River Neglinnaya or Neglinka is completely hidden from the eyes of Muscovites: this river is 7.5 km long in the XIX century. was hidden in the collector. Neglinka became the legend among the metropolitan diggers, an unusual landmark, to which they go.
There are several versions of the origin of this toponym. The most common option: The river was named due to the fact that her bed was sandy, without mulling impurities. Philologists do not exclude that Toponym could occur from the northern word "Nell" (willba) or from the Lithuanian root "GIML" ("Depth"). In addition, in antiquity, they called the marsh terrain.
The first chronicle mention of the River Neglinke refers by 1401. Judging by the old records, at this time the Neglinka was a powerful water artery. Fish was caught in the river, put mills on it and even used for shipping. Also, Neglinka performed a defensive function, being a natural obstacle on the way to. In the spring flood, the width of the Neglinka in some places was 1.5 km, and the depth - 25 m.
The river originates in the Maryina Roesch area, flows into Moscow River. Neglinka has several tributaries, the largest of which is the river.
In the XVI century The Nellinka River has six Moscow ponds, as well as a wide ditch from the Kremlin. Numerous disasters are connected with non-link: it is this river "responsible" for the large-scale Moscow floods of the XVI-XIX centuries.
At the beginning of the XVIII century. Peter I ordered additionally to strengthen the Kremlin with five bubbits: with a sheer triangular walls, under which there were deep rally. Rips were flooded with the waters of the Neglinki River, in addition, for these purposes, the Swan's pond completely descended, forever disappeared from the map of Moscow.
Despite the concerns of Peter, the Swedish troops did not enter Moscow. And in 1823, the Kremlin Butavers were demolished.
In the upper reaches, the water of the River Neglinki was distinguished by exceptional purity: the sand served as a natural filter. Up until the XIX century. The river was used as a natural "farm" to grow fish. The merchants bought a license for this activity from the Moscow authorities. In winter, the ice from the Neglinki delivered throughout Moscow and used for storage of products. For the purity of water, a special police department was followed: Muscovites had a strictly setting forbidden to wash in unborn underwear and washing horses.
Downstream, the ecological situation was no longer so joyful: due to the large number of waterproof the water became muddy. The lower reaches of the Neglinki in the people called "foaming places".
The turning point in the history of the river has occurred at the beginning of the XIX century. The authorities of the city decided to hide under the ground part of the unlocks with a length of about 3 km. The plan of the Grand Brick Collector developed an EG Engineer. Chereis. In addition, it created a unique cement composition, not afraid of moisture.
In 1817, the work on the "tinning" of the Neglinki began, in 1819 they were completed. Despite the quality of the collector, the river from time to time was chosen outside, overpaying the adjacent territories. The causes of the floodings were shrines, flood and barrels of the pipe.
In 1860, the collector extended 1 km away, and in 1970, the uncle was almost completely hidden from the eyes of Moscow residents. The river has become a kind of sight-ghost, legend among diggers, history and archeology lovers.
But despite all attempts to hide the challenka, from time to time this river breaks out of his underground bed. For example, in 2015, the streets of the center of Moscow appeared by showering the streets of the center of Moscow.
Excursions to Neglinke
The passage of artificial channel Neglinka described in his book "Moscow and Muscovites" the famous writer and journalist V. Gilyarovsky. Modern metropolitan diggers sometimes refer to an extreme route along the underground river "Pipe Gilyarovsky".
Excursion to non-linking can be started from a variety of places in Moscow. Participants are descended under the ground through the usual sewer hatch. All excursions must be equipped with special boot shoes, helmets with naked lamps and rubber gloves.
There is no unpleasant smell in the collector: Neglinka is not sewage, but a real underground river with fresh water.
Part of the route go through water. The depth is mainly lower than the knee, but because of a large number of il, it is hard enough. However, after some time, side sidewalks appear in the collector. In the underground direction, the inhabitants in the summer is about 17 °, in winter - 10 ° heat.
During the excursion, the tourists will see numerous influxful tributaries, including the mouth of the river Snub, brick collectors of 1904 and 1914, vintage cameras, underground waterfalls.
