The 100 best medicines from proven remedies are still not outdated and help better than others. Some drugs also have serious side effects that patients should be aware of. All this will help you stay healthy. But doctors warn: don't self-medicate.
COLD
1. Arbidol - increases the antiviral activity of all body systems.
2. Ibuprone - a strong pain reliever, quickly acting, in the form of effervescent tablets spares the stomach, and in candles it is convenient for babies.
3. Coldrex is an excellent vasoconstrictor drug. It works quickly because it is dissolved in hot water.
4. Nazol - relieves a runny nose and does not allow the nasal mucosa to dry out, lasts 12 hours.
5. Nurofen is an ambulance that works quickly. There are suppositories for babies, but it greatly impairs the quality of the blood.
6. Paracetamol (Panadol, Efferalgan) - excellent antipyretic, indispensable for asthmatics.
7. Polyoxidonium - stimulates the immune system, is prescribed for children, is suitable for emergency care and for prophylaxis during an SARS epidemic.
8. Ribomunil - restores immunity, is recommended for children as the most effective remedy.
9. Sanorin - the fastest remedy for the common cold with antiallergic components.
10. Flucol-B is a cheap and effective drug, but it contains 8% alcohol and is contraindicated for drivers.
LIVER
1. Antral is a domestic original drug, it has no analogues in the world, it protects liver cells from any microbial aggression.
2. Galstena - drops, an irreplaceable medicine for small children.
3. Lyoliv - improves the condition of the liver with jaundice (lowered bilirubin).
4. Lipoferon - the drug is taken by mouth, it is 5 times cheaper than injectable interferons!
5. Potassium Orotate - improves liver function, protein synthesis, general metabolism.
6. Silymarin is a hexal. Herbal preparation. It contains much more active ingredient than its counterparts: karsil, silibor, hepabene.
7. Cholenzyme is an inexpensive choleretic drug that helps digestion of food, improves the production of enzymes.
8. Holiver is a choleretic herbal preparation.
9. Hepel is a homeopathic German remedy without side effects.
10. ESsentiale - for 20 years there is no more effective drug for the treatment of the liver.
STOMACH
1. Altan is a herbal preparation of domestic production, indispensable for peptic ulcer disease.
2. Acidin-pepsin. The drug increases the acidity in the stomach.
3. Gastritol - drops of plant origin, good for babies.
4. Motilium - normalizes gastric motility, improves the movement of food through the stomach.
5. Sea buckthorn oil - reduces inflammation in the stomach.
6. Pariet - from the latest generation of drugs that are good at reducing acidity in the stomach.
7. Pilobact - the newest remedy for Helicobacter.
8. Renorm is a domestic phytoconcentrate with a strong anti-inflammatory effect, normalizes digestion.
9. Riabal - relieves stomach cramps well, it is prescribed for children. Available in syrup and drops.
10. Phosphalugel - a gel that relieves attacks of heartburn well, is less toxic than its counterparts.
EYES
1. Zovirax - eye ointment, indispensable for conjunctivitis of a viral nature.
2. Quinax is the best prophylactic agent for cataracts.
3. Korneregel - a gel that well restores the tear film on the cornea of the eye.
4. Xalakom - it combines two drugs Xalatan and Timalol. They reinforce each other's action.
5. Xalatan (Travatan) - effective for glaucoma, you can drip once a day.
6. Systane - artificial tear, advantage - you can drip once a day.
7. Uniklofen is a good non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug in drops.
8. Floxal - drops, antibiotic, acts on a wide range of microorganisms.
9. Floxal ointment - indispensable for bacterial conjunctivitis.
10. Cycloxane - a strong antibiotic in drops, a panacea for acute conjunctivitis.
EARS
1. Amoxicillin is an antibiotic that actively fights against the main pathogens that cause ENT diseases.
2.clavicillin-Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid. In addition to microorganisms sensitive to amoxicillin, the drug also actively acts on some types of bacteria.
3. Otofa - ear drops, antibiotic is used for inflammatory diseases of the middle ear.
4. Otipax is a combined topical preparation with a pronounced analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. The combination of phenazone and lidocaine in it reduces the time of the onset of the anesthetic effect.
5. Nimesulide - has both analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects.
6. Noxprey - when administered through the nasal cavity, it causes narrowing of the mucous membrane, reduces its edema, as well as swelling around the mouths of the Eustachian tubes, improves drainage in Eustachitis and otitis media.
7. Ciprofloxacin is an effective local remedy for otitis media, has anti-inflammatory, antipruritic and vasoconstrictor effect, reduces edema.
8. Cefaclor, cefixime, cefpodoxime, cefprozil, cefuroxime are second and third generation cephalosporins. They are prescribed to those who are not affected by ampicillin.
9. Edas-125 tonsillin - homeopathic drops, are prescribed for children from 2 years old with otitis media, adenoids, chronic tonsillitis with water or on a piece of sugar.
10. Erythromycin - prescribed for those who are allergic to drugs of the penicillin series.
NERVES
1. Venlaxor is an antidepressant with practically no side effects, it quickly removes from severe depression.
2. Busperon is a strong anti-anxiety agent, does not create the effect of inhibition. Can be applied to drivers and students before the exam.
3. Gidazepam is a mild sleeping pill that does not affect the driver's response. But you can get used to it - you can't drink for more than a month!
4. Zyprexa - has no serious side effects, provides immediate assistance.
5. Imovan (sonap, somnol, sonavan) - the most modern sleeping pills.
6. Paxil - antidepressant well eliminates panic, fear, obsessive states (phobias), helps with anorexia, and also sideways lengthens the course of sexual intercourse.
7. Pramestar - improves memory in general and makes it easier to memorize information.
8. Rispolept - lasts a long time, convenient - dissolves in the mouth like candy.
9. Sulpiride (eglanil) - simultaneously heals the nerves and stomach. Another plus: I drank today - today is the result.
10. Finlepsin - heals cramps and neuritis, and also stabilizes mood.
Kidney
1. Aksef is an antibiotic, convenient in that it can be taken as pills, or it can be injected. It is sold individually, complete with a solvent.
2. Blemaren is the most effective kidney stone dissolver.
3. Kanefron is a herbal preparation without side effects.
4. Movalis - suppositories, a non-hormonal anti-inflammatory agent that does not irritate the rectal mucosa.
5. Nephrophyte is a combined herbal remedy with anti-inflammatory and diuretic action. Without side effects, it is prescribed for children from 5 years of age and for pregnant women.
