What pills for renal colic. Renal colic is an emergency. Painkillers for renal colic. Pain medications

Diclofenac is toxic to the kidneys with prolonged and uncontrolled use. It impairs the flow of blood to them, which causes inflammation, pain, dysfunction, swelling, and increased pressure.

With a single administration to relieve an acute attack of pain, such complications do not have time to manifest themselves. Therefore, it is prescribed for renal colic for temporary relief of the condition. In this case, the maximum dose should not exceed 150 mg (up to 2 ampoules per day), and the course of injections is limited to 2 days.

To reduce the irritating effect of the drug, you need to drink more clean water, reduce the intake of salt, spicy foods, and alcohol. Do not take Diclofenac without a doctor's prescription, at a dose of more than 100 mg when taken from 2 weeks. If tablets, suppositories are used for more than a month, then it is necessary to undergo blood and urine tests.

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Diclofenac and the kidneys: the benefits of using and possible consequences

Diclofenac in the required dose (up to 150 mg per day) and the use of 1 or 2 days relieves pain in the kidneys associated with renal colic.

How does it affect the body

Diclofenac is toxic to the kidneys, as it negatively affects blood flow to them. This is due to the fact that its mechanism is associated with the suppression of the formation of prostaglandins. These compounds are involved in the sensation of pain, but also dilate the arteries of the kidneys.

With their lack:

cells suffer from nutritional deficiencies;
the ability of the glomeruli to filter decreases;
the volume of blood purified from metabolic products decreases.

When administered at a dose of 75-150 mg to relieve pain, these changes do not have time to manifest themselves. The deterioration of kidney function occurs after 3-6 months of taking large doses, but this period may be reduced with concomitant diseases, in old age.

When Not to Appoint

Elderly patients have a high risk of kidney damage. The use of the drug is especially dangerous for weakened people or with insufficient body weight, with several concomitant diseases. They are shown the most minimal doses and a short course under the supervision of a physician.

Is it possible to inject diclofenac for pain in the kidneys

Diclofenac can be injected with pain in the kidneys to relieve an attack of renal colic. It can be caused by the movement of a stone, blockage of the urinary tract with mucus, pus, kinking of the ureter, compression by a tumor, impaired blood outflow due to vein thrombosis, and anomalies in the structure of the kidney.

Since all these diseases are very serious, after the removal of pain, an examination is necessary to identify the cause. Diclofenac is not a treatment for kidney pain, but only relieves it for a while.

For inflammatory diseases

In chronic inflammatory diseases of the kidneys, most often there is not acute pain, but dull aching sensations in the lumbar region, a feeling of heaviness, they do not need to be removed with Diclofenac. The use of drugs that reduce spasm of the urinary tract (antispasmodics) will work better: No-shpa, Platifillin, Spazmalgon, Baralgin.

If, against the background of an acute violation of the outflow of urine (for example, with hydronephrosis, dropsy of the kidney), severe pain occurs, then a single administration of 75 mg of Diclofenac in combination with antispasmodic drugs is allowed.

With kidney stones: is it possible to administer, does it help

Diclofenac for kidney stones is prescribed only during an attack of colic, when a quick and strong analgesic effect is needed. It is advisable, together with the drug (in different syringes), to inject antispasmodics (No-shpa, Trinalgin), to introduce Buscopan suppositories or with belladonna.

In the absence of the possibility of performing injections, the use of Diclofenac tablets or suppositories is allowed, but the effect of their administration will appear in about an hour, and the injection helps in 8-20 minutes.

How to inject injections, how much

Usually, the patient is recommended to inject 1 ampoule per day (3 ml, 75 mg), and in very severe cases, 2 injections can be made with an interval of 4-6 hours and a change of side of administration. Be sure to inject Diclofenac deep intramuscularly into the upper outer quadrant of the buttock.

For this:

Visually or with a cotton swab moistened with iodine, the buttock is divided into 2 equal halves vertically and horizontally.
Draw the solution into a 5 ml syringe.
Wipe the injection site with alcohol.
With an accurate and quick movement, the needle is inserted perpendicular to the skin for 2/3 of the length.
Slowly release the drug into the muscle.
Remove the needle.
Press the injection site with an alcohol swab and massage a little.

In severe cases, against this background, non-infectious inflammation (nephritis), destruction of the glomeruli, damage to the renal tubules, and insufficiency of function (uremia) occur.

Prevention of kidney damage while taking Diclofenac

To minimize the negative impact of the drug, you need:

during the treatment period, drastically reduce the consumption of table salt, spicy foods;
completely abandon alcohol;
drink enough clean water, strong tea, coffee are not recommended;
before starting use and after a month of treatment, undergo an examination, especially with kidney problems in the past;
do not use ampoules for more than 2 days to relieve pain;
if you need to take pills, it is better to choose a form of prolonged action (), since the active substance slowly enters the bloodstream, which reduces the load on the kidneys;
in case of previous kidney diseases and the need to treat joints, it is recommended to use mainly external forms of the drug;
inform the doctor who prescribed Diclofenac about other medications taken;
in the event of swelling, increased pressure, back pain, stop using the drug and immediately seek medical advice.

For the kidneys with prolonged use, the use of large doses, as it impairs the flow of blood to them. If treatment is necessary for more than a month, monitoring of renal functions is necessary, with a pronounced decrease in urine filtration, the drug is contraindicated.

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Watch the video about the signs of poor kidney function:

Renal colic is predominantly caused by urolithiasis, more often in men of working age. Only 13% of cases of renal colic occur for other reasons, but each case requires medical intervention because of the risk of appendicitis, ectopic pregnancy, torsion of the spermatic cord, occurring with similar symptoms.

Treatment of renal colic

A condition in which the free flow of urine is disturbed, accompanied by intense pain in the kidney area, is called renal colic. The main sign of kidney obstruction is a stabbing unbearable pain in the lower back, from which this phenomenon got its name.

Kidney pain occurs for many reasons. If the attack appeared for the first time, you must definitely call a doctor who will determine how to treat. Especially, this applies to seizures in a child, a pregnant woman.

First aid

If colic appeared for the first time, it is more correct to call a doctor immediately. The pain of renal colic is sometimes compared to labor pains. It is so strong that it will not be possible to remove it with the usual means available in the first-aid kit. Analgin, baralgin in tablets will only prolong the suffering of the patient.

If there is no way to call a doctor, you can try to cope with the pain yourself by making an intramuscular injection:

no-shpy;
analgin with diphenhydramine;
papaverine;
baralgin;
spasmalgon.

The presence of a stone in the ureter causes inflammation. If you still managed to stop the pain yourself by taking antispasmodics, the patient will definitely need medical help.

