Ultrasonic thickness gauges are considered the most popular type of such devices due to their availability and ease of use. Moreover, there are many modifications of it, which means that both professionals and ordinary people will find a model for themselves. Let's look at the features of this device together with you.
Ultrasonic thickness gauge - measuring principle
The very name of the device already hints that the main working tool is sound wave Ultrasound frequencies. The measurement process occurs quite quickly, and it can be described as follows. There is a sensor on the body of the device that is sensitive to ultrasound; it is built into the probe, which is attached to the surface under study. Select the place where you want to measure, for example, paintwork, press the probe to the selected point, give a command to the device by pressing a button.
The probe emits an ultrasonic wave, it passes through the coating, reaches the surface below it, and reflects the impulse back. Typically, this material is metal; very often this is the main condition for the substrate for successful measurements. The reflected wave hits the probe sensor, a kind of echo, and is transformed into electrical impulse. Then the electronics digitize it and analyze it, using formulas to calculate the path, i.e. the thickness of the coating that the ultrasound managed to pass through.
This principle works not only for coatings with a metal backing, but also for measuring the thickness of the metal itself. The pulse is simply analyzed until it stops being reflected, which means that it has passed right through the metal, and hence the result is given. In general, such thickness gauges measure almost all materials popular in everyday life and industry: ceramics, plastic, glass, etc. The resolution of the method does not allow only the measurement of paper, wood, foam or, because the samples are either too thin or too wide.
The approximate measuring range starts from 0.08 mm and reaches a thickness of 635 mm, the accuracy of the most the best devices is in the region of 0.001 mm. All devices of this class rarely make an error that exceeds 3%, even the most budget ones.
Specifics of ultrasonic thickness gauge
Its first and most striking advantage is the non-destructive method of taking readings. Today it is extremely rare, except for special laboratory conditions, we have the opportunity to dissect a sample for research. We cannot cut, erase or scratch the coating in depth and then measure the thickness of the damage. This is why the ultrasound device has become so popular in many areas. But he is not the only one who does not destroy the coating when measuring; what else did he attract users with?
Indeed, this is far from its only charm, and only thanks to other advantages has it become, perhaps not always the best, but the optimal device for both the budget class (especially popular in this consumer range) and many professional fields. For example, another significant argument in its favor is the ability to measure the thickness of a coating or metal where only one side of the sample is accessible, that is, it cannot be clamped between measuring bolts. Let's say we need to measure the thickness of a pipe, naturally, attach measuring rods with outside, and then from the inside, and we cannot take a measurement. It is with the help of an ultrasonic thickness gauge that the problem is solved, since only the outer side is enough for us.
Moving on, if you have already looked at at least one catalog of measuring instruments for coating thickness, you will appreciate the compactness ultrasonic thickness gauges. The simplest ones, for household needs, generally look like calculators and easily fit in your pocket. Rarely do you find such miniature design in a line of devices with a different operating principle. In addition, you already guessed that measurements are taken quickly, and rough physical strength there is no need at all, which means that even a girl who has never specialized in this field of research can measure it. The absence of physical costs and time savings are added to the list of advantages.
Yes, the simplest thickness gauges do not require any handling skills, but what about professionals, they are unlikely to have enough of the minimum programmed functions. In this case, you need to buy a more “smart” device that has programming functions for various modes and settings. And the choice of such devices is really large, which is why the versatility of the ultrasound approach in measurement is another advantage. And, despite the intricacies of setting up a professional device, it will be possible to take measurements just the same - literally in a second.
And the last pleasant circumstance is the ability to synchronize with more organized devices for processing data arrays; you can also often find a good amount of memory and minimal statistics collection capabilities in the thickness gauge itself. But outputting and collecting results on a computer, for example, to quickly process statistical data, is a significant plus. And although ultrasound devices are not the only ones with this ability, if they did not have it, their popularity would decrease.
