What does the analysis of the feces coprogram mean. What the copron shows: decoding the analysis, how to pass. Microscopic, chemical and macroscopic examination of carts

Assess the state of human health without conducting special medical research sometimes it is simply unrealistic. So, to diagnose the operation of the digestive system organs is possible with the help of kala analysis on coprology. A similar technique is considered one of the easiest and most effective, does not require a long time and does not cause any unpleasant sensations to patients. However, even such a simplest procedure has a number of features that should be told a little more.

What can Koprology tell about?

Calais analysis on coprology is a study, in medical circles is quite common. First of all, it is appointed to identify failures in the work of organs such as liver, pancreas and gallbladder, as well as with it, the entire digestive tract as a whole is estimated. The thing is that the feces are a final product of recycled food, its education is gradually, as food is moving at your esophagus.

Rules for preparation for the delivery of general analysis

How to pass the analysis of the feces? This question worries a rather large number of people, especially those who pass through this procedure for the first time. In fact, special training for such a study is practically not required, it is distinguished by significant simplicity. If the doctor did not express any special wishes, try to observe the most ordinary algorithm below:

for a few days, observe the basic diet, refuse meat and fish, colored vegetables, receiving special drugs;
do not pass coprology during menstruation;
be surely thoroughly wait before defecation, make sure that the urine does not fall into materials prepared for analysis;
refuse the use of aids (laxatives or enema), better postpone the collection of excrement for medical research on another day.

Now you know what restrictions and requirements must be observed to pass the feces for coprology. How to collect and where to place the benefits of biomaterials? Take advantage of a sterile cup from a pharmacy, it is equipped with a special spatula, which is convenient to separate the required amount of cartoons. By the way, for the analysis, there will be a single teaspoon of the substance received, a smaller amount will not fit, and more simply no need. The collected analysis is categorically not recommended to store, it affects the results of indicators, take it in the very near future (within a few hours). Before the container will be transferred to the laboratory, keep it in the refrigerator.

You can hand over the feces for coprology to the laboratory of the nearest polyclinic, and if necessary, in a private medical center. On average, the results are ready for the next day, however, in some cases, the study is carried out within 5-6 days. Materials are investigated both on general and special indicators.

Ideal indicators what they are?

The feces analysis on coprology will rather quickly allow a specialist to identify a number of serious diseases and pathologies in your body. Any deviations from the norm are a sign of the presence or origin of any definite ailment. So what exactly should the human excrement ideally be? As a rule, the following requirements are presented to them:

There are still a number of private indicators taken into account in the analysis. You can learn more about them with your attending physician or in the analysis form. Be sure to show the specialist's results of your survey, he will be able to comment on the data obtained, and if necessary, prescribes treatment.

The simplest symptoms of serious diseases (color)

Now you know how to hand over the feast analysis, however, diagnose certain health problems is possible without medical care. So, a lot means the color of excrement. The bright shade of them is evidence of the gall-eyed disease, and black - varicose foods of the esophagus. It should not be forgotten that food used on the eve can have a significant effect on the feces. Let's talk about such phenomena a little more:

white shade is evidence that your gall duct has been closed;
gray tone can mean difficulties in the work of the pancreas;
yellow color signals about the problems of the intestine;
red Color fixes inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract and colon.

Other simple symptoms (smell)

So, what else can Coprology tell you? Decoding analysis can be carried out even by such characteristics as the smell, you can evaluate it at home without special devices. For example, an overly strong stench for the most part is a symptom of changes in the normal operation of the pancreas. The smell of rotten foreshadows the change and disruption of digestive processes in the stomach. Weak ambit is also not the norm, it can be considered one of the symptoms of such a disease as colitis. Almost complete absence of odor is often noted during constipation, and similarity with oil acid can be explained by the problem in the thin intestinal department, the substances are poorly absorbed and quickly leave the digestive tract.

Decoding special indicators in adults and kids

Cabrology Cala in children in their indicators is often different from analyzes of adults, specialists necessarily take into account the age of the patient when deciphering data to study its excrement. Let's talk a little more about some indicators.

