Word order in an English sentence, construction scheme.

What if there is no subject?

Order of adjectives.

Words that have a special place in a sentence.

Word order in negative and interrogative English sentences.

Reverse word order

Word order in narrative statements

Word order in English questions

Word order in imperative sentences

Word order in exclamatory sentences

Other cases of inversion

The order of the members of a sentence in a sentence - SUBJECT - PREDICATE - is usually called in grammar direct word order(the Direct Order of Words). Direct word order is the norm for an affirmative sentence in English language:

Walking can be recommended as a good exercise.

Placing the predicate before the subject is usually called reverse word order or, to use the generally accepted term, inversion(the Indirect Order of Words, Inversion).

A distinction is made between complete and partial inversion.

At complete inversion the predicate, expressed in one word, is placed before the subject. Cases of complete inversion are few:

Is anybody at home? (as a semantic verb). Has anybody twenty dollars to lend me? (as a semantic verb).

Much more numerous cases partial inversion, i.e. placing in front of the subject a part of a predicate - an auxiliary or modal verb, as well as a linking verb:

Has you received any new emails? Can walking be recommended as a good exercise? Is it cold today?

When forming a question using auxiliary verb do like: At what time does the sun rise now? – essentially there is no reverse word order. The question indicator is an auxiliary verb do; the remaining members of the sentence are placed in the usual order: subject - predicate: Does the sun rise?

An indirect question in English is constructed like an affirmative sentence: Ask if he can come to see me tomorrow afternoon. I wonder what time it is. In Russian there is reverse order words, as well as the presence of the particle whether in the sentence: Ask if he can come to me tomorrow. Find out if the director has arrived.

The predicate also comes before the subject in the following cases:

In design there is (are) and with all verbs preceded by a formal there: There is a meeting today. There must be a meeting today.

In exclamatory sentences expressing a wish: Long Live the King!

In conditional sentences beginning with verb forms: were, had, should: Were I in your place, I would act differently. Should the weather keep fine in September, come down to see us in the country.

When repeating an auxiliary or modal verb in sentences like: You are here, so am I.

Note: The subject takes its usual place if it refers to the same subject of speech in both sentences: “You seem to be very pleased with your work,” said my friend to me. “So I am,” I answered.

You've probably noticed that rearranging words in a Russian sentence does not change the meaning of the sentence itself. What difference does it make whether we say “There are many wolves in the forest” or “There are many wolves in the forest.” And so, and so it is said about the presence of a large number of wolves in the forest.

Affirmative sentences

In English, word order is strictly fixed.

This means every word has its place. Well, in fact, not everyone, but only two - the subject and the predicate. Let's remember our school days. The subject is who or what does the action; what or who the sentence is about. The predicate is what that person/thing does. From the latter it follows that the predicate is a verb. So, in relation to the English sentence, there is a central dogma consisting of two points:

FIRST. The subject comes first, the predicate comes second, and then everything else comes. Schematically, this can be depicted as follows:

Table. Word order in an English sentence

1 PLACE

2ND PLACE

3RD PLACE

SUBJECT

PREDICATE

REST OF THE PROPOSAL

Daniel

toworkeveryday.

These flowers

so beautiful!

Cats

don't eat

The following note should be made about this table: You can put a definition BEFORE the subject. And second: this scheme is used for affirmative sentences, i.e. those with a period at the end.

SECOND. An English sentence ALWAYS has a predicate, i.e. verb! Even if you don’t hear this verb in the Russian translation of this sentence. For example: There are many wolves in the forest. (there is not a single verb here, although this sentence can be remade for a convenient translation: “There are many wolves in the forest.” This version already has a verb - there are). - There are many wolves in the forest.

Interrogative sentences

This word order applies only to sentences that end with a period, that is, affirmative sentences. And there are also interrogative sentences that end with a question mark. And this is where difficulties with word order and all sorts of confusion begin.

So, there are 2 basic types of questions: general and. To the first we answer “yes” or “no”, and to the second we answer something specific, special (depending on what is asked in the question itself). Remember that the word order in any English sentence is FIXED, and this also applies to questions.

0 PLACE - QUESTION WORD

What - what? Which?
Who - who?
Who(m) - to whom? by whom?
Where - where? Where?
When - when?
Why - why?
How - how?
How much (many) - how much?
Which - which?
What - which one?
Whose - whose?