6. Ofloxin - not aggressive to the stomach, rarely causes allergies.
7. Urosept - suppositories, act only on the urinary system.
8. Urolesan is a herbal preparation that removes sand from the kidneys well, often prescribed to children. Available in syrup.
9. Flemoklav solutab - a wide range of antimicrobial action, recommended for weakened patients.
10. Ceftriaxone is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with a minimum of side effects; it is approved for use even by pregnant women.
PROSTATE
1. Azitrox - antibiotic, convenient - one tablet per week.
2. Gatifloxacin is the newest, fast-acting antibiotic.
3. Zoxon - gives a minimum of side effects, convenient - one tablet at night.
4. Penisten - reduces the volume of the prostate, reduces the risk of developing prostate cancer.
5. Prostamol UNO is a herbal preparation without side effects.
6. Prostatilen (Vitaprost) - extract from the prostate gland of cattle, biostimulant.
7. Proteflazid - herbal immunostimulant, effective for prostatitis.
8. Fokusin - does not lower blood pressure.
9. Funid is the latest generation antifungal drug.
10. Unidox solutab is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that penetrates well into the tissue of the prostate gland.
JOINTS
1. Aspirin is indispensable for gout.
2. Alflutop - improves blood metabolism and activates metabolic processes in muscles.
3. Don - strengthens the cartilage tissue.
4. Dicloberl is a non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drug. It is used in candles, but injections can also be given.
5. Diclofen - fewer other side effects.
6. Diclofenac - effective, but affects the condition of the blood.
7. Ketanov is an effective injection drug.
8. Olfen - it is convenient that there is in the candles, the gastric mucosa does not suffer.
9. Osteogenon is an effective hondoprotector, relieves joints from laxity.
10. Retabolil - improves peripheral circulation.
THROAT
1. Anaferon is a good homeopathic remedy for the treatment of viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.
2. Kolustan - aerosol, well relieves swelling in case of inflammation.
3. Lugol, dissolved in glycerin - the best external remedy for laryngitis.
4. Proposol-N - has pronounced antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, does not irritate the body.
5. Sinupret - has antibacterial and anti-edematous action, can be prescribed to children - is in the form of drops.
6. Tonsilgon - anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent, helps to reduce swelling of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract.
7. Tonsilotren - increases the activity of the mucous membrane.
8. Flemoxin solutab is an effective fast-dissolving antibiotic for purulent sore throat, used both internally and for rinsing.
9. Faringosept is an antiseptic that tastes good (dissolves in the mouth). Does not affect the intestinal microflora.
10. Falimint - a means with a cooling effect for the treatment of diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx. Indispensable on the eve of operations, during dental prosthetics and for lecturers.
Attention! The effect of these medications depends on concomitant medications and other nuances of treatment.
Doctors warn: under no circumstances can you be treated without consulting a doctor!
BE HEALTHY!
Recipe is a written instruction from a doctor to a pharmacist about dispensing or preparing medicines for a patient with instructions for their use. A prescription is a legal document that only a doctor can write.
The recipe is filled in according to a certain scheme using special characters in Latin. The prescription must contain the name of the patient, the signature of the doctor, and the date of filling the prescription. In addition, the recipe must contain the following information:
Medical institution stamp;
An indication of whether the recipe is for children or adults;
The date of the recipe (year, month and day);
Surname and initials of the patient, his age (indicated before 18 and after 60 years);
Surname and initials of the doctor;
The main part of the prescription is an indication of the medicinal substances prescribed to the patient (in the genitive case), as well as the amount of the drug;
Instructing the patient about the order of taking the medicine (amount, frequency of taking, connection with food intake, etc.);
Doctor's signature;
Personal seal of the doctor. If necessary, the name of the medicine can be abbreviated, but the meaning of the written text must be preserved.
Prescriptions consisting of one medicinal substance are called simple, of two or more substances - complex... In complex recipes, the following order of drug recording is used: 1) the main drug; 2) auxiliary agents (enhancing or weakening the effect of the main drug), substances that improve the taste or smell of the drug or reduce its irritating properties (correcting); 3) form-forming substances (drugs that give the medicine a certain consistency).
Doses of drugs. For the correct action of drugs, they must be used in an adequate dose. A dose is the amount of a drug that is introduced into the body and has a specific effect on it. The strength of the drug is determined by the dose and the procedure for taking it.
According to the mode of action, the dose can be minimal, therapeutic, toxic and lethal. Minimum effective(threshold) dose- This is the minimum possible amount of medicine that can have a therapeutic effect. Therapeutic dose- This is the amount of a drug that exceeds the minimum effective dose, which gives an optimal therapeutic effect and does not have a negative effect on the human body. Most often used in medical practice average therapeutic dose, which in most cases gives an optimal therapeutic effect without pathological effects.
Minimum toxic dose- This is the smallest amount of drugs that can cause a toxic effect on the body. Minimum lethal(lethal) dose is the amount of a drug that can be fatal.
According to the amount of application, the dose can be one-time (single) and daily. For poisonous and potent substances, indicate the maximum single and daily doses for adults and children in accordance with the patient's age. In case of an overdose of substances or when replacing one drug with another, poisoning may occur.
For a unit of weight in the recipe, 1 g - 1.0 is taken; per unit volume - 1 ml. When taking medications, it is important to consider that in 1 tbsp. l. contains 15 g of water, 1 tsp. - 5 g; in 1 g of water - 20 drops; in 1 g of alcohol - 47-65 drops.
Dosage forms. Medicines are used in various dosage forms. The main dosage forms include: tablets, dragees, powders, suppositories, medicines, etc.
Dosage forms can be solid, liquid, soft.
1. Solid dosage forms include powders, tablets, pills, dragees, granules, and fees.
Powders are called free-flowing solid dosage forms for internal and external use. Powders are simple (consisting of one substance) and complex (consisting of several ingredients), divided into separate doses and not divided. According to the quality of grinding, powders are differentiated into large (requiring dissolution), small (applied inside) and minute (for powders).
Undivided powders are suitable for external use (dusting) and are prescribed in an amount of 5 to 100 g. Their use is applied to wounds and mucous membranes. These powders do not irritate body tissues and have a large adsorbent surface. When using such powders as powders, decorating agents are added to them - starch, talc, white clay, etc.