The absence of protein is considered the norm, its presence is a sign of ulcers, gastritis or cancer.
Hidden blood in feces should be absent, if it is presence, it is possible to diagnose internal bleeding, an ulcer, hemorrhoids.
Sterkobilin must be present in excrement in certain quantities, its decrease can be observed in hepatitis and other serious illnesses.
The presence of bilirubin is the norm only in early infancy (up to 3 months). Later he may be regarded as a sign of dysbiosis.
There is no mucus in a healthy fence, with its appearance, especially in significant quantities, with a high probability you can assume an inflammatory intestinal process.
Serious attention requires such an indicator as leukocytes. Normally, they are not completely, and their presence can be a sign of dysentery.
Unlike adults, neutral fat may be present in the feces of children feeding on breast milk. However, for persons hosting ordinary food, such an indicator serves as a signal of problems with the pancreas and violation of the selection of bile.
Dysenteric amoeba is a sign of the disease of the same name.
Calcium crystals in small quantities can be marked in a child's feces, but should not be present in adults.
Fatty acids should be absent in human excrement, regardless of its age. Their presence will bring a doctor to the idea of \u200b\u200bproblems with the release of bile, as well as dyspepsia.

Cala analysis for coprology to identify hidden blood

In addition to coprology, there are a number of analyzes of a narrower direction. So, in some cases, the doctor can send you to take the analysis of the feces on the blood. As a rule, its number is so little that cannot be markedly naked eye, but even in such quantities it can serve as a sign of a serious illness, and sometimes be a precursor threat to your life. How to donate feces for these purposes? Be extremely neat, similar studies are characterized by high sensitivity and may well give a false-positive result. It can happen even because of the fact that on the eve of the evening you fell too much meat. So that the specified misunderstanding does not happen, you will need to comply with the following recommendations:

What is dysbacteriosis and how to identify it?

Another commonly appointed study is a feces analysis on dysbacteriosis. This disease is caused by microorganisms and bacteria inhabiting our intestines, they form the right or irregular microflora. The tasks of a favorable environment may be reduced to the synthesis of vitamins, the improvement of digestion, the formation of immunity and protection against a variety of diseases. An analysis of the feces on dysbacteriosis is carried out in order to prevent the propagation of pathogenic bacteria leading to serious negative consequences:

violation of digestive processes (constipation and diarrhea on a chronic basis);
the appearance of skin defects (rash, allergies, urticissions);
a general deterioration of the state (nails break, hair shakes often appear acne);
anemia, non-blank blood and a lot.

There are no special requirements for the analysis of the analysis, you can contact the general standards and rules: a diet, thoroughly wave, putting materials into the laboratory on the same day.

Why do you need to know the intestinal group?

Children's coprology. Decoding analyzes

Such studies on a regular basis are carried out in children, even the smallest. Such preventive measures allow us to reveal and prevent possible diseases at the initial stage. The feast analysis of the baby must be collected from the diaper, and not from the diaper, only in this case you can minimize the impact of urine on excrement. To determine all the necessary indicators, you will need to assemble about two teaspoons. Remember, the final indicators will be determined by non-shared norms, but the age of the child and its power (breast milk, mixture, shared table). For familiarization, we give normal indicators for children up to one year.

Consistency: Cashevaya, unformed, reminiscent of lull or puree.
Color: from saturated yellow to light brown, is determined by the power.
Smell: not sharp, sour, not very pronounced.
Acidity: up to 7.5, with breastfeeding below, about 5.
Protein: Must be missing.
Hidden blood: must be absent.
Lump: In any quantity it can not be the norm.
Bilirubin: may occur in a minimal number.
Starch and fiber: do not have to meet.
Leukocytes: may be minimal.