The brick arch in which the Neglinka flows is striking the quality of construction. For 200 years, the laying is practically not damaged, despite the daily impact of moisture.
Excursion to the Neglinke River will be interesting and lovers of unusual places, historians, and simple tourists. Staying in an old man-made heavy grotto with leisurely by the current river makes thinking about the eternal. In the Neglinke collector, you can make memorable photos.
Pashensky swamp could occupy the territory to modern regimental st., Although it is only one of the versions.
Left influx of the Moscow River. Length is 7.5 km. Enclosed in the pipe. Starting from Pashensky Swamp near the marina grove and crossing the central part of the city from the north to south (flowed on the modern streets of Streletskaya, Novosuschovskaya, Dostoevsky, 3rd self-reading alley, a self-reader, a self-line area, a color boulevard, a pipe area, a rough street, theatrical square , Manezh Square, Alexandrovsky Garden, along the Kremlin Wall before putting in Moscow River), the river was of great importance for the life of the city.
In the beginning. XVI in. Six ponds were arranged at Neglinke (Nelinensky ponds), some of which (samotek) were lowered in gray. XVIII century In con. XVIII century Neglinka was pasted on the canal, and in 1817-1819. Enclosed in a pipe for 3 km. By 1966, the second mouth formed was formed, the collector was equipped with a length of approx. 1 km from theatrical pl. Under the streets of Nikolskaya and Barbage, in the 1970s. The new course is laid from the pipe pl. to ul. Okhotny row (length of St. 900 m).
Mentioned in sources from 1401 as R. Neglimna, in the book Big Drawing, 1627. Nelinna, in the source of the middle of the XVII century. Neglimna, but later unlinked, Neglinka. The traditional explanation of the name comes from the form of Neglinna and sees the basis of the name Russian. Clay, that is, a "river with a non-catching bottom, shores." However, the existence of the name with a similar meaning is unlikely because of its non-informative; The denying clayness of the bottom, it does not mean anything about his actual character (sandy, stony, or some other). You can assume the name of the name with the dialectful word of the non-the-swamp - a swamp, a swampy place with springs. In the old literature, it was noted that the formation of creeks, driers, swamps on this river, her littleness, slowness of the flow.
At the beginning of the XVI century. The waters of the unfortunate was filled out along the Kremlin Wall. The river was built by stone dam, forming a chain of six-related ponds, which were used to breed fish and extinguishing fires. On the shores of the unblocks there were mills, forges, baths and workshops. There were 4 bridges: Voskresensky (his fragments were found in archaeological excavations at the Manezhnaya Square in 1994), 3-Poly Kuznetsky, the most ancient Trinity and Petrovsky (found when reorganizing the scene of the Small Theater).
The Neglinnaya took the right stream from the Butyrsky Pond, the stream from the anthropic holes, R. Beluyu and the Uspensky enemy, on the left - R.Naprudna and the stream from Daeva Pond. In the middle of the XVIII century. In connection with the growth of the population and the development of the industry, water in the rough, already polluted, badly smelled; A part of the ponds, which were called self-shot, was decided to pull out.
During the war with the Swedes in 1707-1708. Earthworks were made to strengthen the walls of the Kremlin and China-Cities. In the course of construction, the finely translated into the ditch, located approximately where the lattice of the Alexandrovsky Garden is now, and its row is falling asleep, after which the bastions were erected, which were demolished only in 1819-1823.
In 1817-19. Neglinnaya for 3 km concluded in the pipe (hence the name of the pipe area). However, the collectors were often contaminated, not at all the volume of water, especially in the flood and flood, which led to the flooding of surrounding streets. By 1966, the second mouth was created: a collector was built (about 1 km long, a diameter of up to 4 m), stretching from the Theater Square under Nikolskaya and Barbarka Street, who merges the Water Neglinki to Moscow River (almost 1 km below the old mouth), In the area of \u200b\u200bthe hotel "Russia". In the 1970s. A new channel is laid (over 900 m long) from the tubular area to the street Okhotny row.