Inside take powders divided or dosed, undivided or not dosed. Non-toxic substances are prescribed undivided, which the patient can dose himself as directed by the doctor (laxative salts, magnesium oxide, etc.).
Powders for internal use are most often split and dispensed in paper capsules. Sugar is usually used as a decorating agent.
Volatile and hygroscopic powders are usually found in waxed or waxed paper capsules, as indicated in the recipe.
Capsules are called special shells of dosed powdery, granular, pasty or liquid medicinal substances intended for internal use. They resort to capsules if the drugs have an unpleasant taste (chloramphenicol, etc.), an irritating effect on the mucous membranes of the esophagus (aminophylline, etc.) or an unpleasant odor. Capsules can be gelatinous and starchy.
Pills- a solid dosage form obtained by pressing certain medicines. The advantages of the tablets are ease of administration, dosage accuracy, relatively long shelf life and low cost.
Tablets for external use must be dissolved beforehand. Tablets containing poisonous substances are stained so that they can be easily distinguished from other tablets (for example, tablets containing mercuric chloride are colored red). There may be tablets for subcutaneous implantation and for the preparation of sterile solutions. They are prepared aseptically and contain no fillers.
Tablets can be multi-layered: one layer is absorbed quickly after administration, and the other slowly, as a result of which the required effect of the drug is achieved. To mask the taste of the tablets and to protect their contents from various external influences, the tablets are coated with shells.
Dragee Is a solid dosage form for internal use, obtained as a result of multiple layering of medicinal and auxiliary substances on sugar granules. This dosage form is easy to swallow and in the way of administration is similar to tablets. In the form of pills, pharmaceutical factories produce chlorpromazine, diazolin, dicolin, etc.
Medicinal fees it is customary to call a mixture of several types of crushed or whole herbal medicinal raw materials, sometimes with an admixture of salts and other additives. This form is used for external and internal use. Medicinal preparations are produced in bags, boxes, flasks of 50-200 g. Rinses and lotions are prepared from medicinal preparations by brewing with boiling water and infusion, infusions for internal use (choleretic tea); do inhalations, burning medicinal charges and inhaling smoke during an asthma attack (anti-asthma collection), etc.
2. Liquid dosage forms include solutions, infusions, decoctions, tinctures, liquid extracts, mucus, emulsions and potions.
Solution is called a transparent dosage form consisting of medicinal substances completely dissolved in a solvent. Distilled water, alcohol, oil, isotonic sodium chloride solution, glycerin and other liquids are used as a solvent. Solutions are widely used for injection.
There are solutions for internal and external use. Solutions for internal use are dosed with tablespoons, dessert, teaspoons and drops.
Drops- one of the varieties of solutions. Drops of different solutions have different volume and mass, depending on the physical properties of the drops (density, surface tension, viscosity), the outer and inner diameters of the pipette outlet, air temperature, etc. have a certain effect on tissue (astringent, cauterizing, anesthetic, antibacterial or other types of action). The dose of the drug is not taken into account, since solutions for external use are practically not absorbed into the blood.
Drops are dosed in the calculation that 1 ml of distilled water contains 20 drops, and 1 g of 90% alcohol - 60 drops. When dispensing, the concentration of the solution is reflected in weight-volume units: the amount of the solute in weight units (g), and the amount of the solution in volume units (ml).
Among the drops for external use, there are eye drops (prepared under aseptic conditions), ear, nasal and dental drops.
When preparing medicines, it is mandatory to comply with the rules of asepsis (taking care of the cleanliness of the room, air, disinfecting dishes, instruments, etc.). When using solutions as injections, they must be sterilized. Sterilization- this is the protection of medicinal substances, utensils, auxiliary materials, instruments and apparatus from viable microbes and spores. Sterilization of solutions is carried out by several methods:
Autoclaving - bringing to a temperature of 110 ° C and a pressure of 1.5 atmospheres for 60 minutes or to 120 ° C and a pressure of 2 atmospheres for 15–20 minutes. This method is used for thermostable drugs. Heating with flowing steam is also used (at 100 ° C for 30–60 min);
Tyndalization - heating up to 60-65 ° C for five days for 1 hour daily or up to 70-80 ° C for three days for 1 hour a day. In the intervals between heating, the solutions are stored in a thermostat at 37–25 ° C. This method is used for thermolabile drugs;
Bacterial filtration - carried out under aseptic conditions in special boxes (rooms);
The addition of an antiseptic (phenol, tricresol, etc.) is used if the drug cannot withstand tyndalization, and its aseptic preparation is impossible.
For long-term storage of solutions for injections, stabilizers are added to them - substances that increase the safety of drugs (solution of hydrochloric acid, sodium bicarbonate, etc.). The main forms of dispensing solutions for injections are ampoules and vials.
The use of injections has several advantages. First of all, they include a quick and strong effect of the drug, since it does not enter the gastrointestinal tract and liver and is not subject to the destructive action of enzymes. Injections can be used if the victim is unconscious. In addition, this method allows you to make the dosage of drugs as accurate as possible.
In ampoules, drugs are produced for relieving pain (morphine, omnopon, promedol), increasing blood pressure (adrenaline, etc.), improving breathing (cititon, lubelin), removing arousal (chlorpromazine, scopolamine, etc.). Sometimes ampoules or vials contain the substance in a dry form, and solutions are prepared before use, since they are unstable (novarsenol, penicillin, etc.).
Aqueous (infusions, decoctions) and alcohol (tinctures, extracts) extracts are prepared from herbal medicinal raw materials. Aqueous extracts from plant materials, intended for internal and external use, are called infusions and decoctions. For their dosage, tablespoons are used.
Infusion - it is an extract from plants. Infusions are prepared from dried, most often loose, parts of plants (leaves, flowers, herbs). To prepare the infusion, parts of the plants must be crushed, filled with water and heated in a water bath for 15 minutes, cooled for 45 minutes and filtered.
Decoction is called water extraction from dense parts of plants (bark, roots, rhizomes, etc.). The broth for cooking is heated for 30 minutes, then cooled for 10 minutes and filtered hot.
Prescribe infusions and decoctions for no more than three days.
