As of 2011, the population of Bulgaria was about 7.3 million people, and the largest cities were Sofia (1.3 million), Plovdiv (376 thousand) and Varna (344 thousand). Bulgarians are the main ethnic group in the country and make up 85% of the population. In addition to them, Turks, Gypsies, Armenians, Greeks and Macedonians also live here. And the only official language of the state is Bulgarian.
During the first half of the twentieth century, Bulgaria had a good population growth, but after the Second World War, this figure began to decline. Therefore, until now, the government continues to stimulate young citizens in every possible way in terms of increasing the birth rate. Abortions are limited and various benefits are provided for large families.
The number of inhabitants in the country is gradually decreasing
However, as of 2010, the birth rate in Bulgaria was 10 ppm, which is 0.7 ppm less than the European average. And the mortality rate that year reached 14.6 ppm, which is 4.9 ppm more than the European average.
The life expectancy of the population is 76.5 years. Moreover, for men this indicator is 70 years old, and for women - 77.2. It was also noted that the number of residents in cities is increasing faster than in villages. Therefore, it is not surprising that more than 70 percent of the population of Bulgaria is concentrated in cities.
Bulgarians are part of the Slavic people
Scientists attribute modern Bulgarians to the South Slavs and believe that the Turks who came from Central Asia had a significant influence on their formation. In those days they were called Bulgars. Back in the 5th century AD, this people founded several states at once on the territory between the Volga and the Urals. And in the 7th century, Great Bulgaria became a solid power, which was located in the Azov and Black Sea steppes.
For some reason, this country soon disintegrated, and after three hundred years, according to their ethnic basis, the Bulgarians could be counted among the Slavs. During the same period of time, Christianity became the official religion of the state. And the national unification of the Bulgarians was promoted by Cyril and Methodius, who introduced the Cyrillic script in Bulgaria. Therefore, the Slavic culture began to dominate and supplanted the influence of Byzantium.
Despite the gradual decline in the population of Bulgaria, its modern society is quite homogeneous in terms of both ethnic and religious composition. Turks are now the largest national minority (about 9% of the population), and there are also Roma areas in many cities.
In 1878, after the liberation of Bulgaria from Turkish rule by many ethnic Bulgarians, they moved to the new independent state from neighboring regions, especially from Thrace, Macedonia and Dobrudja, and from 1880 to 1945 they numbered about 698,000 people.
human. Large migratory flows were directed both to Bulgaria and after it after the First World War. About 250,000 Bulgarians moved from the traction part of Greece to Bulgaria, and 40,000 Greeks moved from Bulgaria to Greece. 200 thousand Turks moved to Turkey.
Almost 30 thousand Turks moved from Bulgaria to Turkey in 1939-1945 and approx. 160,000 in 1949-1951 were forcibly deported to their ethnic homeland under the communist regime.
Romanian territory of South Dobrudja with a population of approx. In September 1940, 300 thousand people left Bulgaria. 45,000 Jews from 1948 to 1954 moved from Bulgaria to Israel. In 1947-1951. 1800 refugees were in Yugoslavia (Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia), 1946-1947. 5000 Soviets were returned to the Soviet Union.
In the early 70s, there were more than 35 thousand of them.
The Turks moved to Turkey in accordance with a 1968 bilateral agreement. In the summer of 1989, in response to the forced assimilation policy that the communist regime sought to destroy the ethnic identity of the Turks in 1984-1985, they forced them to take Slavic names and suppress every desire to maintain ethnic and religious independence, another 360 thousand.
The Bulgarian Turks left the country. By the end of the 90s, about half of them returned to Bulgaria.
The size of the internal migration of the population in Bulgaria after the Second World War was larger than in other countries of Eastern Europe, apparently due to rapid urbanism. From 1965 to 1975, the number of migrants per 1000 population increased from 14 to 24, and in subsequent years it began to decrease. The average population density in Bulgaria is 80 people per 1 sq. Km.
km. Higher (100-: 120 people per square kilometer) at the bottom of the Upper Frak. Danube plain, as well as in some intermountain caves (Sofia, Pernik).
Much less often inhabited mountainous areas, where the population density is below 30 people per square.
Population in Bulgaria in numbers
km. In general, according to experts, there are at least 580 thousand ethnic Bulgarians living outside the country, more than half of them in southwestern Ukraine and southern Moldova, where they settled in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
There are small Bulgarian communities in Romania and Hungary. The number of Bulgarian immigrants to the United States is small: about 700 Bulgarian settlements, especially in the industrial cities of the northeastern state and around the Great Lakes.
The industrialization of Bulgaria unfolded after the Second World War, which was followed by a rapid growth of the urban population: 25% in 1946 to 68%, according to the 1992 census, the largest cities in Bulgaria are relatively small; in 1978
Of 214 cities, only 10 people had more than 100 thousand inhabitants. All these cities are the main economic and cultural centers of the regions. Among them are its size and variety of functions for the capital Sofia (over 1 million inhabitants), the commercial center of the Marita lowland (350 thousand), Plovdiv, the main seaports of Varna (300 thousand) and Burgas (200 thousand). industrial center and main port on the Danube Ruse (170 thousand inhabitants).
During the years of power of the people, many new cities appeared in the country - on the site of large villages, train stations, in connection with the construction of mining companies (Rudozem, Laki, Bobov Dol, etc.), Industrial enterprises (Dmitrovgrad, Devnya) and the creation of places (Velingrad.