Neglinka is a unique phenomenon. In the sense that everyone about this river knows, but no one has seen her, since she was concluded in the pipe back in 1819. But being hidden from the eyes of human, how many traces in the Moscow names left Nellinka! This is an unlinal street that is completely repeating the riverbed, and 1-3 unborn alleys, and a Kuznetsky bridge, disassembled as a bridge in the already mentioned 1819. But only the traces of the simllinks are not exhausted. The pipe area is not the most, maybe the harmonious name. But it is all from the same pipe, in which they concluded non-link. And here it was hidden in the pipe even much earlier than the beginning of the XIX century. To the time, when the walls of the White Cities arose, the tower had to build a pipe for water flow. The area formed nearby began to be called very simple - the pipe.
The name of Neglinka attracted researchers in the presence in sources (from the beginning of the XV century) of Neglinna / Nellinal options and the locality of the locality, the stimples. On this basis, V.N.Toporov (1972) refers hydronism to the Baltic Substrate, remobably from the Gilm root (cf. Prusska. Gilmen, lit. Gelmynas, etc. (lit. Gilme "Depth"). This etymology was supported by E.M.Pozosrelov (1999) as the most realistic: Hydonim is comprehended by the "shallow, small river". The opposite point of view: the name of the Neglinka is associated with the Russian appeal and means "River with a non-catching bottom, The shores "(in particular, it was expressed by G.P.Smolitskaya and M.V. Gorbanevsky, 1982). In Russian dialects, for example, in Ryazan, there is a transition of NN in MN: Glymyanian instead of clay. In addition, in Bass. Oka repeatedly There is a neighborhood of hydronemark types of Glinskaya / Neglinnaya, which gives an additional argument for the possible motivation of the name of Neglinka as "rivers with the black bottom and shores", i.e. by the nature of the soil (unlike other places in Moscow, for example, the location of the clay in R - Along the modern Slavic pl.). Another name of the river - sa Motyka - refers to a number of the names of the rivers, resulting from flowing water ponds: Water from them was "self-shot."
The campaign will first be in the headwaters of the underground river, then from the tops we will go down to almost the nose and merger with Moscow River.
A little information:
Neglinka, Neglinnaya (Samotek) - the most popular, well-known and, probably, the most beautiful underground river of Moscow. It is located in the city center, leaks down Neglinnaya Street from Marina Grove to China-Cities; The center passes, envelopes the Kremlin and flows into the Moscow river. River length (in collector) 7.2 km. There is a neighbor approximately at a depth of 10 meters.
In antiquity, the River Neglinnaya was an important means of communication, as well as defended the Kremlin from the attacks from the West and the North-West. The full-flow river has long been a fisheries, and with the development of crafts - and for economic purposes - dams were erected and mills were raised. In 1817-1819, the finely was concluded in the pipe (brick arch) for three kilometers. Work on the construction of an underground bed for the River Neglinnaya conducted a geodesist, a town-planner, a military engineer E. G. Cheliev, the inventor of cement solidifies in water. In the 1970s. A new collector was laid from the tubular area to the street Okhotny row. WikipediaAbout the shooting has already been written any hundred posts, articles. There are many rollers, movies and even advertisements inside the collector, but I still decided to write my report about this river. Somewhere it will look like many others, and somewhere I will try to make a new one in history and studying the river something new.
We start your movement to the top of the system.
Forward - the main channel of the unglogging leading to the sources, the upwards. Left is visible quite large plug, turning into a narrow pipe.
Moscow, as the city was formed in a very interesting and convenient place for life - on the merger of the rivers of Moscow and Neglinnaya. Several centuries city grew. At first they grew up the Kremlin, then the walls of China-city appeared. Only in the 16th century, the city moved through the unknown, surrounding it by the grassland with the walls of the White City. The janctimacy, located on the site of the current Lenin Library, ceased to be a countryside. But if the Moscow-River was and remained shipping, beautiful, big and revered by the river, then the echlinka became the hindrance to the 17th century became a hindrance to the development of Moscow and had to disappear from the card forever ...
Construction of a square collector of the River Neglinki. Collector width of about 5 meters, meter height 4 (photo from the Internet).
Almost along the entire river there are two sides, according to which you can move without seeing my legs. The depth of the river is now somewhere around the ankle and in some places on the knee maximum. In the photo, the Neglinka River turns left, there, immediately behind the turn there is a gentle waterfall.