Tinctures are called alcohol-water or alcohol-ether extracts from plants, liquid extracts- concentrated extract from plant materials. Tinctures and extracts are dosed in drops. Extracts can be liquid, solid and thick, therefore, when prescribing them, the consistency must be indicated. These dosage forms can be stored for years.
Potions are called liquid dosage forms for internal and external use, which are a mixture of certain medicinal substances dissolved in water or suspended in it. The mixture is dosed in spoons. When using mixtures, it is important to take into account the conditions of incompatibility of some drugs (for example, salicylic sodium, together with an acidic syrup, will give a white precipitate).
3. Among soft dosage forms ointments, liniments, pastes, suppositories, plasters can be distinguished.
Ointment is a dosage form used externally. The composition of the ointment includes a base and active ingredients, evenly distributed in it. The ointment base is animal fats, hydrogenated fats, petroleum jelly, lanolin, yellow wax, white wax, etc.
Petroleum jelly is the cheapest and most non-perishable ointment base produced from petroleum. The ointment base can be polymers (polyethylene oxides). Distinguish between liquid, buttery and solid polymers. Polymers are soluble in water, stable during storage, do not irritate the skin, are an aggressive medium for most microorganisms, and are chemically and biologically indifferent.
Liniment(liquid ointment) is a dosage form for external use, which has the consistency of a thick liquid or jelly-like mass, melting at body temperature. This dosage form is used for rubbing or rubbing into the skin. The basis for liniment is vegetable (sunflower, olive, peach, linseed, etc.) oils, cod fat, glycerin, etc.
Pastes- These are ointments, which contain powdery substances (about 25%), which are made by mixing powdery ingredients with a molten base. If there is little powdery drug substance, then to create a thick consistency, indifferent powders are added to the paste: starch, talc, etc. Pastes have a thick consistency, stay on the affected surface longer, have adsorbing and drying properties, which compares favorably with ointments.
Band-aids they call the dosage form for external use, they are made in pharmaceutical factories. The patches stick to the skin at body temperature. This property of plasters is used to secure dressings, bring wound edges closer and prevent external exposure to affected and unprotected skin areas.
Liquid plasters(skin adhesives) are liquids that leave a film after the solvent has evaporated. This type of patch includes a medicinal substance and a base (fatty acid salts, fats, wax, paraffin, resins, etc.). The patches come in a variety of widths and lengths.
Suppositories are dosage forms that are solid under normal conditions and melting or dissolving at body temperature. Suppositories are used for administration into cavities (rectum, vagina, urethra, fistulous passages, etc.) for local action on the mucous membrane.
Suppositories are produced in various forms: rectal, vaginal and sticks. For the design of suppositories, substances are used that have a solid consistency at room temperature and melt at body temperature, do not have irritating properties, are poorly absorbed through mucous membranes (for example, cocoa butter and substitute products: vegetable, animal and hydrogenated fats, alloys of hydrogenated fats with wax , spermaceti, as well as various mixtures).
Rectal suppositories are made in the form of a cone or cylinder with a pointed end, inserted into the rectum and prepared with a mass of 1.1 to 4 g. Vaginal suppositories are spherical, ovoid or flat; inserted into the vagina; their weight is from 1.5 to 6 g. The sticks have the shape of a cylinder with a pointed end, intended for introduction into the canals (urethra, cervix, fistulas, wound passages).
Suppositories can be used not only for local, but also for general action. The general effect of suppositories is due to their absorption into the bloodstream when in contact with mucous membranes. For a general effect, rectal suppositories are prescribed for diseases of the stomach, esophagus, liver, with the unconscious state of the patient, the introduction of unpleasant substances that cause vomiting, that is, in cases where it is impossible to obtain an effect when the drug is administered orally.
In the form of vaginal suppositories, substances are used mainly of local action - disinfectants, anti-inflammatory, anesthetics, etc. They are prescribed either with an indication of a single dosage of all ingredients, or with an indication of the dose for the entire number of suppositories, that is, a single dose is multiplied by the number of prescribed suppositories.
Under what conditions can you get a medicine that is not included in the standards, preferential lists and by trade names
The provision of drugs in a hospital is subject to the availability of the drug in the medical standard and in the list of vital and essential drugs of the Russian Federation,
(see article 37 of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011 N 323-FZ "On the Fundamentals of Health Protection of Citizens in the Russian Federation" and Section II "Types, Conditions and Forms of Medical Assistance" of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 22, 2012 N 1074 "On the program of state guarantees for free provision of medical care to citizens for 2013 and for the planned period of 2014 and 2015." The requirement on the part of doctors to pay for treatment is illegal.
For outpatient treatment, prescription drugs are provided to privileged categories of citizens subject to their availability in the preferential list of drugs (clause 34 of the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of December 20, 2012 N 1175n).
The list of drugs under the INN for federal benefit recipients is contained in the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of September 18, 2006 N 665. The list of drugs under the INN for regional benefit recipients (cancer patients without disabilities) is contained in the Appendix to the Territorial Program of State Guarantees of Free Medical Provision to Citizens help on the territory of the region.
So, medicines included in the standard of treatment, in the preferential list and under international names are provided free of charge.
However, it is possible to obtain a medicine that is not included in the standard of treatment, if the international name of the medicine is not on the privileged list and by the trade name.
Obtaining a drug outside the standard of care or by trade name
You can get a medicine that is not included in the standard of treatment, including by trade name: in case of medical indications (individual intolerance, for health reasons) by decision of the medical commission of a medical organization (paragraph 5 of Article 37 of Federal Law No. 323-FZ, clause 4.7. Of the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of May 5, 2012 N 502n).
The decision of the medical commission of a medical organization on the presence of medical indications must be recorded in the patient's medical documents and the medical commission journal (clause 3 of the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of December 20, 2012 N 1175n).
An extract from the protocol of the decision of the medical commission on the prescription of the drug is issued to the patient or his legal representative on the basis of a written application.
(Clause 18 of the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of May 5, 2012 N 502n).
If the standards of medical care for the treatment of a patient's disease are not approved at all in the prescribed manner, then the medicine can also be obtained by the decision of the medical commission of the medical institution with the entry of the fact of prescribing the medicine in the patient's medical documentation and the VK journal.