Hisarya and others).
Urbanization rapidly increased the urban population, which stood at 46.5% in 1965 and 69.3% in 2002. In Bulgaria, retirement is gradually increasing. In 2003, the number of women was 57 years old and for men - 62 years old.
Education level of the population: 52% over 7 years old have higher and secondary education (2001).
With industrialization, it is closely associated with the rapid process of urbanization, as can be seen from the increase in the post-war period, the proportion of urban residents per one inhabitant is 2.5 times (from 24% in 1945 to 60% in 1979). During this period, the number of inhabitants in Bulgaria increased by 2 million.
not only are people and cities absorbing all this increase, but so many people from rural areas. The density of the rural population in the country has decreased (with the exception of the Rhodope region). This process influenced the distribution of the population: it led to the displacement of part of the population from some northern agrarian regions and from mountainous regions to the south to more industrialized regions.
More about the topic:
In 1965-85. There was a trend towards an increase in the population (from 8.2 to 8.9 million people), which was in the 1990s. swapped places. At the beginning. In 2002, the number of residents decreased by 11% compared to 1985.
The ethnic composition of the population is dominated by Bulgarians (about 84%, 2001). Other ethnic groups include the majority of Turks (9.5%) and Roma (4.6%). According to the 2001 census, 84.5% of the population is Bulgarian, 9.6% is Turkish, 4% is Roma.
The relationship between fertility and mortality in the 20th century. caused a downward trend in natural population growth, which is up to the end. The 1980s were positive. In 2001, the birth rate was 8.6%, the mortality rate was 14.1%, and the infant mortality rate was 14.4%.
for 1000 newborns. In the nineties. natural growth turned negative: -5.5% (2001). Average life expectancy (1998-2000) - 71.7 years, incl. men - 68.2, women - 75.3 years.
There is an aging population. The age structure of the share of young people (under 20) decreased from 51.1% in 1900 to 21.8% in 2001, and the elderly (60 years and older) increased from 8.4 to 22.5% in 1956 ... With an abundance of female population, the shoot grows.
National composition of Bulgaria
In 2002, men accounted for 48.7% of the population, women - 51.3% and 1.053 women - 1000 people. Urbanization rapidly increased the urban population, which stood at 46.5% in 1965 and 69.3% in 2002.
Gradually, retirement in the Pensioner increases. In 2003, it was 57 for women and 62 for men. Education level of the population: 52% over 7 years old have higher and secondary education (2001).
The dominant religion is Orthodox, numbering about 82.6% of the population, 12.2% are Muslims, 0.6% are Catholics, 0.5% are Protestants, 3.6% do not define themselves (2001).
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All information about the country of Bulgaria is freely available. Based on the materials of the site, you can learn about the culture, history, geography and economy of the country. You never know which part of the world you are in, it is better to familiarize yourself with the specifics of a particular country in advance. You can find interesting and inexpensive research from the report “Population of Bulgaria”.
Population of Bulgaria
Demography.
As a result of territorial changes and natural growth, the population of Bulgaria increased from 3.155 million in 1880 to 7.54 million. people in 2003.
The birth rate, once one of the highest in Europe (36.6 per 1000 inhabitants in 1920-1924), fell sharply after the Second World War. In the decade after 1966, it grew slightly as the state, changing the old demographic policy, began to encourage large families and to restrict abortion.
However, this policy did not change the demographic situation. In 1980, the birth rate was 15.5 people per 1000 inhabitants, and the death rate was 10.5 people; in 1989 these indicators were 12.9 and 12.0, respectively, in 1994 - 9.4 and 13.2, and in 2003 - 8.02 and 14.34.
The natural population growth in 1989 was 0.1, and since 1990 there has been a tendency towards depopulation. In 1990, the country's population decreased by 0.4%, in 1994 - by 3.8%, and in 2003 - to 1.09%. According to the official Bulgarian statistics, the infant mortality rate from 1966 to 2003 fell from 25 to 13.7 people per 1000 newborns. Life expectancy in July 2003 was 68.26 years for men and 75.56 years for women and was one of the lowest in Europe.
The rapid pace of urban population growth has led to a change in the country's traditional rural lifestyle. In 1976 the share of the urban population was 59%, in 1996 it reached 70%.
Ethnic roots.
Bulgarians belong to the southern group of Slavs. During the period of their ethnic formation, an important component was the Bulgars (Bulgars) - a Turkic people of Asian origin, who in the 5th century.
AD created their states between the Volga and the Ural mountains. Founded in the 7th century. AD a fairly strong state union on the territory between the Don and Kuban was called Great Bulgaria, ruled by Khan Kubrat.
Under pressure from other Asian tribes moving westward, mainly the Khazars, this alliance collapsed. One group of Bulgars, led by Kotrag, was pushed back to the north - to the Middle Volga region. Here in the 14-15 centuries. a feudal state of Volga-Kama Bulgaria was formed with the capital Bulgar (or Bulgar) - a large trade center that existed until the appearance in the 15th century. Kazan Khanate.
The second group, led by Asparukh, the son of Kurbat, moved westward along the Black Sea coast, and then up the Danube.