Even if the stone is small, and there is a possibility that it will come out on its own, the patient is prescribed:

antibiotics, uroseptics for the treatment of inflammation in the ureter - nitroxoline, ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, fosfomycin;
drugs that improve blood circulation in the kidney - trental, pentoxifylline;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - drotaverine, diclofenac, ketorolac, lornoxicam.

The patient is necessarily prescribed bed rest, and he can be left at home if the painkiller has worked. If the attack cannot be removed, the patient is hospitalized in a hospital, where he is provided with emergency care.

Be sure to be hospitalized with renal colic:

patients with one kidney;
with bilateral colic;
pregnant women;
old people;
children.

Hospitalization is also necessary if you suspect appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, ectopic pregnancy in women. It is also necessary to exclude hydronephrosis of the kidney, prostate tumor in men.

Examination is necessary in all cases of renal colic in order to exclude tumor diseases of the pelvic organs, intestinal obstruction, which can also cause symptoms similar to those of colic in the patient.

Algorithm for the relief of renal colic

Treatment at home

It is possible to be treated at home for renal colic only with a diagnosed stone of small size with a sufficiently high probability of independent exit. To reduce pain, you can put a rectal suppository with papaverine, diclofenac.

If colic is not accompanied by pyelonephritis, then it can be removed by applying dry heat. At high temperatures, warming procedures are dangerous. They will increase blood flow, and with the blood flow, the spread of infection in the body will accelerate.

In the absence of contraindications, the patient can take a hot bath with renal colic in the phase of the attack subsiding. In the acute period, the patient cannot sit still, take a bath in a state close to shock, it is dangerous.

The best way to anesthetize renal colic is to inject an anesthetic intramuscularly. After the attack subsides, you can use traditional medicine.

With urate stones, it is useful to take an infusion, which includes in the same amount:

Birch buds;
parsley leaf;
flax seed;
strawberry leaves;
wild rose (fruits).

To prepare the infusion of 1 table. l. collection pour 0.25 liters of boiling water in a thermos, insist 6 hours. Drink during the day for 3 doses.

Phosphate and oxalate stones are treated with a collection that contains in equal proportions:

sweet clover;
motherwort;
immortelle;
lingonberries;
madder root.

To make an infusion, 2 tables. l. mixture pour 0.5 liters of boiling water, insist 12 hours. Drink during the day in 5 doses.

Reason to see a doctor

Immediately consult a doctor with renal colic, accompanied by:

acute pain in the lower back, which cannot be stopped with painkillers;
rise in temperature;
nausea, vomiting that does not bring relief.

Patients with one kidney, persons over 60 years of age, as well as with a bilateral attack of renal colic in men, women and children, should call an ambulance and not refuse hospitalization.

Treatment in a hospital

According to the results of the diagnostic examination, the size of the stone is determined. If self-excretion of a stone from the urinary tract is possible, then the patient is prescribed drugs that reduce pain and eliminate swelling.

Most often, for these purposes, with renal colic caused by urolithiasis, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin are used.

The probability of spontaneous discharge of the calculus is:

85% if dimensions do not exceed 4 mm;
50% with a diameter of 5 mm;
10% if the stone is larger than 6 mm in diameter.

A calculus larger than 6 mm is removed promptly. When choosing a removal method, its localization matters.

Chances of spontaneous passage if the stone is located:

in the upper part of the ureter - 35%;
in the middle part - 49%;
in the lower part - 78%.

The final decision of the urologist is influenced by the nature of the stone itself, its shape, the absence of sharp, cutting surfaces, as well as:

treatment failure;
infectious diseases of the kidneys associated with colic;
danger of sepsis;
risk of bilateral obstruction.

Conservative treatment

Medications are prescribed with a high probability of independent release of the calculus. In addition to anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs, the patient is prescribed antibiotics if the obstruction of the ureter is complicated by a bacterial infection.

An acute attack is stopped with painkillers. In men, anesthesia with novocaine of the spermatic cord is additionally performed, and in women, novocaine blockade of the round ligament is performed (an intrapelvic blockade is performed).

To expel stones, drugs are prescribed:

progesterone;
glucagon;
nifedipine.

After stopping the attack, the patient is prescribed antispasmodic drugs Avisan, madder dye, urolucan, spasmocystenal, pinabine.

As additional methods of treatment are used:

sitz baths with a decoction of horsetail;
the amount of liquid you drink - 2.5 l / day;
kidney tea;
cranberry juice.

With urate stones:

prescribe potassium bicarbonate, sodium citrate for alkalinization of urine;
allopurinol is prescribed - a drug that regulates the metabolism of uric acid.

Diversion of urine sometimes requires a nephrostomy, which creates an outlet for urine flow using excretion through the renal pelvis or from the bladder.

Surgery

Surgical intervention for renal colic, aimed at destroying the stone and extracting its fragments, is called lithotripsy, is performed:

contact method;
contactless.

The most common non-contact method for removing small diameter stones is ultrasonic crushing. The force of the shock wave in this method is used to crush stones up to 2.5 mm in size.

The stone is treated with ultrasound for 40 minutes, after 14 days a control study of the kidneys is carried out. During this period of time, fragments of the stone should completely leave the ureters.

For crushing, laser destruction of the stone can be used. Carry out laser treatment of the stone under anesthesia. The stone after such a procedure turns into dust.

This contact type of exposure is carried out using a probe equipped with a laser radiation source. The probe is inserted into the ureter, brought directly to the stone.

To process the stone, a special holmium laser is used, which does not have a damaging effect on the surrounding tissues. Insert the probe after the introduction of antibiotics, which are prescribed because of the high risk of infection.

Diet

For the prevention of colic, diet number 7 is resorted to, except in the case of oxalate stones, when diet number 6 is prescribed, which is used to treat gout.

The Kidney Diet #7 restricts salt intake, includes a predominantly plant-based diet, and increased daily fluid intake.

Oxalates

Oxalate stones look like dark-colored thorns. When advancing in the ureter, sharp edges injure the inner surface of the urinary tract, which leads to the appearance of blood in the urine.

Oxalate stones occur with normal acidity of urine. The reason for the appearance of oxalate stones is the lack of fluid in the body.

Sorrel, spinach, legumes, tomatoes are excluded from the menu, beets, carrots, black and green tea are limited. It is useful for oxalate stones to eat dishes with cucumbers, pears, apricots, grapes, Essentuki No. 20 mineral water are useful.

Phosphates

Round grayish phosphate stones occur in alkaline urine and are easily disintegrated by laser crushing.

