In the section on the question How to quickly and easily determine whether a sentence is compound or complex? given by the author Marina the best answer is By alliance:
If the conjunctions are “a, but, and, or, yes (in the meaning of and)”, etc., this is a composition.
And if the conjunctions are “Which, because”, etc. AND you can also ask questions from the dependent clause to the main clause, then this is a subordinate clause
It started to rain and a thunderstorm began - composed
It started to rain, because of which a thunderstorm started - subordinate (Why did the thunderstorm start? Because it started to rain
Answer from Drizzle[newbie]
In a complex sentence, the parts are equal in meaning, which means that by removing the conjunction, we can make them simple sentences without distorting the meaning.
Answer from chevron[guru]
In a complex sentence, the parts are equal in meaning, which means that by removing the conjunction, we can make them simple sentences without distorting the meaning. In a complex sentence, the parts depend on one another. And if one of them can be an independent proposal, then the other - never! In addition, you need to know that in complex sentences, coordinating conjunctions are used to connect parts, and in complex sentences, subordinating conjunctions are used, respectively.
Answer from Sedge[guru]
very simple, based on conjunctions:
in compounds - and, a, but
in complex subordinates - what, when, if, which, etc.
possible on questions, in complex ones one depends on the other
Answer from Marylave[newbie]
Compound - when two parts of a sentence are not related to each other. Complex - when there is some kind of connection between them, and usually they are united by some kind of union: which, because, etc.
Answer from Arini-k[guru]
According to the conjunctions and allied words used.
Check whether you can ask a question from one simple sentence to another. If yes, then complex
Answer from Lyudmila[guru]
Look at the means of communication! In SSP there are coordinating conjunctions, and in SPP there are subordinating conjunctions and allied words.
Answer from Fucking Man[active]
Yyyyy
Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses There are two main types: 1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main clause; 2) the first subordinate clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first subordinate clause, etc.
I. Subordinate clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can be homogeneous And heterogeneous.
1. Homogeneous subordinate clauses, like homogeneous members, they have the same meaning, answer the same question and depend on one word in the main clause. Homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected with each other by coordinating conjunctions or without conjunctions (only with the help of intonation). For example:
1) [But sad to think], (which is in vain was us youth is given), (What cheated to her all the time), (that deceived us she)... (A. Pushkin)- [verb], (conjunction What),(union What),(union What)...
2) [Dersu said], (What these are not clouds, but fog) So what Tomorrow it will be a sunny day and even hot) (V. Arsenyev).[verb], (what) and (what).
The connection of homogeneous subordinate clauses with the main clause is called homogeneous subordination.
It should be borne in mind that with a homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses, it is possible to omit a conjunction or conjunction in the second (third) subordinate clause, for example:
(Where is the cheerful the sickle was walking) And ( the ear fell), [now everything is empty] (F. Tyutchev).(where) and ("), ["].
2. Heterogeneous subordinate clauses have different meaning, answer different questions or depend on different words in a sentence. For example:
(If I have hundred lives), [ they wouldn't satisfy all thirst for knowledge], ( which burns me) (V. Bryusov)- (union If),[noun], (v. word which).
The connection of heterogeneous subordinate clauses with the main clause is called parallel subordination.
II. The second type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses are those in which the subordinate clauses form a chain: the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause (clause of the 1st degree), the second subordinate clause refers to the subordinate clause of the 1st degree (clause of the 2nd degree) etc. For example:
[She was horrified"], (When found out), (that the letter was carried father) (F. Dostoevsky)- , (With. When verb.), (p. What).
This connection is called consistent submission.
At consistent subordination one clause can be inside another; in this case, two subordinating conjunctions may appear side by side: What And just in case And when that And because etc. (for punctuation marks at the junction of conjunctions, see the section “Punctuation marks in a complex sentence with two or more subordinate clauses”). For example:
[The water collapsed so scary], (what, (when the soldiers fled below), after them already were flying raging streams) (M. Bulgakov).
[uk.sl. so + adv.], (what, (when),").