The feces analysis of children and adults must be handed over to a regular basis. Similar simple preventive events will help you to identify and prevent serious illnesses. Remember, a study on coprology does not require the costs of a large amount of time, forces or means, but gives accurate and rapid results, focusing on which a specialist may decide on your timely treatment. Do not refuse prevention and professional methods of struggle, because you can save your health and life.

The coprogram is so also called the analysis of Cala, refers to the number of studies that help to diagnose the state of the human digestive system. The feces analysis allows at the initial stage to identify problems that can be not only with the digestive system organs, but with pancreas, river, bubble.

During the procedure, it is possible to determine the qualitative composition of the feces, which makes it possible to obtain accurate information about the state of the digestive system and especially the intestines.

What is the coprogram

Cal is the final food digestion product, which is formed in the process of passing through all the structures of the digestive tract. Thus, it contains complete information on the state of the digestive system.

The composition of Cala includes:

A huge number of bacteria. Normally, human feces consist of 75% of bacteria.
Unpained food residues are usually represented in the smallest proportions.
Slime.
Pigments that give to calila a specific color.
A small number of cells lining the intestines.

If the patient has a disease of the digestive organs, the coprogram shows the deviation from the norm of a certain component of the detergents, which can be judged by the problem and the place of its localization.

How to donate feces

So that the results of the coprogram were not simply informative, but also correctly, the patient must comply with certain rules for collecting a feces for analysis and training rules.

A few days before the control fence of Cala, you will have to stick to a definite diet:

Meat and fish dishes are excluded from the diet.
Green vegetables.
Tomatoes and beets.
The reception of certain drugs is eliminated.

At the same time, to prepare for the analysis it is necessary to switch to the consumption of vegetable purees, it is best that it was potatoes. In addition, cereal, dairy products, a small amount of fruit are recommended.

Immediately before harvesting the feces, it is necessary to thoroughly wash the genitals and anal hole. Women can not be cutting the fence during the menstrual cycle.

Ate was held certain medical procedures, such as the study of the digestive system using barium, or enema, the fence of the fence for a coprogram can be made no earlier than 48 hours after the study.

We define a few more strict rules for collecting feces:

Cal for analysis must be obtained in spontaneous detergent, that is, the defecation should not be forced. Thus, the use of laxatives accelerating defecation is excluded, since their use affects the qualitative composition of the feces.
In Kale, there should be no urine impurities or menstrual blood.
Colorment in a special, sterile container, which must be filled with 30%. There is enough single tea spoon for analysis.
The material is given to the laboratory for analyzing during the day.

What can be revealed using a coprogram

In the process of deciphering a coprogram, the doctor has the ability to detect a certain disease. This may indicate changes in the feces parameters. We define the main diseases that identify the analysis.

The bile disease, which is characterized by not just the appearance of stones in bile ducts, but also a violation of the outflow in the intestine of bile. With violation of the outflow of bile, you can diagnose the development of jaundice. The feces analysis in this sense is indicative, as the feces become whitish clay color, as they are still denoted. Such a change is due to the fact that there is no pigment of Sterkobilin in the feces, which gives Kalu familiar to all brown tint.

Another disease, which also reflects the fence analysis, is or duodenal. In Kale, this moment can be determined by the presence of blood, it means that the ulcer is bleeding. In this case, Kal acquires black.

Varicose extension of the veins of the esophagus - with this problem, blood gets into the intestines, and Kal acquires the same as with an ulcer, black.

It should be noted that the appearance of blood in feces can be provoked by a sufficiently large number of problems, for example, dysentery, hemorrotype, anal cracks, ulcerative colitis. And they can be determined immediately by the fact that the defecation is accompanied by pain syndrome.

Chronic pancreatitis always passes against the background of the inability to digest all proteins, carbohydrates and fats. In this case, the disease of the patient's feces acquire a sharp smell, and a large number of undigested food residues can be observed as part of Cala.

Dysbacteriosis. At the same time, absolutely all processes of digestion are violated, the chair becomes liquid with a sharp and unpleasant odor.

As can be seen from the list, each of the diseases that can be determined by the coprogram refers to the category of serious pathologies that require immediate treatment.