With phosphate stones, cottage cheese, milk, liver, kidneys are limited. You can not use hot spices, smoked meats, cocoa, alcohol, coffee. Mushrooms, chicken eggs in the diet, sour cream are limited.

It is useful to drink birch sap, Arzni mineral water. Sour apples, cranberries, currants, lingonberries are recommended, carotenoids and vitamin D are needed.

Urats

Hard, yellowish urate stones form in an acidic environment with an excess of uric acid. With urate stones, it is useful to drink alkaline mineral waters of Essentuki No. 4, No. 17, Slavyanovskaya, Smirnovskaya.

It is recommended to limit meat products containing purines, increase the amount of plant foods, with the exception of legumes. With urate stones, it is useful to introduce dishes with parsley, celery into the menu, drink a decoction of pumpkin seeds.

After renal colic caused by urolithiasis, the patient has been in the dispensary for 5 years. To prevent renal colic, patients should follow a diet, drinking regimen, exclude excessive physical activity, and avoid hypothermia.
On the video on how to relieve renal colic and how to treat it:

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Severe kidney pain: causes and character

The paired organ is located just above the lumbar region, closer to the ribs. Therefore, with kidney disease, the patient experiences painful discomfort at the top of the back, which gives off in the lower back and side, sometimes even in the groin. But it is important to remember that painful symptoms in the lower back are not always diseased kidneys. The following ailments can cause pain:

pyelonephritis;
glomerulonephritis;
kidney failure;
hydronephrosis;
polycystic;
urolithiasis.

First aid for renal colic is to drink painkillers (Nurofen, Diclofenac) or a warm bath.

Renal spasm is permanent, rarely periodic. Such pains are mild, aching and pulling. Inflammatory kidney diseases, in addition to spasm, are accompanied by hyperemia, weakness and chills. Renal colic is sharp, such pain does not decrease with a change in position. It passes with vomiting and the general serious condition of the patient.

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List of drugs that can eliminate kidney pain

For pain in the kidneys, NSAIDs, analgesics, antispasmodics are used.

To relieve pain in the kidneys, you need to use medicines of a wide range, which include NSAIDs, analgesics, antispasmodics. If the disease has moved to an acute stage of development, injections are prescribed, and treatment with tablets is continued to stabilize the condition. For example, renal colic is caused by a stone in the ureter. In this case, you need to drink a Nurofen tablet or give an injection of Diclofenac. Drinking "Aspirin" is not worth it, as it is dangerous. The drug can cause bleeding, and "Naproxen" is prohibited in diseased kidneys.

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Antispasmodics

The mechanism of action of the group is based on the elimination of muscle spasm of organs or blood vessels. They help to relax the smooth muscles of the ureter. As a result, the lumen of the urinary ducts expands, which quickly soothes the unpleasant symptom. Antispasmodics are used to treat the kidneys of acute and chronic forms of the disease, for example, with pyelonephritis or ICD.

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Myotropic antispasmodics

Antispasmodic drugs are divided into groups, one of them is myotropic. They lead to a change in the ionic balance at the cellular level. As a result, kidney pain goes away faster. They also have a vasodilating effect. Bright representatives of myotropic tablets are "Drotaverin" and "No-shpa", which are considered analogues of each other.

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"Drotaverine" as a reliable pain relief

First aid for kidney pain. The name of the pill was given because of the main healing component, which not only relieves muscle spasm, but also nourishes tissues with oxygen. The difference is that side effects rarely develop after administration, and therefore the tablets are safe for children from 2 years old and pregnant women. Recommended dosage - 2 tab. up to 3 times a day.

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"No-shpa" based on drotaverine

"No-shpa" is the most popular and effective universal remedy for pain.

The most popular and effective medicine for kidney pain, which has a relaxing effect on the smooth muscles of the organ. Usually, doctors prescribe "No-shpu" as part of complex therapy for pyelonephritis, pyelitis, cystitis and nephrolithiasis. Release form - tablets and solution for injection. It is necessary to prick the drug in the most extreme case: an acute course of the disease, childbirth.

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Combined medicines

The term "combined drug" means a drug that has a dual effect on the body. For example, at the same time it will help reduce pain in the kidney area, inflammation and normalize body temperature. These qualities have made the group of drugs widely used in practice, despite the large number of contraindications and side effects. Good pills from the kidneys of the combined property:

Spazmalgon;
"Baralgin";
"Spazgan";
"Spasmonet";
"Revalgin".

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Spazmalgon comes to the rescue

The characteristic features of the drug are its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic qualities, it has the ability to relieve severe pain. This makes "Spazmalgon" effective not only in relation to diseases of the urinary system, but also the genital area, and the digestive tract. The dosage does not differ from the No-shpy prescriptions, and if necessary, they can be drunk or injected even for children.

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"Baralgin" for sick kidneys

"Baralgin" eliminates pain and inflammation in the kidneys, lowering the temperature.

A combined pain reliever and anti-inflammatory agent, which also shows positive results in the treatment of kidney diseases. In addition, "Baralgin" can bring down the temperature. Do not use during pregnancy, lactation and allergies to one of the components. It is undesirable to treat children with this remedy.

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Spazmonet, why not?

Doctors prescribe these pills for constant pain, since Spazmonet has a prolonged action. Admission during pregnancy and breastfeeding is carried out only under the supervision of a physician. Children can also drink medicine, the dosage and frequency of administration is regulated by the pediatrician. Limit - up to 6 tablets per day. Spazmonet is also used for prevention.

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Analgesics and antipyretics

Analgesics are drugs with a strong antispasmodic effect, whose mechanism of action is based on the effect on the central nervous system, which is why they are so effective in heart attacks, in the postoperative state and in the treatment of the urinary system. This includes drugs of natural, synthetic and semi-synthetic origin. They are prescribed for pain of a sharp nature. Antipyretics - are herbal medicines, whose action is based on thermoregulation. This causes a decrease in temperature, and antipyretics act until the body temperature returns to normal.

The disadvantage of analgesics is the body's addiction to the healing substance during long-term use.

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"Analgin", "Nurofen" and other effective analgesics

Analgesics reduce fever and pain caused by pathologies in the kidneys.

"Efferalgan" is a good medicine for pain in the kidneys and lowering the temperature. Before drinking, the medicine must be dissolved in water.
"Analgin" can be taken with pain syndrome of any severity and localization.
"Tempalgin" can help with severe pain and inflammation.
"Nurofen" has antipyretic and analgesic effect.
"Pentalgin" is a triple action drug: it helps to relieve kidney pain and relieve inflammation, lowers the temperature.

