Suppositories to restore the vaginal microflora, as a rule, are prescribed to women who have undergone treatment for such an unpleasant and very common ailment as thrush. The restoration of microflora is required to normalize the immunity of the vaginal walls, which is responsible for preventing the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms.
Suppositories to restore microflora: specific application
As you know, an acidic environment is a natural barrier to the spread of harmful bacteria in the body. However, in order to restore the microflora, it is required, on the contrary, to lower the pH level to values in the range of 3.5-4.5. Here, lactobacilli come to our aid, capable of releasing the required amount of organic acids. However, there is another side of the problem: a lower pH is an ideal environment for the growth of candida, which, in fact, cause thrush. Therefore, suppositories for normalizing the microflora of the vagina, enriched with lactobacilli, should be used only after completing the course of treatment for thrush. In this regard, it is necessary to pass a second analysis so that the doctor is convinced that fungi are not found in the smear.
Where to start the restoration of microflora?
Most doctors recommend starting treatment with probiotics containing both bifidobacteria themselves and their waste products. In the process of their growth and development, bacteria secrete substances that have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Moreover, during therapy, it is necessary to use not only suppositories to restore the vaginal microflora containing bifidobacteria, but also to consume a liquid concentrate of bifidobacteria orally. With such treatment, the risk of recurrence of thrush in a woman is reduced by 12 times.
Drugs used to restore vaginal microflora
As already mentioned, patients, as a rule, are prescribed not only suppositories to restore microflora, but also tablets taken orally. The drugs should be prescribed exclusively by a qualified gynecologist, depending on the individual characteristics of the organism.
women and the course of her disease. The modern medical industry offers a very wide range of remedies both for the treatment of thrush and for the restoration of the vaginal microflora after an illness. Among them, the following drugs can be distinguished:
- "Vagilak" and "Ekofemin". The action of these drugs is aimed exclusively at restoring the vaginal microflora.
- "Bifidumbacterin". These are vaginal suppositories that help normalize the balance of beneficial microorganisms.
- "Lactobacterin". The action of these vaginal suppositories is similar to the action of the previous drug.
- "Vaginorm S". This drug is a pill designed to restore the normal level of acidity in the vagina.
Suppositories for the restoration of microflora, as a rule, are used if the body is unable to independently regulate the ratio of various bacteria. There are many reasons for the imbalance of bacteria in the vagina. Among them are diseases of an infectious origin, hypothermia, non-observance of the rules of personal hygiene or a sharp change in climate.
Dysbacteriosis
It is also called female dysbiosis. Its development leads to the fact that the vaginal microflora, which normally helps the immune system to resist harmful microorganisms such as fungi, viruses and bacteria, cannot cope with its functions. In the future, there is a decrease in protective properties, recurrent diseases of the genitourinary system and unpleasant sensations in the genital area, accompanied by itching, pain, burning, irritation and dryness occur.
Today, many drugs are presented in pharmacies, including vaginal suppositories to restore microflora in the female body. Let's take a look at some of them.
"Vagikal"
Vagical suppositories "Vagikal" contain active ingredients of natural origin. The preparation contains calendula extract, due to which suppositories have a bactericidal and anti-inflammatory effect. These vaginal suppositories quickly restore the vaginal mucosa, and also have a strengthening effect on the body's immune system, protecting it from external irritants.
Medicinal calendula contains pentadecylic and salicylic acids. Bacteria under their influence stop multiplying and eventually die. The drug is especially effective against staphylococcus and streptococcus. The effect of calendula on the female body is comparable to the effect of taking antibiotics, it promotes the regeneration of mucous membrane cells and prevents the formation of scars.
Normalization of blood circulation
Suppositories normalize blood circulation in the female reproductive system, which contributes to a faster removal of the inflammatory process. Also, the action of the drug is aimed at healing erosion.
Suppositories for the restoration of microflora "Vagikal" can improve the quality of life of a woman who has entered the climacteric phase. Calendula extract, which is rich in mucus and polysaccharides, helps relieve itching, dryness and irritation.
Before introducing the suppository, it must be moistened with warm boiled water. Candles dissolve rather quickly. The most commonly prescribed regimen for the use of Vagikal suppositories is two suppositories a day, in the morning and in the evening. The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor and is usually a week.
Indications
The indications for the appointment of these suppositories for the restoration of microflora in gynecology are:
- Nonspecific inflammation and vaginal discharge.
- Colpitis in women during menopause.
- Candidiasis (as part of complex therapy).
- Erosion treatment in combination with other drugs.
A side effect of "Vagikal" is an allergic reaction to the components in the preparation. Allergies are manifested by vaginal dryness and itching.
Contraindications
These candles have no contraindications. When using during the period of gestation and breastfeeding, you should first consult your doctor.
What other suppositories are there for the restoration of microflora?
"Gynoflor"
The drug is available in the form of tablets for vaginal administration. It is designed to restore female microflora and treat dysbiosis. The composition of "Gynoflora" includes the synthetic hormone estriol and lactobacilli, useful for the microflora in general.