Getting a drug that is not on the Benefit List
It is also possible for a disabled person to receive a medicine for medical reasons, in the absence of its international name in the preferential list of the Order of the Ministry of Social Health of the Russian Federation of September 18, 2006 N 665, in the event of: insufficient pharmacotherapy in the treatment of certain diseases for vital indications and in case of a threat to the life and health of the patient according to the decision of the medical commission, approved by the chief physician of the medical institution. (Clause 6 of Appendix No. 1 to the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of November 22, 2004 No. 255). Note: instead of the order of 02.12.2004 N 296, the order of the Ministry of Social Health of the Russian Federation of September 18, 2006 N 665 is in effect).
In the absence of an international drug name in the preferential regional list, a medicine can be provided for medical reasons to a cancer patient without a disability group (category of regional beneficiaries) in the manner prescribed by the orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, i.e. by the decision of the medical commission. (These provisions should be contained in the territorial program of state guarantees for the free provision of medical care to citizens in the region or in the Appendix to it).
The list of regional beneficiaries is specified in the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 30, 1994 N 890.
Medicines that are not included in the standard and the Schedules can be considered medicines under their trade names.
Medical Commission
The powers of the medical commission are specified in the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of May 5, 2012 N 502n "On approval of the procedure for the creation and operation of the medical commission of a medical organization."
Medical Commission:
1.makes a decision on the prescription of drugs in the presence of medical indications (individual intolerance, for health reasons):
- not included in the appropriate standard of medical care;
-by trade names (clause 4.7).
2.Send messages to the Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare about detected cases of side effects not specified in the instructions for use of the medicinal product, serious adverse reactions and unforeseen adverse reactions when using medicinal products, including those that served as the basis for prescribing medicinal products in accordance with Subclause 4.7. of this Procedure (clause 4.8.).
To obtain a medicine that is not included in the standard of treatment, by trade name, in the absence of the international name of the medicine in the preferential list, you must contact the chairman of the medical commission of the medical institution for an appointment on the medical commission for the above "medical indications" of the drug, attaching written recommendations of doctors specialists or an extract from the decision of the council.
Meetings of the medical commission are held at least once a week on the basis of approved schedules. If necessary, by the decision of the head of the medical organization, unscheduled meetings of the medical commission can be held (Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of May 5, 2012 N 502n), so there should be no problems with convening the medical commission.
The decision to prescribe the medicine is entered by the secretary of the medical commission in the patient's medical documentation, as well as in a special register (clause 17 of the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development No. 502n). The decision of the commission is drawn up in a protocol.
It is allowed to issue an extract from the protocol of the medical commission in the hands of the patient or his legal representative in the event of their written application.
Clause 18 of the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of December 20, 2012 N 1175n "The procedure for registration of prescription forms for medicinal products, their accounting and storage" provides that when a drug is discharged by the decision of the medical commission on the back of the prescription form form N 148-1 / u- 04 (l) and form N 148-1 / y-06 (l), a special mark (stamp) is placed.
Since the said Procedure does not establish what kind of “special mark” should be, such a mark can be placed in any form, for example, “By the decision of the medical commission” and must be certified by the seal of the medical organization “For prescriptions”.
It is necessary to require such a mark on the prescription so that the pharmacy does not replace the medicine by trade name with its analogue under the INN.
Individual intolerance
Individual intolerance is one of the conditions for obtaining a medicine under a trade name. Individual drug intolerance manifests itself in exceptional cases when complications may occur when taking the drug that are not listed in the Instructions in the list of acceptable ones. Of all the possible forms of intolerance, idiosyncrasy and various types of allergic reactions are the most common. Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, reactions from the cardiovascular system, and bronchial asthma are also observed. The most dangerous manifestations of individual intolerance are anaphylactic shock, Lyell's syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis.
Individual intolerance can be confirmed in the hospital and at home. To confirm individual intolerance to the medicine, you can call a doctor or an ambulance to your home. The fact of individual intolerance to the drug (for example, zoledronic acid) persisting for several injections must be recorded in the patient's medical record, associated with the use of the drug under the INN and confirmed by the decision of the medical commission of the medical institution (in the hospital or in the clinic).
The doctor must send information about drug intolerance to the territorial Roszdravnadzor authorities by filling in the "Notice of side effects, adverse reactions or absence of the expected therapeutic effect of the drug", which must be required. The performance of this action is the responsibility of the commission on the basis of clause 4.8. Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of May 5, 2012 N 502n.
On the part of doctors of federal Centers and research institutes, there are written cases of recommending drugs to patients that are not included in the standard, preferential list or by trade name, and patients demand to provide them with the recommended drug from their healthcare facility. However, the provision of the medication must be preceded by certain actions.
If an advisory opinion in another healthcare facility (research institute, federal center) recommends a drug that is not included in the standard of treatment or a preferential list, by trade name, it is necessary to confirm its appointment at a consultation of doctors of a specialized medical institution (as a rule, a territorial oncological dispensary), since anticancer drugs are prescribed at a council of doctors - oncologists and radiologists (clause 18 of the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of November 15, 2012 N 915n). The recommendation of the medicine at the council of doctors of the Research Institute or the Federal Center is not excluded. The decision of the council must be formalized in a protocol and have the signatures of the members of the council. The consultation of doctors is convened on the initiative of the attending physician in a medical organization or outside a medical organization, including a remote consultation of doctors. (Part 2, Article 70 of the Federal Law of November 21, 2011 N 323-FZ).
The patient should contact the attending oncologist of a specialized healthcare facility - with a request to convene a consultation to prescribe the recommended medication.
Further, the appointment of the drug at the consultation should be confirmed by the medical commission of the medical institution, because according to the "law", it is her decision that is the condition for the provision of the said drugs. Where such a commission is formed, the patient should clarify, since sometimes medical commissions for the appointment of expensive anticancer drugs exist under the Regional Ministry of Health.
When contacting healthcare professionals, you can refer to the above regulations.
If a drug that is not included in the standard, preferential list or by trade name is nevertheless prescribed
If the drug is prescribed, it will be delivered from the warehouse of an authorized pharmaceutical company to a subsidized pharmacy or provided in a hospital. If there is no medicine in stock, it will need to be purchased. Unfortunately, the regional Ministries of Health, whose powers include preferential procurement of medicines, are in no hurry to purchase them or have been carrying out the procurement procedure for several months. However, the terms of purchase, if desired, can be short and amount to 1 month.
Procurement under the law _________________
……………………………………..