1st PLACE - AUXILIARY VERB

is/are/am
do / does / did
will / would / shall
have / has
can/could
may/might
ought
should

2nd PLACE - SUBJECT

3rd PLACE - BASIC (SEMINAL) VERB

3rd PLACE - REST OF WORDS

There are also several caveats to this structure.

NOTE 1. How to choose an auxiliary verb? Very simply: the auxiliary verb is the one that appears first in the original sentence. For example:

Danny is a worker ---> is
Anna will drive ---> will
They have finished the report ---> have

Therefore, to ask a question, you just need to rearrange the subject and predicate.

What to do if there is no auxiliary verb? For example: We visited the museum. Here we have only the main verb - visited. Therefore, when there is no visible auxiliary verb, then it is - do / does / did, depending on time. In our case it is did, since the verb is in .

NOTE 2. The main (semantic) verb, when you ask a question, is pure, that is, without any endings, in the initial form.

NOTE 3. How to understand 0 place? This position in the question is called so because there are question words only in special questions, but not in general ones. It is by the question word that you determine what to answer. For example:

Mother gave her son a tasty medicine yesterday because he was ill.

Who? -Mother
Whom? -son
Whose son? - her
What? - medicine
What medicine? - tasty
When? - yesterday
Why? - because he was ill

In general questions (those to which you answer “yes” or “no”) there is no question word, that is, an auxiliary verb comes immediately.

In conclusion, we offer you a small test:

In English, declarative sentences have a fixed word order, i.e. each member of the sentence has its own specific place: 1 – subject, 2 – predicate, 3 – complements, 4 – circumstances.

The definition does not have a permanent place and can stand with any member of the sentence expressed by a noun:

We received important information yesterday,
1 2 definition 3 4

We got important information yesterday.

When a noun is qualified by two or more adjectives or nouns, the one that is more closely related in meaning to it is placed closer to it:

If there are two or more circumstances, they are in the following order:

a) the circumstance of the course of action,

b) circumstance of place,

c) an adverb of time, and the latter can take the zero place before the subject:

Last month I met her by chance at the theatre.
0 1 2 3 4 4

Last month I met her by chance at the theater.

VERB TO BE

The verb to be in Present, Past and Future Simple has the following forms:

In an interrogative sentence, the verb to be is placed before the subject.

For example:

Was he in Africa last year? Was he in Africa last year?

Where were you yesterday? Where were you yesterday?

The negative form of the verb to be in the Present and Past Simple is formed without an auxiliary verb; The negation not follows immediately after the verb to be.

For example:

The Institute isn't far from the metro station. The Institute is located near the metro station.

VERB TO HAVE

The verb to have in Present, Past and Future Simple has the following forms:

The interrogative form of the verb to have can be formed in two ways:

1) By placing the verb to have before the subject.

For example:

Had you a lecture on philosophy yesterday? Did you have a philosophy lecture yesterday?

2) Using the verb to do.

For example:

Did you have a lecture on philosophy yesterday? Did you have a philosophy lecture yesterday?

The negative form of the verb to have can be constructed in two ways:

1) Using the negative pronoun no (or negative group not any) before a noun.

For example:

They have no car. They don't have a car.

I don't have any car. I do not have a car.

3) In the usual way of forming the negative form of the verb, i.e. using the auxiliary verb to do.

For example:

I did not have much work to do yesterday. Yesterday I had a little work.

In colloquial speech, instead of to have, have, has got ("ve/"s got) are often used:

I "ve got a good car. I have a good car.

Have you got an English dictionary? Do you have an English dictionary?

I haven't got an English dictionary. I don't have an English dictionary

TURNOVER THERE + TO BE

The phrase there + to be has meaning is, is, is, exists. The verb to be is put in the personal form (is, are, was, were, will be) and agrees with the following noun. The translation of such sentences must begin with the adverbial place or with the predicate if the adverbial is absent.

In an interrogative sentence, the verb in the personal form comes first before there:

Is there a school in your street? Is there a school on your street?

Yes, there is. Yes, I have.

No, there is not. No.

In a complete negative sentence, after the phrase there + to be, the negative pronoun no is placed:

There will be no lecture on physics tomorrow. There will be no physics lecture tomorrow.

Before many, much and numerals, put not instead of no:

Note!

Predicate verbs cannot have adjectives or participles as dependent words. Verbs are defined only by adverbs. Therefore, if a verb is followed by an adjective or participle, then this is not a simple verbal predicate with a dependent word, but a compound nominal, where the adjective is the nominal part. Remember that in compound nominal predicates, linking verbs completely or partially lose their lexical meaning, therefore their translation into Russian differs from the translation of the same verbs in other functions.