In complex sentences with three or more subordinate clauses, there may be more complex combinations of subordinate clauses, for example:
(Who in young age didn't connect yourself by strong connections with an external and beautiful cause or, according to at least, with simple but honest and useful work), [ he can count your youth lost without a trace], (as if cheerfully she neither passed) and how many would pleasant memories she neither left).
(who), [pronoun], (however), (however). (Complex sentence with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination).
Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses
Parsing scheme complex sentence with several subordinate clauses
1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).
2. Indicate the type of sentence based on emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).
3. Determine the main and subordinate clauses, find their boundaries.
4. Draw up a sentence diagram: ask (if possible) questions from the main to the subordinate clauses, indicate in the main word on which the subordinate clause depends (if it is a verb), characterize the means of communication (conjunctions or allied words), determine the types of subordinate clauses (definitive, explanatory and etc.).
5. Determine the type of subordination of subordinate clauses (uniform, parallel, sequential).
Sample analysis of a complex sentence with several subordinate clauses
1) [You look at the pale green sky, strewn with stars, (on which there is not a cloud or spot), and you'll understand], (why is summer warm air immovable), (why nature is on alert) (A. Chekhov).
[noun, (sel. on which), verb.], (sel. Why),(sel. Why).
will determine. will explain. will explain.
Declarative, non-exclamative, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with parallel and homogeneous subordination: 1st subordinate clause - attributive clause (clause depends on the noun sky, answers the question which?, on which); 2nd and 3rd subordinate clauses - explanatory clauses (depending on the verb you'll understand answer the question What?, join with a conjunctive word Why).
2) [Any the person knows], (what should he have to do not that, ( what divides him with people), otherwise), ( what connects him with them) (L. Tolstoy).
[verb], (conjunction What locality, (village) What), places.), (s.ate.what).
will explain. local-determined local-determined
Declarative, non-exclamative, complex, complex with three subordinate clauses, with sequential and parallel subordination: 1st subordinate clause - explanatory clause (depending on the verb knows answers the question What?, joins the union What), 2nd and 3rd clauses - pronominal clauses (each of them depends on the pronoun That, answers the question which one?, joins with a conjunctive word What).
.1. Non-union complex sentences
Bessoyuznoe difficult sentence - this is a complex sentence in which simple sentences are combined into one whole in meaning and intonation, without the help of conjunctions or allied words: [Habit from above to us given]: [replacement happiness she](A. Pushkin).
The semantic relations between simple sentences in conjunctions and are expressed in different ways. IN union proposals conjunctions take part in their expression, so the semantic relationships here are more definite and clear. For example, union So expresses the consequence because- the reason, If- condition, however- opposition, etc.
The semantic relationships between simple sentences are expressed less clearly than in a conjunction. In terms of semantic relationships, and often in intonation, some are closer to complex ones, others - to complex ones. However, it is often the same non-union complex sentence in meaning it can be similar to both a compound and a complex sentence. Wed, for example: The spotlights came on- it became light all around; The spotlights came on and it became light all around; When the spotlights came on, it became light all around.
Meaningful relations in non-union complex sentences depend on the contents included in them simple sentences and are expressed in oral speech intonation, and in writing with various punctuation marks (see section “Punctuation marks in non-union complex sentence»).
IN non-union complex sentences possible the following types semantic relations between simple sentences (parts):
I. Enumerative(some facts, events, phenomena are listed):
[I_ did not see you for a whole week], [I haven't heard you for a long time] (A. Chekhov) -, .
Such non-union complex sentences approach complex sentences with a connecting conjunction And.
Like the compound sentences synonymous with them, non-union complex sentences can express the value 1) simultaneity listed events and 2) their sequences.
1) \ Bemep howled plaintively and quietly], [in the darkness the horses neighed], [from the camp swam tender and passionate song- thought] (M. Gorky) -,,.
stirred ], [fluttered up half asleep bird] (V. Garshin)- ,.
Non-union complex sentences with enumerative relations may consist of two sentences, or may include three or more simple sentences.
II. Causal(the second sentence reveals the reason for what is said in the first):
[I unhappy]: [every day guests] (A. Chekhov). Such non-union complex sentences synonymous with complex subordinates with subordinate clauses.