Terms of purchase of medicines for vital indications by decision of the medical commission
The timing of the procurement of drugs for the patient in the presence of medical indications is specified in Art. 83 of the Federal Law of April 5, 2013 N 44-FZ "On the contract system in the procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs."
This is procurement by conducting a request for proposals. Before the request for proposals (when purchasing drugs for a patient, the need for which is recognized by the medical commission and recorded in the relevant medical documents), first of all, such drugs are purchased by concluding a contract with a single supplier for up to 200 thousand rubles. in sufficient quantity for the period of the request for proposals. Thus, first, the minimum required amount of drugs is purchased by entering into a contract with a single supplier, and then by conducting a request for proposals. Moreover, the notice of the start of the second procedure must be posted in accordance with the established procedure no later than the next working day from the moment of the conclusion of the first contract.
During the period of the second procedure (request for proposals), the contract with the drug supplier must be signed no later than twenty days from the date of signing the final protocol. The decision of the medical commission on the procurement of medicines for a particular patient is included in the register of contracts simultaneously with the contract.
The volume of drugs purchased in this case should not exceed that which is required by the patient during the period of treatment.
Moscow region
Prescription of drugs that are not included in the preferential lists in the Moscow region has some peculiarities specified in the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region of February 18, 2008 N 62 "On the procedure for drug provision at the expense of the budget of the Moscow region of certain categories of citizens entitled to receive social measures. support "
IV. Organization of drug supply for certain categories of citizens by decision of the Control and Expert Commission for Additional Drug Supply under the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region
1. The Control and Expert Commission for Supplementary Drug Provision under the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region conducts an expert assessment of the validity of prescribing medicines to certain categories of citizens, including those recommended in regional treatment and prophylactic institutions and research institutes, in accordance with the standards for the provision of medical care for outpatient treatment.
3. The decision of the Control and Expert Commission is made on the basis of the medical documentation submitted by the health management bodies of municipalities:
- a photocopy of the recommendations of specialists from federal or regional specialized medical institutions;
- an extract from the patient's outpatient card with the justification of the appointment;
- minutes of the meeting of the central medical commission of the health management body of the municipality;
- a summary sheet in the form determined by this Procedure, on paper and electronic media in Excel format.
4. Acceptance of documents for consideration at the meetings of the Control and Expert Commission is carried out 2 times a week in accordance with the schedule determined by the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region.
5. Meetings of the Control and Expert Commission are held at least once a month.
6. Based on the results of the meeting of the Control and Expert Commission, a protocol is drawn up and sent to the health management bodies of municipalities to form an application for medicines
8. Applications for medicines, formed on the basis of the decision of the Control and Expert Commission and approved by the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, are sent to the State Unitary Enterprise of the Moscow Region "Mosoblpharmacia" for the supply of medicines to pharmacy organizations .
V. Provision of certain categories of citizens referred to responsibility
Moscow region and the Russian Federation, medicines,
not included in the lists of medicines approved by the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region
2.1. Provision of certain categories of citizens attributed to the responsibility of the Moscow region and the Russian Federation with medicines, not included in the lists approved by the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, carried out in exceptional cases at the expense of the budget of the Moscow region by decision of the Control and Expert Commission.
2.2. The decision by the Control and Expert Commission is made on the basis of medical documentation submitted by the health management bodies of municipalities in accordance with paragraph 3 of Section IV of this Procedure.
2.3. The supply of medicines and medical products not included in the lists approved by the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region is carried out by the State Unitary Enterprise of the Moscow Region "Mosoblpharmacia" in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region (letters, instructions, orders).
Vi. Organization of providing certain categories of citizens with medicinal
means and medical products purchased centrally at the expense of the budget of the Moscow region
2. Medicines and medical products that are not on the List of Medicines are supplied by the State Unitary Enterprise MO "Mosoblfarmatsiya" to pharmacy organizations at on the basis of distribution plans to the Instructions of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region.
Medicines
Medicines (medicines, drugs)- substances or their combinations that come into contact with the human or animal body, penetrate the organs, tissues of the human or animal body, used for prophylaxis, diagnostics (except for substances or their combinations that are not in contact with the human or animal body), treatment of the disease, rehabilitation, for the preservation, prevention or termination of pregnancy and obtained from blood, blood plasma, organs, tissues of the human or animal body, plants, minerals by methods of synthesis or using biological technologies. Medicines include pharmaceutical substances and medicinal products.
Original medicinal product- a medicinal product containing a newly obtained pharmaceutical substance or a new combination of pharmaceutical substances, the efficacy and safety of which is confirmed by the results of preclinical studies of drugs and clinical trials of drugs
A source: Federal Law of the Russian Federation of April 12, 2010 N 61-FZ
Medicine, medicinal product, medication, medicine(novolat. praeparatum medicinale, praeparatum pharmaceuticum, medicamentum;) - a substance or a mixture of substances of synthetic or natural origin in the form of a dosage form (tablets, capsules, solution, ointment, etc.), used for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
Before being used in medical practice, medicinal products must undergo clinical trials and obtain permission for use.
Original medicines and generics
An original drug is a drug that was previously unknown and was first released on the market by a developer or patent holder. As a rule, the development and marketing of a new drug is a very expensive and time-consuming process. From a variety of known compounds, as well as newly synthesized, by the method of enumeration, on the basis of databases on their properties and computer modeling of the alleged biological activity, substances with the maximum target activity are identified and synthesized. After animal experiments, if positive, limited clinical trials are conducted in groups of volunteers. If the effectiveness is confirmed, and the side effects are insignificant, the drug goes into production, and on the basis of the results of additional tests, the possible features of the action are clarified, and undesirable effects are identified. Often, the most harmful side effects are found in clinical use. Currently, almost all new drugs are patented. The patent legislation of most countries provides for patent protection not only for the method of obtaining a new drug, but also for patent protection of the drug itself.
In the Russian Federation, the period of validity of a patent for an invention related to a medicinal product, the use of which requires obtaining a permit in accordance with the procedure established by law, is extended by the federal executive body for intellectual property at the request of the patent holder for a period calculated from the date of filing an application for an invention until the date of receipt of the first such authorization to use, minus five years. At the same time, the period for which the validity of a patent for an invention is extended may not exceed five years. After the expiration of the patent, other manufacturers may produce and release on the market a similar drug (the so-called generic) if the bioequivalence of the reproduced and original drugs is proved. At the same time, the technology for the production of a generic can be any, but not covered by the patent protection existing in the country. Of course, the generic manufacturer cannot use the brand name for this drug, but only the International Non-Patent Name (INN), or any new patented by him (synonym). Despite the new name, in terms of their medicinal effect, the drugs can be similar or very close.