Suppositories for the restoration of microflora after thrush are irreplaceable.
Beneficial microorganisms lodge in the vagina and create an acidic environment that inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria. Lactic acid is produced in an amount sufficient to regenerate and protect the genital tract mucosa.
Due to the vital activity of the lactobacilli that make up the vaginal tablets, bacteriocins are produced. The latter have a detrimental effect on harmful bacteria.
Estriol is a kind of estrogen that is produced by a woman's ovaries. In suppositories with lactobacilli to restore the microflora "Gynoflor" estriol is necessary in order to promote the growth of mucous membrane cells and, accordingly, their restoration. This improves the condition of the vaginal walls. In addition, estriol allows you to resist the unpleasant symptoms that occur during menopause.
Vaginal tablets "Gynoflor" increase the protective properties of the female body in opposition to external stimuli, which occurs due to the function of the barrier of the vaginal mucosa.
In what cases are they appointed?
The indications for the appointment of these suppositories to restore the vaginal microflora are:
- Treatment with antibacterial drugs.
- Chemotherapy.
- Menopause.
- Nonspecific vaginal discharge.
- Candidiasis.
- Vaginitis.
Tablets, like suppositories, should be moistened with water before being inserted into the vagina. As a rule, 1-2 tablets are prescribed per day, for a course of up to two weeks. During the period of treatment with "Gynoflor", sexual intercourse should be avoided.
As for side effects, they occur against the background of individual intolerance to the components of the drug. This can be manifested by swelling of the mucous membrane, as well as itching and burning. With such symptoms, you should stop using pills and consult a doctor.
Contraindications for the use of "Gynoflora" are:
- Bleeding.
- Tumors in the breast or reproductive system.
- Endometriosis
- The immature age of a woman.
"Bifidumbacterin"
The drug is available in the form of rectal-vaginal suppositories. The composition of "Bifidumbacterin" includes bifidobacteria of the anaerobic variety. These microorganisms have a detrimental effect on harmful bacteria, normalizing the acidity in the vagina and increasing its protective properties.
Suppositories for the restoration of microflora after antibiotics are ideal.
The drug also helps to eliminate toxins from the body. Bifidobacteria provoke the production of lactic acid, as well as vitamins B and K, simultaneously strengthening the immune system of the female body.
"Bifidumbacterin" is prescribed as an adjuvant in the treatment of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and genital herpes. The drug has an anti-inflammatory effect, therefore it is prescribed for vaginitis, colpitis and urethritis.
In addition, suppositories are prescribed in the postoperative period as a prophylactic agent. During menopause, "Bifidumbacterin" normalizes the microflora, eliminating dry mucous membranes or profuse discharge.
Another indication for the appointment of suppositories is long-term treatment with antibacterial drugs. This drug has no contraindications, it can be used during pregnancy and during breastfeeding.
The standard scheme is 1-2 candles per day, the duration of the course is from a week to 12 days. The simultaneous use of the drug with antibacterial agents is not recommended, since the effect of the latter is significantly reduced. And in combination with vitamins "Bifidumbacterin" increases their properties.
"Vaginorm"
These suppositories are an antiseptic and antimicrobial drug that helps to normalize the microflora of the female body. The main active ingredient of the drug is ascorbic acid.
"Vaginorm" increases the acidity in the vagina, thereby preventing the multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms. In this case, the effect of the drug does not apply to useful bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Thanks to this effect, the microflora in the vagina is restored.
Vaginal suppositories to restore microflora help to strengthen local immunity and have an anti-inflammatory effect. They are assigned when:
- Vaginitis.
- Colpite.
- Dysbacteriosis.
You can not use "Vaginorm" with candidiasis colpitis, as an increase in pH can lead to deterioration. Suppositories can be used for infectious diseases and menstruation.
The effect of coagulants when used simultaneously with suppositories is reduced. "Vaginorm" has no contraindications. He is prescribed one suppository once a day for a week. Undesirable reactions are possible, such as itching, burning, candidiasis and nonspecific discharge.
"Kipferon"
The drug is produced in the form of rectal and vaginal suppositories. The composition of the drug includes interferon, immunoglobulin complex and excipients.
"Kipferon" has a pronounced antiviral effect, it is especially effective against chlamydia.
The drug counteracts inflammatory processes and intoxication of the body as a result of the vital activity of harmful microorganisms. Suppositories quickly restore damaged vaginal mucosa, increasing the quality of microflora and preventing the appearance of scar tissue.
In addition, "Kipferon" helps to increase local immunity. It is often included in the treatment of cervical erosion. Also, suppositories normalize blood circulation. The indications for prescribing the drug are:
1. Vulvitis.
2. Colpitis.
3. Chlamydia.
4. Herpes of the genital type.
5. Erosion of the cervix.
6. Dysbacteriosis.
"Kipferon" is prescribed before surgery in order to minimize the risk of developing infectious diseases. You can not prescribe the drug in the first trimester of pregnancy. The duration of treatment is approximately 10 days. The drug has no contraindications, no side effects have been registered.