III. Explanatory(the second sentence explains the first):
1) [Items were lost your form]: [ everything merged first into a gray, then into a dark mass] (I. Goncharov)-
2) [Like all Moscow residents, yours Father is like that]: [I would like he is a son-in-law with stars and ranks] (A. Griboyedov)-
Such non-union sentences are synonymous with sentences with an explanatory conjunction namely.
IV. Explanatory(the second sentence explains the word in the first part that has the meaning of speech, thought, feeling or perception, or a word that indicates these processes: listened, looked, looked back and so on.; in the second case we can talk about skipping words like see, hear and so on.):
1) [Nastya during the story I remembered]: [from yesterday remained whole untouched cast iron boiled potatoes] (M. Prishvin)- :.
2) [I came to my senses, Tatyana looks]: [bear No]... (A. Pushkin)- :.
Such non-conjunctive sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with explanatory clauses (I remembered that...; looks (and sees that)...).
V. Comparative and adversative relations (the content of the second sentence is compared with the content of the first or contrasted with it):
1) [All happy family looks like and each other], [each unhappy family but in my own way] (L. Tolstoy)- ,.
2) [Rank followed to him]- [he suddenly left] (A. Griboyedov)- - .
Such non-union complex sentences synonymous with complex sentences with adversative conjunctions a, but.
VI. Conditional-temporary(the first sentence indicates the time or condition for the implementation of what is said in the second):
1) [Do you like to ride] - [love and sleigh carry] (proverb)- - .
2) [See you with Gorky]- [talk with him] (A. Chekhov)--.
Such sentences are synonymous with complex sentences with subordinate clauses of condition or time.
VII. Consequences(the second sentence states the consequence of what is said in the first):
[Small the rain is falling since morning]- [it's impossible to get out] (I. Turgenev)- ^TT
Instructions
Try to identify the connection between two simple sentences that are part of a complex one. Determine whether one of them depends on the other. In complex sentences, you can always ask a question from the main clause to the subordinate clause, for example, “He said (what did he say?) that he would go home.”
To check, put a period between the sentences. If a complex structure painlessly falls apart into two parts, and they “feel” perfectly separate from each other, this is a compound offer. For example, compare: “We were walking in the park, and Bobik was running around” and “We were walking in the park. Bobik was running around."
If, when dividing a sentence into two parts, one of them loses or changes its meaning, feel free to conclude that this is a complex offer. For example, a period between the sentences “Grandma asked me to buy medicine” will distort the meaning.
Find a conjunction between sentences; in many cases, it is from this that you can understand what offer in front of you. The conjunctions a, and, but, yes are found in complex sentences, and the conjunctions because, when, so that, where, that, since, if, so, whose, where, etc. - in complex subordinates. If there is no union at all, this is a complex non-union offer.
To distinguish complex offer from simple, carry out parsing. Find all the subjects and predicates - if a sentence has two bases connected by subordination and one of the complex conjunctions, then you have a complex subordination offer. Sometimes the stem of one of the constituent sentences consists of only a predicate or only a subject, for example, “It’s late, so let’s go home.”
Be careful, sometimes the main thing is offer can be torn into two parts, for example: “A scream was heard from the street, which was filled with people.”
Sources:
- how to determine whether a sentence is simple or
Video on the topic
Sources:
- Complex sentence in 2018
Tip 3: How to distinguish a complex sentence from a complex sentence
Complex offer- This offer consisting of several simple ones. There are two main types of complex sentences: compound and complex sentences. They can be distinguished from each other by several characteristics.
Instructions
Pay attention to the way the sentences are connected. Simple sentences as part of a complex sentence are connected intonationally or using subordinating and allied words (relatives). For example: what, so that, when, if, because, since, which, where, while and others. In a complex sentence, communication is made through intonation and coordinating conjunctions. These include: and, and, but, or, either, as...so and, but, and others.
In the section on the question How to distinguish a complex sentence from a complex sentence asked by the author Angela Ustinova the best answer is I'll try in my own words)
Complex sentence - consists of simple sentences that are interconnected by coordinating conjunctions and, as a rule, are equal grammatically and in meaning.