Many patients ask what a coprogram is, how to properly pass this analysis. Before studying, you need to learn how to assemble the feces correctly not to get distorted results. This will lead to the fact that the doctor will deliver the wrong diagnosis, and then prescribes inefficient therapy, which will not lead to a positive result.

1 Essence of the study

Analysis on a coprogram is necessary in order to detect diseases or pathology in the following organs and systems of the human body:

Stomach.
Intestines.
Pancreas.
Liver.
Duodenum.
Gastrointestinal tract.

The collected fee for analysis makes it possible to learn how the digestive organs work, assume or diagnose this or that disease, control the development of the disease and its treatment.

The coprogram allows you to diagnose the following pathologies:

Congenital disorders of the functions of the digestive system.
Hereditary violations in the structure of the bodies.
Dysfunction of the stomach and intestines, which is often manifested in accelerated food suction.
The presence of spastic, allergic and ulcerative colitis.

The study is carried out both adults and children, which is convenient, when other diagnostic methods are not applied for certain reasons.

It is necessary to collect material for the coprogram, if there is a need for diagnosing diseases or evaluating the results of treatment, its influence on other organs.

2 Preparatory Stage

How to pass the analysis? The condition of the feces depends on many factors, in particular:

nutrition;
use of drugs;
lifestyle, etc.

Therefore, to obtain truthful results to surrender analysis, it is necessary to prepare carefully and correctly collect feces. The preparation scheme will be based on dietary nutrition. To do this, it is necessary a few days before the diagnosis is removed from the diet of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, as a result of which the correct analyzes of various pathologies can be obtained.

Usually, the doctor prescribes one of the two diets - Schmidt or Peszner before surrendering the analysis. They are a short-term and effective means to properly prepare for the coercion.

The pesser diet is the usual mixed nutrition, which should maximize the digestive organs. To comply with the diet, you need to use the following products every day (the daily calorie load will be 3,250 kcal):

White and black bread: for 400 g.
Roasted meat: 250 g, only piece.
Oil - 100 g.
About 40 g of sugar.
Porridge: buckwheat and rice.
Fried potatoes.
Sauerkraut.
Cucumber salad.
Dried fruits compote.
Fresh apples.

The diet allows you to detect pathology and dysfunction in other digestive organs.

Schmidt diet is characterized by more gentle nutrition and low calorieness, which is about 2,200 kcal per day. The daily diet includes products such as:

Milk (0.5 l).
Eggs cooked schozyku.
125 g is a weakly roasted chopped meat.
Potato mashed potatoes: about 200-250
A viscous decoction of oatmeal.
White bread or crackers: 100 g
Butter.

Schmidt's diet contributes to a good absorption of food, and uncoupled food remnants are not detected.

From the diet, the doctor may eliminate the products in which there is iron, which is done in suspected internal bleeding in the organs of the digestive system. Usually from the diet exclude meat, fish, green vegetables, tomatoes, green onions and pepper Bulgarian.

If this is not done, then these products will give a false-positive reaction to hidden bleeding. But the diet from this is not much will not become, you can eat cereal cooked on milk, bread, dairy products. Excluded at the time and medicine, which includes iron or other drugs that can paint steels. This is usually bismuth, bary preparations.

3 Dear material and results

Before the procedure, the doctor must explain to the patient that the feces must only be collected after the natural defecation occurred. Not suitable for analysis Material, which was obtained after the enema, receiving laxatives, the introduction of rectal candles, drugs affecting the intestinal motor activity.

In feces, which is assembled for analysis, foreign substances should not be present:

urine;
menstrual blood;
selection of urinary organs.

Therefore, the fence of the fence at home is made only after receiving the soul. Collective feces are needed in a clean and necessarily dry dishes using a spatula.

Special plastic containers are sold in pharmacies, which are sterile. Its material for the survey is filled by one third and immediately dismiss in the hospital or laboratory. The material should get there no later than 8-12 hours after the fence.