We go to start right. In the round tunnel - the overtook of the Neglinki.
View back. After the circular section begins the square.
We go further along this square connector, until you apparently turn with a round tunnel of small sections, from where water flows, and the collector continues, the collector is already brick, but bewitched with different concrete structures and tubes of pipes.
We return to the place where the shooter of the Neglinki turns to the left to the waterfall.
Ancient tunnel after a waterfall.
On the heads of the collector, there are sometimes egg-shaped impassable connections. Most often, they are half or fully syndered and there are no currents in them, but what history they keep ...
The main tunnel passes on the left. On the right again some kind of connection. Find out all the names and the purpose of the connections is now unrelated.
Moving in a square collector towards Moscow-river - in the lower husband. Sometimes from different pipes, the water is completely randomly beginning under pressure.
After a rather long square modern manifold, we reach the most interesting part of the low-row Neglinki.
Behind me there is a sad square tunnel remains, and in front of me, Neglinka continues in two hundred and meter Majorrayweight ellipsoid collector of royal times laid out completely from the brick.
This place is called "historic", "Pipe of Gilyarovsky", which in his book "Moscow and Muscovites" describes its descent to the collector of the Neglinka here.
Look back toward the top. The junction of a new square manifold is visible with old brick. Right (if you look at the photo) there is a passage to the stairs and hatch, on the left - the rude huge passage. They say, there is a cable collector, but not every Digger boasts from there, because it is almost impossible to get there.
Booted passage.
Gilyarovsky trail.
Just awesome turn, there are no other emotions. Madly beautiful.
View back.
View back game with light.
A man.
Another.
This perfect historical part of the collector ends here and we get into ...
Here we get into the girdle chamber. Further, the new collector of the shield penetration, passing under the quarters of China-Cities, rightly leaves (it is not visible in the photo) Reserve watercourses in case of overlapping the main flow, it is sometimes called the old river.
And now we are underground with you right near the Big Theater.
Reserve watercourses.
In the case of what, Sewber or, differently, the gate will have to fall from above, to block the channel and water will have to flow into reserve watercourses. However, it turns out that two of the three Sewberries are removed and simply leaning against the wall in the girlfriend, which is slightly higher than the main tunnel, and the third - central Schiber has long been closed, as well as mechanisms lowering it.
Reserve watercourse, quite the old thing about the reinforced concrete tunnel itself, sometimes under the water, you can get a narrow scene. He passes straight a little nine Manege Street. They say, there is another channel that goes directly at the walls of the Kremlin, but does not exit the main system. It seems to be a legend, but the confirmation can be found in the Ventshahte, located near the walls of the Kremlin, from where the roar of water is heard.
At this, I want to finish my post-hike in Simlg. I passed the challency almost all, the main channel next goes into a round new collector of the shield penetration with a height of about 3-4 meters and goes to the very imposition in the Moscow river, only at the very imposition to be divided into 3 tunnels and a large room with balconies.
P.S.Three-meter rats in Neglinka no.
Thanks for reading the post.
Written by me for Digger Wikipedia. It focuses on the history of the underground system of collectors.
The first references to the Neglinnaya (Nellime) belong to the period of Ivan Kalita. She began from the swamps near the marina grove and flowed from the north to south, falling into Moscow River next to the Kremlin. In the upper course there were several ponds. Then the river was full and clean, and in its lower current - and shipping. But the rapid growth of the population of Moscow led to the fact that by the end of the XVIII century, the Nechlinnaya was so polluted with unclean streets that the water was considered dangerous to health. According to Plan, Catherine II in 1775 should have concluded the River Neglinnaya in an open channel, on the shores to arrange boulevards for a walking, and on the eastern bank of the river, put the water supply with fountains from Mytishchi to the Kuznetsky bridge.
