The Bolsheviks introduced only one Jew into the first composition of the Council of People's Commissars, Trotsky L.D., who took the post of People's Commissar.

National composition Council of People's Commissars is still a subject of speculation:

Andrei Dikiy in his work “Jews in Russia and the USSR” claims that the composition of the Council of People’s Commissars was allegedly as follows:

Council of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom, SNK) 1918:

Lenin is the chairman,
Chicherin - foreign affairs, Russian;
Lunacharsky - enlightenment, Jew;
Dzhugashvili (Stalin) - nationalities, Georgians;
Protian - agriculture, Armenian;
Larin (Lurie) - economic council, Jew;
Shlikhter - supply, Jew;
Trotsky (Bronstein) - army and navy, Jew;
Lander - state control, Jew;
Kaufman - state property, Jew;
V. Schmidt - labor, Jew;
Lilina (Knigissen) - public health, Jewish;
Spitsberg - cults, Jew;
Zinoviev (Apfelbaum) - internal affairs, Jew;
Anvelt - hygiene, Jew;
Isidor Gukovsky - finance, Jew;
Volodarsky - seal, Jew; Uritsky—elections, Jew;
I. Steinberg - justice, Jew;
Fengstein - refugees, Jew.

In total, out of 20 people's commissars - one Russian, one Georgian, one Armenian and 17 Jews.

Yuri Emelyanov in his work “Trotsky. Myths and Personality” provides an analysis of this list:

The “Jewish” character of the Council of People's Commissars was obtained through machinations: not the first composition of the Council of People's Commissars, published in the decree of the Second Congress of Soviets, was mentioned, and from the many times changed compositions of the Council of People's Commissars, only those people's commissariats were pulled out that were ever headed by Jews.

So, L.D. Trotsky, appointed to this post on April 8, 1918, is mentioned as the People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, and A.G. Shlikhter, who actually occupied this post, is listed as the People's Commissar for Food (here: “supply”) post, but only until February 25, 1918, and, by the way, he was not a Jew. At the time when Trotsky actually became People's Commissar of Military Affairs, the Great Russian Tsyurupa A.D. had already become People's Commissar of Food instead of Schlichter.

Another method of fraud is the invention of a number of people's commissariats that never existed.
Thus, Andrei Dikiy mentioned in the list of People's Commissariats the never-existing People's Commissariats for cults, elections, refugees, and hygiene.
Volodarsky is mentioned as People's Commissar of the Press; in fact, he was indeed a commissar of the press, propaganda and agitation, but not a people's commissar, a member of the Council of People's Commissars (that is, in fact, the government), but a commissar of the Union of Northern Communes (regional association of Soviets), an active conductor of the Bolshevik Decree on the Press.
And, conversely, the list does not include, for example, the actually existing People's Commissariat of Railways and the People's Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs.
As a result, Andrei Dikiy does not even agree on the number of people’s commissariats: he mentions the number 20, although in the first composition there were 14 people, in 1918 the number was increased to 18.

Some positions are listed with errors. Thus, the Chairman of the Petrosoviet Zinoviev G.E. is mentioned as the People's Commissar for Internal Affairs, although he never held this position.
People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs Proshyan (here - "Protian") is credited with the leadership of "agriculture".

A number of persons are arbitrarily assigned Jewishness, for example, the Russian nobleman Lunacharsky A.V., the Estonian Anvelt Ya.Ya., the Russified Germans Schmidt V.V. and Lander K.I., etc. The origin of Schlichter A.G. is not entirely clear , most likely, he is a Russified (more precisely, ukrainized) German.
Some persons are completely fictitious: Spitsberg (perhaps referring to the investigator of the VIII liquidation department of the People's Commissariat of Justice I. A. Spitsberg, famous for his aggressive atheistic position), Lilina-Knigissen (perhaps referring to the actress Lilina M. P., never joined the government was a member, or Lilina (Bernstein) Z.I., who was also not a member of the Council of People's Commissars, but worked as a department head public education under the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet), Kaufman (possibly referring to cadet Kaufman A.A., according to some sources, was attracted by the Bolsheviks as an expert in the development of land reform, but was never a member of the Council of People's Commissars).

Also mentioned in the list are two left Socialist Revolutionaries, whose non-Bolshevism is not indicated in any way: People's Commissar of Justice I. Z. Steinberg (referred to as “I. Steinberg”) and People’s Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs P. P. Proshyan, referred to as “Protian-Agriculture” . Both politicians had an extremely negative attitude towards post-October Bolshevik policies. Before the revolution, I. E. Gukovsky belonged to the Menshevik “liquidators” and accepted the post of People’s Commissar of Finance only under pressure from Lenin.