Are original medicines and generics completely equivalent? From the point of view of chemistry, the active substance is the same. But the production technology is different, a different degree of purification is possible. There are other factors as well. For example, it is known that for a long time different companies could not achieve the same effectiveness of acetylsalicylic acid (for generics) as Bayer AG, the manufacturer of the original aspirin drug. It turned out that the matter is not only in the purity of raw materials, but also in a special method of crystallization, which results in special, smaller crystals of acetylsalicylic acid. There can be many such nuances. The opposite result is also possible, when the generic is more successful than the original drug.
Home doctor (reference)
Chapter XVII. MEDICINAL PRODUCTS AND THEIR APPLICATION
Section 4. COMPLICATIONS OF DRUG TREATMENT. HOME FIRST AID KIT
Many medicinal substances, while providing useful therapeutic effects, can simultaneously cause undesirable reactions, in some cases leading to severe complications and even death.
Complications due to drug overdose. The effect of drugs is largely determined by their dose. In medical practice, the so-called. average therapeutic dose. However, one should remember about the possibility of individual differences in the sensitivity of people to drugs, the need to take into account factors such as age, gender, body weight, condition of the gastrointestinal tract, blood circulation of the kidneys, liver, etc. An overdose is the result of the deliberate intake of a drug in a large dose for the purpose of suicide, negligence, if improperly stored in places accessible to children, if the doctor's recommendations are not followed (the number of tablets per dose, the number of doses per day).
Side effects associated with the pharmacological properties of drugs. A side effect is an unwanted but inevitable reaction of the body to a drug used in an acceptable way - i.e. average therapeutic dose. This is due to the very pharmacological properties of the drug: the irritating effect of drugs on the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, the occurrence of addiction (drug addiction), etc. For example, tricyclic antidepressants, in addition to their main effect on the mental status of the patient, cause dry mouth and double vision. And the well-known aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is capable of corroding the gastric mucosa, even before the formation of an ulcer. Pyramidon inhibits some hematopoietic functions. Teratogenic (disfiguring the fetus) effect of drugs can develop when taking antibiotics in the first half of pregnancy. In general, women should be particularly careful about drug use throughout their pregnancy. As a rule, side effects and contraindications are indicated in the instructions attached to the medicine.
Secondary effects caused by a violation of the immunobiological properties of the body. With the use of highly active antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents, the normal bacterial flora of the body is inhibited, which is necessary for the digestion process, which often leads to dysbiosis (see Chapter Internal Diseases). Long-term antibiotic therapy also reduces the body's defenses, provokes staphylococcal and other infections. So, tetracycline, helping against some diseases, at the same time opens the way for Candida fungi and the defeat of various types of candidiasis.
Prevention: reasonable use of antimicrobial agents - cyclic prescription for 7-10 days with intervals of 5-7 days, while taking nystatin or levorin. You should rinse your mouth with cold water with iodine (5% tincture of iodine, 5-10 drops per glass of water, rinse 5-6 times a day) to prevent the development of fungal infections of the oral mucosa.
Allergic reactions. Individual drug intolerance is detected soon after the start of treatment with the use of even very small doses, which can cause: itching, skin rashes, eczema, fever, joint pain, blood in the urine, serum sickness, anaphylactic shock, and damage to internal organs. Changes in the blood may occur: hemolysis, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia. There are cases of neuropsychiatric disorders with delusions, hallucinations, seizures. Possible disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, breathing, dizziness, chest pain. In addition to general allergic reactions, a local contact allergic reaction in the form of Quincke's edema may occur.
Treatment begins with discontinuation of the drug. With a moderate severity of the course, any antihistamines are prescribed: diphenhydramine, pipolfen, on the skin topically - Pernovin in the form of 5% ointment. At the same time, it is advisable to take: ephedrine, caffeine, calcium chloride. Duration of treatment is 3-4 days. In severe condition, the same drugs are used, but in the form of intramuscular injections. In this case, depending on the patient's condition, you can limit yourself to a single or double injection, and then prescribe oral administration, as indicated earlier. Antihistamines can be mixed in one syringe and injected into the muscle, and caffeine can be injected subcutaneously. Topically applied ointments - Sinalar, Lokakorten, hydrocortisone.
The risk of allergic reactions is increased in the elderly, women of childbearing age, in the presence of allergies in the past, impaired liver and kidney function. Anaphylactic drug shock may develop.
HOME FIRST AID KIT
There are frequent cases when immediate medical attention is required (trauma, burns, bleeding, injury, fainting, headache, etc.). For this, it is very important to always have a certain set of medicines and dressings on hand. It is also a good idea to keep some supplies of your most commonly used drugs at home.I. Anti-traumatic, wound-healing, antiseptic agents.
- Boric ointment, antiseptic.
- Brilliant green (brilliant green). It is applied externally in the form of a 1-2% solution, an antiseptic.
- Vishnevsky ointment, antiseptic for the treatment of wounds, ulcers, bedsores.
- Iodine tincture 5% alcohol, externally, antiseptic.
- Calendula tincture. Used for purulent wounds, burns, for rinsing the throat (1 teaspoon per glass of water).
- Potassium permanganate (permanganate), externally in aqueous solutions as an antiseptic. For washing wounds 0.1-0.5%, for rinsing the mouth and throat 0.01-0.1%, lubricating ulcerative and burn surfaces 2-5%.
- Lead lotion. For bruises, bruises for lotions and compresses.
- Streptocide liniment (or powder), topically for the treatment of wounds, purulent-inflammatory diseases of the skin, mucous membranes.
II. Cardiovascular drugs:
- Validol (tablets, capsules, solution). For pain in the region of the heart.
- Valocordin (Corvalol). It has a sedative and antispasmodic effect. In large doses, it is a mild sleeping pill. Applied for spasms of coronary vessels, palpitations, neuroses, insomnia, 15-30 drops before meals 2-3 times a day.
- I took the drops. With pain in the heart.
- Nitroglycerin. For acute pain in the region of the heart, 1 tablet under the tongue.