Coordinating conjunctions - And, yes (meaning “and”), and... and, neither... nor, too, also, But, a, yes (meaning “but”), however, but, same, Or, either, whether... either, then... this, not that... either... or... or How... and not only... but and, although... but if not... then, not so much... how much, Namely, that is, or (in the meaning of “that is”), somehow, And then, and then, yes and, and also, etc.
A complex sentence is a complex sentence in which one simple sentence is subordinate to another, connected by a subordinating conjunction or a conjunctive word.
Subordinating conjunctions - What, so that, as, etc., When, as soon as, only only, barely, only, only, before, since, until, not yet, after, as long as, as long as as, after, because, since, for, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, in view of the fact that, because, in connection with the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that , If, if, once, if, if, As, as if, as if, as if, exactly, than, rather than, just as, as if.
In general, in a complex compound there are two equal parts, and in a complex compound one depends on the other) VOILA)
Answer from Helena[active]
Simple sentences in complex sentences are connected using conjunctions like, as if, because. In a compound compound using conjunctions that, and.
Answer from Tessa[guru]
In complex sentences, one simple clause (subordinate clause) depends on another (main clause). From the main clause to the subordinate clause you can ask a question. For example:
We watched with keen interest (what were we watching?) as they practiced playing hockey. In addition, the subordinate clause (as they practiced in the game of hockey) cannot exist on its own.
IN compound sentence the component parts are grammatically independent of each other, that is, they are equal in rights, which means each of the parts is main and can exist independently. For example:
It’s still very early, but the miners are already heading to their morning shift. That is, from this sentence you can easily make 2 independent sentences.
1. It's still very early.
2. The miners are already heading to their morning shift.
I hope I explained it clearly.
Difficult to subordinate called offer, parts of which are grammatically unequal and related subordinating conjunctions or allied words.
Part complex sentence, subordinating the subordinate clause is called main sentence . A part of a complex sentence that is syntactically dependent on another is called subordinate clause . The main and subordinate clauses are interconnected: they are united by meaning and construction.
Complex sentences include the main thing and one or more subordinate clauses. Subordinate clauses are subordinate to the main clause and answer the questions of the members of the sentence.
The subordinate clause can appear after the main clause, in the middle of it, or before it.
For example: You should only read those books who teach to understand the meaning of life, the desires of people and the motives of their actions. (M. Gorky.) The branches of the trees seemed shaggy and, when the breeze came, made a slight noise with the first green noise. (G. Skrebnitsky.) If the language weren't more poetic n, there would be no art of words - poetry. (S. Marshak.)
The place of the subordinate clause in relation to the main clause can be depicted graphically:
[=], (which =).
[-= and, (when --), =].
(If - =), [=]
Subordinate clauses are separated from the main clause by commas. If the subordinate clause is in the middle of the main clause, it is separated by commas on both sides.
If there are several subordinate clauses in a complex sentence, then they can explain not only the main clause, but also each other.
For example: 1) When in my hands A new book , I feel, that something living, speaking, wonderful had entered my life.(M. Gorky.) 2) Painting is also important because that the artist often notices what we do not see at all.(K. Paustovsky.)
In the first complex sentence, the main clause is explained by two subordinate clauses. In the second complex sentence, the main clause is Painting is also important because; first clause - what the artist often notices is - explains the main thing, and itself is explained by the second subordinate clause - what we don't see at all .
Subordinating conjunctions and allied words in complex sentences
Subordinate clauses are attached to the main clause (or to another subordinate clause) by subordinating conjunctions (simple and compound) or allied words (relative pronouns), which are presented in the table:
Subordinating conjunctions are not members of the subordinate clause, but serve only to attach subordinate clauses to the main or other subordinate clause.
For example: It is bitter to think that life will pass without grief and without happiness, in the bustle of daily worries.(I. Bunin.)
Conjunctive words not only attach subordinate clauses to the main clause (or other subordinate clause), but are also members of subordinate clauses.
For example: In autumn, birds fly to places where it is always warm. I don't know why he did it.
In these sentences the connecting words Where And For what are circumstances.