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Non-steroidal pain medications

In kidney disease, this group fights inflammation, pain and fever, which ensures their effectiveness. A widely used representative of NSAIDs is Diclofenac, which is produced in the form of tablets and ointments. Tablets have an antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory effect, pain ointment also relieves swelling and redness in the area of \u200b\u200bthe diseased organ. NSAIDs include Ibuprofen, Ketoprofen and Nimesulide.

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Symptoms of renal colic

Renal colic symptoms in men and women have similar manifestations, treatment should be immediate. What is renal colic? Unbearably painful spasm comes on suddenly and is the main symptom of the disease.

There is a sharp pain in the lower back, which feels like it is located in the entire lower part of the body. At the time of renal colic, a person does not understand where exactly it hurts, the spasm goes to the lower abdomen, gives it to the genitals, suprapubic area and thighs.

It is impossible to go to urinate, the outflow of urine is extremely difficult, while the urge becomes more frequent. From pain shock often occurs vomiting, gas formation and disorder of the stool.

The disease can occur on the move, often overtakes when walking, running, riding a bicycle, etc. Less commonly, but pain can also occur at rest. The spasm is excruciating and impetuous, grows and becomes unbearable.

A person does not find a place and a comfortable position to somehow alleviate the condition. Some patients point not to the lower back, but to the lower abdomen, groin area, genitals.

This may mean a unilateral pathology, with bilateral renal colic, the lower back hurts a lot. The acute syndrome has a fairly long character, only weakens for a while. When urinating after an attack, hematuria, discharge of sand and small stones may appear.

An attack of renal colic, signs

Sharp unbearable pain;
Spasm is felt in the lower back (bilateral);
Pain sensations are localized in the perineum and genitals (unilateral);
Cold sweat, blanching of the skin;
Body temperature rises (37.1-37.3 °C);
Nausea, often vomiting from pain;
palpitations, high blood pressure;
Duration of torment 2-3 hours;
Increased gas formation (flatulence);
Desire to drink plenty of fluids;
Difficulties with the outflow of urine.

After the attack is over, the patient can normally go to the toilet to urinate. In urine, there is a sediment of sand and small particles of stones, blood may appear in the urine (hematuria) due to trauma to the urinary canal.

It is urgent to call a doctor, only he will be able to correctly diagnose, since colic is similar to the symptoms of other pathological processes.

Similar symptoms with other diseases:

Acute attack of appendicitis;
Acute attack of pancreatitis;
Acute inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis);
Perforated stomach ulcer;
Aneurysm (expansion) of the aorta;
Herniated disc;
Acute intestinal colic.

Why does a seizure occur? An excruciating spontaneous spasm occurs due to the release of the stone. It, in turn, expands (compresses) the ureter, its muscles contract, resisting the normal exit of urine.

Accordingly, the accumulation of urine in the chls of the kidneys increases the pressure, the blood flow is disturbed, the parenchyma swells, and there is an excessive stretching of the organ.

This condition needs urgent emergency care, strong pain medications (pain collapse may occur) and often surgical intervention.

Causes of an attack

Kidney stones are the main cause of the disease. In 60-70% of all cases of an attack, there is a painful discharge of calculus and sand. The presence of inflammatory processes of the prostate, pyelonephritis and tuberculosis of the kidneys, also accompany the onset of the disease.

Diseases associated with the development of colic:

Inflection (torsion) of the ureter;
Tumor formations, heart attack and thrombosis of the kidneys;
Nephrosis, hydronephrosis, nephroptosis;
Chronic cystitis;
Pathology of the cervix, cysts in the ovaries;
Pyelonephritis;
Ectopic pregnancy;
Pathological processes in the prostate gland (prostatitis, adenoma);
Congenital anatomical anomalies of the kidneys.

Treatment

First of all, the patient should be given emergency care. First aid is a call to the doctor at home, only he will be able to recognize the main symptoms of the disease.

How to ease the attack:

Give the patient complete rest;
If there is no rise in temperature, fill a hot bath and seat the patient or fill containers (hot water bottle, plastic bottles) and place under the area where pain is observed;
To stop the spasm to restore the normal outflow of urine, it is necessary to give an antispasmodic: No-shpa injections / tablets, Papaverine injections / tablets, Spazmalgon, Drotaverin. If there are IM painkillers in the house, it is better to prefer them;
In severe cases, painkillers that have a narcotic effect may be prescribed by a doctor;
Basically, the patient is hospitalized, often undergoing emergency surgery, catheterization, percutaneous puncture nephrostomy (PNS).

Therapy of renal colic in complicated cases is carried out under the supervision of a doctor in the inpatient department.

Main reasons for hospitalization:

Unable to eliminate acute pain;
The patient has only 1 kidney;
High temperature that lasts for a long time.

What does the therapy include:

Antispasmodics and painkillers: Ketorolac, Diclofenac, Baralgin, Lidocoin, Atropine. Narcotic action - "Tramadol", "Morphine";
Drugs that reduce the production of urine: "Minirin", "Vasopressin";
Antiemetic: Cerucal, Metoclopramide;
Surgical treatment is prescribed in severe cases with medical ineffectiveness.

Indications for surgery

Severe course of urolithiasis;
dropsy of the kidneys (hydronephrosis);
Shriveled kidney (nephrosclerosis);
No result of drug therapy;
The outflow of urine is disturbed due to the obstruction of a large stone.

The main culprit of the disease is urolithiasis, so in most cases the patient is urgently prepared for surgery.

Types of surgical intervention:

shock wave remote lithotripsy;
Endoscopic surgery (contact lithotripsy);
Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy;
Stenting of the urinary canal;
Strip operation.

How to help a patient with an attack

Before the doctor arrives, it is necessary to provide the patient with an attack with the necessary conditions for easing the pain syndrome. If you are sure that the attack provoked colic, then seat the patient in a hot bath. Give drugs that will quickly alleviate the condition before the ambulance arrives.

How to identify a disease

In order to diagnose and correctly identify colic and begin the correct conservative treatment, the doctor must first collect the patient's history.

Palpation diagnostics;
General analysis of urine and blood;
X-ray and ultrasound of the kidneys and abdominal organs;
Urography intravenous;
MRI, chromocystoscopy.

Consequences

Pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis, pyonephrosis.

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

The optimal solution is the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the treatment of renal colic. The effectiveness of anti-inflammatory drugs is associated with inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 in the kidneys, a reduction in renal blood flow and a decrease in urine production. All this reduces pressure in the renal pelvis and ureter, which provides a long-term analgesic effect. The advantage of NSAIDs over narcotic analgesics is that they do not depress breathing, do not cause drug dependence, and do not have a spasmogenic effect. Thus, when stopping colic, the urologist is faced with a dilemma: which of the NSAIDs to prescribe? The relief of renal colic is more associated with the inhibition of COX-1, which is associated with the possible development of side effects of NSAIDs.