We examined suppositories for the restoration of microflora in women.
Women are made to reproduce. They bear, give birth and feed children, and therefore their body is very sensitive to any adverse factors. Pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, as well as stress and hypothermia significantly undermine the protective functions of the body, causing the development of a bacterial infection in the vagina. These infections include candidiasis and gardnerellosis, otherwise referred to as thrush and bacterial vaginosis. These diseases disrupt the microflora in the vagina, and therefore it is possible to get rid of them completely only by restoring the balance of beneficial bacteria.
Many women who had at least once to deal with these unpleasant ailments have repeatedly wondered how to restore the microflora after thrush. Therefore, you should consider which pharmacy products will help restore the acidic environment in the vagina, which prevents the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms.
Candidiasis develops after infectious and other diseases that reduce immunity, under the influence of the Candida fungus. The fungi themselves are not alien, since they are constantly present in the human body, taking part in metabolic processes.
In the body of healthy women, their number is very limited. They are not allowed to multiply by lactobacilli, which form a protective film in the vagina. The film acts as a physiological barrier that protects the vaginal mucosa from pathogenic bacteria.
Under the influence of various factors, lactobacilli die, and their place is taken by opportunistic microorganisms - Candida fungi. Thus, there is a violation of the acid-base balance. Even after getting rid of the signs of candidiasis after using antibacterial drugs, you cannot be sure that the thrush has receded.
Antibiotics destroy the fungal infection, but they cannot restore a healthy microflora. The number of beneficial microorganisms remains insufficient to prevent candidiasis from returning after treatment.
As you know, thrush is dangerous by the development of relapses and the transition of the disease into a chronic form. Therefore, at the final stage of treatment, the restoration of microflora after thrush is required, which consists in normalizing the acid-base balance in the vagina by colonizing beneficial bacteria.
Microflora restoration methods
After thrush or bacterial vaginosis, women need to go through a recovery phase to create a physiological barrier that will provide reliable protection against harmful bacteria.
Special suppositories, which include lacto- and bifidobacteria, help to achieve the desired results. They are inserted into the vagina, which allows the beneficial microorganisms to be delivered directly to the lesion.
How candles work
The use of suppositories after the treatment of thrush to restore microflora allows you to reduce the acidity level to a normal level, which varies in the range of 3.4-4.5. Vaginal suppositories are a probiotic - a product containing live microcultures.
The candles can also include the following components:
- lactic acid;
- vitamin C;
- herbal extracts with anti-inflammatory and regenerating properties.
The presence of additional components is necessary for the restoration of tissues damaged by pathogenic bacteria. In turn, lactobacilli, which are the basis of these drugs, reacting with the mucous membrane, begin to produce acid. In the composition of probiotics, bifidobacteria are also present - living microorganisms that have an anti-inflammatory effect and help to strengthen the immune system. For this reason, after taking antibiotics, doctors recommend that patients take orally preparations containing bifidobacteria.
Review of popular drugs
Pharmaceutical companies offer many medicines in the form of suppositories and vaginal tablets that can restore normal acidity in the vagina. The most popular are the following medicines:
- Lactobacterin;
- Bifidumbacterin;
Lactobacterin and Bifidumbacterin
These preparations contain live lacto- and bifidobacteria. Suppositories help to destroy a number of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria. Therefore, they can be used as the main treatment for thrush and bacterial vaginosis.
After being inserted into the vagina, the suppositories react, converting the glycogen produced by the epithelium into lactic acid. Living microorganisms restore the physiological barrier, promote the restoration of the mucous membrane and increase immunity.
These drugs are absolutely harmless, and therefore can be prescribed at any stage of pregnancy and during breastfeeding.
The preparation, produced in the form of suppositories, contains live acidophilic lactobacilli, which have a detrimental effect on pathogenic microorganisms. Acylact promotes the conversion of glycogen produced in the vaginal environment into lactic acid, restoring the acid-base balance and increasing local immunity.
This medication comes in the form of vaginal tablets. It includes the following components:
- live acidophilic lactobacilli;
- estriol.
Having cured candidiasis after antibiotic therapy, the appointment of vaginal tablets is made in order to restore the normal microflora in the vagina, which is facilitated by their active components.
Acidophilic lactobacilli have antibacterial activity, suppressing the activity of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. Estriol restores epithelial cells, improving the function of the physiological barrier.
This drug is available in the form of vaginal tablets, the main component of which is ascorbic acid. Vitamin C has an antiseptic and disinfectant effect on the walls of the vagina, reducing the acid-base balance and suppressing the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.
Vagilak vaginal capsules contain acidophilic lactobacilli and ascorbic acid. Their use allows both to restore the flora after thrush, and to exclude the possibility of the development of relapses of the disease.