And here is the actual composition of the first Council of People's Commissars (according to the text of the decree):
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars - Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin)
People's Commissar for internal affairs— A. I. Rykov
People's Commissar of Agriculture - V. P. Milyutin
People's Commissar of Labor - A. G. Shlyapnikov
The People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs is a committee consisting of: V. A. Ovseenko (Antonov) (in the text of the Decree on the formation of the Council of People's Commissars - Avseenko), N. V. Krylenko and P. E. Dybenko
People's Commissar for Trade and Industry - V. P. Nogin
People's Commissar of Public Education - A. V. Lunacharsky
People's Commissar of Finance - I. I. Skvortsov (Stepanov)
People's Commissar for foreign affairs— L. D. Bronstein (Trotsky)
People's Commissar of Justice - G. I. Oppokov (Lomov)
People's Commissar for Food Affairs - I. A. Teodorovich
People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs - N. P. Avilov (Glebov)
People's Commissar for Nationalities - I. V. Dzhugashvili (Stalin)
The post of People's Commissar for Railway Affairs remained temporarily unfilled.
The vacant post of People's Commissar for Railway Affairs was later filled by V.I. Nevsky (Krivobokov).

But what does it matter now? The boss said 80 - 85% Jews! So that's how it was! By the way, in new textbook history, don't forget to write it down. This certainly corresponds to the geopolitical interests of Russia, since Putin believes there...

Or do you want to correct yourself? Oh, Jews, don’t even think about it! Otherwise, blame yourself. In short, now the problem with Bolshevik repressions is definitely on you!

Here is the exact quote from the guarantor:

“The decision to nationalize this library (Schneerson - AK) was made by the first Soviet government, and its members were approximately 80-85% Jews. But they, guided by false ideological considerations, then went for arrests and repressions of both Jews and Orthodox Christians, and representatives of other faiths - Muslims - they all rated them all with the same brush. These are ideological blinders and false ideological guidelines - they, thank God, have collapsed. And today we are, in fact, handing over these books to the Jewish community with a smile."

As they say, "Ostap suffered..."

The first government after the victory of the October Revolution was formed in accordance with the “Decree on the establishment of the Council of People's Commissars”, adopted by the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies on October 27 (old style) 1917.

Initially, the Bolsheviks hoped to agree on the participation of representatives of other socialist parties, in particular the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, in it, but they failed to achieve such an agreement. As a result, the first revolutionary government turned out to be purely Bolshevik.

The authorship of the term “people’s commissar” was attributed to several revolutionary figures, in particular Leon Trotsky. The Bolsheviks wanted to emphasize in this way fundamental difference its power from the tsarist and Provisional governments.

The term “Council of People's Commissars” as a definition of the Soviet government will exist until 1946, until it is replaced by the now more familiar “Council of Ministers”.

The first composition of the Council of People's Commissars will last only a few days. A number of its members will resign from their posts due to political contradictions, mainly related to the same issue of participation in the government of members of other socialist parties.

The first composition of the Council of People's Commissars included:

Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin);
People's Commissar for Internal Affairs;
People's Commissar of Agriculture;
People's Commissar of Labor;
People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs - committee consisting of: Vladimir Ovseenko (Antonov), Nikolai Krylenko and Pavel Dybenko;
People's Commissar for Trade and Industry;
People's Commissar of Public Education;
People's Commissar of Finance;
People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs;
People's Commissar of Justice;
People's Commissar for Food Affairs;
People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs;
People's Commissar for National Affairs Joseph Dzhugashvili (Stalin);
The post of People's Commissar for Railway Affairs remained temporarily unfilled.

The biographies of the head of the first Soviet government, Vladimir Lenin, and the first People's Commissar for National Affairs are known general public good enough, so let's talk about the other people's commissars.

The first People's Commissar of Internal Affairs spent only nine days in his post, but managed to sign a historical document on the creation of the police. After leaving the post of People's Commissar, Rykov went to work for the Moscow Soviet.

Alexey Rykov. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

Subsequently, Alexei Rykov held high government positions, and from February 1924 he officially headed soviet government- Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.

Rykov's career began to decline in 1930, when he was removed from his post as head of government. Rykov, who has long supported Nikolai Bukharin, was declared a “right-wing draft dodger,” and was never able to get rid of this stigma, despite numerous speeches of repentance.

At the party plenum in February 1937, he was expelled from the CPSU (b) and arrested on February 27, 1937. During interrogations he pleaded guilty. As one of the main accused, he was brought to the open trial in the case of the Right-Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Bloc. On March 13, 1938 he was sentenced to death penalty and on March 15 he was shot. Rykov was completely rehabilitated by the Main Military Prosecutor's Office of the USSR in 1988.