The most common NSAIDs are diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, indomethacin, piroxicam, nimesulide, ketorolac.

Diclofenac sodium (synonyms: voltaren, ortofen, revodin, diclomax)

Diclofenac sodium for the treatment of renal colic is used intramuscularly, orally, sublingually and rectally. To relieve an attack, it is possible to prescribe diclofenac 75 mg once or twice a day intramuscularly. Then they switch to taking the drug through the mouth.

The combination drug containing diclofenac is artrotek, consisting of diclofenac and misoprostol (an analogue of prostaglandin E, the inclusion of which reduces the frequency and severity of adverse reactions characteristic of diclofenac).

Ibuprofen (Brufen) - the maximum concentration develops 1-5 hours after ingestion. In terms of strength, it is inferior to diclofenac sodium, indomethacin, but better tolerated. It is one of the least toxic among NSAIDs. Available in tablets of 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg.

Indomethacin is one of the most active anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of renal colic. It has a pronounced analgesic activity.

Data are given on the advisability of using indomethacin in renal colic, since this drug reduces diuresis by 50% within 15 minutes after administration.

In 22% of cases, after the administration of indomethacin, the appointment of narcotic analgesics was required, while after the administration of diclofenac, only 11% of patients required additional analgesic therapy.

Assign adults 25 mg 3 times a day, maximum - 150 mg / day.

Ketorolac (synonyms: toradol, ketrodol, ketorol) - has established itself as a highly effective drug for the relief of pain and the treatment of renal colic. Ketorolac inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins, does not interact with opiate receptors, therefore it belongs to peripherally acting analgesics. Ketorolac is rapidly and completely absorbed after intramuscular and oral administration and after 50 minutes the peak plasma concentration is 3.0 μg / ml from a single intramuscular dose of 30 mg and after 35 minutes - 0.87 μg / ml after a single oral dose of 10 mg. The analgesic effect begins to appear 10 minutes after administration.

Ketorolac is comparable in analgesic effect to diclofenac and can be used to relieve renal colic.

Assign inside 10 mg every 6 hours; daily dose - 40 mg; duration of application is not more than a week.

Metamizole (synonyms: analgin, baralgin M, devalgin, dipyron, novalgin, ronalgin, toralgin) - traditional in domestic medical practice is the use of metamizol for the treatment of renal colic. The drug has a pronounced analgesic effect, combined with antispasmodic activity.

The combined drug is baralgin (synonyms: maxigan, spazmalgon, spazgan, trigan), consisting of metamizole and two antispasmodics, one - pitofenone - has a myotropic, the other - phenylpiverinium - atropine-like action. It is used to relieve pain caused by spasm of smooth muscles (colic).

In persons with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, other drugs come to the fore when stopping renal colic: antispasmodics, M-anticholinergics, antidiuretics.

Antispasmodics

The most common antispasmodics used to relieve colic are papaverine hydrochloride, no-shpa, halidor.

Papaverine hydrochloride is a myotropic antispasmodic. It reduces the tone and reduces the contractility of smooth muscles, has a vasodilating and antispasmodic effect.

Papaverine is prescribed for the treatment of renal colic by mouth, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously and rectally. Parenteral routes of administration of the drug are appropriate for stopping an attack. Under the skin and intramuscularly injected 1-2 ml of a 2% solution. 2 ml of 2% papaverine per 20 ml of saline is administered intravenously (very slowly).

No-shpa (drotaverine) has a strong and long-lasting antispasmodic effect. Unlike narcotic analgesics, no-shpa does not mask the symptoms of an acute abdomen, which can be used when there is doubt about the diagnosis of renal colic. Intravenously administered 2-4 ml of 2% solution.

It was found that drotaverine is effective in 79% of patients, significantly differing in effectiveness from placebo.

Halidor (synonymous with benziklan) has a myotropic antispasmodic and vasoconstrictive effect. For the treatment of renal colic, 50 mg of halidor is administered intramuscularly or intravenously (slowly).

Anticholinergics

Atropine is an antagonist of cholinergic receptors. This is due to the use of atropine in renal colic. By blocking cholinergic receptors, it makes them insensitive, which helps to relieve spasm of the smooth muscles of the upper urinary tract. To stop renal colic, 1 ml of a 0.1% solution of atropine is injected subcutaneously.

Platifillin also has an anticholinergic effect in the treatment of renal colic. In terms of its effect on cholinergic receptors, it is similar to atropine, but less active, but better tolerated. It also has an antispasmodic (papaverine-like) effect. To stop renal colic, platifillin is injected subcutaneously in 1-2 ml of a 0.2% solution.

When stopping an attack of pain, it is advisable to combine M-anticholinergic with analgesics.

Antidiuretics

A promising and practically unused method in domestic urology is the use of antidiuretics for the treatment of renal colic.

It is known that vasopressin is produced in the posterior pituitary gland, the main effect of which is the regulation of water reabsorption by the renal tubules. Vasopressin promotes the reabsorption of water from the tubules of the kidneys and reduces diuresis.

Adiuretin (desmopressin) is a synthetic analogue of vasopressin. Changes in the structure of the natural hormone made it possible to increase the antidiuretic activity of desmopressin and reduce the activity of vasopressin. Compared to the natural hormone, it is released 12 times slower, which ensures a long-term therapeutic effect. Desmopressin is administered intranasally due to its proteolytic destruction in the gastrointestinal tract. The main indications for prescribing the drug were diabetes insipidus and bedwetting.

T. Lopes et al. (2001) conducted a comparative study, the purpose of which was also to investigate the possibility of using desmopressin for the relief of renal colic. Desmopressin was administered as monotherapy and in combination with intramuscular administration of diclofenac. Based on the study, the authors report the high efficacy of desmopressin, ease of use and the possibility of outpatient use of the drug.

Therapeutic blockades

With the ineffectiveness of drug therapy for the treatment of renal colic, novocaine blockades are used. Previously, it was believed that one of the effective methods of pain relief is novocaine pararenal blockade according to Vishnevsky. But in recent years, attitudes towards this blockade have changed. Since with renal colic there is a pronounced edema of the perinephric tissue, the introduction of a solution of novocaine further increases this edema, to a greater extent worsening the supply of tissues with oxygen. Assessing the effect of pararenal novocaine blockade, it is believed that its result is apparently due not to the blockade itself and not to the effect of novocaine on the renal plexus, but to the resorption of novocaine from perinephric fiber into the blood stream with subsequent analgesic effect.