The active ingredient of Femilex suppositories is lactic acid, which is a waste product of lactobacilli. With the help of these suppositories, it will be possible to restore the normal pH level and the required amount of lactobacilli, which will become a reliable obstacle to the growth of fungi.
This drug is available in the form of suppositories and contains acidophilic lactobacilli, which restore the physiological barrier and help maintain a normal acid-base balance in the vagina.
Ecofemin can be used not only as a restorative therapy after the treatment of thrush and bacterial vaginosis, but also as a prophylactic agent that prevents the development of inflammatory processes in the vagina.
Conclusion
Candidiasis develops due to any factors. Therefore, even after getting rid of this disease and restoring the normal microflora, one should not relax. So that in the future there is no relapse of the disease, you should adhere to certain rules:
- antibacterial and hormonal drugs should be taken only in consultation with the treating doctor;
- special attention must be paid to personal hygiene, especially the cleanliness of the external genitalia;
- pickled, sweet and salty foods that provoke the growth of the fungus should be excluded from the diet;
- in the absence of a permanent partner during sexual intercourse, it is necessary to use a condom.
Girls should remember that wearing thongs provokes the development of inflammatory processes. Therefore, they need to be replaced with comfortable cotton underwear.
Every second woman suffers from dysbiosis, a violation of the vaginal microflora. The disease is often asymptomatic and, over time, causes serious complications. What are the signs of the disease and how to restore the microflora of the vagina with medications.
Dysbiosis causes
In a healthy woman, the vaginal flora is represented by 99% lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and only 1% by opportunistic microorganisms.
This percentage is considered the norm, does not harm and does not provoke the development of any disease.
But the vulnerable and sensitive vaginal microflora is threatened by a large number of unfavorable external and internal factors. Under their influence, colonies of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms (fungi, gardnerella, streptococci, staphylococci, Proteus, Escherichia coli, chlamydia) "displace" lactobacilli with bifidobacteria. Failure occurs, and dysbiosis develops with inflammation of the vagina - vaginitis. At a certain period of life, every woman sooner or later encounters this disease.
When does this happen and how does it manifest? It all depends on how strong the pathogenic pathogen is and how strong the woman's immune defense is during this period. The development of dysbiosis can provoke:
- Reorganization of hormonal levels during pregnancy. In a healthy woman, discharge may appear or increase. They are accompanied by itching and burning, pain during sexual intercourse. Antibacterial and immunocorrecting drugs for the restoration of the vaginal microflora are not prescribed during this period. Only local treatment is indicated and, if necessary, it is allowed to be carried out repeatedly.
- General and sexual infectious diseases. Always accompanied by dysbiosis. Pathogenic microorganisms of sexual infection, together with opportunistic microflora, cause severe inflammation, which can be removed by special antibacterial drugs.
- Restoration of the vaginal microflora after antibiotic treatment is necessary, because, in addition to pathogenic microorganisms, lacto- and bifidobacteria of the vagina die. Antibiotic treatment for common infectious diseases has the same effect.
- Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with an imbalance of microflora. Anatomically, the walls of the rectum and vagina are located side by side. The proximity allows pathogenic microorganisms (E. coli, enterococcus) to easily pass this barrier.
Dysbiosis can also develop from an unbalanced diet with a large amount of carbohydrate foods. Also, one of the common causes of dysbiosis is violation of the basic rules of intimate hygiene.
Clinical picture
Vaginal dysbiosis takes place in three forms: sluggish, acute, chronic.
The disease does not manifest itself for a long time with specific symptoms, and those women whose body could not cope on its own turn to the doctor. First, the woman has a white or grayish liquid discharge. Then they acquire an intense yellow color with a thick consistency. In the acute period, a woman may complain of discomfort, moderate pain with itching and burning. If no treatment has been carried out, the disease becomes chronic, and the exacerbation alternates with remission. The death of lactobacilli, and the excessive growth of opportunistic flora lead to serious consequences - ascending infection of the uterus with appendages, urethritis, cystitis.
Symptoms that should not be overlooked and serve as a reason for contacting a gynecologist:
- the amount of discharge has become more than usual;
- the discharge has acquired an intense yellow color;
- the walls of the vagina have become "dry", there is a feeling of constant discomfort during sexual intercourse;
- worried about dryness, itching and burning of the external genital organs;
- the discharge has an unpleasant, specific odor.
For a diagnosis by a doctor, after examination, a pH meter, microscopy and bacterial culture of a smear, amine testing will be prescribed.
Therapeutic program
In modern gynecology, the program for the normalization of the vaginal microflora goes through three stages:
- Elimination of pathogenic bacterial flora (antibacterial treatment).
- Restoration of the vaginal flora.
- Supports healthy microflora.
From antibacterial drugs, if the disease has developed against the background of infections, Sumamed, Trichopolum, Amoxiclav, Doxycycline, Metronidazole, Tibertal, Ornidazole are prescribed.
The treatment includes tampons, baths, vaginal tablets, suppositories to restore the vaginal microflora. The purpose of local procedures is to suppress pathogenic microflora, normalize local immunity, and allow the normal number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli to be restored.