Compare the following examples:

Compound nominal

Didn't grow pale. - He turned pale.

His face went tense. – His face tensed.

Why do you need to take into account the syntactic structure of a sentence?

Sometimes an English sentence cannot be understood and, therefore, translated into Russian without parsing it. However, due to the lack of inflections and the large number of homonymous grammatical forms, this can be difficult. The following rules may help you:

I. Try to find the main parts of the sentence - subject and predicate.

1. REMEMBER! In a declarative sentence, the subject comes before the predicate and the object comes after it.

2. PLEASE NOTE!

a) Pronouns in the nominative case (I, we, she, he, they) are always subjects.

b) Personal forms of the verbs to be and to have, modal verbs, combinations with auxiliary verbs shall, will always perform the function of a predicate.

1. A noun with a preposition is never a subject.

2. The subject is never next to the object: they are always separated by the predicate.

II. The circumstance cannot be confused with the subject, because it

1. or expressed as a noun, and then it is always preceded by a preposition.

2. or expressed by an adverb, which can be defined:

a) by the presence of a suffix – ly

slowly – slowly (adverbs with this suffix are usually not recorded in dictionaries);

b) according to dictionary marks: adv = adverb – adverb.

III. Sometimes it can be difficult to find the modifier in a sentence and distinguish it from the subject or object.

In English, a definition can be expressed by almost any part of speech and can appear either before or after the word being defined. However, if the definition is expressed by an adjective, pronoun, adverb, participle, gerund or infinitive, and the word being defined is a noun, then they can be easily distinguished by form or using dictionary marks. Difficulties arise when the definition is also expressed by a noun. But here, too, options are possible.

1. The definition can be expressed by a noun in the possessive case. Then it stands before the word being defined and has a formal sign - an apostrophe.

student's book – student's book

2. A noun with a preposition. Then the definition always comes after the word being defined.

letter from her sister – letter from sister

a cup of tea - a cup of tea

3. The most difficult case is when the definition is expressed by a noun in the general case and formally does not differ in any way from the word being defined. In this case, the definition always comes before the word being defined and is translated either by an adjective or a noun in the genitive case.

business letter - business letter

Institute building - institute building

REMEMBER! The definition and the word being defined cannot be interchanged. Otherwise the meaning will change.

For example:

export oil – export oil

oil export – oil export

Exercise 1. Translate into English.

1. Home work. 2. A picture gallery. 3. Our University building. 4. City traffic. 5. Television programs. 6. Research methods. 7. The twentieth century literature. 8. High quality textbook. 9. Foreign languages department. 10. Local education authorities. 11. Kindergarten age children. 12. A Palestine National Liberation front representative. 13. Active preconscious process. 14. Labor Party Young Socialists.

Exercise 2. Find the subject and the predicate in the sentence. Translate the sentences.

1. Their highest concept of right conduct is to get a job. 2. Harris grew more cheerful. 3. Mary has been looking for you everywhere. 4. Yet at this very time their friends and defenders are looking for the solution. 5. An important landmark in the creation of fraternal unity between the youth of Britain and that of its former colonies in Asia, Africa and America has been reached. 6. A new wide scheme of grants for hotel extensions was announced. 7. His first impulse was to cross to the other side to avoid the oncoming figure. 8. Further events were of little importance. 9. He stood invisible at the top of the stairs. 10. The tone of his voice continued dry and cold. 11. He must come dead or alive. 12. According to the intention of its creator, it can be appropriately applied only to his own particular method. 13. Forgetting something is a difficult matter. 14. These three were known everywhere. 15. No one could walk around that forest. 16. All of you ought to stop doing nothing. 17. Everything is being used against you. 18. The nightmare has come true. 19. The rest of the time was yours. 20. How to explain and make comments is an art itself. 21. The thermal properties of a solid are often of importance in determining its suitability for any particular application. 22. Thirty is a good age to begin a new life. 23. What I want is sea air.

Exercise 3. Compare the sentences. Find the subject and the predicate in the sentence. Translate the sentences.

1. The tram stop is near our Institute. All the trams stop near our Institute. 2. He studies at the Institute. – We have many studies at our Institute. 3. There are many new houses in our town. - There are 1O halls in the museum, but they house only a part of the exhibits. 4. A large window in my room faces south. – It was pleasant to see children’s rosy faces. 5.1 likes to walk in the park. – They park their cars at a parking. 6. His place is at the window. – Place this desk at the window. 7. The children were amusing for her. – The children were amusing her. 8. Your duty is to take care of your parents. – To take care of your parents is your duty. 9. That sounds rather absurd. – Those sounds are rather absurd.