It is advisable to use the following types of therapeutic blockades: intradermal novocaine blockade and M.I. Astvatsaturov; paravertebral chlorethyl blockade; segmental novocaine blockade of the thoracic sympathetic trunk; blockade of the spermatic cord in men and the round ligament of the uterus in women according to M.Yu. Lorin-Epstein; intrapelvic blockade according to Shkolnikov-Selivanov; blockade by H.H. Kostyuchuk.

Most ailments take a person by surprise. Faced with this or that symptomatology, people often act intuitively. Often, thereby complicating the course of the disease. Increased attention requires urolithiasis. Especially during an attack called renal colic. Emergency care is the only reasonable solution. After all, the pain falls on the patient with such force that it is absolutely impossible to withstand it. It is extremely important that a caring person be next to the patient, who knows how to alleviate his suffering, which provoked renal colic, how to relieve pain. It should also be remembered what actions in this case are unacceptable.

Causes

One of the strongest human sensations is renal colic. Emergency assistance must be called immediately. Sharp, cutting pain occurs in the lumbar region. The main cause of unpleasant symptoms is a violation of the outflow of urine from the kidney. Stones that clog the ducts, or a tumor that compresses the above paths from the outside, can provoke problems.

The following ailments can cause an attack of renal colic:

urolithiasis disease;
kidney tumors;
pyelonephritis;
kidney tuberculosis;
diseases of the retroperitoneal cavity (paranephritis);
kidney injury;
gynecological diseases (oophoritis, salpingitis, adnexitis).

Symptoms of an attack

The main symptom of renal colic is pain in the lumbar region. It can occur after running, walking, lifting weights, cycling, motorcycle riding. Often an attack manifests itself for no apparent reason. Pain comes on quickly and escalates rapidly. They spread in the upper abdomen, covering the bladder and ureter. In men, they often reach the genitals. Symptoms of renal colic in women are sometimes felt in the perineum, giving to the thigh.

Each individual case may be characterized by any of the following features:

frequent urge to urinate, ending in cutting pain;
the presence of blood clots in the urine;
increased pressure (arterial);
dizziness, nausea, vomiting;
urge to defecate;
an increase in temperature, if the attack is provoked by pyelonephritis, up to 39 degrees.

The duration of an attack can vary greatly. In most cases, it takes 10-12 hours. Sometimes its manifestations drag on for several days, giving the patient short breaks.

Common cause of seizures in women

Not only the above sources can lead to unpleasant discomfort. Symptoms of renal colic in women are sometimes provoked by a number of physiological features. The risk group includes girls striving for harmony.

The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal layer of fat, which maintains their correct position. If there is little or no fat at all, then the organ becomes “wandering”. In this case, the kidney can sink low enough, causing a kink in the ureter. As a result, kidney pain will manifest itself. Most often, there is a “fall” of the right organ, since the liver puts pressure on it.

Diseases with similar symptoms

Sometimes the attack can proceed non-standard. If you have any doubts about the correct diagnosis, you should contact a specialist. Often, symptoms can characterize other diseases, while manifesting as renal colic. Emergency care correctly diagnoses the disease and provides the sufferer with the necessary relief much faster.

Be very careful, because the symptoms of the following diseases are often confused with an attack of renal colic:

intestinal obstruction;
acute appendicitis;
ectopic pregnancy;
salpingo-oophoritis in the acute stage;
damage to the lumbar and sacral roots (sciatica);
hepatic colic (biliary);
inflammation of the pancreas in acute form;
backache - lumbago;
perforated stomach ulcer.

If diagnosing symptoms causes difficulty for doctors, the patient will be taken to the urology department. Do not engage in self-diagnosis, because human health is at stake.

Features of an attack in children

Renal colic can be observed not only in adults. Sometimes this phenomenon occurs in children. Accompanied by an attack of pain, localized in the navel. There is vomiting. Babies are very restless and cry all the time. The duration of the attack lasts about 20 minutes. There may be an increase in temperature, usually in the range of 37.2-37.3 C.

Attack in pregnant women

The main source of the disease state is chronic pyelonephritis in the acute stage or urolithiasis. Unpleasant sensations are localized, as a rule, in the right side. Often the pain extends to the genitals and thigh.

Without fail, qualified assistance is required for renal colic. After all, it can often cause premature birth. In this case, you should not take independent measures. It is urgent to call an ambulance.

First aid

Only after reliably making sure that the symptoms are caused by urolithiasis, take action. If such manifestations are really renal colic, how to relieve pain? Having called an ambulance team, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to alleviate the patient's condition.

Place the patient in a hot (38-40 degrees) bath. The water should be such that the suffering patient can withstand it. Reference literature on urology brings to the attention that 10-20 minutes is enough. A hot bath can relieve spasm of the muscles of the ureters. Thus, it facilitates the passage of the stone.

It should be understood that due to various diseases (cardiovascular, skin), a hot bath may be contraindicated for the patient. What if such a person has renal colic? How to relieve pain in this case? An ordinary heating pad comes to the rescue. Put it on the area of the damaged kidney. Thermal procedures are the best way to deal with attacks of urolithiasis. They are also used in a hospital setting.

It is very important to remember that the above procedure applies only to renal colic. If the pain is provoked by acute inflammation of the peritoneal organ, thermal manipulations are strictly prohibited. Any warming will cause rapid progression of the disease.

Painkillers

First aid includes medication. Recommended drugs for renal colic:

Antispasmodics

Antispasmodics in renal colic help relieve spasm by relaxing the smooth muscles of the ureters and bladder. The following drugs are widely used:

No-Shpa. Available in the form of tablets and injection solutions based on drotaverine hydrochloride. The drug is considered safe, and therefore it is approved for use by pregnant women and children. Among the main contraindications are acute liver failure, as well as individual intolerance to the drug. You can stop an attack with a single intake of three to four tablets. If pain relief does not occur, it is worth using a stronger medication.
Atropine. Produced in the form of a solution suitable for internal use, as well as intravenous and intramuscular administration. The dosage is selected depending on the age and state of health of the person. The maximum amount of the drug used is 1 mg twice a day.
Platifillin. Complex drug. It has antispasmodic, analgesic, vasodilating and sedative properties. Stops an attack, eliminates a pain syndrome. The drug is prohibited for glaucoma, coronary heart disease, liver and kidney failure. In some cases, after the use of such a drug, side effects appear: convulsions, dizziness, acute psychosis, paresis of accommodation.

The use of such drugs for renal colic can alleviate the condition. It is rare to cope with severe attacks with their help.

