Valine(2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid L-Valine) is an essential aliphatic amino acid that has a stimulating effect. This is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. In the body, it is present in the composition of proteins and in free form. It got its name from the valerian plant.
For the first time in the course of research in 1901, the German chemist G.E. Fischer isolated the aminoisovaleric acid valine from casein.
Valine is the starting material for the biosynthesis of Vitamin B5 and penicillin. Valine is a branched-chain amino acid, which means it can be used as a powerful source of energy by your muscles.
The human body is not able to produce this amino acid itself, so it must enter it through food and special biologically active additives (BAA). In addition, you need to know how much the body's daily requirement for valine is.
The body's daily requirement for valine
The body's daily requirement for valine for an ordinary person is 3-4 grams. Depending on age, lifestyle, health status, this need for valine can range from 1.8 to 5, and in some cases up to 7 g per day. The best effect is obtained when valine is used together with and. At the same time, it is combined with all amino acids of the protein group.
But do not forget that in the lack or excess of this essential amino acid, unpleasant consequences arise, entailing damage to health.
The consequences of a lack of valine in the body
With a lack of valine in the body, immunity is weakened, memory deteriorates, sleep is disturbed, this also affects a decrease in serotonin levels, which provokes mental disorders, despondency. With frequent straining of the muscles of the body, bodybuilding, a lack of valine leads to the destruction of some of the contractile proteins. Deficiency of this essential amino acid causes frequent skin inflammation and dermatitis. Even a small decrease in the amount of valine needed by the body affects the absorption of other amino acids. Children are more vulnerable to a lack of this amino acid, especially those who adhere to a diet in the final stage of the course of food allergies. Their body requires proper nutrition, as little stress and manifestations of depression as possible. This also applies to people on high protein diets. The fact is that valine is involved in the removal of protein metabolism products, in the transport of nitrogen obtained with proteins from the liver to other tissues.
An excess of this proteinogenic amino acid can also have unfavorable consequences.
The consequences of excess valine in the body
With an excess of valine in the body, there is a fluctuation or deterioration in the passage of nerve impulses, this can manifest itself as chills throughout the body, numbness and tingling in the extremities, up to hallucinations. There may be problems with the gastrointestinal tract, blood clots, interference with the liver and kidneys. Each person should focus on this point so that you can be completely healthy people and receive only the benefits of taking valine, without negatively affecting the body.
The beneficial properties of valine
Valine, like other amino acids, is very important for the life of the body. As mentioned earlier, valine is a powerful source of energy for muscles, it is involved in their development and recovery, which is why it is so often used in bodybuilding. It supports the normal exchange of nitrogen in the body. And also, this amino acid contributes to the proper functioning of the immune system, tissue regeneration after diseases, injuries and has a positive effect on the central nervous system and the ANS.
Valine prevents serotonin levels from dropping, one of the main neurotransmitters that boosts mood and adds sparkle to the eyes. Responsible for many hormonal processes, increases the production of growth hormone, thyroid and adrenal glands. Reduces the sensitivity of a living body to pain, improves adaptation to heat and cold. And in the fight against obesity, this amino acid helps suppress cravings.
Valine is considered an important element in the treatment of bad habits such as alcoholism and smoking. Thanks to him, these weaknesses gradually disappear from a person's life.
Despite its beneficial properties, valine in the form of dietary supplements also has its own contraindications and harm.
Contraindications and harm of valine
Valine supplementation should be administered under medical supervision. Independent actions in this direction can end in a sad outcome. It is contraindicated in people with severe hepatic, renal and heart failure, children under adulthood, pregnant women, as well as during lactation, with hepatitis, diabetes, metabolic disorders of amino acids, individual intolerance.
Damage to valine can include symptoms such as nausea (vomiting), heart palpitations, hallucinations, and chills.
In order not to endanger our body, to be more beautiful, calmer and more resistant to stressful situations, you should know what foods contain valine.
Valine-rich foods
We can get valine from food of plant and animal origin. Foods with the highest amounts of valine include chicken eggs and fillets, cheeses, cow's milk, beef, salmon, squid. Valine is also found in non-milled rice, corn flour, walnuts, pistachios, peas, red beans, pumpkin seeds, and seaweed.
And you also need to know how the process of cooking food affects the content of amino acids, including valine.
Influence of food preparation process on valine content
Valine content changes during food preparation, as is the case with other amino acids. So, there is more of this amino acid in boiled form or cooked as a result of stewing meat, chicken fillets and fish than in raw, canned or fried ones. As for chicken eggs, there is more amino acid valine in fried form than in boiled and raw eggs.
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Valine belongs to one of the few amino acids that our body does not reproduce. This substance should enter the body only from the outside, along with food. This substance will be discussed in the article.