In this article we will touch on a topic that worries many - how to correctly compose this or that English sentence, or, in other words, what sequence of words to choose in order to get a grammatically correct sentence construction and a beautiful, logical and understandable statement for others. Here, first of all, it is worth paying attention to the nature of the sentence according to the purpose of the statement, namely, whether it is declarative, interrogative, motivating or exclamatory. Let us consider certain types of such statements.

Note: for ease of perception of the material in the examples below, the members of the sentence will be highlighted in color: the subject will be red, the predicate will be blue, the direct object will be brown, etc.

In an ordinary (declarative) sentence subject usually placed immediately before predicate . This type of sentence construction is called direct word order and is fixed for the construction of narrative statements in English. A direct object (if present) follows immediately after the predicate:

*John* *is traveling* .	John is traveling.
He is writing an article.	He is writing an article.
*The man who stayed at our hotel last night* *is writing a book.*	The man who stayed at our hotel last night is writing a book.

Please note that under the subject there is not just a single word, but sometimes a whole phrase or construction containing an infinitive, or a subordinate clause.

*A strong wish to stay* *was following me.*	A strong desire to stay haunted me.
*Reading at least one book a week* keeps your mind fit.	Reading at least one book a week keeps your mind fit.
*The woman who lives next door* *has telephoned you.*	The woman who lives next door called you.

If a sentence contains any other parts of it - an indirect object, circumstances expressed by adverbs or certain phrases - then these members of the sentence usually also occupy certain places in the statement.

Position indirect object in an English sentence . Indirect addition follows direct object , if it is preceded by a preposition (for example, the preposition to), and preceded by direct object, if there is no preposition.

*Jane* *gave that interesting book to her brother.*	Jane gave that one interesting book to his brother.
*Jane* *gave her brother an interesting book.*	Jane gave her brother an interesting book.

What's the difference, you ask. Take a closer look at the information conveyed by each of the proposals - the most important and new information is moved to the end of the sentence, that is, for the first statement it was important to whom Jane gave the book, while for the second it was important what exactly she gave to her brother.

Position of circumstance. Circumstances occur in an English sentence in three different places:

a) before the subject, for example:

*Tomorrow* I *am leaving* *my native town.*	Tomorrow I will leave my hometown.
*At the end of the week* we go fishing.	At the end of the week we go fishing.
*Because of your laziness* you have a lot of problems.	Because of your laziness, you have a lot of problems.

This position is characteristic mainly of circumstances of time, place, cause and condition.

b1) after addition, for example:

We *play tennis on Saturdays.*	We play tennis on Saturdays.
*The tourists* *are leaving our town tomorrow .*	Tourists are leaving our city tomorrow.
*Mary* told me the truth the day before yesterday.	Mary told me the truth the day before yesterday.

b2) with intransitive verbs immediately after the verb, for example:

I *am jogging* *in the park.*	I'm running in the park.
*The petrol cost* *is increasing rapidly.*	The cost of gasoline is rising rapidly.
*The sun* *is shining brightly.*	The sun is shining brightly.

Position b1) and b2) are acceptable for almost all types of circumstances, except for those discussed in paragraph c).

c) in the middle of the predicate group, that is, between the auxiliary and the semantic verb. This position is typical for circumstances expressed by adverbs denoting the regularity or time of execution (perfection) of an action. Moreover, if the predicate is expressed by only one verb, the position of the adverb is preserved - it will stand before the usual semantic verb, but if the verb can act as an auxiliary (and somewhere nearby the nominal part of such a predicate is found), then the adverb will appear after it. Examples:

*Tom* has already seen this film.	Tom has already seen this film.
*Sue* doesn't usually help me.	Sue doesn't usually help me.
*Helen* often visits her granny.	Helen often visits her grandmother.
*Jack* is often late.	Jack is often late.

The question quite naturally arises: “What if several circumstances should be used in a sentence?” To begin with, it should be noted that such situations most often occur with circumstances of time, place and manner of action (usually only with two types of this list). As a rule, it is preferable to use the adverbial first course of action , then - places , and only then - time . It’s easy to remember this combination, because it partly resembles the name of a famous TV show, only in a slightly modified form - “How? Where? When?". In this case, more precise time parameters are placed before more generalized ones. Examples:

*They left their house quickly in the morning.*	They left their house hastily in the morning.
*Jane met Paul in the street last week.*	Jane met Paul on the street last week.
*Terry is going to say good bye to all his friends at the station at 6 o’clock tomorrow .*	Terry is going to say goodbye to all his friends at the station at 6 o'clock tomorrow.