Ultrasonic metal thickness gauge – features of the model range
When choosing an ultrasonic metal thickness gauge, you can get a little confused, so we will try to trace the evolution of the complexity of devices on the line of metal meters. Perhaps this will simplify your reasoning when purchasing and help you find the optimal ratio of the required set of functions and price. Let's start with the simplest representative, the series A1207. This “baby” is the most affordable, has a minimal set of functions, and is very portable. It measures wall thickness with fairly reasonable requirements for their quality; it is usually assessed by roughness and radius of curvature.
Its fellow series A1208-1210 get a slightly wider range of functions, this often lies in the variety of materials measured. And models of an even higher standard like A1270 They become smarter, purchase special analyzers from the manufacturer to help, and also place even lower quality requirements on the surface; they can even tolerate the presence of a gap or unnecessary coating for measurement. This means that you do not need to completely clean and free the surface. Thickness gauges Bulat 1S And Microgage have additional functions not only in measurement, but also in the design of the housing or extended configuration, for example, the first option has several sensors, and the second model has a protected housing, which is important for electronics if you have to work in a not very dry room.
There are devices not only of high accuracy, but also with an A-scan function, which allows you to build a surface study graph, for example, episode 35. This way you can find out the residual strength of a metal subject to corrosion. Even more complex devices have their own “brains”, capable of collecting statistics and processing them, storing results, differing high accuracy and the breadth of materials studied, e.g. 37DL PLUS, but their cost is quite steep.
Hello, dear online audience of my autoblog! I’m with you again, Ilya Kulik, and in today’s article we will talk about how to use a thickness gauge paint coatings cars.
Preparing for measurement
So, you know the properties of your thickness gauge and the properties of the body of the car you are interested in. You can begin to examine it, but first you need to make some preliminary preparations.
Device calibration
For the most accurate readings, it is recommended to calibrate the thickness gauge before the measurement session. This refers to those devices that support this operation (there are so-called self-calibrating models). The point of calibration is that by using a reference measurement in special regime indicate to the device exact value manual readings.
What is needed for this? Calibrated thickness gauges are supplied with two, three or more calibration plates made of metal and plastic. The minimum that is needed for calibration is one metal plate (simulating the base of the body) and one plastic plate (simulating the paintwork of the body).
You can choose any metal plate (not necessarily from the factory kit). If the device works only on ferrous metals, then a steel ferromagnetic plate is needed, and if the device is universal, then it can additionally be calibrated using a diamagnetic aluminum plate. The main thing is that both plates have a smooth and clean surface.
But plastic calibrator plates are standards of thickness and it is better to use those included with the device. Typically this is one standard thickness of 102 microns. But sometimes several additional ones, with different thicknesses, are added to the main standard to double-check the calibration.
Calibration procedure
To carry out the calibration procedure, prepare the necessary plates (remove the protective film on new ones), turn on the device and reset the device to factory settings: usually for this you need to take a test measurement of the metal plate and press the “0” key, but this needs to be clarified in the instructions for your model .
For example, for the push button ET-111 you need to act in exactly this way, but the trigger ET-11S is reset to the initial settings when turned off, when the trigger and the “0” key are pressed simultaneously.
During this test measurement, the error level will be displayed on the screen. If this value is "0", then no calibration is required.
For any other indications, proceed according to the following points:
- Place a plastic standard on the metal plate and carefully measure the thickness.
- Press the “K” calibration mode key (“CAL” or something similar) on the instrument panel.
- Using two calibration keys (type ><) выровняйте значение на экране в соответствии с эталонным – 102 мкм (оно указано на эталонном пластике).
- Press the calibration mode key again.
- That's it, the thickness gauge is calibrated - this is a bit like setting the time/date on a car electronic watch.
You can check the installed calibration: its values should not differ from the reference ones by ±2-3 microns, which is not considered a failure.
The main calibration is carried out on a steel ferromagnetic plate. In principle, for a universal device this can be limited, but for ideal tuning, the described procedure must be carried out on an aluminum plate, in the appropriate nFe mode.
For greater clarity, watch this video, which shows the calibration process of the ETARI ET 111 thickness gauge:
Do you know what thickness of paint on your car should be? - Table of paint thickness
Your device is calibrated and ready for use. But first you need to familiarize yourself with the table, which shows the average limits of paintwork thickness for your car brand.