Its scientific name is 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid, or aliphatic α-amino acid, one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, is part of almost all known. 
Chemical formula: C5H11NO2
Did you know? The human body contains 5 million proteins: all of them are formed by only 22 types of amino acids.
It is one of the essential amino acids. It promotes the absorption and assimilation of other amino acids, participates in the synthesis of proteins, in particular, determines their structure. It is also the basis for the synthesis.
But still, its main role is to support the health and tone of the muscles of a person, his immune system. The liver, if necessary, converts this amino acid into glucose, and sends it to the muscles.
It is also important for human mental health and liver health, it takes part in the removal of toxic substances from their body. 
As a prophylaxis, it is used against brain damage and for the treatment of liver diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis).
Main functions and benefits
Valine is really an essential amino acid: without it, the human body has a very hard time.
In the first years of life, the child becomes vulnerable to disease, especially when the mother's antibodies cease to protect him. And this is where the correct intake of valine becomes extremely important. After all, it is he who forms and supports the baby's immune system.
A growing body also requires this amino acid to build and strengthen muscles.
Its role also increases during active mental stress, which children have during their studies. Also used to support mental health. 
For adults
But valine is not just for the development of children. Adults should also monitor their intake of this substance. After all, it has the following properties:
- increasing endurance and resistance to extreme situations;
- helps with the growth and development of muscles;
- does not allow the level of serotonin (the hormone of joy) to decrease;
- removes excess nitrogen from the body;
- helps with liver and kidney diseases. Used in the treatment of addictions (alcohol, drugs);
- increases the feeling of fullness and is used in diets and in the treatment of obesity.
- strengthens the immune system.
We can only get it with food. Therefore, it is important to determine where it is contained in sufficient quantities.
Dairy products are literally saturated with this amino acid, cheeses. Even a small amount of these foods can provide you with your daily valine requirements. 
There is a lot of it in eggs, meat, fish. Especially it is worth paying attention to quail eggs - the digestibility of this substance in them is very high.
From plant products, they are rich in legumes (beans, peas), seeds and sunflowers, pine nuts and hazelnuts.
Daily requirement and rate
A healthy person needs 2-4 grams of this amino acid per day. But this is a general average. More precisely, your rate can be calculated based on the indicator of 10 mg of valine per 1 kg of human weight.
Important! In case of disorders of the liver and kidneys, only a doctor selects the rate of valine consumption. It is extremely dangerous to independently engage in such an appointment.
About excess and lack
As you can see, this substance is useful and necessary. Its disadvantage is quite dangerous. But it is also undesirable to allow excess.
Excess
In case of an overdose, problems with the nervous system begin, chills, numbness and tingling in the extremities, hallucinations appear. There are disorders in the digestive system, blood flow becomes more complicated, liver and kidney dysfunctions appear.
With a deficiency, degenerative changes in the body begin:
- immunity is weakened;
- memory deteriorates, sleep is disturbed;
- the level of serotonin decreases, as a result, mental disorders, depression appear;
- dermatitis and other skin rashes.
Decreased valine content makes it harder for other amino acids to be absorbed. Did you know? The name of the amino acid "valine" comes from the valerian plant.
Most often, a deficiency occurs with diets, especially protein. In this case, you should carefully select the composition of foods for the diet.
Interaction with other substances
This amino acid actively reacts to proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, interacts well with "long" carbohydrates (cereals, vegetables, wholemeal bread, bread, muesli). And it also goes well with its "colleagues" - the amino acids of the protein group.
One of its functions is to help muscle growth and strength and to reduce cortisol levels. 
Therefore, it is included in the diet of bodybuilders and other athletes in protein shakes.
So, valine is an important component of our body. It helps in strengthening muscles, relieves stress, and is beneficial for athletes and workaholics. It is found in many foods, and getting the amount you need is not difficult.
Pharmacological group:
Valine (abbreviated as Val or V) is an alpha amino acid with the chemical formula HO 2 CCH (NH 2) CH (CH3) 2. L-Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. Its codons are GUU, GUC, GUA and GUG. It is an essential amino acid that is classified as non-polar. Dietary sources of valine are any protein foods such as meat, dairy products, soy products, beans, and legumes. Along with and, valine is a branched | amino acid]]. Valine took its name from the valerian plant. In sickle cell anemia, valine replaces the hydrophilic amino acids glutamic acid in hemoglobin.
Nomenclature
According to IUPAC, the valine-forming carbon atoms are numbered sequentially, starting with 1, denoting carboxyl carbon, while 4 and 4 ″ denote the two terminal methyl carbon atoms.