However, this rule is advisory rather than mandatory. Live English speech circumstances may be arranged in a different order, since the speaker may have different speech intentions and, using an unusual position of words and phrasal stress, try, for example, to highlight a certain part of the utterance. But at the stage of learning English, you should accept this order circumstances to be noted in order to avoid future doubts about correct structure offers.

Introductory words are most often placed at the beginning of a sentence, expressing the attitude of the author of the statement to the entire sentence, for example:

*Perhaps* *the group has already* *reached* *the destination of the trip.*	The group may have already reached their destination.
*Surely* *the teacher will ask you.*	Surely the teacher will ask you.

However, the author of the statement may sometimes put introductory word and in another place, for example, inside a complex predicate, to give special significance and emotional emphasis to any part of the sentence, for example:

For greater clarity, below is sentence construction scheme(narrative) with examples:

Circumstance or introductory word	Subject	Predicate	Addition			Circumstance
Circumstance or introductory word	Subject	Predicate	indirect	direct	indirect with preposition	course of action	places	time
	1) We	gave	Jane	her present.
	2) We	gave		this present	to Jane.
	3) We	gave	Jane	her present		with great pleasure.
4) At the party	we	gave	Jane	a present.
5) Surely	we	gave	Jane	Apresent			on the stage	at the end of the party.

Translation of the sentences given in the table (to avoid misunderstandings) in order:

1) We gave Jane her gift.

2) We gave this gift to Jane.

3) We gave Jane her gift with great pleasure.

4) At the party we gave Janepresent.

5) Of course, we gave Jane a gift on stage at the end of the party.

Position of definitions. Wherever you find definitions: in the subject group, in the complement group, and even in the adverbial group, within which there is a noun that can be characterized. Definitions can be expressed various parts speech, but the most common, of course, is the adjective, which occupies a position before the noun it modifies. And here the question arises: “What if there are several adjectives? In what order should I put them?” . This order and possible examples are presented in the following table:

Translation of examples:

1) a large old Scottish yacht;

2) rare old red oriental carpet;

3) new purple leather jacket.

Using these simple rules will help you construct affirmative sentences correctly in English. The above examples were based on simple sentences, but the same word order is preserved in complex sentences and will be correct for both the main and subordinate clauses. Examples:

*Jim* left the place where he had been living for five years.	Jim left the place where he lived for 5 years.
*The poor baby* is ill so we need some medicine.	The poor baby is sick, so we need some medicine.

All that remains is to find out the word order in interrogative, imperative and exclamatory sentences.

The question differs from an affirmative sentence in the position of the subject and predicate; the remaining members of the sentence in the question occupy the same positions as in the affirmative sentence. Let's compare:

affirmative sentence

interrogative sentence

You can be my friend. /

You can be my friend.

Can you
be my friend? /

Can you be my friend?

If in an affirmative sentence the subject precedes the predicate, then in a question it appears inside the “predicate frame”, consisting of at least two elements.

First of all, you should understand that in English there are five basic types of questions and each has its own word order. But don't give up. In reality, all types of questions start from the same kind of structure - general issue. Let's start with it:

Word order in a general question. Such a question does not contain a question word and requires the answer: “Yes” or “No”. The first position in such a sentence is occupied by the auxiliary verb, followed by the subject, then the semantic verb or the nominal part of the predicate and all other members of the sentence. Examples:

Do *you* like playing golf?	Do you like playing golf?
*Has* *Jane been to Alaska?*	Has Jane been to Alaska?

Word order in a special question distinguished by the presence question word , which is put before the structure characteristic of the general question. For example:

*Why* *do you like traveling?*	Why do you love to travel?
*When* *did you go to Mexico?*	When did you go to Mexico?

Word order in alternative question completely coincides with that in the general question:

*Will* *you* join us or Jenny?	Will you join us or Jenny?
*Has* *Paul has been to Montreal or Quebec?*	Was Paul in Montreal or Quebec?

Word order in questions to the subject is determined by the fact that the question word here is the subject - it comes first and there is no need to use a special auxiliary verb to form a question, unless it is required to construct the tense form of the predicate. The question word is immediately followed by the entire predicate:

*Who* *likes playing golf?*	Who loves to play golf?
*Who* will help you?	Who will help you?