They crossed this river and together with the Slavic tribes in 681 AD. created the Bulgarian state in Moesia and Dacia (now it is the northeastern part of Bulgaria). The nomads of the Bulgars soon assimilated with the local Slavic population; they adopted their language and largely the way of life of the rural Slavs. Local Thracian tribes also assimilated with the Bulgars.
Bulgarians on their ethnic basis became clearly Slavs. They retained the self-definition of "Bulgarians", perhaps because in the 7-8 centuries.
in political life the Bulgar aristocracy dominated. The adoption of Christianity as the official religion in 864 and the introduction and spread of the Slavic alphabet (Cyrillic) contributed to the process of national cohesion.
Early Bulgarian society developed under the influence of two main cultures - Byzantine and Turkish.
Bulgarian belongs to the South Slavic group of the Indo-European family and is the oldest of the Slavic written languages.
In 862 or 863, the brothers Cyril and Methodius from the Greek city of Thessaloniki created the Old Bulgarian alphabet (Glagolitic). The Russian version of the Old Bulgarian alphabet (Church Slavonic) contributed to the spread of literacy in Eastern Europe. The Cyrillic alphabet, named after the Slavic educator Cyril, is now used.
The modern Bulgarian language was formed during the period of national revival (18-19 centuries), mainly on the basis of the folk dialect, which was spoken by the population of the Stara Planin and Sredna Gora mountains.
In 1945 the alphabet was simplified by eliminating some letters that had no phonetic value.
Before industrialization began, the urban population grew very slowly (18.8% in 1887 and only 21.4% in 1934). In the 1950s, 1/3 of the country's population lived in cities, and by 1989 the number of urban residents had doubled. As of December 1995, there were 9 cities in Bulgaria with a population of over 100 thousand.
people (in 1989 there were 10): Sofia - 1114 thousand (the population of the capital decreased by about 200 thousand compared to 1989), Plovdiv - 341.4 thousand, Varna - 308.6 thousand, Burgas - 196 thousand. , Ruse - 170 thousand, Stara Zagora - 150.5 thousand, Pleven - 130.8 thousand, Dobrich - 104.5 thousand, Sliven - 106.2 thousand. The population of each of these cities decreased by 10-20 thousand people compared to 1989. 93.3 thousand people lived in Shumen in 1995 (in 1989 - 110.8 thousand).
The main ports of the country are Burgas on the Black Sea and Ruse on the Danube.
The main world famous resort area is located on the Black Sea coast around Varna. Stara Zagora is the main railway junction in Bulgaria.
Ethnic and religious groups.
The vast majority of the population is Bulgarians (85.67%), including a small percentage of “Macedonians” who are officially considered ethnic Bulgarians. The largest national minority, the Turks, number, according to the 1992 census, 800 thousand.
or 9.43% of the total population. These are mainly peasants who settled during the period of the rule of the Ottoman Turks. Nowadays they are concentrated in the northeastern and southern regions of Bulgaria. Small groups of Roma are also represented (3.69%, according to various sources, their number is from 300 thousand.
up to 800 thousand people), Armenians (0.16%), Romanians, Jews, Greeks and others (only about 1%). In 1998, a program for the integration of ethnic minorities was adopted, supported by the EU countries, as well as Turkey.
Migration.
The size of the internal migration of the population in Bulgaria after the Second World War was larger than in other countries of Eastern Europe, apparently due to the rapid pace of urbanization.
From 1965 to 1975, the number of migrants per 1000 inhabitants increased from 14 to 24, in subsequent years it began to decline.
After the liberation of Bulgaria from Turkish rule in 1878, many ethnic Bulgarians moved to the new independent state from neighboring regions, especially from Thrace, Macedonia and Dobrudja, and during the period from 1880 to 1945 their total number was approximately 698 thousand people. Large migratory flows headed both to Bulgaria and beyond after the First World War.
About 250 thousand Bulgarians moved from the Thracian part of Greece to Bulgaria, and 40 thousand Greeks moved from Bulgaria to Greece. 200 thousand Turks emigrated to Turkey. Almost 30 thousand more
Turks moved from Bulgaria to Turkey in 1939-1945 and approx. 160 thousand in 1949-1951 were forcibly deported to their ethnic homeland under the communist regime. Romanian territory of South Dobrudja with a population of approx.
300 thousand people in September 1940 went to Bulgaria. 45 thousand Jews in 1948-1954 moved from Bulgaria to Israel. In 1947-1951 approx. 1800 refugees ended up in Yugoslavia, in 1946-1947 approx. 5 thousand Armenians were repatriated to Soviet Armenia. In the early 1970s, over 35,000 Turks emigrated to Turkey in accordance with the 1968 bilateral agreement.
Bulgaria Population
In the summer of 1989, another 360 thousand Bulgarian Turks left the country. This was a response to the violent assimilation policy pursued by the communist regime, which tried in 1984-1985 to completely destroy the ethnic identity of the Turks, forcing them to adopt Slavic surnames and suppressing any desire to maintain national and religious independence; by the end of the 1990s, about half of them had returned to Bulgaria.
In general, according to experts, at least 580 thousand
ethnic Bulgarians live outside the country, more than half of them in southwestern Ukraine and southern Moldova, where they settled in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Small Bulgarian communities exist in Romania and Hungary. The number of Bulgarian immigrants to the United States is small: there are approximately 700 Bulgarian settlements, mainly in industrial urbanized areas in the north-east of the country and around the Great Lakes.