Antiemetics

First aid for renal colic at home includes measures to eliminate vomiting. If this is not done, severe dehydration may occur, which is fraught with the development of complications. It is advisable to use the following medicines:

Metoclopramide. It is a liquid for oral administration. A single dose is 5 to 10 mg. Take the drug three to four times a day. If the attack is too strong, it is possible to use a medication produced in the form of a solution for intramuscular injection.
Cerucal. Produced in the form of a solution for injection and tablets. Contraindicated in bleeding in the digestive system, perforation of the stomach, epilepsy.
Perinorm. The drug is used three times a day for 5-10 mg. The tablet is washed down with plenty of clean water. In case of an overdose, a feeling of dry mouth, diarrhea, drowsiness, and depression may occur.

The patient must notify the attending physician about the use of such medications. Such drugs are dispensed in pharmacies only after presenting a prescription from a doctor.

Preparations that dissolve stones

After the patient has been anesthetized, it is necessary to direct all efforts to dissolve the stone that blocked the ureter. Specialized tools are used. In modern medicine, the following drugs for renal colic are popular:

Bicarbonate of soda. Produced in the form of a solution. It is designed to dissolve urates. Take a teaspoon three times a day. For the treatment of urolithiasis, a course of at least two months is required.
potassium citrate. With its help, it is possible to maintain the natural water-salt balance in the body. The dosage is selected individually, based on what kind of stone has formed in the kidneys. The patient's health status is regularly monitored by urinalysis.

Video removed.

With the right therapy and the selection of drugs, it is possible to dissolve small stones at home. In other cases, hardware crushing of stones will be required.

diet therapy

As in the treatment of other ailments, with urolithiasis and renal colic, a special diet is required. You will have to adhere to the following recommendations:

All foods with excessive salt content are prohibited.
We'll have to give up offal, sausages, smoked meats, chocolate, legumes.
You need to drink as much clean water as possible, unsweetened compotes, and a decoction of spikes. Avoid coffee and strong tea.
With such a disease, the basis of the diet should be boiled vegetables and steamed meat. Dietary soups and cereals are allowed.
If the stones are of phosphate origin, then all dairy products are included in the prohibited list.
With oxalates, spinach, lettuce and potatoes should be abandoned.

Pain syndrome at home is relieved by strawberries, nuts, olive oil, turmeric. Prunes, apples, cabbage, beets help to cope with spasm.

Surgery

If the size of the stone obstructing the ureter is too large, surgical intervention is required. There are several such treatments. Which ones to apply, the specialist will decide based on the results of the diagnostics.

More often, doctors perform lithotripsy. During the procedure, the stone is crushed using ultrasound. The procedure is carried out remotely or by contact. In the latter case, a thin tube is brought to the location of the stone.

Open surgery with a scalpel is performed only in complicated situations. This is useful for the accumulation of pus in the renal pelvis. In such a situation, there is a threat of peritonitis, so measures must be taken immediately.

Prevention

In order not to drink painkillers and not suffer from painful attacks of renal colic, you must follow a few simple rules of prevention:

Timely detect and treat all diseases of the genitourinary system.
Go in for sports, spend less time in a sitting position, but do not overwork.
Protect yourself from hypothermia, always dress for the weather.
Drink at least two liters of water daily.
As prescribed by the doctor, take vitamin and mineral complexes.
Eat right, give up bad habits.

Renal colic is a bright, intensely pronounced paroxysmal pain syndrome, which is formed when the ureter is obstructed by a clot of pus, mucus or blood, a calculus, an accumulation of solid salt crystals. Feels like it equates to heavy and almost unbearable. A patient who has once experienced such pain tries to prepare in advance for its relief. With renal colic, an anesthetic is a mandatory component of treatment.

The clinical picture manifests itself brightly, the main symptom is intense, often unbearable pain of a spastic nature, which occurs suddenly and abruptly. Unbearable sensations are localized in the lumbar region of the spine and can spread along the ureter, giving to the area of the perineum, intercostal space or external rib.

In addition to pain, the patient may experience the following manifestations:

increased arousal;
nausea, vomiting;
increase in blood pressure;
decrease in heart rate.

Since the pain radiates to various parts of the abdomen, genitals and rectum, the patient has a painful urge to defecate. In some cases, there is bloating of the intestine - a sign characteristic of an acute abdomen. If the calculus is localized in the lumen of the urethra, the process of urination is disturbed. The patient experiences a constant and painful desire to urinate, feeling discomfort at the time of emptying the bladder. Unbearable pain makes a person rush about in search of a comfortable position that can alleviate suffering a little.

If renal colic occurs in a child, then the focus of pain is localized in the navel. His body temperature rises, there is a feeling of nausea, ending in vomiting. He becomes overly excited and whiny. In a pregnant woman, an acute attack often occurs in the third trimester, she may take this for the onset of labor. Spasmodic pains can provoke premature birth, therefore, at the first sign, an ambulance team should be called.

Remedies to help relieve pain in renal colic

The main symptom of renal colic is intense pain of a spastic nature, which occurs suddenly and causes unbearable sensations in the patient. Therefore, the main task is to eliminate it. There are many ways to administer drugs, but injections or oral forms are considered the most popular. You should know how injections, tablets and capsules differ, and what is better to take with renal colic.

Injections, tablets, capsules: features of action and application

Most often, one hears that tablets have a negative effect on the digestive organs, irritate the mucous membrane, harm the liver and kidneys, increasing the load on them. Not the last place is occupied by allegations that they sometimes have an unpleasant taste and it is simply not possible to swallow them. Therefore, preference is often given to other methods of administering the therapeutic composition.

The characteristic properties of different dosage forms can be compared:

It's important to know! Despite all the advantages of injections and capsules, the tablet form remains the most popular due to its affordability and long shelf life. In addition, they are cheap to the manufacturer, which is reflected in their cost.

Removal of an attack at home

First aid for renal colic should be timely and competent. To quickly stop acute pain, you must follow the correct algorithm of actions. This set of measures should be carried out only with a clear conviction in the diagnosis.

In the first minutes, the main measures should be aimed at eliminating pain with the help of thermal methods and drugs. It is necessary to act clearly, following the sequence of procedures:

call an ambulance;
create a calm environment;
find out the area of localization of pain;
determine body temperature and monitor its possible changes;
collect urine for analysis.

Since the kidneys love heat, you need to wrap the patient with a blanket or blanket, apply a not very hot heating pad. In some cases, this measure helps to reduce the intensity of pain or eliminate it completely.

Preparations

At the end of the procedures using heat, drugs are indicated for renal colic, namely their use in any dosage form: tablets or injections. If there is no opportunity to call a doctor in the near future, you can cope with the pain yourself by administering painkillers injections for acute renal colic. They have anti-inflammatory, vasodilating, antispasmodic effects.