For treatment use:
- Dalacin (in the form of a cream and vaginal suppositories) is an antibacterial drug with the main active ingredient clindamycin phosphate.
- Flagil vaginal suppositories with the main active ingredient metronidazole.
- Vaginal suppositories Geksikon (based on chlorhexidine).
At the second stage, to restore the flora, the local immunity of the vaginal walls is corrected. Prescribe tablets Immunal, Cycloferon.
To increase the amount of useful microflora of the vagina, drugs are prescribed with strains of live acidophilic lactobacilli: Normoflorin L, B, D (liquid concentrate), Acepol (capsules); candles Atsilakt, Lactonorm Kipferon, Bifidumbacterin.
One of the most popular and effective drugs for the treatment of vaginosis is Lactobacterin in tablets and powder for solution preparation.
Intravaginal treatment lasts 10 days, starting on the 10th day of the cycle. If menstrual flow begins, no drugs are given.
The normalization of the vaginal microflora will pass faster if a diet with a sufficient amount of fresh, "live" fermented milk products is connected to the treatment.
Candidiasis
If, with vaginal dysbiosis, flora in the form of the Candida fungus predominates, this is thrush, the most common type of disease.
Symptoms of candidiasis are bright: strong cheesy discharge, burning with itching, pain when urinating, discomfort during sexual intercourse.
Thrush can develop for many reasons: hormonal disruptions, hypothermia, unbalanced nutrition, specific treatment (immunosuppressants, chemotherapy drugs). But most often it becomes a consequence of antibiotic treatment.
In gynecology, there are enough tools and techniques, but the restoration of microflora after thrush is a rather difficult task for two reasons. First, vaginal candidiasis often relapses. Second: women who self-medicate, ignorance and the wrong choice of drug only exacerbate the situation.
How to restore microflora after thrush correctly:
- Normalize the immune system.
- Eliminate local manifestations.
- To prevent relapses, use systemic therapy.
The Candida fungus is one of the many representatives of normal human microflora. Therefore, the task of treatment is not to kill, but to limit and control its reproduction.
Treatment of candidiasis
The restorative course of treatment includes local drugs (suppositories), systemic drugs (tablets, capsules). After candidiasis of a severe form, injections are indicated.
How to restore flora after thrush:
- Antifungal therapy with drugs based on clotrimazole (Kanesten), iconazole (Ginotravogen), miconazole (Klion-D).
- Antimicrobial therapy with drugs with natamycin, nystatin, levorin.
After the treatment of thrush, suppositories, vaginal tablets, ointments and topical solutions are shown to restore microflora.
The local remedy should be used regularly, 1-2 times a day and for a course of at least two weeks.
Each of the local remedies has its own characteristics:
- Livarol is effective in primary candidiasis. Quickly eliminates symptoms, with a minimum of contraindications and side effects.
- Ketoconazole is indicated for all types of fungal infections. Causes a variety of adverse reactions.
- Nystatin is indicated for chronic candidiasis. With a minimum of side effects, it does not suppress healthy microflora.
- Ginesol is used as a prophylactic and anti-relapse drug.
- Betadine has a wide spectrum of action: candidiasis, vaginal infections. Used for preoperative and postoperative obstetric treatment. The drug is approved for treatment during menstruation.
- Pimafucin is one of the few drugs that is approved during pregnancy, does not give complications and side reactions.
In order for drug treatment to give a good result and the microflora of the mucous membranes to recover, it is necessary to eliminate or reduce the influence of a number of factors: to abandon bad habits, it is reasonable to use antibacterial and hormonal drugs for medical purposes, eat rationally, and strictly observe hygiene.
Only if all conditions are met, dysbiosis treatment will give a positive result and prevent relapse.
Modern medicine has developed many good medicines that help with inflammation of the female organs, from what is often called a "feminine cold." These can be both general drugs that enter the body through the gastrointestinal tract, and drugs for topical use. Among the latter category of medicines, gynecological suppositories (suppositories), designed to be placed in natural body cavities, occupy an important place.
Indications for use
The scope of application of this type of drugs is quite wide. They can be used to treat the following conditions:
- cysts and polycystic,
- adnexitis,
- endometritis and,
- cervical erosion, endocervitis and exocervitis
- vaginitis of various nature (candidiasis, specific and nonspecific colpitis, atrophic colpitis),
- chlamydia.
In addition, suppositories are prescribed during the recovery period, after gynecological operations or abortions, or for the prevention of infections before operations, childbirth, and the installation of spirals.
Types of candles
For inflammation in gynecology, several types of suppositories are used:
- vaginal,
- rectal (suppositories in the rectum),
- candles in the form of sticks with a rounded end (for the urethra or cervix).
For each disease, a certain type of suppository is optimal - for some, vaginal suppositories are more suitable, for others - rectal suppositories.
Suppositories for female infections and inflammations can be of different shapes. Rectal suppositories are usually cylindrical, bullet-shaped, or tapered. Vaginal - ovoid, round, cylindrical or conical.