Nine days after the creation of the first Soviet government, Milyutin spoke out for the creation of a coalition government and, in protest against the decision of the Central Committee, submitted a statement of resignation from the Central Committee and the Council of People's Commissars, after which he admitted the fallacy of his statements and withdrew his statement of resignation from the Central Committee.

Vladimir Milyutin. Photo: Public Domain

Subsequently, he held high positions in the government, from 1928 to 1934 he was Deputy Chairman of the USSR State Planning Committee.

On July 26, 1937 he was arrested. On October 29, 1937, he was sentenced to death for belonging to a counter-revolutionary organization of the “right.” On October 30, 1937 he was shot. Rehabilitated in 1956.

Shlyapnikov also advocated the inclusion of members of other political parties in the government, however, unlike his colleagues, he did not leave his post, continuing to work in the government. Three weeks later, in addition to the duties of People's Commissar of Labor, he was also assigned the duties of People's Commissar of Trade and Industry.

Alexander Shlyapnikov. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

In the Bolshevik Party, Shlyapnikov was the leader of the so-called “workers’ opposition,” which manifested itself especially clearly in the party discussion about the role of trade unions. He believed that the task of the trade unions was to organize the management of the national economy, and they should take this function from the party.

Shlyapnikov's position was sharply criticized by Lenin, which affected future fate one of the first Soviet People's Commissars.

Subsequently, he held minor positions, for example, he worked as chairman of the board joint stock company"Metalimport".

Shlyapnikov’s memoirs “The Seventeenth Year” aroused sharp criticism in the party. In 1933, he was expelled from the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), in 1934 he was administratively exiled to Karelia, and in 1935 he was sentenced to 5 years for belonging to the “workers’ opposition” - a punishment replaced by exile to Astrakhan.

In 1936, Shlyapnikov was arrested again. He was accused of the fact that, as the leader of the counter-revolutionary organization "Workers' Opposition", in the fall of 1927 he gave a directive to the Kharkov center of this organization on the transition to individual terror as a method of struggle against the CPSU (b) and the Soviet government, and in 1935-1936 he gave directives on the preparation of a terrorist act against Stalin. Shlyapnikov did not admit guilt, but according to the verdict of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, he was shot on September 2, 1937. January 31, 1963 Military Collegium Supreme Court The USSR rehabilitated Alexander Shlyapnikov due to the absence of corpus delicti in his actions.

The fate of the members of the triumvirate who headed the defense department was quite similar - they all occupied high government positions for many years, and they all became victims of the “Great Terror.”

Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko, Nikolai Krylenko, Pavel Dybenko. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

Vladimir Antonov-Ovseenko, who arrested the Provisional Government during the armed uprising in Petrograd, was one of the founders of the Red Army, spent many years in diplomatic work, during Civil War in Spain he was the USSR Consul General in Barcelona, providing great assistance to the Republican troops as a military adviser.

Upon his return from Spain, he was arrested and sentenced to death on February 8, 1938 “for belonging to a Trotskyist terrorist and espionage organization.” Shot on February 10, 1938. Rehabilitated posthumously on February 25, 1956.

Nikolai Krylenko was one of the creators of Soviet law, held the posts of People's Commissar of Justice of the RSFSR and the USSR, prosecutor of the RSFSR and chairman of the Supreme Court of the USSR.

Krylenko is considered one of the “architects of the Great Terror” of 1937-1938. Ironically, Krylenko himself became its victim.

In 1938, at the first session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Krylenko was criticized. Soon after this, he was removed from all posts, expelled from the CPSU(b) and arrested. According to the verdict of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, he was executed on July 29, 1938. In 1956 he was rehabilitated for lack of evidence of a crime.

Pavel Dybenko made a military career, held the rank of army commander of the 2nd rank, and commanded troops in various military districts. In 1937, he took an active part in repressions in the army. Dybenko was part of the Special Judicial Presence that convicted a group of senior Soviet military commanders in the “Tukhachevsky Case” in June 1937.

In February 1938, Dybenko himself was arrested. He pleaded guilty to participating in an anti-Soviet Trotskyist military-fascist conspiracy. On July 29, 1938, he was sentenced to death and executed on the same day. Rehabilitated in 1956.

Advocating for the creation of a “homogeneous socialist government,” Nogin was among those who left the Council of People’s Commissars a few days later. However, after three weeks Nogin “admitted his mistakes” and continued to work in leadership positions, but for more low level. He held the posts of Labor Commissioner of the Moscow Region, and then Deputy People's Commissar of Labor of the RSFSR.