III. Soothing, antispastic, antiallergic agents:
- Ankylosing spondylitis. With neuroses and overexcitation.
- Valerian officinalis. Used as a sedative in the form of aqueous infusions, alcoholic tinctures, as part of a sedative collection, camphor-valerian drops.
- No-shpa. With spasms of smooth muscles (stomach, intestines), spastic constipation, attacks of gallstones and urolithiasis, take 1-2 tablets 2-3 times a day.
- Suprastin (or Tavegil). Used for allergic reactions, has a sedative effect. Take 1 tablet 2-3 times a day with meals.
- Calcium chloride. Used to suppress various types of allergic reactions, including allergic rhinitis, 50-100 ml of an aqueous solution 3-4 times a day. It should be borne in mind that calcium chloride increases blood clotting and can be used with increased bleeding, such as the nose.
IV. Means used for colds, flu, headaches and other pains:
- Amidopyrine (pyramidon) powder, tablets. It has analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. Applied for headache, joint pain, articular rheumatism 0.250.3 g 3-4 times a day.
- Analgin. By the nature of the action, it is close to amidopyrine. Applied for pain of various origins, fever, flu, rheumatism 0.25-0.5 g 3-4 times a day.
- Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). Has antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory effect (see Amidopyrine for application). Tablets 0.25-0.5 g 3-4 times a day after meals with milk.
- Galazolin (or naphthyzin, sanorin), nose drops. 1-2 drops in each nostril 1-3 times a day for a cold.
- Breast elixir. Used as an expectorant. 20-40 drops with water several times a day.
- Calceks. 1-2 tablets 3-4 times a day for colds.
- Ammonium-anise drops. It is taken with water inside 10-15 drops 3 times a day for bronchitis as an expectorant.
- Paracetamol, anti-inflammatory, pain reliever. 1 tablet 3 times a day for flu, colds.
- Pectusin, cough tablets. Keep in the mouth until completely absorbed.
- Pertussin, cough medicine. A tablespoon 3 times a day.
- Remantadine, a specific anti-influenza agent. 1-2 tablets 3-4 times a day for prevention, treatment.
- Thermopsis, cough tablets. 1-2 per reception 3-4 times a day.
- Furacilin, for rinsing with inflammation, sore throat. 1 tablet in a glass of warm water.
Gastrointestinal remedies
- Allohol. It has a choleretic effect, it is used for liver diseases. 1-2 tablets 3-4 times a day.
- Isafenin. Laxative. Inside, before meals 0.01-0.015 g 2 times a day or 2 tablets (0.02 g) once.
- Castor oil. Laxative. It is taken orally for 20-50 g.
- Cinquefoil root, broth, infusions. For gastrointestinal disorders.
- Peppermint tincture. Inside 15 drops per reception (with water) as a remedy against nausea and vomiting. It is also used for neuralgic pain.
- Sodium bicarbonate (drinking soda). Take 0.5-1 g several times a day with increased acidity of the stomach (heartburn).
- Purgen (phenolphthalein), laxative. 1 tablet 1-3 times a day.
- Sulgin. Used for disorders caused by E. coli or other infection. The course of treatment: 2 g per reception on the 1st day 6 times a day, then every day one less dose for 5-7 days.
- Sodium sulfate (Epsom salt). Laxative. 1-2 tablespoons per cup of warm water.
- Dill water. It is used to improve bowel function and gas discharge. A tablespoon 3-6 times a day.
- Activated carbon. Administered orally in case of poisoning, 20-30 g per reception in the form of a suspension in water. With increased acidity and flatulence, a dosage of 1-2 g in water 3-4 times a day is prescribed.
- Phthalazol. For disorders of the digestive tract (with intestinal infection), 1 g every 4 hours.
- Blueberries, bird cherry fruits. They are used as a fixative for diarrhea in the form of jelly.
Vi. Other medicines:
- Boric acid. Alcohol solution. Apply as an antiseptic in the form of ear drops 3-5 drops 2-3 times a day.
- Oak bark, water decoction 1:10 for rinsing with inflammation of the mouth, throat.
- Tannin, powder. They are also used for inflammatory processes. In the form of rinses, a 1-2% aqueous or glycerin solution. For lubrication with burns, cracks and bedsores 5-10% solution.
- Baby powder, for diaper rash, excessive sweating.
- Dental drops. 2-3 drops on a piece of cotton wool on a sore tooth.
- Vaseline oil for lubricating the tips of syringes and enemas, softening keratinized skin.
- Ointment for frostbite. For prevention, rub into open areas of the body.
- Camphor alcohol. It is used externally for rubbing and compresses.
- Salicylic alcohol. Used as an antiseptic (lubrication, rubbing, compress).
Antibiotics, sleeping pills, tranquilizers are used only as directed by a doctor.
A first-aid kit should contain: dressing materials - cotton wool, bandages, sterile gauze napkins, mustard plasters, a thermometer, waxed compress paper, a glass for taking medicine, an eye dropper, fingertips. In addition, you may need a heating pad, a rubber ice bladder, a syringe, and an Esmarch mug.
We remind you that medications should not be stored without labels. The first aid kit should be kept out of the reach of children.
When storing medicines at home, you must adhere to the instructions on them: "Store in a cool place at 12-15 ° C", "Keep in a dark place", "Keep away from fire".
Liquid products containing antibiotics, vitamins, glucose, syrup, infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs, eye drops should be kept in the refrigerator, avoiding freezing. These medicines should not be purchased for future use.
If cloudiness or flakes appear in eye drops and other clear liquids, you should stop using them and buy fresh ones from the pharmacy. Drops made on an alcohol basis are stored in hermetically sealed bottles, ointments - in well-sealed jars.
Powders, tablets, pills should be kept in a dry, dark place, and damp or discolored should not be taken. If the pills obtained from the pharmacy are used for a long time (more than a month), it is useful to test them for disintegration. To do this, one pill is placed in a glass of water (37 ° C), periodically shaking it, a usable pill should disintegrate.
Antibiotics (benzylpenicillin, chlortetracycline, tetracycline, streptomycin, etc.) are stored in a dry room at a temperature not lower than +1 and not higher than + 10 ° C. On many packages, you can see the release date of the medicine and the expiry date.
So, go through your home medicine cabinet from time to time. Remember, many outdated medications are of no use. Do not use medicines in which any changes in appearance have occurred during storage.
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