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Bulgaria >> Population and characteristics of social development
The population and characteristics of social development undoubtedly affect the economic and political situation of the country, therefore it is also important to consider such aspects of the Republic of Bulgaria as demographic, ethnic, features of internal and external migration, population density and the location of cities and major ports.
Demography .
As a result of territorial changes and natural growth, the population of Bulgaria increased from 3.155 million in 1880 to 7.54 million. people in 2003. The birth rate, in the past one of the highest in Europe (36.6 per 1000 inhabitants in 1920-1924), fell sharply after the Second World War.
In the decade after 1966, it grew slightly as the state, changing the old demographic policy, began to encourage large families and to restrict abortion.
However, this policy did not change the demographic situation. In 1980, the birth rate was 15.5 people per 1000 inhabitants, and the death rate was 10.5 people; in 1989 these indicators were 12.9 and 12.0, respectively, in 1994 - 9.4 and 13.2, and in 2003 - 8.02 and 14.34. The natural population growth in 1989 was 0.1, and since 1990 there has been a tendency towards depopulation. In 1990, the country's population decreased by 0.4%, in 1994 - by 3.8%, and in 2003 - to 1.09%.
According to the official Bulgarian statistics, the infant mortality rate from 1966 to 2003 fell from 25 to 13.7 people per 1000 newborns. Life expectancy in July 2003 was 68.26 years for men and 75.56 years for women and was one of the lowest in Europe. The rapid pace of urban population growth has led to a change in the country's traditional rural lifestyle.
In 1976 the share of the urban population was 59%, in 1996 it reached 70%.
Ethnic roots ... Bulgarians belong to the southern group of Slavs. During the period of their ethnic formation, an important component was the Bulgars (Bulgarians) - a Turkic people of Asian origin, who in the 5th century. AD created their states between the Volga and the Ural mountains. Founded in the 7th century. AD a fairly strong state union on the territory between the Don and Kuban was called Great Bulgaria, ruled by Khan Kubrat.
Under pressure from other Asian tribes moving westward, mainly the Khazars, this alliance collapsed. One group of Bulgars, led by Kotrag, was pushed back to the north - to the Middle Volga region. Here in the 14-15 centuries. a feudal state of Volga-Kama Bulgaria was formed with the capital Bulgar (or Bulgar) - a large trade center that existed until the appearance in the 15th century.
Kazan Khanate. The second group, led by Asparukh, the son of Kurbat, moved westward along the Black Sea coast, and then up the Danube.
They crossed this river and together with the Slavic tribes in 681 AD. created the Bulgarian state in Moesia and Dacia (now it is the northeastern part of Bulgaria). The nomads of the Bulgars soon assimilated with the local Slavic population; they adopted their language and largely the way of life of the rural Slavs.
Local Thracian tribes also assimilated with the Bulgars. By the 10th century. Bulgarians on their ethnic basis became clearly Slavs.
They retained the self-definition of "Bulgarians", perhaps because in the 7-8 centuries. in political life the Bulgar aristocracy dominated. The adoption of Christianity as the official religion in 864 and the introduction and spread of the Slavic alphabet (Cyrillic) contributed to the process of national cohesion. Early Bulgarian society developed under the influence of two main cultures - Byzantine and Turkish.
Both of them had a serious impact on the formation of the population of Bulgaria.
Language ... Bulgarian belongs to the South Slavic group of the Indo-European family and is the oldest of the Slavic written languages. In 862 or 863, the brothers Cyril and Methodius from the Greek city of Thessaloniki created the Old Bulgarian alphabet (verb).
The Russian version of the Old Bulgarian alphabet (Church Slavonic) contributed to the spread of literacy in Eastern Europe. The Cyrillic alphabet, named after the Slavic educator Cyril, is now used. The modern Bulgarian language was formed during the period of national revival (18-19 centuries), mainly on the basis of the folk dialect, which was spoken by the population of the Stara Planin and Sredna Gora mountains.
In 1945 the alphabet was simplified by eliminating some letters that had no phonetic value. Cities. Before industrialization began, the urban population grew very slowly (18.8% in 1887 and only 21.4% in 1934). In the 1950s, 1/3 of the country's population lived in cities, and by 1989 the number of urban residents had doubled. As of December 1995, there were 9 cities in Bulgaria with a population of over 100 thousand.
people (in 1989 there were 10): Sofia - 1114 thousand (the population of the capital decreased by about 200 thousand compared to 1989), Plovdiv - 341.4 thousand, Varna - 308.6 thousand, Burgas - 196 thousand. , Ruse - 170 thousand, Stara Zagora - 150.5 thousand, Pleven - 130.8 thousand, Dobrich - 104.5 thousand, Sliven - 106.2 thousand. The population of each of these cities decreased by 10-20 thousand people compared to 1989. In 1995, 93.3 thousand people lived in Shumen.
people (in 1989 - 110.8 thousand). The main ports of the country are Burgas on the Black Sea and Ruse on the Danube. The main world famous resort area is located on the Black Sea coast around Varna. Stara Zagora is the main railway junction in Bulgaria.
Ethnic and religious groups .
Bulgaria, a fairly homogeneous country in terms of ethnic and religious composition, has become even more homogeneous as a result of the emigration processes after the Second World War.