Victor Nogin. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

He died on May 2, 1924, and was buried on Red Square. The name of one of the first Soviet People's Commissars is immortalized to this day in the name of the city of Noginsk near Moscow.

The People's Commissar of Education was one of the most stable figures in the Soviet government, holding his post continuously for 12 years.

Anatoly Lunacharsky. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

Thanks to Lunacharsky, a lot of historical monuments, the activities of cultural institutions have been established. There were, however, very controversial decisions - in particular, already at the end of his career as People's Commissar, Lunacharsky was preparing to translate the Russian language into the Latin alphabet.

In 1929, he was removed from the post of People's Commissar of Education and appointed chairman of the Academic Committee of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.

In 1933, Lunacharsky was sent as USSR plenipotentiary envoy to Spain. He was deputy head of the Soviet delegation during the disarmament conference at the League of Nations. Lunacharsky died in December 1933 on his way to Spain in the French resort of Menton. The urn with the ashes of Anatoly Lunacharsky is buried in the Kremlin wall.

At the time of his appointment as People's Commissar, Skvortsov served as a member of the Moscow Military Revolutionary Committee. Upon learning of his appointment, Skvortsov announced that he was a theorist, not a practitioner, and refused the position. Later he was engaged in journalism, since 1925 he was the executive editor of the newspaper “Izvestia of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and the All-Russian Central Executive Committee”, since 1927 - deputy. executive secretary of the newspaper "Pravda", at the same time since 1926, director of the Lenin Institute under the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks.

Ivan Skvortsov (Stepanov). Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

In the party press, Skvortsov spoke as an active supporter of Stalin, but did not reach the highest government posts - on October 8, 1928, he died of serious illness. The ashes are buried in the Kremlin wall.

One of the main leaders of the Bolsheviks, the second person in the party after Lenin, completely lost in the internal party struggle in the 1920s, and in 1929 was forced to leave the USSR as a political emigrant.

Lev Bronstein (Trotsky). Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

Trotsky continued his correspondence confrontation with Stalin's course until 1940, until it was interrupted in August 1940 by an ice pick blow from an NKVD agent. Ramon Mercader.

For Georgy Oppokov, serving as People's Commissar for several days became the pinnacle of his political career. Subsequently, he continued his activities in secondary positions, such as chairman of the Oil Syndicate, chairman of the board of Donugol, deputy chairman of the State Planning Committee of the USSR, member of the bureau of the Commission of Soviet Control under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.

Georgy Oppokov (Lomov). Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

In June 1937, as part of the “Great Terror”, Oppokov was arrested and, according to the verdict of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, was executed on December 30, 1938. Posthumously rehabilitated in 1956.

Like other supporters of creating a government from among members of various socialist parties, Teodorovic announced his resignation from the government, but fulfilled his duties until December 1917.

Ivan Teodorovich. Photo: Public Domain

Later he was a member of the board of the People's Commissar of Agriculture, and since 1922, deputy people's commissar of agriculture. In 1928-1930 general secretary Peasant International.

Arrested on June 11, 1937. Sentenced by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on September 20, 1937 on charges of participation in an anti-Soviet terrorist organization to death and executed on the same day. Rehabilitated in 1956.

Avilov held his post until the decision to create a coalition government with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, after which he changed the post of People's Commissar to the post of assistant director of the State Bank. Later he held various positions of the second rank, and was the People's Commissar of Labor of Ukraine. From 1923 to 1926, Avilov was the leader of the Leningrad trade unions and became one of the leaders of the so-called “Leningrad opposition,” which ten years later became fatal for him.

Nikolay Avilov (Glebov). Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

Since 1928, Avilov headed Selmashstroy, and since 1929 he became the first director of the Rostov agricultural machinery plant Rostselmash.

On September 19, 1936, Nikolai Avilov was arrested on charges of terrorist activities. On March 12, 1937, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR sentenced him to death on charges of participation in a counter-revolutionary terrorist organization. The sentence was carried out on March 13, 1937. Rehabilitated in 1956.

Anti-Semite's Handbook

American media accused Putin of anti-Semitism

The largest Jewish newspaper in the United States, The Jewish Press, about anti-Semitism. It is a lie that the members of the first Soviet government “approximately 80-85% were Jews.” The newspaper strongly disagrees with these claims, calling them "an old anti-Semitic lie."

“Some false anti-Semitic statements do not die,” writes the author of the publication and laments that they are again being made public by “brutal Russian and other politicians,” and this can bring “a lot of pain” to Jews in their countries. The publication calls on all journalists to fight such statements, especially when they are heard from high political heights.