Neglinnaya in an open line on the map of Moscow 1739
In 1791-92 G. According to the project of an engineer I. Herard, a channel was laid with a width of about 2 m to the east of the old river bed, which then was falling asleep. Under the tube area of \u200b\u200bthe river was in the underground tunnel ("pipe"). After the fire of 1812, the Commission for the structure of the city of Moscow decided: "An open channel with basins on the lack of water in it from the accumulated uncleaning, producing trouble in the air, breaking the arches, fall asleep." This was carried out in 1817-19. The work on the construction of an underground bed was conducted by a geodesist, a town-planner, a military engineer E. G. Cheliev. The land on filling the pipe was taken from the earthwork fortifications of the Kremlin wall, which at that time were demolished. Since then, a piece of rough from the samoton street to the mouth flows under the ground, and the shores of the former canal turned into the street Neglinnaya.
"Lubyana bargaining on the pipe", A. Vasnetsov.
In the second half of the XIX century, the utter collector no longer coped with the stream. The situation was aggravated by the fact that the owners of the houses standing nearby arranged unauthorized sings, through which they were discharged into the unclean river. In 1886-87 Under the leadership of the engineer N. M. Levacheva, a major overhaul was made and reorganization of the pipe throughout its entire. The tunnel was divided into three sections, on each of which the arch of the collector and the pavement were opened in 12 places. Water from the tunnel with the help of pumps was assigned to wooden, trimmed trays, suspended at an altitude of 1.5 ARSHIN over the bottom of the channel. During the reconstruction, the tunnel was cleared, the walls are plastered, the bottom is deepened and fulfilled in the form of an inverse arch, the tray is laid out with a Tarusk stone.
In 1906, a part of the rough in the upper current and its influx was removed from the sophisticated area to the Suschetsky Vala, the river is planted. In 1910-14 Plots that are in disrepair were again overhaul. Then, according to the project of the engineer M. P. Shchekotov, a plot of parabolic cross section was built with a length of 117 m near the hotel "Metropol" and the Small Theater. Its height is 3.6 meters, width - 5.75 meters. For its time, it was a brilliant engineering project, on hydraulic properties, not inferior to modern standards. For this sample, it was planned to rebuild the entire collector of the Neglinnaya, but the production of work was prevented by the First World War. This portion of the collector is now wearing the unlawful name "Shchekotovsky Tunnel".
Old collector Neglinnaya, despite the reconstruction of some sites, did not cope with the flow rain-enhancing during the storm rain. So, the Livni, who passed on July 14 and 25, 1965 caused flooding of the central part of the city on the square of more than 25 hectares. Therefore, in 1966, a new collector was built with a shield method under the charge, completed by the new water. The old river under the Alexander Garden was duplicating. The flooding of the territory has decreased significantly, but they did not stop.
Flood on rough in the 60s.
After the floods caused by the shines on July 7 and August 9, 1973, Moscow authorities decided to build a new collector River Neglinnaya. He was statenly built from 1974 to 1989 from the street of Durov to the Metropol Hotel, using the original "semi-art" method. Then the duplicate old river bed from the theater square to the Moscow River was reinforced using a reinforced concrete shirt device. The old plot from the signed area to the tubular has been practically not practically used, and the tunnel from the tubular area to theatrical is converted to the cable-thermal collector.
Construction of a new collector from precast concrete elements. 1974-75 g.
Formally, the project, implemented in 1996 on the Manezhnaya Square, was connected with the name of the Neglinki, where the alleged old district of the river was removed. In fact, it is an artificial reservoir of a closed cycle, the flow in which is supported by artificially. The old site is in the same place under the Alexandrovsky garden.
Neglinka and Gilyarovsky
The famous Moscow reporter and writer Vladimir Alekseevich Gilyarovsky was very interested in underground Moscow. When at the beginning of the 1880s, preparation was carried out for the reconstruction of the Neglinki collector, Gilyarovsky was part of the commission, which was created for inspecting the tempered old bed. In the report of "Underground work in Moscow" he published a report of the Commission:
The tube arch is preserved quite well, but there are longitudinal cracks in it, especially large under the theatrical passage and near Sandunovsky fountain, for 60 seats. In plates, the arch of the village and narrowed the canal. The channel also narrows the network of gas and water pipes crossing it. The channel has winding and steep turns, especially frequent on the way from the Small Theater to the theater pool. The walls of the channel have a thickness of 4 bricks, and the arch - 2 bricks. The floor consists of a double row of boards shown along the canal. The walls of the channel lie in its base on three rows of piles, and the floor is fortified on transverse logs, embedded
end in these piles. The floor has shown in places; The boards come off with the flow and clutter the channel. The height of the channel is not the same. In some places, a high growth person could go freely along the bottom of the canal, in the places, thanks to the priests, it was almost impossible to lie lying.