Here I have provided a table with basic values, but on the Internet you can find more detailed data on factory paint thicknesses. However, it is best to take these values not from tables, but from the technical documentation of the vehicle being examined.
Thickness is indicated in micrometers (μM).
You must remember that the range of factory paint thickness for most cars is 70-150 microns, and the most common values are even narrower - 80-130 microns.
But there are the following nuances:
- The factory thickness of the coating may vary on different body parts, which depends both on different technological application methods and on the physical properties of the paint. For example, in the middle of a car roof the thickness of the paintwork is usually less than at its edges.
- There may be a difference in values between different individual elements of the housing, but for symmetrical locations of paired elements it should be the same.
- Despite the permissible differences in the thickness of the factory paintwork on different elements, these values should not exceed 50 microns for the smallest and largest indicators. On average, this figure should be 20-35 microns (without taking into account the 2-4% permissible error of the thickness gauge, take this into account).
- You should also know that the factory thickness of the paintwork on the internal surfaces of the body is approximately 40-60 microns thinner than the external surfaces, keep this in mind.
You also need to take into account the features of some new models of thickness gauges. They have the useful ability to indicate to the instrument the expected range of upcoming measurements, which dramatically reduces the likelihood of errors due to hand tremors or other factors.
Useful information:
So that you have a figurative idea of the thickness of the paintwork, know that the average factory coating approximately corresponds to the thickness of a human hair, which is 75-110 microns.
Measurement procedure
The direct measurement procedure is not particularly difficult - any driver can handle it.
Here you should take into account the differences in turning on devices for different models: trigger and some pressure devices of an outdated type must be turned on without touching the sensor to the surface being examined, while modern devices automatically turn on when the sensor comes into contact with something solid.
Attention! Do not point the switched-on sensor into a person’s eyes at close range!
Everything else is pretty simple:
- Press the turned-on thickness gauge against the surface being examined, and it will display the measured readings on the screen. In trigger models, to initiate measurement you need to press and release the trigger; in push models everything happens automatically. Keep in mind that the device must be held firmly and level so that the sensor comes into contact with the enamel without distortion.
- You can examine the surface pointwise or in continuous measurement mode: without releasing the trigger or simply continuing to move the pressure device along the paintwork in the desired areas - the readings will change.
- But to derive average thickness indicators for a car, point measurements are needed: each segment is examined separately.
- The elements are conventionally divided into 5 parts (4 in the corners and 1 in the middle). Of course, you can take more measurement points, especially if there are already some suspicions in a certain area.
- For each point, 3-5 measurements are taken, which are recorded on paper or.
- Carry out each point measurement not in the same place, but in a radius of about 10-20 cm around the selected center - this will achieve greater average accuracy.
- After this, for each measurement, the arithmetic mean is calculated - the sum of the readings of all measurements of a point, divided by the number of measurements of this point (elementary school arithmetic).
- As a result, you will get 5 arithmetic average readings for each body element, by which you can judge the degree of discrepancy between the thickness and the factory parameters of local areas (roof, wings, doors, etc.).
- From these 5 indicators, you can easily calculate the arithmetic average of the thickness of the paintwork for each segment, and based on this, make a calculation for the entire machine.
And now the same thing, only more clearly:
How to use a thickness gauge first part:
What thickness values are considered a discrepancy with the factory ones?
It is not difficult to determine, using the thickness gauge readings, non-factory paint, much less puttying areas, if you know all the initial data.
The practice of examining used cars shows that usually in cases of repainting/touching up, the instrument values are 2 or 3 times higher than the standard factory ones.
In fact, we can say this: if there is a discrepancy of a hundred microns or more, then this is guaranteed not to be the original coating. Moreover, a discrepancy exceeding 160 microns indicates a putty layer.
An ordinary additional layer of paintwork adds approximately an extra 100 microns to the existing one. This means that if the overall reading is 180-260 microns, then this indicates overpainting/touching up. And if it’s higher, then it’s already painting with putty. The thickness of putty can sometimes have not micro, but macro values, which thickness gauges are not able to display on the screen due to being off scale.