The vast majority of the population is Bulgarians (85.67%), including a small percentage of “Macedonians” who are officially considered ethnic Bulgarians. According to the 1992 census, the largest national minority - the Turks - account for 800 thousand, or 9.43% of the total population. These are mainly peasants who settled during the period of the rule of the Ottoman Turks.
Nowadays they are concentrated in the northeastern and southern regions of Bulgaria. Small groups of Roma are also represented (3.69%, according to various sources their number ranges from 300 thousand to 800 thousand people), Armenians (0.16%), Romanians, Jews, Greeks and others (only about 1%) ... In 1998, a program for the integration of ethnic minorities was adopted, supported by the EU countries, as well as Turkey.
Migrations ... The size of the internal migration of the population in Bulgaria after the Second World War was larger than in other countries of Eastern Europe, apparently due to the rapid pace of urbanization.
From 1965 to 1975, the number of migrants per 1000 inhabitants increased from 14 to 24, in subsequent years it began to decline. After the liberation of Bulgaria from Turkish rule in 1878, many ethnic Bulgarians moved to the new independent state from neighboring regions, especially from Thrace, Macedonia and Dobrudja, and during the period from 1880 to 1945 their total number was approximately 698 thousand.
human. Large migratory flows headed both to Bulgaria and beyond after the First World War. About 250 thousand Bulgarians moved from the Thracian part of Greece to Bulgaria, and 40 thousand Greeks moved from Bulgaria to Greece.
200 thousand Turks emigrated to Turkey. Almost 30 thousand more Turks moved from Bulgaria to Turkey in 1939-1945 and approx. 160 thousand in 1949-1951 were forcibly deported to their ethnic homeland under the communist regime.
Romanian territory of South Dobrudja with a population of approx. 300 thousand people in September 1940 went to Bulgaria. 45 thousand Jews in 1948-1954 moved from Bulgaria to Israel. In 1947-1951 approx. 1800 refugees ended up in Yugoslavia, in 1946-1947 approx. 5 thousand Armenians were repatriated to Soviet Armenia.
Population of Bulgaria: size, ethnic composition and demographic dynamics
In the early 1970s, more than 35,000 Turks emigrated to Turkey in accordance with the 1968 bilateral agreement. In the summer of 1989, another 360,000 Bulgarian Turks left the country. This was a response to the violent assimilation policy pursued by the communist regime, which tried in 1984-1985 to completely destroy the ethnic identity of the Turks, forcing them to adopt Slavic surnames and suppressing any desire to maintain national and religious independence; by the end of the 1990s, about half of them had returned to Bulgaria.
In general, according to experts, at least 580 thousand ethnic Bulgarians live outside the country, more than half of them in the south-west of Ukraine and the south of Moldova, where they settled in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Small Bulgarian communities exist in Romania and Hungary. The number of Bulgarian immigrants to the United States is small: there are approximately 700 Bulgarian settlements, mainly in industrial urbanized areas in the north-east of the country and around the Great Lakes.
In the process of the country's integration into the world economy, significant internal migrations take place: resettlement from marginal mountainous regions to lowland regions, from agricultural regions to regions that have received industrial development. The urban population is growing rapidly; its share increased (according to censuses) from 24.7% in 1969 to 46.5% in 1985, 51.7% in 2004. There are 171 cities in the country, including 6 with a population of over 100 thousand inhabitants: Sofia (973 thousand inhabitants), Plovdiv (247), Varna (219), Ruse (150), Burgas (132), Stara Zagora (109).
According to comparative data, the working week in Bulgaria is the longest in Europe: in the top three, together with Romania and Poland, in terms of duration and intensity.
The duration of the working week in Bulgaria is 43.6 hours. Longest workweek in Romania - 45.8 hours the shortest in Holland - 32.9 hours. Average working time for EU candidate countries is 44.4 hours per week, for EU members - 38.2 hours.
The social climate in the country remains tense, primarily due to the dissatisfaction of the majority of the population with their low standard of living: the average salary is 302 levs (151 Euro, 12.2003), versus 115 dollars (12.002), the pension is 60 dollars. Unemployment (about 12%), low birth rates, and mass emigration of young people abroad remain acute problems. Making a conclusion about the population and the characteristics of social development, the following should be noted: the bulk of the population of the republic is made up of Bulgarians, the population density is not high, compared to the EU countries, social tension is felt in the country, significant external and internal migrations occur, caused mainly by the nature of economic development Bulgaria.
Coordinates: 42 ° 39'00 ″ s. NS. 25 ° 24'00 "in. d. / 42.65 ° N NS. 25.4 ° E etc ... Wikipedia
Contents: I. Statistics: 1) The number of inhabitants of the Earth in general and Europe in particular; 2) Population density; 3) Accommodation of the population; 4) Composition of the population: a) by sex, b) by age, c) by sex and age, d) by sex, age and marital status; ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Population distribution in Europe ... Wikipedia
By February 1, 2011, the population of Bulgaria was 7 364 570 people, of which 51.3% were women and 48.7% were men. 72.5% live in cities, 27.5% in villages. In the period from 2001 to 2011, the country's population decreased by 564,331 people, with an average annual ... ... Wikipedia
The relevance of the subject matter of the article is questioned. Please show in the article the significance of its subject, adding to it evidence of significance by particular criteria of significance or, if particular criteria of significance for ... ... Wikipedia
It is one of the main sectors of the Bulgarian economy. All types of transport - land, water, air, pipeline and others - are well developed in Bulgaria. Each of them has its own infrastructure and is regulated by a special ... ... Wikipedia
The 2001 census became the first national census in the post-socialist republic of Bulgaria, as well as the second, which recorded a significant decrease in the number of inhabitants of the country by 6.6% (from 8,487,317 to 7,928,901 people) ... Wikipedia
Varna city bulg. Varna Flag Coat of arms ... Wikipedia
Economic indicators of Business Park Sofia ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Totleben. Village Totleben Totleben Country Bulgaria ... Wikipedia
Books
- The population of the steppe interfluve of the Danube and the Dniester at the end of the 8th - beginning of the 11th centuries A.D. NS. Balkan-Danube culture, V.I.Kozlov. The book summarizes information about the Balkan-Danube archaeological culture in the steppe interfluve of the Danube and the Dniester, the carriers of which are directly related to the history of the early medieval Bulgarian ...