The conjunction word requires special comment which. It can act as different members of a sentence: subject, predicate, inconsistent definition, circumstances and additions. To determine the syntactic function of a conjunctive word which, you need to find out which word of the main sentence it replaces, substitute it in place of the allied word and determine which member of the subordinate clause it is.
For example: Village, which located on the river bank, very beautiful. In this sentence there is a conjunctive word that refers to the noun village. If you substitute the word village in a subordinate clause, you get: Village located on the shore. In this sentence the word village performs the function of the subject, therefore, in the subordinate part of the original sentence there is a conjunctive word which is also subject.
Compare: The lake we approached turned out to be clean and deep. “I met a man whom I had not seen for a long time.
Some of the allied words turn out to be homonymous to unions, that is, in some cases they act as unions, and in others - as allied words.
To distinguish a conjunction from an allied word, you must remember:
1) in some cases the conjunction can be omitted, but the conjunction word cannot:
For example: Tanya says that the grass grows at night. (V. Belov.) - Tanya says: “The grass grows at night”;
2) a union can only be replaced by another union.
For example: When (if) work is pleasure, life is good.(M. Gorky.)
3) A conjunctive word can only be replaced by a conjunctive word or those words from the main sentence to which the subordinate clause relates,
For example: Remember the songs that the nightingale sang.(I. Bunin.)
Word What is a conjunctive word, since it cannot be omitted, but can be replaced with a conjunctive word which ( Remember the songs that the nightingale sang) and the words of the song ( Remember the songs: the nightingale sang these songs).
The ability to distinguish between conjunctions and allied words is necessary for the correct intonation of a sentence, since often allied words are the semantic center, they are highlighted by logical stress.
What how And When can be both conjunctions and allied words
To distinguish these allied words and conjunctions, you should remember that:
1) for allied words What And How logical stress usually falls;
2) you can ask a semantic question about them and determine which member of the sentence they are;
3) they cannot be removed from the sentence without violating the meaning, but they can be replaced with synonymous allied words.
Compare: I knew our house needed renovation. - I knew: our house needed repairs.
House, What standing opposite, in need of renovation. - The house opposite is in need of renovation.
When distinguishing between a union word and a conjunction When you should rely on the meaning of the subordinate parts. In subordinate clauses and often in subordinate clauses When is a conjunctive word, in all other cases When- union:
For example: I remember well the day we met. Nobody knew when he appeared in our city. When the snowstorm ends, you can go for a walk.
The role of demonstrative words in the subordination of sentences
Indicative words can sometimes be used in the main part of a complex sentence that, such, all, everyone, no one, there, then and etc.
The role of demonstrative words in the organization of complex sentences is not the same.
Firstly , they may be constructively necessary (a sentence with a given subordinate clause cannot be constructed without them).
For example: I'm the one no one loves. The inclusion of correlative words necessary for the structure of the sentence is mandatory for block diagram such SPP:
Secondly , correlative words can be optional, their role in the sentence in this case is intensifying and emphatic (correlative words can be omitted without loss of meaning):
He remembered that man which I was visiting Petrov.
Demonstrative words are members of the main sentence.
Features of joining subordinate clauses to the main one
The subordinate clause is attached by conjunctions and allied words to the entire main sentence, but the meaning of the subordinate clause explains:
- one word (one member of the main sentence);
For example: The village where Evgeniy was bored was a charming place. (A. Pushkin.) I guessed a long time ago that we are kindred at heart. (A. Fet.) Having loaded the rifle, Andrei again rose above the pile of stones, wondering where to shoot. (M. Bubennov.);
- phrase;
For example: She was standing there fabulous silence, which comes with frost. (P. Pavlenko.) And for a long time I'll be so kind as to I am the people that I awakened good feelings with my lyre... (A. Pushkin.) These snows glowed with a ruddy shine so fun, so bright, that, it seems, he would have stayed here forever. (M. Lermontov.);
- all the main proposal: The house stood on a slope, so the windows to the garden were very low to the ground. (S. Aksakov.) The darker the night became, the brighter the sky became brighter. (K. Paustovsky.)
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