If this can not be done, the feces in a closed container must be placed in the refrigerator or another cool place.

The analysis cannot be submitted if women experience menstrual discharges, or a diagnostic intestinal examination was passed. Most often it is x-ray or colonoscopy under which special contrast agents are used, capable of painting steels.

Also, the fence of the material for the coprogram is not done after the enema. You need to wait 2-3 days to assemble the feces and take it to the laboratory.

Cal is learned by several methods, which allows reliable results on the state of the organs of the digestive system and the tract, to detect hidden pathologies. Therefore, in the form of the analysis results, several indicators corresponding to microscopic, biochemical and physical (macroscopic) studies will be marked.

In particular, the feces consistency are studied, its shape, color, odor, acidity, the presence of mucus, blood, reptile food residues, reaction to protein, bilirubin, hidden blood, sterkobilin, etc.

Among the main results of the analysis, it is worth noting the following. If the feces are colorless, then the patient diagnoses a gall-eyed disease. Positive analysis on hidden blood allows you to detect the stomach ulcery, liver cirrhosis, hemorrhoids, ulcerative colitis, dysentery.

The smell change says about the presence of pancreatitis of chronic stage. Analysis for carbohydrates in kids allows you to detect. The mucus indicates that dysbacteriosis and salmonellosis develops.

The coprogram is an extended analysis of the path masses and the assessment of their physical and chemical characteristics. Usually the coprogram is prescribed to small children if doctors suspect the problems with digestion or gastrointestinal tract. Cala coprogram will not be informative if the doctor suspects an infection in the stomach - for this it is necessary to make bacteriological sowing of Cala. However, a coprogram is an important, effective study of such organs such as liver, pancreas, stomach and intestines.

What a coprogram shows

The coprogram evaluates biological material from two different sides - doctors explore the physical (general) characteristics of the material, and its chemical features. The general properties of biomaterial are evaluated by the following indicators: consistency, color, reaction. Chemical indicators are talking about protein, bile acids, blood inclusion. The presence of fats, starch and other inclusions is also evaluated. For the convenience of decrypting the coprovrma in children, the tables with norms are given below.

Norms for children of different ages on breast and artificial feeding

Indicator	Norm for baby up to a year on breastfeeding	Norm for a child up to a year on artificial feeding	Norm for a child after a year
Consistency	Silping, like porridge.	Different with a more thick consistency.	Cylindrical, elongated shape.
Quantity	From 15 g in the first month of life up to 40 - 50 g in the next.	30 - 40 g	From 100 to 250 g
Smell	Slightly sour.	Unpleasant, weakly rotten.	Typical, characterized only with pronounced deviations.
Color indicator	Yellow with a greenish tint.	Color ranges from yellow to brown.	Usually feces can be brown or dark brown if protein products are dominated, meat.
pH Kala	The weakness is 4.8-5.8, rarely neutral.	Larous or neutral 6.8-7.5.
Slime	It is allowed in minor quantities.	Not allowed.
Bile	Bilirubin and Sterkobilin may be present in the roam masses of up to 5 months. By 6-8 months should be determined only by Sterkobilin.		Only Sterkobilin is allowed.
The reaction to the soluble protein	Not allowed.
Leukocytes	8-10 in sight.	0-1 in sight.

Other rates that do not depend on the type of feeding

Indicator	Norm
Blood	Not allowed.
Plant fiber (digestible and not digestible)	Normally occurs only not digestible fiber.
Detritus	It can be detected in different quantities, but what is more, the more fully the digestion process is.
Muscular fibers	Not allowed. In small quantities there may be modified muscle fibers.
Neutral fat	It is allowed in a small amount.
Fatty acid
Soap	Allowed in small quantities.
Starch	Not allowed.
Connective tissue	Not allowed.
Yodophilic Flora	Not allowed.
Eggs worm, simplest, mushrooms	Not allowed.
Pus	Not allowed.