Medications used during an attack:

"No-Shpa";
"Drotaverine";
"Baralgin";
"Ketorol";
Spazmalgon;
"Analgin" together with "Dimedrol".

The patient is prescribed bed rest, complete rest. If the attack is easily stopped, the patient remains on outpatient treatment, and undergoes a course that includes such drugs:

antibiotics and uroseptics - Fosfomycin, Nitroxoline, Ceftriaxone;
NSAIDs - Diclofenac, Lornoxicam, Drotaverine;
preparations to improve microcirculation - "Trental", "Pentoxifylline".

Traditional medicine will help to alleviate well-being and reduce the severity of symptoms.

Folk ways

Treatment at home is almost always supplemented by traditional medicine. With an integrated approach, the medicine for renal colic in the form of herbal teas has a positive effect and alleviates the patient's condition. Plant-based preparations and ready-made preparations with diuretic and antiseptic properties can be purchased at any pharmacy. For the treatment of renal colic, it is recommended to choose a medicine depending on the composition of the calculus.

Oxalates	Urats	Phosphates	mixed type
sporysh	Barberry	Parsley	horsetail
wheatgrass	Leaves and buds of birch	St. John's wort	Peppermint
Dill	Cowberry berries	Cowberry	calamus root
strawberry leaves			nettle leaves

The following methods are considered the most effective.

A warm compress on the kidney area from a decoction of oats helps to expand the ducts and facilitate the movement of the stone along the excretory pathways, which speeds up its exit.
To eliminate painful sensations, a collection of chamomile, centaury and sage, taken in equal parts, is used. Brew 1 tsp. in a glass of boiling water and drink a teaspoon every hour. The course of treatment is 2-3 months.
A decoction of birch buds, young shoots or leaves eliminates the symptoms of colic. Boil 8 tablespoons of raw materials in a liter of water for 20 minutes. The resulting volume is divided into 5 parts and taken throughout the day.

Often, with renal colic, treatment with drugs such as Canephron, Cyston, Urolesan is indicated.

If symptoms of renal colic occur, emergency care can stop an acute attack, relieve pain. The calculus moves to the lower parts of the urinary system, and its discharge occurs naturally. The patient experiences instant relief, and his condition quickly returns to normal.

Methods of anesthesia in the hospital

If the size of the stone exceeds the diameter of the lumen of the ureter, then it cannot exit on its own, and progress along the excretory pathways is accompanied by a series of seizures. In this case, it is advisable to stay the patient in the hospital.

At the time of admission to the clinic, the patient is examined and the size and number of stones are determined. This factor influences the choice of treatment option.

Advice! If the diameter of the microlith does not exceed 8 mm, the patient is prescribed painkillers and decongestants. If there is a stone larger than the specified value, it is necessary to remove it surgically.

The fight against renal colic always begins with the appointment of antispasmodics and painkillers. The choice of medication is carried out by the doctor. With a protracted attack, novocaine blockade or drip administration of complex medicinal mixtures helps well. The most common is such a compound: "Platifillin", "Baralgin", glucose. Droppers are often combined with injections of Analgin, Pipolfen, and taking Dimedrol, Promedol, No-shpy, Papaverine tablets.

If an inflammatory process is detected in the body, the patient is prescribed a course of antibiotic therapy, if he has a tendency to edema, it is advisable to prescribe diuretics.

Important Notes

If a person develops urolithiasis, then sooner or later the stones will begin to move along the urinary tract, trying to get out. The condition of the patient in this case will depend on the actions of himself, as well as his loved ones. You can remove the attack only by using antispasmodics and painkillers. But without exception, all medicines have contraindications for use and a number of side effects, which are detailed in the instructions. Therefore, before using it, you should carefully study it.

Increased caution should be shown to women during pregnancy and breastfeeding, choosing for treatment only those drugs, the benefits of which are high enough, and the risk to the fetus is minimized as much as possible.

Overdose of painkillers

Painkillers for renal colic should be taken in compliance with the indicated amount of medication and frequency. If you ignore these recommendations and unauthorized excess of the volume of the drug, an overdose occurs. Sometimes it can appear by chance if a patient in a state of pain shock has taken pills more than normal.

The following symptoms may indicate an overabundance of painkillers in the patient's body:

It should be remembered that an overdose of drugs is a life-threatening condition, therefore, if one or more of the above signs appear, it is necessary to call an ambulance team, and not self-medicate with improvised means. If a critical condition develops, the patient must be taken to a hospital where symptomatic therapy is carried out, in extreme cases - plasmapheresis.

Side effect

When prescribing painkillers, the doctor takes into account, first of all, the patient's condition and the duration of the attack. But regardless of the group, they all have a number of side effects.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics can cause such reactions:

irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa;
worsening liver or kidney function;
dizziness, drowsiness or insomnia, headache;
nausea, vomiting, weakness;
convulsions, respiratory depression;
a bleeding disorder that causes bleeding, hearing loss, vision loss.

Side effects appear after taking a large dose of the drug or a mixture of drugs, when, without waiting for the desired effect, the patient takes another pain medication. This is due to the desire to relieve pain as soon as possible. Any remedy should be taken with caution, giving preference to the safest and most proven medicines.

Contraindications for use

When providing emergency care, it should be borne in mind that any remedy that relieves pain may have certain contraindications. Before carrying out the necessary manipulations at home and using painkillers, it should be noted that they cannot be prescribed to people who have such disorders:

You should also know that in inflammatory processes, thermal manipulations are strictly contraindicated.

Attention! If renal colic occurs in an elderly person, it is advisable to replace a bath with warm water with a heating pad. This will prevent the development of a heart attack, and sometimes myocardial infarction.

Prevention of relapses

Compliance with the diet is one of the basic principles on which the prevention of renal colic in urolithiasis is based. During periods of calm, the following recommendations should be followed.

Drink a sufficient amount of liquid, include alkaline drinking in the drinking regimen (with uric acid stones).
Limit the consumption of meat, fish, legumes, as well as calcium-containing foods - cottage cheese, milk.
Refuse spinach, sorrel, tomatoes, green salad.
Take vitamin and mineral complexes.
Increase physical activity to avoid the accumulation of salt crystals in the renal pelvis.
Lead a healthy lifestyle.

The patient should try to avoid exposure to such factors:

drafts, hypothermia;
coffee, alcohol;
urological infections and viral diseases;
injury in the anatomical location of the kidneys.

For the purpose of prevention, the patient is obliged to undergo regular medical examinations, diagnose pathological processes in the structures of the paired organ in time, and conduct adequate therapy. If a person has previously been diagnosed with urolithiasis, then he must strictly follow the doctor's instructions, including diet.