- Bulgaria. Reference map, E. B. Valev. Reference map of Bulgaria. Scale 1: 750,000. In addition to the main (physical), it includes three large-scale maps: industry, agriculture and climate (scale ...
Coordinates: 42 ° 39'00 ″ s. NS. 25 ° 24'00 "in. d. / 42.65 ° N NS. 25.4 ° E etc ... Wikipedia
Population- Content: I. Statistics: 1) The number of inhabitants of the Earth in general and Europe in particular; 2) Population density; 3) Accommodation of the population; 4) Composition of the population: a) by sex, b) by age, c) by sex and age, d) by sex, age and marital status; ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Population of Europe- Population distribution in Europe ... Wikipedia
Ethnic composition of the population of Bulgaria- By February 1, 2011, the population of Bulgaria was 7 364 570 people, of which 51.3% were women and 48.7% were men. 72.5% live in cities, 27.5% in villages. In the period from 2001 to 2011, the country's population decreased by 564,331 people, with an average annual ... ... Wikipedia
Migration of the population of Bulgaria- The relevance of the subject matter of the article is questioned. Please show in the article the significance of its subject, adding to it evidence of significance by particular criteria of significance or, if particular criteria of significance for ... ... Wikipedia
Transport in Bulgaria- is one of the main sectors of the Bulgarian economy. All types of transport - land, water, air, pipeline and others - are well developed in Bulgaria. Each of them has its own infrastructure and is regulated by a special ... ... Wikipedia
Population census in Bulgaria (2001)- The 2001 census became the first national census in the post-socialist republic of Bulgaria, as well as the second, which recorded a significant decrease in the number of inhabitants of the country by 6.6% (from 8,487,317 to 7,928,901 people) ... Wikipedia
Varna (city in Bulgaria)- The city of Varna, bulg. Varna Flag Coat of arms ... Wikipedia
Economy of Bulgaria- Economic indicators of Business Park Sofia ... Wikipedia
Totleben (village in Bulgaria)- This term has other meanings, see Totleben. Village Totleben Totleben Country Bulgaria ... Wikipedia
Books
- The population of the steppe interfluve of the Danube and the Dniester at the end of the 8th - beginning of the 11th centuries A.D. NS. Balkan-Danube culture, V.I.Kozlov. The book summarizes information about the Balkan-Danube archaeological culture in the steppe interfluve of the Danube and the Dniester, the carriers of which are directly related to the history of the early medieval Bulgarian ... Buy for 1555 rubles
- Bulgaria. Reference map, E. B. Valev. Reference map of Bulgaria. Scale 1: 750,000. In addition to the main (physical), it includes three large-scale maps: industry, agriculture and climate (scale ...
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Bulgaria is one of the most popular European countries among tourists, because here you can relax in the summer by visiting one of the country's resorts, as well as in the winter, having recovered to the chic Bulgarian ski slopes, at any time of the year convenient for you, to get a health course in the state spa clinics, and in between rest and treatment visit numerous Bulgarian museums and historical architectural monuments.
If you still have questions related to Bulgaria, our consultants will give answers to them. To do this, you just need to leave your phone number in the form below and you will be contacted.
Climate of Bulgaria
The heterogeneous relief and geographical position of Bulgaria have led to the fact that the climate in this country is divided into two types:
Continental in the north and center of the country;
Mediterranean in its southern part.
As a result, temperature indicators in winter fluctuate within the range, on average, from 0 to -7 degrees, and in summer from 20 to 30 degrees. Only this does not apply to mountainous regions, where in the winter months the temperature can drop to 15 degrees below zero.
For example, in eastern Bulgaria, the city of Varna is protected from severe cold by the sea in winter, so the air temperature rarely drops below zero, and in summer the sea also cools the air and prevents it from overheating and, as a result, the daytime thermometer readings fluctuate around 25 degrees.
Another situation is with the capital of Bulgaria, which is located in a valley and at an altitude of 550 meters above sea level, which does not prevent the winds from raging in winter and does not allow the air to warm up in summer.
The most favorable temperatures, both in winter and in summer, are in the southeastern part of Bulgaria, near the city of Burgas, where both winter and summer are the warmest.
Geography of Bulgaria
Bulgaria is a southeastern European country on the Balkan Peninsula with an area of 110,910 sq. Km, of which 110,550 sq. Km. - land and 360 sq. km. - water.