How a car painter works so you don't notice anything
You also need to take into account the possibility of all sorts of tricks by auto body mechanics. For example, they can specifically reduce the factory thickness of the paintwork with abrasive polishes before painting. Because of this, in case of inept operation, the thickness gauge shows values less than the factory ones (for example, 80-90 microns from the original 110-120).
If you want to learn more details about working with a thickness gauge, then watch this video, where an experienced dealer reveals the features and secrets of such a process using the example of examining a popular model of a domestic car:
- Sometimes sellers resort to such a trick: they deliberately do not wash a dirty car in order to make it difficult to examine it with the device.
- You should know that some premium models (Mercedes and some others) have a factory paintwork thickness that is higher than usual and reaches 150-250 microns. In this case, you need to look at the documentation for the car.
- Keep in mind that for older cars, even if for some reason they still have the factory paintwork, body elements located horizontally may have a significantly low thickness, because when washing these places rub more strongly and the paint on them It becomes thinner over time, especially among those who like to keep their cars clean, which in itself is commendable, of course.
Conclusion
So, now you know how to prepare a thickness gauge for work and carry out measurements with it, taking into account all the features and nuances of this type of machine inspection. When asked whether it is worth buying and using this device, you can answer with a confident “yes”, because this will save you a tidy sum at the auction if you find broken parts that the owner was silent about.
Especially if you choose the device itself, which is inexpensive, but fully capable of accurate measurements, like All-sun EM2271- then you will be seriously armed with tools, losing almost nothing in money.
Tell us how you use the thickness gauge. If you have your own tricks, then I and everyone else will be glad to know about them. If the information is worthy, I’ll add it to the article!
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The home craftsman has to constantly deal with measuring length, width and height. An angle of 90° or 45° is also often necessary to maintain. Otherwise, it is impossible to carry out high-quality apartment repairs or make homemade products. Accuracy when performing linear measurements of 1 mm is sufficient in the vast majority of cases, and a tape measure or a simple ruler is suitable for them.
Often, tape measures have an additional bubble level, which allows you to place furniture, a refrigerator and other items horizontally. But the accuracy of this level is not high due to the small length of the tape measure’s supporting plane. In addition, the cone with an air bubble in tape measures is often not installed accurately, which does not ensure horizontalness and the work performed.
A wide range of laser measuring instruments are available for sale for measuring linear dimensions, but, unfortunately, due to the high price, they are not available to non-professionals.
Instructions
on the use of calipers (Columbus)
Calipers is a linear measuring tool used to measure the external and internal dimensions of parts, including depth, with an accuracy of 0.1 mm.
The design and principle of operation of a vernier caliper
The classic caliper is designed as follows. A movable frame is installed on the measuring rod using grooves. In order for the frame to fit tightly, a flat spring is installed inside and a screw is provided to firmly fix it. Fixation is necessary when carrying out marking work.
The bar is marked with a metric scale in 1 mm increments and numbers indicate centimeter divisions. The frame has an additional scale with 10 divisions, but with a pitch of 1.9 mm. The scale on the frame is called vernier in honor of its inventor, the Portuguese mathematician P. Nunes. The rod and frame have measuring jaws for external and internal measurements. A depth gauge ruler is additionally attached to the frame.
Measurements are taken using a clamp between the jaws of the part. After clamping, the frame is fixed with a screw so that it does not move. The number of millimeters is counted on the scale on the rod to the first vernier mark. Tenths of millimeters are counted from the vernier. Which stroke from left to right on the vernier coincides with any of the scale marks on the rod will be tenths of a millimeter.
As can be seen in the photo, the measured size is 3.5 mm, since from the zero mark of the scale on the rod to the first mark of the vernier there were 3 full divisions (3 mm) and on the vernier the fifth mark of the vernier mark coincided with the scale mark of the rod (one division on the vernier corresponds to 0.1 mm measurements).
Examples of caliper measurements
To measure the thickness or diameter of a part, you need to spread the jaws of the caliper, insert the part into them and bring the jaws together until they touch the surface of the part. It is necessary to ensure that the planes of the jaws when closing are parallel to the plane of the part being measured. The outer diameter of the pipe is measured in the same way as the size of a flat piece, only the jaws need to touch diametrically opposite sides of the pipe.