Thus, the decoding of the Caala Breast Coprogram has its own characteristics, the children older than the year will be somewhat different. All of these features, the doctor knows and connects with parental complaints, as well as preliminary data surveys. If there are deviations, the doctor will notify parents about them and may appoint additional research. For example, if in the coprogram there are traces of the reaction to hidden blood, you may need FGDS or other studies.

Causes of possible deviations

If the results of the analysis do not correspond to the norm, then depending on which indicator is violated, there may be different interpretations of the reasons for those who served.

Consistency and shape. Depend on the water content. The shape of Cala, reminiscent of the "sheep order" indicates excessive binding of water during constipation. The ribbon shape of the feces may indicate the intestinal stenosis. Power masses of the Maze can be provoked by the problems with the work of the gallbladder, and the Bubble Cal says about the presence of an intestinal infection.

The number of carte masses. With a large amount of powerful path masses, the doctor may suspect the child entering, cholecystitis, mechanical jaundice, Crohn's disease, diarrhea, dyspepsia. If the number of feces is too small, the doctor suspects constipation, a mixture or chronic colitis.

Smell. Depends on such compounds like scatol and indole, which are formed during the breakdown of proteins. With the intensification of the rotting of proteins in the intestines, the smell is felt stronger. The predominance of plant and dairy products contribute to reducing odor. Snifferent processes (putrefactive dyspepsia, etc.) are the cause of a foul odor. The scent of the child is not on breastfeeding or older than the year there is a fermentation processes in the intestine.

Color. Depends on the sterkobilo formed from bilirubin under the action of intestinal bacteria. The color also affects the influence of food, medicinal substances, pathological impurities.

If the feces have a pronounced brown color, then this may be a consequence of a large amount of protein in food, a hemolytic jaundice, a putrefactive dyspepsia. Also, the dark color of the wheel masses may be provoked by colitis or constipation.
The light brown calorie is an excess in the diet of vegetable food or an excessively fast evacuation of a calm lump.
An admixture of rigine masses is due to the large amount of greenery in the diet.
Called masses of light yellow color are pushing the idea of \u200b\u200bdyspepsia or pancreatitis, as well as an excess in the diet of the child of dairy products (in infants on breastfeeding is normal).
Very dark color of the feet, right up to the black color, it can be triggered by bleeding from the stomach and the upper intestinal departments. Also calmed in such a color when taking iron or food effects with painting effect (for example, some berries).
Dark feces with a greenish tint is a sign of gastrointestinal infection.
The atypical white color of the feet of dirty and white color is a consequence of hepatitis, blockage of bile ducts, pancreatitis. With a transparent muddy color of Cala, it can go about cholera, and yellowish green is talking about the abdominal typhoid.
The red shade of Cala talks about possible bleeding from the lower intestinal departments, the use of products with dyes or with ulcerative colitis.

Reaction medium.If the coprogram is alkaline, expressed, then dissipation is suspected due to increased protein food rotting process, and the acidic reaction occurs due to the presence in the biomaterial of organic acids. The midclass medium is most often due to the presence of fatty acids and may indicate mechanical jaundice, inflammation of the small intestine, and the acidic medium indicates the fermentation processes in the thick intestine as a result of dyspepsia.

The presence of mucus. In the presence of large inclusions of mucus with flakes there is a suspicion:

inflammatory process;
malabsorption syndrome;
fibergation;
abnormal bends in the intestines;
celiac disease;
an irritable bowel syndrome.

The presence of blood in the cartoons.Speaks about possible damage to the vessels, muscle tissue, heavy inflammatory process, polyps, neoplasm, hemorrhoid, proctitis, cracks, colitis, crown disease.

Reaction to bile acids.At an elevated level of Sterkobilin, hemolytic anemia or increased secretion of bile is suspected. With a lack of Sterkobilin, hepatitis, pancreatitis, the pathology of the gallbladder is possible. If there are bilirubin, doctors suspect the presence of problems with intestinal microflora.

Reaction to soluble protein. If there are inflammatory processes in the intestines, bleeding, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, rotten dyspepsia.