Serbia, Macedonia, Turkey, Greece and Romania are located on the border with the Bulgarian state. So from its northern side, for a length of 608 kilometers, Bulgaria borders on Romania, on the southern side of the state, at a distance of 240 kilometers, the border with Turkey, and at a distance of 494 kilometers with Greece, and the western part of the country borders, at a distance of 318 kilometers, with Serbia and 148 kilometers with Macedonia.
The relief of the country is very diverse.
So about 30 percent of the territory of Bulgaria is mountain ranges. The Balkan Mountains stretch to the east, and the mountains rise to the south and southwest:
The flat part of Bulgaria consists of two plains - the Danube Plain, located in the north of the country, and the Thracian Plain, located in the southern part of Bulgaria.
In addition to the sea, there are rivers in Bulgaria, five of which - Tundzha, Iskar, Maritsa, Arda and Yantra are shallow, but the depth of the Danube river allows ships to walk on it.
Also in Bulgaria there are several lakes, the largest of which is Lake Burgas.
Bulgarian cities
In terms of population, cities in Bulgaria are generally not very large, but each city has its own industrial significance, or its historical and cultural value, or is one of the summer, winter or health resorts.
The largest cities in Bulgaria
Below we present the ten largest cities in Bulgaria.
Sofia, population about 1,300,000
Sofia is the capital of Bulgaria and the only city in this country with a population of over one million.
Plovdiv, population about 370,000
Plovdiv is the second largest city in Bulgaria and one of the oldest cities in Europe, which has led to the fact that there are a lot of historical architectural monuments in the city, as a result of which there are a lot of tourists in this city all year round.
Varna, population about 350,000
Varna is considered the sea capital of Bulgaria, since there are no such number of beaches as in this city anywhere in this country. And Varna is not deprived of its historical heritage, a large number of museums and architectural monuments will not leave indifferent any tourist who has visited this resort town. In terms of population, the city of Varna is on the third line.
Burgas, population about 212,00 people
Burgas is the largest port city in the country, considered the industrial center of Bulgaria, since in addition to ports there are also several oil refineries. However, industrial production in the city did not affect the cleanliness of the sea in Burgas, which is considered one of the resort areas in Bulgaria.
Ruse, population about 167,000
Ruse is the fifth largest city in Bulgaria with about 167,000 inhabitants. This city is considered the largest port on the Danube River, plus, next to the city, there is a two-tiered bridge built during the Soviet era in 1952-1954, the length of which is 2800 meters, which is the main cargo overland overpass between Bulgaria, Russia and Romania.
Stara Zagora, population about 162,000
Stara Zagora is the sixth largest city in Bulgaria with a population of over 160,000 and one of its oldest cities, dating back to the 5-6th century BC. There is no sea in this city, but the historical sights attract hundreds of thousands of tourists to Stara Zagora every year.
Sliven, population about 111,000
Sliven is the seventh most populous city in Bulgaria, with about 110,000 inhabitants. The history of this city goes back to the distant 3rd century BC, as a result of which there are many historical sights on the territory of the city. In addition to its rich history, Sliven is famous for its mineral springs, the water temperature in which never falls below 44 degrees.
By the way, an elm grows in this city, which is already 600 years old, which is a historical monument of Bulgaria.
Pleven, population about 102,000
Pleven is the eighth most populous city in Bulgaria with 100,000 inhabitants. This city is known among rock-climbing lovers, since the steep cliffs here reach 20 meters and are an excellent place for both beginner extreme lovers of this type of active recreation and professional sportsmen.
Dobrych, population about 90,500 people
Dobrych is a city that is in ninth place in terms of population, which is just below 100,000 people. Currently, the region where this city is located is read as a Bulgarian granary, since it is here that the most significant share of all grain crops in Bulgaria is grown.
Shumen, population about 80,500
Shumen is the city that closes the ten largest cities in Bulgaria, with a population of just over 80,000 people, most of whom are Turks, therefore this city is secretly called the capital of the Turkish population of the country.
If you decide to visit this city, you will be simply amazed by its rich historical and cultural heritage and amazing beauty of nature.
Bulgarian cities with over 50,000 inhabitants
The list of cities with a population exceeding 50,000 is as follows:
Yambol is a city with a population of about 80,000;
Haskovo, the population of this city is about 77,000 people;
Pernik is a city with a population of about 76,000;
Pazardzhik, a city with about 79,500 inhabitants;
Blagoevgrad, the population of this city is at around 75,500 people;
Veliko Tarnovo is a city with an ancient history, in which about 71,000 people live;
Vratsa is a city with a population of about 61,000;
Gabrovo, the number of inhabitants in this city is about 59,000;
Asenovgrad, in this city is home to about 54,000 people;
Kazanlak is a city full of attractions, with a population of over 52,000;
Kardzhali - the population in this city is about 51,000;
Vidin, the population of this city is about 47,500 people;
Montana, a city with a population of about 44,500;
Kyustendil is a city with a population of just over 44,000.
Resort cities in Bulgaria
The resort towns of Bulgaria are:
Pomorskie, a seaside resort town with a population of about 14,000;
Nessebar, a resort town with a great historical heritage and a population of just under 14,000;
The town of Balchik is known among tourists not only as a resort town, but for its historical heritage, the population of which is just over 11,500 people;
Kavarna, a seaside resort town with a population of almost 11,500;
Bankya, a city that attracts tourists with its balneological centers, with a population of just over 11,000;
Bansko, a mountain winter resort with a population of about 8,500;
Hisarya, a balneological resort with a local population of about 7,000.
Varshets, a balneological resort with a population of about 6,500;
Sozopol, a seaside resort with a huge historical past and a population of about 5,500;
Sveti Vlas, a seaside resort with gorgeous beaches and a small number of local residents, of which only about 4,000 people;
Primorsko, a small seaside resort with a population of about 3,500;
Byala, a seaside resort town with just over 2,000 inhabitants;
Obzor, a seaside resort very popular with tourists, the population of this city is just under 2,000;
Ahtopol, a small seaside resort town with a population of about 1,500;
Kiten is a very small resort town with a population of just over 1,000 people.
According to statistics, there are currently about 7.3 million people living in Bulgaria, of which 48% are men and 52% are women.
In this country, in addition to Bulgarians, their percentage is 85%, Turks also live, there are about 10% of them, Roma, whose number is 4.7% of the total population of Bulgaria, as well as a small number, only 0.5%, Armenians, Greeks , Romanians, Karakans, Jews, Russians and Ukrainians.
Most of the population, namely about 71%, lives in cities, the most densely populated of which is the Bulgarian capital Sofia, with a population of about 1.3 million. Rural areas are home to only 29% of the population of Bulgaria.
Crime in Bulgaria
Bulgaria can be considered a safe country for recreation. Crimes are rare here, since the Bulgarian leadership is worried about the country's image, so the police are on guard day and night, although rare thefts in public transport and on the beaches do occur.
Language of Bulgaria
The national language of Bulgaria is Slavic, which is largely understandable for a Russian tourist, Bulgarian. But despite the fact that the national language is Bulgarian, on the territory of the country the names of many shops, cafes, restaurants, nightclubs, yachts are written in English, and in many restaurants and cafes menus are in two languages - Bulgarian and English.
This country is a tourist country and it will not be news to anyone that a significant part of vacationers, especially in the summer, are Russians, therefore, at airports, as well as at some large railway stations, all information on information boards is written in Bulgarian, English and Russian languages.
In addition, in the resorts you can also find advertisements for the sale of real estate in Russian.
But of course, going to Bulgaria, you should not hope that they will understand you there, but learn at least a few of the most necessary words:
- thanks, thanks in Russian;
Praying means please;
Hello - hello;
Dobar den - good day greetings;
Excuse me - means sorry in Russian.
Religion of Bulgaria
The main part of the population of Bulgaria, about 83% is Orthodox, but since other nationalities also live in this country, about 12% are Muslims, the percentage of Catholics is about 0.8%, and Protestants are about 0.5% of the total population of the country. ...
Summer vacation in Bulgaria
Bulgaria is a kind of a storehouse of seaside resorts that annually attract millions of tourists. And this is not at all surprising, because the length of the sea coast in this country is about 300 kilometers, most of which are sandy beaches and only a small part of the coast, mainly where the mountain slopes are very close to the sea, is covered with stones.
Almost all beaches are free, while their infrastructure is designed for all ages of vacationers, including the youngest holiday-makers, for them there are playgrounds, and water slides, and outdoor pools.
If you wish to diversify your sea vacation, you can enjoy excursion walks through the natural, architectural and historical sights of the resort towns of Bulgaria.
And boat trips, gorgeous entertainment programs in nightclubs and discos will diversify and decorate your vacation.
Winter holidays in Bulgaria
There are two mountain ranges in Bulgaria - Pirinsky, Rilla and Rhodope, thanks to which Bulgaria is known throughout the world not only for summer resorts, but also for high-quality winter ski resorts.
After all, a rather warm climate in winter, which does not affect the amount of precipitation, as a result of which the thickness of the natural snow cover, on the ski slopes, reaches, on average, 1-2 meters, provides quite comfortable conditions for practicing skiing in the winter resorts of Bulgaria. which are well equipped, taking into account the interests of both novice winter sports and professional snowboarders and skiers.
Ski schools for children are organized in the resorts of Pamporovo, Borovets and Bansko, which allows parents to enjoy skiing without worrying about their little ones.
Wellness holiday in Bulgaria
Tourists who go on vacation to Bulgaria do not always pursue the goal of lying on the beach or skiing, they also go to this camp to improve their health, since the Bulgarian thermal springs and therapeutic mud are known all over the world.
Currently, there are about 500 thermal springs in Bulgaria, thanks to which patients with diseases of the musculoskeletal system, nervous system, respiratory system and many other health problems receive treatment in the country all year round in balneological health resorts.
* The value is calculated by linear interpolation, taking into account the two most closely related values (Date-> Population) (unofficially).** Migration gain is included in the calculation of fertility growth: Fertility = Population + Mortality.
*** We do not have data on the population before 1950. The figures shown are based on a rough estimate using the function: population in 1900 = 70% of the population in 1950.
United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015). World Demographic Prospects: A 2015 Revision. These estimates and projections are based on the medium-term fertility option. Used with permission from the United Nations. Downloaded: 2015-11-15 (un.org)
City density map, generated by population.city using data provided to us by 1km.net website. Each circle represents a city of over 5000. Link
Population density map was created according to instructions from daysleeperrr on reddig. Link1. Data source: Gridded Population of the World (GPW), 3rd online edition in Socioeconomic Data and Applications (SEDAC) at Columbia University.
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