In order to measure the internal dimension in a part or the internal diameter of a pipe, the caliper has additional jaws for internal measurements. They are inserted into the hole and pushed apart until they touch the walls of the part. When measuring the internal diameters of holes, the maximum reading is achieved, and when measuring parallel sides in a hole, the minimum reading is achieved.
In some types of calipers, the jaws do not close to zero and have their own thickness, which is usually stamped on them, for example, the number “10”, although the first mark of the vernier is at the zero mark. When measuring internal holes with such a caliper, 10 mm is added to the readings on the vernier scale.
Using a Columbus-type caliper with a movable depth gauge ruler, you can measure the depth of holes in parts.
To do this, you need to completely extend the depth gauge ruler from the rod and insert it all the way into the hole. Bring the end of the caliper rod all the way into the surface of the part, while not allowing the depth gauge ruler to come out of the hole.
In the photograph, for clarity, I demonstrated how to measure the depth of the hole by placing the ruler of a caliper depth gauge on the outside of the pipe section.
Examples of marking parts with calipers
The caliper is not intended for drawing marking lines on materials and parts. But if the jaws of a caliper for external measurements are sharpened on a fine-grained emery wheel, giving them a sharp shape, as shown in the photograph, then marking with a caliper will be quite convenient.
You need to remove excess metal from the jaws very carefully and slowly, avoiding discoloration of the metal of the jaws from strong heating, otherwise you can ruin them. To speed up the work, to cool the sponges, you can periodically dip them for a short time in a container of cold water.
In order to measure a strip of sheet material with parallel sides, you need to spread the jaws of the caliper, focusing on the scale to a given size, guide one jaw along the end of the sheet, and scratch a line with the other. Since the caliper jaws are hardened, they do not wear out. You can mark both soft and hard materials (copper, brass, steel). Clearly visible risks remain.
Using sharply sharpened caliper jaws, you can easily mark a circle line. To do this, a shallow hole with a diameter of about 1 mm is made in the center, one of the jaws rests against it, and a circle line is drawn with the other.
Thanks to the refinement of the shape of the caliper jaws for external measurements, it became possible to accurately, conveniently and quickly mark parts for their subsequent machining.
How to measure with a micrometer in practice
You can obtain the size of products with an accuracy of 0.01 mm by taking measurements with a micrometer. There are many modifications, but the most common is a smooth micrometer of the MK-25 type, which provides a measurement range from 0 to 25 mm with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. It is convenient to use a micrometer to measure the diameter of the drill, the thickness of the sheet material, and the diameter of the wire.
The micrometer is a bracket, on one side of which there is a support heel, and on the other there is a stem and a high-precision thread into which a microscrew is screwed. The stem has a metric scale on which millimeters are counted. The microscrew has a second scale with 50 divisions, on which hundredths of mm are measured. The sum of these two quantities is the measured size.
In order to take a measurement with a micrometer, the part is placed between the heel and the end of the micrometer screw and rotated clockwise by the ratchet handle (located at the end of the micrometer screw drum) until the ratchet makes three clicks.
There are two scales on the stem with a step of 1 mm - the main one, digitized every 5 mm, and an additional one, shifted relative to the main one by 0.5 mm. The presence of two scales allows you to increase the accuracy of measurements.
The readings are taken as follows. First, they read how many whole millimeters, not covered by the drum, were obtained according to the digitized lower scale on the stem. Next, check on the upper scale for the presence of risks located to the right of the lower scale. If the risks are not visible, then proceed to taking readings from the scale on the drum. If the mark is visible, then another 0.5 mm is added to the whole number of millimeters obtained. The readings on the drum are measured relative to a straight line drawn along the stem between the scales.
For example, the size of the measured part is: 13 mm on the lower scale, there is an open mark on the upper scale, there is no mark to the right of the open mark on the lower scale, which means there is no need to add 0.5 mm, plus 0.23 mm on the drum scale, as a result of addition we get: 13 mm+0 mm+0.23 mm=13.23 mm.