Mechanism of action
All candles are united by their mechanism of action. They consist of an active substance and a fatty base (paraffins, gelatins or glycerols). At room temperature, candles are characterized by a solid state of aggregation. However, already at the temperature of the human body (+ 36 ° C), the material of which the candle is composed begins to melt. The substances contained in the candle go out and begin their active action.
Some suppositories act exclusively locally, on the mucous membranes. However, since the superficial tissues of the vagina and rectum are saturated with small blood vessels, some of the active substances enter the bloodstream and circulate in the pelvic area, thus realizing their therapeutic effect.
Absorption into the blood occurs very quickly - about half of the active component of the candle enters the bloodstream after half an hour, and the entire substance becomes biologically available after an hour. In this case, the active components to a very insignificant extent affect the general blood flow and almost do not reach the liver and kidneys.
Another advantage of suppositories over oral dosage forms is that suppositories do not cause allergic reactions characteristic of the gastrointestinal tract.
Gynecological suppositories can have different types of action. The most commonly used candles are with the following effects:
- against infection,
- anti-inflammatory,
- restoring tissue,
- restoring the microflora of the vagina,
- anesthetic.
There are not many drugs with only one type of action. Typically, suppositories have a complex effect, that is, for example, they can simultaneously affect pathogens and relieve inflammation. Some anti-inflammatory suppositories contain vitamins necessary for the functioning of tissues, substances that stimulate local immunity, etc.
The components contained in suppositories can be both synthetic and natural substances. The main infectious agents that cause gynecological diseases are viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. Therefore, suppositories can include antiviral components, anti-fungal agents, antibiotics and antiseptics.
Antibacterial components of candles
They are various substances that kill bacteria and prevent their reproduction. Suppositories with antibiotics used in gynecology usually contain drugs such as chlorhexidine, metronidazole, co-trixomazole, penicillins, macrolides, iodine. It is important to remember that any type of antibiotic has its own indications and contraindications, and improper use of antibacterial drugs, as well as exceeding the dosage, can lead to allergic reactions, as well as suppression of the normal vaginal microflora, which performs protective functions.
Antifungal components
This type of substance is only active against pathogenic fungi. Typically, these components are equipped with vaginal suppositories. The most popular antifungal drugs are fluconazole, clotrimazole, pimafucin. As a rule, the course of treatment for fungal diseases of the genital organs takes longer than antibiotic therapy.
Anti-inflammatory components
Often, anti-inflammatory suppositories are used in the treatment of diseases. In gynecology, many drugs with a similar effect are known. They are used from what is commonly called "feminine inflammation."
The main type of substances used in the treatment of gynecological inflammations are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Their purpose is to eliminate signs of inflammation - pain and swelling. From a biochemical point of view, the mechanism of anti-inflammatory drugs is based on blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins. These can be components such as diclofenac, ichthyol or indomethacin. In some cases, the doctor may also prescribe suppositories with steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as prednisone.
Herbal ingredients
Natural ingredients are also often used in rectal and vaginal anti-inflammatory suppositories. Herbal candles may include extracts of chamomile, sage, belladonna, calendula, conifers, cocoa butter, and eucalyptus. Candles containing sea buckthorn oil have gained great popularity. These suppositories can be used in childhood and old age, during pregnancy and lactation.
Features of the use of suppositories for various diseases
Let's briefly consider the main gynecological diseases and suppositories used in their treatment. In some cases, the use of suppositories is the main method of therapy, in other cases it is a minor one. In addition, in some cases, vaginal suppositories are more effective, in others - rectal suppositories.
Photo: Lukasz Siekierski / Shutterstock.com
Vaginitis
The disease consists in inflammation of the vaginal mucosa. In fact, this is not one disease, but a whole group of diseases that can be caused by both fungi and bacteria - gonococci, chlamydia, etc. Less commonly, viruses act as pathogens. Accordingly, suppositories for the treatment of colpitis may contain various antibacterial agents, for example, metronidazole, antifungal or antiprotozoal drugs.
Nonspecific colpitis
This is the name of colpitis caused by pathogens that were among the microflora of the vagina before the onset of the disease and were not introduced from somewhere outside.
In most cases, nonspecific colpitis is caused by streptococci and staphylococci. There are also polymicrobial forms of the disease.
The main method of treatment for nonspecific colpitis is douching with solutions of disinfecting drugs, including herbal ones - chlorhexidine, potassium permanganate, decoctions of chamomile, sage, lemon balm. And the use of vaginal suppositories can be an adjunct.