Plant fiber. When the tissue digestible fiber is turned on, doctors suspect a child dyspepsia (grinding or rock).

Detritus.Low indicator says in general about poor food digestion.

Muscular fibers.If modified fibers are detected, that is, suspicion of the lack of work of the pancreas, the stomach, the weak functionality of the small intestine or the rapid evacuation of food from the body.

Leukocytes.With an increased number of neutrophils, the colitis, the intestine tuberculosis, paraproititis, enteritis suspected. In the presence of eosinophils, there may be a glitstic invocation, amoebic dysentery, colitis (allergic or nonspecific ulcerative).

Neutral fat, fatty acids and soaps. If there are many neutral fat in the coprogram, then this indicates the insufficiency of the pancreas or liver. It is possible that there is a blockage of biliary tract, or the food lump is not digested enough in the small intestine. A significant elevated amount of fatty acids speaks of dyspepsia, the problems of the functioning of the pancreas, diarrhea, fermentation dyspepsia. Soaps in the coprogram (for the elimination of children on artificial feeding) may be present in the violation of suction in the intestine, problems with the production of bile, pancreatitis.

Starch. If there are intracellular or extracellular inclusions, then this indicates the pathology of the digestive organs. Usually suspected problems with pancreas, since starch appears with insufficient digestion of carbohydrates, especially with this pathology, the extracellular starch is high. There may be suspicion of gastritis, ferment dyspepsia or diarrhea.

Connective tissue. The presence of connective tissue in the cartoons testifies to the insufficiency of hydrochloric acid.

Yodophilic flora.If bacteria in the coprogram are present above the norm, the child begins the fermentation dyspepsia.

The presence of pus. It is a sign of the inflammatory process in the intestine.

How to collect feces for a coprogram

The analysis of the feces on the coprogram is a common analysis of infants if the doctor needs to evaluate the work of the digestive organs. Breast children biomaterial recommend not to collect from the diaper, and put a special diaper to avoid urine impurities. During constipation, it is not necessary to stimulate the defecation of candles or drugs - it can provoke a change in the main characteristics. It is best to make a massage of the tummy or put the gas pipe. Read more about collecting Kala Analysis Read here

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Description of research

Preparing for research:

As a rule, for a coprological study of the patient's special training, it is not required, but before the study, it is necessary to stop the reception of certain medicines, which may affect the appearance of feces, distort the results of a microscopic study or strengthen the intestinal peristaltics. These are any laxatives, including vaseline and castor, activated carbon, iron, bismuth and barium, vague and sympathetic agents, as well as any drugs introduced in rectal candles prepared for a fat basis. It is impossible to direct the material for the study after the enema.

Cal is assembled after spontaneous defecation into a disposable container with a screw lid. The amount of biomaterial in the container must be no more than 1/3 of the volume of the container.

Cal should not contain an admixture of urine and separated by the genital organs. The material is delivered to the clinical diagnostic laboratory at once or no later than 10-12 hours after defecation, subject to storage in the refrigerator at 4-8 0 C.

The material under study: Cal.

Physical, chemical and microscopic assessment of the condition of the feces.

Coprogram Allows you to identify disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, accelerating the promotion of dietary masses along the digestive tract, diagnose the presence of inflammatory processes in the digestive system, to identify the symptoms of the melting invasion.

Method

Analysis combines various physical, chemical research methods and an optical sample microscopy.

Reference values \u200b\u200b- norm
(Coprogram, Cal)

Information regarding reference values \u200b\u200bof indicators, as well as the composition of the indicators included in the analysis may differ somewhat depending on the laboratory!