In his famous book "Moscow and Muscovites", published in 1926, Gilyarovsky dedicated a separate chapter. She was called "Mystery of Neglinki," and the author described in it, as at the beginning of the seventies of the XIX century he went down to the collector of the Neglinka.
... In the hot July day, we raised Malyushin against the house, near Samotek, the iron grille of the trigger, lowered the staircase there. No one paid attention to our operation - it was done very soon: raised the lattice, lowered the stairs. From the hole podlil the foul vapor. Fedya Plumber I climbed the first; The hole, raw and dirty, was narrowly, the staircase stood sheer, the back of a shard about the wall. There was a frightened water and a voice like a crypt:
- climb, or what!
I pulled up above my hunting boots, fastened to all buttons leather jacket and began to descend. Elbows and shoulders hung over the pipe walls. Hands had to hold onto the dirty steps with a steadily standing, swinging stairs, supported, however, the workers remaining at the top. With each step down, the stench was getting stronger and stronger. It became terribly. Finally, the noise of water and squinting was heard. I looked upstairs. I could have visited only the quadrangle of the blue, bright sky and the face of the worker who kept the staircase. Cold, bone penetrating dampness covered me ...
Illustrations
Photo - pARATOZOR
Abandoned section of the construction of the XIX century under the colored boulevard.
Old collector under the Alexandrovsky garden in a reinforced concrete "shirt."
Flap with a mood. Collector Building 1906
Schikotovsky Collector Building 1914
Sewer chamber before the start of the 1966 manifold under the charge.
Collector of construction of 1975. On the left - fragment of the bed of the XIX century.
The mouth of the old river challenge.
The mysterious, invisible black-river is the subject of creating myths and legends, the place of adventure and the object of research. The names of the streets and geographical objects say the existence of the river, but she seen her very much. The visits can be asked as a question: "Where is the Neglinnaya River?". And mocking Muscovites can explain to him for a long time, how to find it. But the life of the river was not always so sad, like today. There were also happy free times in her biography.
origin of name
The river in the center of Moscow, for his long history, changed several names: Neglimna, Nellin, Samotek. The rough river is the name, on the one hand, very familiar and native, on the other hand, the word "Neglinnaya" sounds somehow inorganized for the Russian language. Regarding its value there are several guesses.
Version 1. There is an assumption that Toponym "Neglinnaya" occurred from the word "non-blocking", meaning a small swamp with beating keys.
Version 2. GP Smolitskaya put forward a hypothesis that the name of the river comes from the phrase "not clay". The shooter of the Neglinki is sandy and exactly the name, according to the researcher. Many linguists say that such word formation is not typically for the Russian language and do not believe in this hypothesis.
Version 3. There is a suggestion that the name happened from the word "Megla", which was also uttered as "Negla", "Nelag" and meant "larch". The banks of the river in antiquity were covered with such trees, and the name of the river appeared allegedly from here.
Version 4. Philologist V.V. Axes, analyzing ancient languages, said that the name comes from the phrase "not GLIM IN" from the Baltic adverb, meaning the "shallow river".
None of the versions found sufficient confirmations or refutations. The second name of the river - Samotek has a lighter explanation. It means a river that follows from somewhere, in this case from the pond, its own move.
Geographical position
Moscow - Neglinka is very close. In ancient times, the peoples always settled near the water, if possible, choosing places between two rivers. Neglinnaya - the right influx of the Moscow River, the place of failure has formed a very successful territory protected from two sides by water, which people have settled up from ancient times. The river originates in the area of \u200b\u200bMarina Grove, the old river can be determined today on natural lowlines in the area of \u200b\u200bStreletskaya Street and Novosuschevskaya, as well as in the surplus adjacent to them. In the area of \u200b\u200bStreotsky, the Nellinka alley merged with a rochet of a nuddle. In total, the river had 17 tributaries. A few ponds are formed on the way: Miusky, Suschevsky, Anthropovs. They fill the river, making it complete. Further, several artificial reservoirs were created on its path, the largest of which is the lower sampling. A total of 10 ponds are formed on it.