The following drugs are most popular:
- Terzhinan
- Polygynax
- Mikozhinaks
- Hexicon
- Meratin-combi
- Betadine
| Betadine
The main active ingredient of suppositories is povidone-iodine. This medication is a combination of 1% iodine and polyvinylpyrroliddone. Povidone iodine has pronounced antiseptic properties and does not irritate the mucous membranes. Release form: Torpedo-shaped candles of brown color. Indications: treatment of acute or chronic vaginitis (specific or nonspecific), genital herpes, prevention of infections during gynecological procedures. Contraindications: diseases of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism, adenoma), age up to one year, herpetiformis Duhring's dermatitis, simultaneous intake of radioactive iodine. During pregnancy, the drug can only be prescribed by a doctor. Side effects: thyrotoxicosis, vaginal dysbiosis. Application: Acute vaginal infections are treated with two suppositories a day. The course of therapy is a week. For chronic diseases, one candle is used a day, and the duration of treatment is 2 weeks. Before the introduction, the candle should be moistened with water. Treatment should not be interrupted during menstruation. |
Colpitis
This disease is caused by fungi of the genus Candida, which colonize the surface of the vagina. The disease in itself does not pose a great danger, but it is not worth starting it in any case.
For the treatment of candidiasis, only suppositories with antifungal components are used. Antibacterial drugs will not work in this case.
Among the popular suppositories used in the treatment of colpitis candidiasis, it is worth noting:
- Ketoconazole,
- Itraconazole,
- Nystatin.
| Ketoconazole
Suppositories for the treatment of vaginitis caused by a fungal infection. The main active ingredient is Ketoconazole. Also, the candle contains semi-synthetic glycerides. Dosage form: The drug is produced in the form of vaginal suppositories with 200 mg of the active substance. Contraindications: first trimester of pregnancy, age up to 12 years. In the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, during lactation, under the age of 18, suppositories are used with caution. Indications: For the treatment of acute or chronic vaginal candidiasis, for the prevention of candidiasis during the course of treatment with antibacterial drugs. Application: Use one candle a day. In acute candidiasis, the course of treatment is 3-5 days, depending on the severity of the disease, in chronic candidiasis - 10 days. Candles are inserted in a supine position. |
Gardnerellosis
This is a type of colpitis caused by a special type of bacteria called gardnerella. Thus, the main purpose of the suppositories used for this disease is to destroy these bacteria. Suppositories are inserted directly into the vaginal cavity.
The most popular suppositories for colpitis caused by gardnerella:
- Macmirror,
- Terzhinan,
- Suppositories with metronidazole.
Cystitis
Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder, a disease characterized by unpleasant and painful symptoms for a woman. Signs of cystitis are burning and pain when urinating, and an increased urge to urinate.
Anti-inflammatory therapy for cystitis may include the use of vaginal suppositories. Suppositories from cystitis have analgesic, decongestant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. For cystitis, Palin suppositories and synthomycin suppositories are often used.
Candles with herbal ingredients are also effective for cystitis - belladonna, oak bark, celandine. As a rule, they are prescribed in the event that the disease has not yet passed into a severe stage.
Adnexitis
Adnexitis or inflammation of the appendages is a common gynecological disease. Most often it is caused by hypothermia of the body, and not by infectious causes. The disease is characterized by attacks of pain - aching, dull or cutting. The disease is often accompanied by fever, weakness, lack of appetite, which indicates a general intoxication of the body.
For the treatment of this disease, rectal rather than vaginal suppositories are more often used. The fact is that from the rectum it is easier for the active ingredients to enter the bloodstream in the pelvic region and reach the appendages than from the vagina. Most often, with this disease, anti-inflammatory suppositories and suppositories with anesthetic effect are used.
- Rectal candles with belladonna,
- Fluomisin,
- Indomethacin,
- Diclofenac,
- Meratin-combi,
- Mikozhinaks.
| Indomethacin
Anti-inflammatory suppositories. Available in rectal form, but can also be used for vaginal administration. Contains 50 or 100 mg of the active substance of the same name. For gynecological diseases, they are used as an auxiliary medicine. Indications: infectious and inflammatory processes with adnexitis and cystitis. Contraindications: pregnancy, lactation, Crohn's disease, severe renal and hepatic failure, bleeding, under 14 years of age. Application: Suppositories are inserted into the vagina in a supine position. Suppositories 50 mg can be used up to three times a day, and suppositories 100 mg - no more than once a day. The course of treatment is usually 2 weeks, but may be shorter, depending on the severity of the disease. |
Cervical erosion
Erosion of the cervix is a serious disease that can only be treated surgically or minimally invasively (using electrical, chemical and laser methods). Suppositories alone cannot cure it. However, suppositories can be used as an adjuvant to facilitate tissue healing and prevent infections. They can be prescribed both before and after the operation.
Popular suppositories used in the treatment of cervical erosions:
- Depantol,
- Hexicon,
- Polygynax.
Dysbacteriosis
Antibiotic treatment, no matter how it is carried out, whether in the form of pills, or in the form of using local antibacterial agents, is usually accompanied by suppression of the beneficial microflora. This applies, in particular, to the microflora that populates the surface of the vagina.
To eliminate this problem, suppositories with probiotic components are intended. They contain the necessary bacteria that could quickly colonize the vaginal mucosa and restore its protective microflora.