Word order in a dividing question is a simple sequence of an auxiliary verb (with or without negation) and a subject expressed by a personal pronoun, for example:

Paul likes playing computer games, doesn't he?	Paul loves to play computer games, is not it?
Jane won't help you, will she?	Jane won't help you, will she?

Below is the structure of questions in English in a simple diagram format with examples:

	information preceding the question (for separation)	question word	auxiliary	subject	semantic verb	other members of the sentence
general question			1) Do	you	live	in London?
specialist. question		2) How long	have	you	been living	in London?
altern. question			3) Do	you	live	in London or in Edinburgh?
question to subject				4) Who	lives	in London?
chapter. question	5) You live in London		don't	you?

1) Do you live in London?

2) How long have you lived in London?

3) Do you live in London or Edinburgh?

4) Who lives in London?

5) You live in London, don't you?

Imperative sentences are characterized by the absence of a subject and the position of the predicate in the imperative mood at the beginning of the sentence. Examples:

*Take* *an umbrella!*	Take an umbrella!
*Don* *'t tell* me this story again!	Don't tell me that story again!

In addition to the fact that almost any sentence can be made exclamatory due to its particularly emotional pronunciation, in English there is a special group of sentences that are constantly exclamatory. They begin with the words What or How, associated with a specific noun or adjective/adverb, respectively. Such sentences are used to express strong emotions, such as admiration, for some reason and after designs with What or How the subject and predicate follow (although sometimes they are omitted). Examples:

*What a fun* *y puppy!*	What a funny puppy!
*What an awful taste* *you* *have!*	What terrible taste you have!
*How long*

Word order in English subordinated to a clear diagram (in the picture). Substitute words there instead of squares and get correct order words The scheme is simple and you can figure it out in literally 15 minutes. For better understanding, there are examples of English sentences with translation into Russian.

The standard English sentence is built according to such a scheme:

The sentence shown in the figure is called narrative or, which is the same, affirmative. An affirmative sentence is when someone did something and we talk about it.

At the first place The subject in the sentence is the one who performs the action. In the diagram and in the examples, the subject is highlighted in red. The subject can be a noun (mom, cat, apple, work, etc.) or a pronoun (I, you, he, etc.). The subject may also contain several adjectives used as modifiers (fast cat, red apple, etc.).

In second place there is always a predicate. The predicate is the action itself. In the diagram and in the examples, the predicate is highlighted in blue. It is expressed by a verb (to go, look, think, etc.)

After the predicate there is one or more additions. The object is again a noun or pronoun.

And at the end of the sentence there are circumstances of place and time. They show where and when the action took place. As a rule, first come the words that answer the question “Where?”, and then the words that answer the question “When?”.

Examples of affirmative sentences:

In the Russian language, it is quite common to make utterances in which either the subject, or the predicate, or both are missing. For example:

In English the predicate is obligatory. And in such cases, the verb to be (is) is used as a predicate. For example:

They are students.
They are students.

That is, the English, instead of “They are students,” say “They are students,” and instead of “This is a tree,” they say, “This is a tree.” Here “are” and “is” are forms of the verb to be. This verb, unlike most other English verbs, is inflected by persons. You can see all forms of the verb to be.

If a Russian sentence lacks both a subject and a predicate, then when translated into English, “It is” is placed at the beginning of the sentence. For example:

Cold.
It is cold.

It happens that the addition contains a large number of adjectives. For example:

I bought a large beautiful and very comfortable sofa.

Here is the standard word order in which adjectives are arranged in an English sentence:

1) adjectives describing your impression of the object (good, beautiful, excellent...)

2) size (large, small...)

3) age (new, old...)

5) origin (Italian, German...)

6) the material from which it is made (metal, leather...)

7) what is it intended for (office, computer...)

For example:

If the sentence contains the words:

Showing the frequency of the action (often, never, sometimes, always…)

Then these words must be placed before the semantic verb or after the verb to be or, in the case of a compound verb, after the first verb. For example:

He often goes to the gym.
He often goes to the gym.

He is often tired after work.
He is often tired after work(be tired - to be tired)

You must never do it again.
You will never do this again.

general characteristics

size data

age parameters

manufacturer/origin

material

essence

telial

I talked about affirmative sentences. Everything is simple with them. But in order to speak English at least somehow, you need to be able to construct negative statements and ask questions. In a negative English sentence, the word order is almost the same, but the questions are constructed according to a slightly different pattern.

Here's a picture that shows all three types of sentences: