Not always a person can behave adequately. Someone has such a fortune in childhood, and some overtakes later. Earlier, when setting such diagnoses such as schizophrenia, depression, an alarming state, arising from a person, medicine quite often resorted to the next radical procedure - brain lobotomy. At present, there are almost abandoned from this operation - new treatments appeared.
A little about the process itself
So after all, what is a lobotomy? This type of treatment used in psychiatry. During the operation, the crust of the frontal fraction of the brain is destroyed. It is for this reason that the disputes are still being conducted: whether to give preference to this procedure or not. After all, its effect on the human body has not yet been fully studied. Some scientists consider it to be "inhumane" and unsuccessful in the formulation of the diagnosis, while others adhere to the opinions that it is harmful.
If we talk about the operation itself in the technological sense, then it is simple. The task of surgical intervention is to separate the frontal shares that control the thought process, from the brain.
The first operation of this species was carried out in the past century, in the thirties. Psychiatrists approved innovation in medicine. This operation began to be used in the treatment of most patients of psychiatric hospitals, not paying attention to the consequences of lobotomy.
History: Beginning
The above has already been conversation about the appearance of this procedure, and now more about it.
1890 Dr. Gottlab Bakhart in Switzerland made an operation to remove part of the frontal fractions in patients of a psychiatric clinic. One of them died immediately, the second - a few days after the exit from the medical institution. In the remaining four, a change in behavior was observed. From now on, psychological surgery began to develop.
Only in 1935, a neurologist from Portugal Egas Moniz (António Egas Moniz) made an operation prefortional leukotomy. The operation passed as follows: the hole was drilled in the head of the patient. Alcohol was introduced through it, which contributed to the destruction of frontal fractions. The tool used to cut the brain tissues is called leukeot.
After the procedure performed, the patients became a bit quieter. For this discovery, the doctor received the Nobel Prize.
Continued
Continued to work in this direction a neurologist and a psychiatrist from America Water Freman. Asking help from his comrade, Neurosurgeon James Watta, he conducted an operation on a patient who suffered from depression and insomnia. The result was satisfied. Thanks to this procedure, the doctor has repeatedly figured out what lobotomy is, and that it gives the patient. From this time, since 1936, the strengthened propaganda of this operation began.
The technology has improved every year's technology. The holes in the skull were drilled, the operation could only conduct a highly qualified, specially trained specialist. Freeman understood that this operation would be not available in many psychiatric clinics where ordinary surgeons work. That's why he decided to simplify the procedure and developed a technique called transorbital. Access to frontal shares opened through the eyeballs. In small clinics did not always have anesthesia, electric shock was used during the operation.
Why and why
To understand what lobotomy is, you need to know why this procedure is so used so often. After all, the very idea that with a small tool, similar to the ice ax, climb into the socket, and then in the brain, it seems terrible. But despite all this, the doctors chased the good goal: they wanted to help people with a diagnosis of "schizophrenia" and other severe mental discomplications. The reason for the operation has always had one rationale - to help patients will continue to lead a normal lifestyle. 
As mentioned above, this procedure has been used for a long time. In those days, there were still no drugs that could calm the "violent" person. If no measures were taken, the sick person could harm himself and others. It was impossible to waste time should immediately apply decisive measures. In this case, in this case, the only way out of the current situation was the lobotomy. Photo before and after - evidence how people change after the procedure.
How the operation occurs
Now let's talk about how the procedure is carried out. Agree, it is impossible to understand completely what lobotomy is, without learning techniques for the operation itself.
The human brain is able to heal some, very minor damage caused to him. That is why the closed method is used, during which this method does not apply simple, the operation is carried out in three stages:
What happens after surgery
The doctor penetrates the patient's brain, changes its structure, not knowing whether this interference will help the patient. In addition, the specialist is not always sure which part of the brain will be able to save the patient from a particular mental illness. It was originally it seemed that the simplicity of the operation would be able to quickly implement it into practice. But it turned out not as planned, the results were obtained, which no one expected with the "Lobotomy" procedure. Photo before and after that proof. Patients have occurred "redemption", indifference, inertness. This is due to the fact that the scars formed on the brain in some patients are not subject to treatment with other means. That is why the lobotomy is not used as often as previously planned. It is used in exceptional cases when other methods no longer help. And only so that the patient behaves calmer. 
Why almost refused the procedure
The cause of the person's condition, or rather the results that begin to appear after the operation "Lobotomy". Before and after the procedure, they change, and not always in a positive side.
The experiments were carried out for quite a long time, and only at the end of the forties, the whole truth came out. Some it led to shock. These are these results:
And although the results are not always positive, many psychiatrists still defend their right to lobotomy. After all, sometimes this procedure brings relief, and patients return to normal life. But in any case, changing human behavior in this way, surgeons destroy a healthy brain tissue.
Conclusion
We considered the question of what lobotomy is. Why do some specialists recommend it if she can have a patient not only help, but also impose irreparable harm? And if this is the last opportunity to make a person workable? After all, the result may not always be negative. There are many examples when a former patient after Lobotomy became normal and forgot about his problems. To resort to this procedure or not - must solve the patient himself or his relatives.
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