The most popular suppositories for the treatment of bacterial dysbiosis:
- Acylact,
- Bifidumbacterin,
- Vagilak.
Endometritis and endometriosis
Endometritis is a disease caused by inflammation of a special epithelial layer of the uterus - the endometrium. The disease can often occur after cesarean section and abortion. With it, an increase in temperature can be observed.
Endometriosis is a disease caused by abnormal proliferation of the endometrium. The etiology of the disease is not exactly clear.
With these diseases, anti-inflammatory vaginal suppositories are not the main method of treatment. This is due to the fact that they often have severe menstrual and intermenstrual bleeding, which wash out medicinal substances from the vaginal cavity. However, the doctor may prescribe suppositories for uncomplicated endometriosis, when the disease has not yet reached a serious stage.
For severe bleeding, rectal suppositories may be used. Their main task is to relieve inflammation and pain.
The most commonly used suppositories for endometriosis are Voltaren (the active ingredient is diclofenac), Polygynax and Indomethacin. Homeopathic suppositories for women Endometrin with herbal ingredients are also very popular with endometritis and endometriosis.
Method of using suppositories
In order to use the suppository correctly, you must follow the instructions supplied with any drug. However, there are general rules for their application.
In most cases, anti-inflammatory suppositories are best administered in the evening, before bed. Before the procedure, you should take a shower or wash. It must be remembered that abundant discharge from the genitals in many cases can reduce the effect of drugs. If you intend to enter a rectal suppository, then you must first empty the intestines. An enema can be used for this purpose.
Hands during this procedure should also be clean; it is recommended to wash them with soap or rinse with an antiseptic.
Any suppositories must be inserted in the supine position. The suppository must be completely inserted into the rectal or vaginal cavity. After the introduction, you need to lie down for about 15 minutes to give the candle time to dissolve.
Some suppositories must be moistened with water before insertion. It is better to clarify this question in the instructions for the drug.
Do not use sanitary towels or tampons concurrently with the administration of suppositories. The entrance to the vagina should be completely open so that there would be no obstruction to the discharge of secretions.
It is not recommended to use vaginal suppositories during menstruation (although some drugs allow such use). It should also be noted that self-medication with suppositories is unacceptable. The fact is that many candles have contraindications for certain concomitant diseases, and their use can only bring harm. Also, not all suppositories can be used during pregnancy and childhood.
Use of suppositories during pregnancy
Finding the right suppository for pregnancy is not an easy task. What is better to use in this case, can only be suggested by a gynecologist. Indeed, many antibiotics contained in suppositories are capable of penetrating the placental barrier, and can also be dangerous to women's health during this period. However, some drugs, especially those of natural origin, are legal during pregnancy.
For example, during pregnancy, you can use candles based on royal jelly. These suppositories have a wound healing effect and protect female organs from infections. They can also be used in the recovery period after childbirth. Candles based on sea buckthorn oil are also popular.
List of vaginal suppositories, indications and active ingredient
| Name | Active substances | Indications |
| Acylact | Lactobacillus acidophilus strains | |
| Betadine | Povidone iodine | Infectious vaginitis |
| Bifidumbacterin | strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum | dysbiosis of the vagina, atrophic colpitis |
| Vagilak | strains of lactobacilli | dysbiosis of the vagina, atrophic colpitis |
| Voltaren | Diclofenac | |
| Hexicon | Chlorhexidine | Infectious vaginitis |
| Depantol | Dexpanthenol, chlorhexidine | erosion and inflammation of the cervix, infectious vaginitis |
| Diclofenac | Diclofenac | inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs, adnexitis |
| Indomethacin | Indomethacin | inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs, adnexitis |
| Itraconazole | Itraconazole | candidal vaginitis |
| Ketoconazole | Ketoconazole | candidal vaginitis |
| Livarol | Ketoconazole | candidal vaginitis |
| McMerror Complex | Nystatin, nifuratel | candidal, bacterial and trichomonas vaginitis |
| Meratin-combi | ornidazole | infectious vaginitis |
| Mikozhinaks | metronidazole, chloramphenicol, nystatin, dexamethasone | infectious vaginitis |
| Nystatin | nystatin | candidal vaginitis |
| Palin | pipemidic acid | urethritis cystitis, pyelonephritis |
| Polygynax | Neomycin, Nystatin, Polymyxin B | infectious vaginitis, vulvovaginitis |
| Terzhinan | a combination of Ternidazole, Neomycin, Nystatin, Prednisolone | infectious vaginitis, vaginal dysbiosis |
| Trichopol | metronidazole | trichomonas vaginitis, endometritis, inflammation of the fallopian tubes |
| Flamax | Ketoprofen | painful mestruation, inflammation of the pelvic organs |
| Fluomisin | dequalinium chloride | infectious vaginitis |
| Evkolek | eucalyptus extract | vaginitis and vulvovaginitis |
| Endometrin | cocoa butter, calendula, sea buckthorn | endometriosis, menstrual irregularities, pelvic inflammatory disease |
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