. 261, 262. Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. - M.: Education, 2012.
Task number 1. Rewrite and expand the brackets.
(B) in the distance the forest is visible - (in) the blue distance the steamer disappeared; (c) smoke rises high - (c) a dove flew up into the sky; (c) a century not to forget my friend - (c) a century of electronics; (c) wears a cape - (c) wears a cape made of brocade; (at) time to come - (during) during summer vacation; (to) raise your head to the top - (to) attach a flag to the top of the tent; (on) the face there were mistakes - (on) the face a strand of hair fell; (for) tomorrow there will be fun - (for) tomorrow reschedule the meeting; (to) climb up - (to) climb the top of the mountain.
Task number 2. Rewrite by opening parentheses.
It gets dark quickly in the taiga. And despite the fact that we knew it, nevertheless, the darkness caught us (in) by surprise. Parting the heavy thorny branches and groping for the next bump with our feet, we (little) little by little moved (in) ahead. It was completely dark, but, oddly enough, there was no escape from voracious mosquitoes and midges just like during the day.
The whole day we walked (to) downstream of the river, but the river disappeared into the darkness, somewhere (from) to the left, and we had to go (at) guesswork. Fortunately, the nearest hunting hut was (apparently) not far away. And indeed, when we (one by one) crossed a narrow perch thrown across a swampy forest stream, and climbed uphill, we found ourselves in front of a hut. Without wasting a minute and rejoicing in our hearts that our calculation was justified and we (at) the time we got to the place, we tirelessly chopped needles, sawed small branches with a hacksaw and laid them (cross) crosswise. My comrade no longer looks (is) under his forehead and even begins to read poems that he once taught (on) (on) memory.
With a quiet rustle, the wind shakes the tops of the old cedars, as if foreshadowing (for) tomorrow the rain, and somewhere (in) the distance some kind of night bird screams.
ATTACHEDLY Adverbs formed by combining the prepositions B and HA with collective numbers: twice, three times Adverbs formed by combining other prepositions with collective numbers: one, two, three Adverbs formed by prefixes from other adverbs: until now, on the contrary, through, the day before yesterday Prepositions with adverbs formed from nouns starting with a vowel: in an armful, point-blank, until you drop Adverbs formed by the prefix-suffix method from adjectives: close, hard-boiled, often Prepositions with adverbs formed from adjectives starting with a vowel: open, in general Adverbs formed by a prefix from nouns, if they do not have explanatory words: at first, up, there is Adverbs formed from combinations of nouns with prepositions: on the move, on the fly, abroad, under the arms, from under the arm Adverbs in the comparative degrees: better, prettier Adverbs formed from combinations with prepositions of two nouns s: in the end, side by side, eye to eye
“A soft sign after hissing in various parts of speech” Yes Nouns 3 declensions: Mouse, rags Verbs 2 hp. unit in ex. and command. units and pl. Eat - eat Trying to Spread - spread NO B In nouns 2 cl.: Kumach, raincoat In nouns 1 cl. in the plural R.p: Dacha - dachas, cloud-clouds
I. Learn the rules first; since the beginning of spring; go to a meeting with friends; run towards; go upstairs; look at the top of the mast; in the distance of the sea; dive deep; into the depths of the river; hope for good luck; went at random; during the lesson; do the job on time; be seen in the distance blue.
II. Get close; fold in four; scatter; the three of us stood; sat in pairs; be in a dead end; carry books under the armpits; look straight ahead; say in hearts; move with difficulty; save for centuries; stay in memory forever; shatter into pieces; run a race; roll along; speak in a low voice; back down; come closer; have a quick bite; make a mockery; stand on tiptoe; forcefully persuaded; saw nearby.
Warning dictations
I. 1) Not far away, a red traffic light flashed from time to time. (V. Pronin) 2) Now you need to be twice as careful. 3) At the beginning of February, spring made its first raid. (F. Abramov) 4) We had to rush to meet the scuba divers. 5) Blue-green grass. This happens only at the beginning of summer. (F. Abramov) 6) A guy in an open leather jacket was hurrying towards me along a gravel path. 7) About two hours we still climbed up. (V. Korolenko) 8) She deftly, but gently picked him up under the armpits, lifted him up, sat him down. (V. Kataev) 9) From both banks, the taiga approached close to the water, shrouded in a violet haze in the distance. (A. Kazantsev) 10) The wind howled plaintively, as if saying goodbye to the earth forever. (A. Kazantsev) 11) People rushed in all directions. 12) Together with an umbrella under his arm, he had some small object clamped. (A. Kazantsev) 13) I took several difficult steps towards the downright brutal wind and went to the very shore. (V. Popov) 14) The boy, squinting like an adult, threatened him with a finger smeared in chocolate. (Strugatsky) 15) He seemed surprised and was silent for a while. (Strugatsky)
II. 1) An asphalt road led into the depths of a small village. (V. Pelevin) 2) All the same, a path leads deeper into it, which winds through the sparkling snow. (V. Lentsov) 3) Dangling their legs, they sat on a high wooden fence at the beginning of the embankment. (V. Pelevin) 4) And immediately a little old woman came out to meet them on the porch. (A. Adamov) 5) It began to rain, at first falling in rare drops. 6) At the beginning of September, an early frost suddenly struck. In the afternoon, puddles began to tighten with ice, the whitened grass crunched. At night, the frost promised to be strong in winter. (By E. Shima) 7 ) Subsequently, I had many times to admire the northern lights. ( AND . Sokolov-Mikitov)
III. He looked at his friends in a completely new way now. Firstly, a long journey side by side, willy-nilly, tested everyone, secondly, after all, they survived all the difficulties together, thirdly, they became closer to each other in their own way, just like in a song about a friend.
(A. Illuminatorskaya)
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