Norm:

Coprogram in adults

Number per day - 100-250 g

Consistency - decorated (soft or dense)

Shape - cylindrical

Color - brown, shade can vary from lighter to darker, depending on the nature of food

Reaction - neutral or slightly alkaline (pH 6.5-7.5)

Single characteristic smell

Microscopy Cala:

Muscular fibers - there are no individual digested fibers that have lost allocations

Neutral fat - absent

Fatty acids - missing

Plant fiber: a) digestible - single cells or cellular groups; b) undequired - contained in different quantities depending on the nature of food

Starch - absent

Iodophilic microflora - no

Mucus, epithelium - present in small quantities

The simplest is missing

Eggs of worms - missing

Yeast mushrooms - missing

Coprogram of a breast child

Number per day 65-90 g

Consistency - decorated (soft or dense) / neo-tore

Color - Brown, Yellow, Serious Yellow

Reaction - neutral or acidic

Microscopy Cala:

Muscular fibers - missing

Connecting fabric - missing

Neutral fat - a slight amount

Fatty acids - a minor amount

Soap - a minor amount

Vegetable fiber A) digestible unit cells or cellular groups; b) undequired is contained in different quantities

Starch - absent

Iodophilic flora - missing

Mucus, epithelium - contained in small quantities

Leukocytes - single in the preparation

Reaction to hidden blood - negative

The reaction to the protein is negative

The simplest is missing

Eggs of worms - missing

Yeast mushrooms - missing

Indications

Coprogram Allows you to diagnose:

Violation of the enzymatic and acid-forming function of the stomach.

Violation of the enzymatic function of the pancreas.

Disruption of the enzymatic function of the intestine.

Violation of the liver function.

Violation of the suction process in the twelfth and subtle intestine.

Accelerated evacuation from the stomach and intestines.

Chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases, primarily different types of colitons: peptic, spastic, allergic (K52.9).

Improving values \u200b\u200b(positive result)

Qualitative indicators of the coprogram: odor: no odor may be with constipation, the acidic smell indicates intestinal dyspepsia, dysbecteryizes; Pinged - for fermentation processes. A sharp putthous smell testifies to chronic pancreatitis.

Chemical indicators of the Coprogram: PH. Equity of feces depends on the presence of intestinal microflora, fatty acids and protein inclusions. In disruption of the suction of fatty acids, the indicators are shifted into the acidic side, if there are no digested proteins, the reaction is more alkaline.

Blood. Positive reaction to blood speaks of bleeding from any department of the gastrointestinal tract (K92.2).

Protein. The presence of protein in feces analysis allows to suspect inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in particular, gastritis, duodenitis (K29), colitis (K52), pancreatitis (K85).

Urobilinogen, Sterkobilinogen, Sterkobilin. Thanks to these finite disintegration products, the bilirubin challenges acquire a characteristic brown color (in the absence of their absence, it becomes light, even colorless). Bilirubin enters the intestine from the liver, so the lightweight kal indicates problems with the liver and the removal of bile (hepatitis (B19), the blockage of the biliary tract, etc.)

Bilirubin. The presence of a bilirubin in an adult coprogram speaks of the activity of pathogenic microflora (intestinal dysbiosis after antibiotic therapy) or at an accelerated intestinal peristality. In turn, the presence of a bilirubin in the feces of an infant child is the norm and is associated with the insufficiently developed microflora of the large intestine.

Microscopic examination:

Connectual, muscle fibers. The presence of them (creative) testifies to the unimaging of the protein.

Starch and fiber. The presence in the feces of a large number of starch (amylohery) and fiber does not indicate a violation of the flushing process of carbohydrates.

Slime. An increase in the mucus content indicates inflammatory processes of the intestinal tract.

Fats. An increase in the amount of neutral fat (steatheree) is a sign of Malabsorption syndrome (intestinal absorption violations).

Cells. An increase in the number of leukocytes and macrophages speaks of inflammatory processes; The presence of erythrocytes testifies to bleeding (K92.2). In case of cancer diseases, tumor cells (C15-C26) can be found in the feces analysis.

Microbial bodies. With microscopy, it is possible to detect the organisms of the simplest: giardia, trichomonas, amids, etc., as well as eggs and worms.

Salt crystals. The appearance of various salts in the feces of crystals may indicate rotational and allergic processes, about changing the acidity of intestinal content.