Biosynthesis
Valine is an essential amino acid, therefore, it must be ingested with food, usually as a component of proteins. In plants, valine is synthesized through several steps, starting with pyruvic acid. The beginning of synthesis leads to formation. The alpha-ketoisovalerate intermediate undergoes reductive amination with glutamate. Enzymes involved in this biosynthesis include:
Acetolactate synthase (also known as acetohydroxy acid synthase) Acetohydroxy acid isomero reductase Dihydroxyoxide dehydratase Valine aminotransferase
Synthesis
Racemic valine can be synthesized by bromination of isovaleric acid followed by amination of an alpha-bromo derivative: HO 2 CCH 2 CH (CH 3) 2 + Br 2 → HO 2 CCHBrCH (CH 3) 2 + HBr HO 2 CCHBrCH (CH 3) 2 + 2 NH 3 → HO 2 CCH (NH 2) CH (CH3) 2 + NH 4 Br
Valine belongs to the group of branched-chain amino acids. These substances make up approximately 70 percent of all proteins in the human body.
However, this amino acid is not produced by the body and must therefore be supplied with food or supplements.
general characteristics
In 1901, the German chemist Emil Fischer, by hydrolysis of proteins, for the first time isolated valine from casein. This amino acid owes its name to valerian. Today this substance is known as an essential amino acid that stimulates the body's activity, contributes to the formation and maintenance of its structural and functional integrity.
Valine is an aliphatic amino acid with a non-polar character. Closely related to leucine and isoleucine, with which it shares a number of properties. These hydrophobic substances rarely take part in biochemical reactions, but play an essential role in determining the three-dimensional structure of proteins. In addition, valine aids in the absorption of other amino acids.
Valine (L and D isomers) is also known as a glucogenic amino acid. That is, if necessary, the liver is able to transform this substance into glucose, which the muscles then use as an additional source of energy. In addition, it serves as a starting material for the synthesis of penicillin.
Role in the body
Valine is essential for maintaining bodily functions such as muscle and immune health.
Prevents muscle damage and supplies tissue with the extra glucose needed for energy production during physical activity. When combined with isoleucine and leucine, it promotes normal growth, tissue repair, regulates blood sugar levels, and provides the body with energy.
This essential amino acid is essential for the central and autonomic nervous system, is important for the adequate course of cognitive functions, and is essential for the proper functioning of the psyche. In addition, it is a substance that inhibits the transport of tryptophan across the blood-brain barrier.
Valine is essential for liver function. In particular, it removes potentially toxic excess nitrogen from the organ. It also helps in the treatment of the gallbladder, liver (with cirrhosis, hepatitis C) and other organs affected by alcoholism or drug addiction. It is an effective prophylactic agent against encephalopathy or brain damage caused by excessive drinking. Possesses antiviral properties. It is a precursor to penicillin.
Valine functions and benefits
Valine has many benefits. This amino acid is a real salvation for people suffering from insomnia and nervousness. Also proven to be effective in treating muscles and regulating the immune system. And those who want to lose weight, take this substance as a remedy for excessive appetite.
Other properties of valine:
- An essential amino acid with a stimulating effect, essential for muscle metabolism, growth, tissue repair and proper coordination.
- As a glucoamino acid, it provides the body with additional glucose.
- It is useful for the treatment of the liver and gallbladder.
- Helps to correct the balance of amino acids in the body (for example, in case of drug addiction).
- Promotes mental alertness, maintains a calm mood, relieves depression.
- Important for regulating nitrogen concentration in the body.
- Before entering the bloodstream, it is not processed by the liver.
- It is found in high concentration in muscle tissue.
- Any acute physical stress, as well as surgical interventions, are the reason for increasing the daily norm of valine, leucine, isoleucine.
- Facilitates getting rid of alcohol and drug addiction.
- Improves the condition of multiple sclerosis.
- It is necessary for people with hypersensitivity to temperature extremes.
Valine for bodybuilders
But perhaps the most beneficial benefits of valine are experienced by athletes, bodybuilders in particular. For athletes, this amino acid is important as a substance to restore muscle tissue, speed up metabolism and increase endurance. Bodybuilders consume valine along with leucine, which contributes to faster muscle growth and the supply of additional energy. In addition, the amino acid helps in easy recovery from injuries or overstrain.
Daily requirement
The drainage requirement for valine is approximately 2-4 g.
A more accurate individual dosage can be calculated using the formula: 10 mg of an amino acid per 1 kg of body weight (or 26 mg of a substance per 1 kg - when it is necessary to increase the dose).
However, people with liver or kidney dysfunction should not take supplemental valine without consulting a doctor. High doses of the amino acid can worsen the course of disease. Also, the intensity of valine consumption should be reduced by persons with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and in the presence of sickle cell anemia. But diabetes, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, insufficient production of enzymes, on the contrary, impair the absorption of amino acids by the body.