To prove that the Soviet government was not in fact Jewish, the newspaper provides a list of people's commissars, indicating which of the Red commissars had Jewish roots, and ultimately comes to the conclusion that only Leon Trotsky was “definitely a Jew”, and the rest are not here. how.

The newspaper classified Vladimir Lenin, who died in 1924, as a non-Jew (Lenin’s Jewish roots were hidden for a long time by the CPSU Central Committee. - Note KM.RU).

Government Secretary Nikolai Petrovich Gorbunov, executed in 1938, is not a Jew.

People's Commissar of the RSFSR for agriculture Vladimir Pavlovich Milyutin, executed in 1937, is not a Jew.

People's Commissar Nikolai Krylenko, executed in 1938, is not a Jew.

People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs Pavel Dybenko, the “Ukrainian Cossack” executed in 1938, is not a Jew.

People's Commissar of Trade and Industry of the RSFSR Viktor Nogin, who died of natural causes in 1924, is not a Jew.

People's Commissar of Education of the RSFSR Anatoly Lunacharsky, who died of natural causes in 1933, is not a Jew.

People's Commissar of Food Ivan Teodorovich (Polish origin), executed in 1937: nowhere is there any mention that he was a Jew, which means he is not a Jew.

People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the RSFSR Leon Trotsky, killed in Mexico in 1940. This one is, yes, a Jew.

People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR Alexey Rykov, whose parents were peasants from the village of Kukarka, executed in 1938, is very likely not a Jew.

People's Commissar of Justice of the RSFSR Georgy Opokov, dismissed in 1918 and executed in 1937, is not a Jew.

People's Commissar of Labor of the RSFSR Alexander Shlyapnikov, executed in 1937, comes from a family of Old Believers - something like Russian Protestants. Not a Jew, which his faith completely excludes.

People's Commissar of Nationalities Joseph Stalin, who died of natural causes in 1953, is as far from the Jews as possible.

People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs of the RSFSR Nikolai Glebov-Avilov, executed in 1937, is not a Jew.

People's Commissar of Railways of the RSFSR - the position was vacant, so there were no Jews there.

People's Commissar of Finance Ivan Skvortsov-Stepanov, who died of natural causes in 1928, was not a Jew.

People's Commissar for social issues, then diplomat Alexandra Kollontai, who died of natural causes in 1952, is not Jewish.

Data from Wikipedia:

Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars - Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin)
People's Commissar for Internal Affairs - A. I. Rykov
People's Commissar of Agriculture - V. P. Milyutin
People's Commissar of Labor - A. G. Shlyapnikov
The People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs is a committee consisting of: V. A. Ovseenko (Antonov) (in the text of the Decree on the formation of the Council of People's Commissars - Avseenko), N. V. Krylenko and P. E. Dybenko
People's Commissar for Trade and Industry - V. P. Nogin
People's Commissar of Public Education - A. V. Lunacharsky
People's Commissar of Finance - I. I. Skvortsov (Stepanov)
People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs - L. D. Bronstein (Trotsky)
People's Commissar of Justice - G. I. Oppokov (Lomov)
People's Commissar for Food Affairs - I. A. Teodorovich
People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs - N. P. Avilov (Glebov)
People's Commissar for Nationalities - I. V. Dzhugashvili (Stalin)
The post of People's Commissar for Railway Affairs remained temporarily unfilled.

The vacant post of People's Commissar for Railway Affairs was later filled by M.T. Elizarov. On November 12, in addition to the Resolution on the creation of the Council of People's Commissars, Kollontai, Alexandra Mikhailovna, the first female minister in the world, was appointed People's Commissar of State Charity. On November 19, Essen, Eduard Eduardovich, was appointed People's Commissar of State Control.

The historical first composition of the Council of People's Commissars was formed in conditions of a tough struggle for power. In connection with the demarche of the executive committee of the Vikzhel railway trade union, which did not recognize the October Revolution and demanded the formation of a “uniform socialist government” from representatives of all socialist parties, the post of People's Commissar of Railways remained unfilled. Subsequently, in January 1918, the Bolsheviks managed to split the railway trade union by forming an executive committee, parallel to Vikzhel, Vikzhedor, consisting mainly of Bolsheviks and left Socialist Revolutionaries. By March 1918, Vikzhel's resistance was finally broken, and the main powers of both Vikzhel and Vikzhedor were transferred to the People's Commissariat of Railways.

The People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs was formed as a collegium, consisting of Antonov-Ovseenko, Krylenko, Dybenko.

Updated 24 Dec 2013. Created June 22, 2013