Modern Neglinka proceeds under the Catherine and samotane stems, under the sampling, tubular and theatrical squares, under the unknown street, along the Kremlin, from which he flows into Moscow river.
Start of observation
For the first time, the Nellinka River is mentioned in the ancient Russian annals from the 14th century under the name of Nellimna. The river then was an important transport and defensive resource. It was fused the goods, caught fish in it, she served as a barrier from attacks on the Kremlin. Then the river proceeded without any restrictions in the city and suburbs, giving names to the streets, alleys and squares, providing the population with water. She carried her waters past the cerebral Sloboda Suschevo, next to the grandfather salty man. In those days, Moscow was adjusted under the course of unglogging, bridges were built through it, she played an important role in the life of Muscovites.
Life Neglinks up to 17th century
In the 15th century, residents of Moscow began to transform the river to their needs. Part of it was enclosed in a stone pipe, so four bridges were deployed on the map of the capital: Kuznetsky, Trinity, Petrovsky, Voskresensky. In the 16th century, a small river filled its waters around the Kremlin, several artificial dams were created on it. A note is preserved, in which the Moscow Prince gives an order to alasis Fryazin to separate the banks of the river stone and make the dam. A few mill wheels were installed on the river, and the winds were also used in the work and cannon court. Often, the river became a source of problems for Muscovites, she often came out of the shores, and it damaged the inhabitants of the capital.
New life challinks in the 18th century
During the Northern War, the unborn river played an important role. On her, by order of Peter of the First, defensive structures were erected - Bulvets, also a little west was allocated by the bed and laid a swan pond. The Swedes could not get to Moscow, and defensive structures were later dismantled. In the last quarter of the 18th century it was decided to make an unborn modern stone embankment. The architect engineer Gerard Ivan Kondratievich was engaged in the creation of the project. The embankment came Muscovites to the soul and became a popular place for walking. In those days, the ecological situation was quite favorable and the water of non-links and samotane ponds were a suitable place for fishing. Special police department workers followed the purity of water. They forbidden to bathe in the river horses and wash linen. Ponds surrendered to entrepreneurs to breed fish, and in the winter served as a source of ice for urban glaciers - refrigerators. But still in places, standing water bloomed and poorly smelled, which caused dissatisfaction with local residents. In general, the river in these years was an integral part of urban life.
River in captivity
In the 19th century, the river became increasingly to interfere with the life of the city, she looked out, no longer smelled and took too much space. Then the idea appeared to conclude it within the city in the stone tube. Hirura Gerasimovich Cheliev, military engineer, inventor, geodesist, was instructed to develop a draft of the appropriate structure. In the course of work on the project invented the special kind of cement, which solidifies water. A stone pipe was created, in which they sent the river's waters. Nehlinnaya Street became the roadway, which greatly facilitated the movement in the city. However, the construction of the pipe was not perfect, the river was periodically broken from captivity, especially during the period of flood. In addition, the cleaning of the pipe was a matter of troublesome and forgot about it all the time, which led to the stamps and spill of the river. At the end of the 19th century, a second collector was built to reduce the burden on the construction and prevent
Difficult 20 century
In the twentieth century, the city authorities were not prior to the arrangement of the river, there were too many other urgent problems. However, the fact that an unborn street, colored boulevard and even theatrical square with the Alexander Garden was often poured by the fascinating waters of the escaped nongin, forced the city authorities to think about the taming of the river. In 1970, a new, modern collector was built, which partly solved the problem. In 1997, during the large-scale reconstruction of the Manezhnaya Square, an imitation of a free flowing river was created. However, this is an illusion, water from the fountain is beaten here, since the state of the river does not allow it to bring it to the universal examination.
Today's day
In the late 20th and early 21st century, the Neglinka River became the object of research of Digger, who tell terrible stories about her and lead excursions under Earth. The ecological state of the river today leaves much to be desired, it smells very bad and is a constant risk of infection of Muscovites with any diseases. The water pollution is very high, there are many different impurities that are potentially dangerous for a person.
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