Amino acid deficiency
Although valine is easily replenished from food, amino acid deficiencies have been reported. The lack of this substance affects the quality of myelin (the sheath of nerve cells), and also causes degenerative neurological diseases. The shortage manifests itself in the form of the so-called "maple syrup" disease (occurs in people whose body is not able to absorb leucine, isoleucine and valine). The unusual name of the disease is explained very simply: in such patients, the urine takes on the smell of maple syrup.
In addition, an experiment on rats showed that with a lack of valine, lipid formations appear in the liver tissues. Also, an amino acid deficiency may be indicated by hair loss, weight loss, stunted growth, leukopenia or hypoalbuminemia (the level of albumin in the blood decreases sharply). And also possible damage to the mucous membranes, arthritis, memory problems, depression, muscle atrophy, sleep disturbances, weakened immunity.
People who do not have enough protein food in their diet, as well as people who are professionally involved in sports, in order to avoid a deficiency of valine, should take care of its additional intake in the form of dietary supplements.
Overdose: what is the danger
Consuming valine in too high doses can lead to hallucinations and "goosebumps". Also, regular overdoses cause liver and kidney dysfunction, increase the level of ammonia in the body. Minor overdoses of the substance cause allergic reactions, nervousness, indigestion and blood clots.
Food sources
Valine is an essential amino acid, which means there is an urgent need to replenish the substance with food.
The amino acid is found in high concentration in foods:
- animal origin: meat (beef, lamb, pork, chicken), fish, squid, dairy products, various types of cheeses;
- vegetable origin: lentils, peanuts, soybeans, mushrooms, sesame and pumpkin seeds, greens, whole grains, beans, corn flour, peas, beans, seaweed.
It is easy to get your daily dose of valine by consuming dairy products and eggs. The highest concentration of the substance is found in cottage cheese, natural yogurt, cheeses (Swiss, processed, goat, edam), as well as milk and eggs. Among the seeds and nuts, the most beneficial are pistachios, cashews, almonds, sesame seeds, and sunflower seeds. It is better to stop the choice among fish varieties on salmon, trout, halibut, and among legumes rich in proteins - choose beans, lentils or chickpeas. Porcini mushrooms and cherries, as well as wild rice, millet, buckwheat and barley are ideal for vegetarians. But still, perhaps the easiest to digest is valine from quail eggs and walnuts.
Interaction with other substances
Deciding to take Valine as a dietary supplement? Then it is important to know the rules for the use and combination of amino acids in order to get the maximum benefit.
First and foremost, valine must always be taken in combination with two other amino acids, leucine and isoleucine. Ideal balance: 2 mg of leucine and valine for every milligram of isoleucine.
The second thing to remember is that valine competes with and on the way to the blood-brain barrier. This means that the higher the level of valine in the body, the less tyrosine and tryptophan are contained in the brain cells. Given these amino acid "competitions", tyrosine and tryptophan should be taken no earlier than an hour before or after taking valine.
Third tip. This amino acid goes well with polyunsaturated fatty acids and "correct" ones (cereals, muesli, wholemeal flour products).
And the fourth rule for combining nutrients. A deficiency in valine makes it difficult for the body to absorb all the other amino acids it needs.
By following these tips, you don't have to worry about a possible valine deficiency.
L-valine Is an essential amino acid found in high concentration in muscle tissue. The body itself almost does not produce it, which means that the body must receive L-valine externally, from food or food additives. If you are on a strict diet or work out hard at the gym every day, it’s time to worry about not starting to lose muscle mass. L-valine plays a key role in processes such as: - muscle growth and recovery; - metabolism; - replenishment of energy reserves.L-valine as a product
L-Valine is great for anyone with an active lifestyle. It is rapidly absorbed and immediately delivered directly to muscle tissue, where it promotes healthy metabolism and rapid recovery. L-Valine is a simple, yet very effective dietary supplement that can help you achieve your goals faster. This amino acid is useful not only for people who exercise regularly, but also to everyone else, so it is worth considering how to include it in your diet. Since this amino acid is not produced by the body, it is very, very easy to deal with its deficiency. And L-Valine helps the body not only cope with exercise, but also endure the stress of the day, reduce stress and avoid fatigue. In small doses, L-Valine is found in foods such as fish, nuts, sesame seeds, lentils, cheese.
Time of receipt
If you want to unleash the full potential of L-Valine, take it with L-Leucine and L-Isoleucine in a 2: 2: 1 ratio. All three of these amino acids form a single chain that works most effectively in a team. Take L-valine before, during or after training.
Harm and side effects
There are still no known cases of overdose with this drug, but still carefully read the instructions on the package and follow the recommendations.
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