A micrometer with a digital readout of measurement results is more convenient to use and allows measurements with an accuracy of up to 0.001 mm.
If, for example, the battery runs out, then with a digital micrometer you can take measurements in exactly the same way as with a smooth MK-25, since there is also a division reading system with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. The price of micrometers with digital readout of measurement results is high and unaffordable for a home craftsman.
How to measure a large diameter pipe
The caliper jaws, with a measuring range from 0 to 125 mm, are 40 mm long and therefore allow you to measure pipes with an outer diameter of up to 80 mm. If you need to measure a pipe of a larger diameter or if you don’t have a caliper at hand, you can use the traditional method. Wrap the pipe around the circumference with one turn of non-stretch thread or wire, measure the length of this turn using a simple ruler, and then divide the result by the number Π = 3.14. The photo shows a plastic ruler in the form of a triangle with angles of 45º and 90º, with built-in protractor. Using it, you can mark and check the accuracy of the resulting angle.
When marking metal parts, a metalworker's square is used, which provides higher measurement accuracy.
How to use a miter box
To obtain a right or 45º angle without marking, it is convenient to use a device called a miter box. Using a miter box, it is convenient to cut trims for doors, moldings, baseboards and much more to size at an angle. The cut is obtained with the required angle automatically.
It is enough to measure the length, place a strip of material between the vertical walls of the miter box and, holding it with your hand, make a cut. To obtain a high-quality end of the board, use a saw with fine teeth. A hacksaw works well for metal. It is possible to saw even varnished boards without chipping the varnish.
An angle of 45 0 when sawing using a miter box is obtained as easily as a straight one. Thanks to the high guide walls of the miter box, you can saw boards of different thicknesses.
You can buy a miter box ready-made, but it is not difficult to make it yourself from available material. It is enough to take three boards of wood or plywood of a suitable size, and screw the other two to the side ends of one of them with self-tapping screws. Make guide cuts at the required angles and the miter box device is ready.
The size of the penis is a very important nuance for a man. Every guy has measured his organ at least once or is planning to do so.
Getting accurate results is a simple task, you just need to follow the rules. But most men make mistakes and do not know how to measure their penis correctly, which often leads to incorrect results.
In contact with
Average size statistics by age
| Age | Length(cm) | Thickness(cm) |
| 12-13 | 10.5-13 | 7.5-8 |
| 14-15 | 15-16 | 9.5-10.5 |
| 16-17 | 15.5-16 | 11.5-12 |
| 18+ | 15.5+ | 12+ |
After 18 years, a man’s penis is already formed and has reached its maximum size.
Statistics that were carried out to find out what the average length of the penis in men is:
Video about statistics and sizes of the male organ:
Why is this necessary?
Basically, this is done for yourself, to calm the ego.
For the first time such a thought comes to me during my school years. The problem with penis length worries all schoolchildren in the world. And often young guys don’t know how to measure it.
The main reason why you need to know the size of your phallus is to choose the right size condom. There are a number of models that will be large or small in relation to the penis. To avoid discomfort or unexpected outcomes, it is better to know in advance how to measure your penis and remember the size of your “comrade” by heart.
What conditions to comply with?
Men think that in order to measure a “friend”, it is enough to wait for the erect state and apply a ruler to it. This approach will give the wrong result. There are a number of factors and favorable conditions for obtaining correct measurements.
- Only measure your penis at room temperature. If the room is cold, the phallus will decrease in size.
- Stress and anxiety affect the size of the phallus. During measurements, you should be calm and full of strength.
- Z perform measures only in a state of complete arousal so that the erection is as strong as possible.
It is best to measure in the morning, on a day off. During this period, the body is full of strength and the erection will be maximum.
How to measure penis length
Correct measurement of penis length occurs in several stages. The main thing is that all conditions are met.
- Measurements are taken standing, not sitting. In this state, the penis is not retracted and the entire shaft is visible.
- The penis should be parallel to the ground. To do this, you can tilt it down.
- For measurements, use a ruler or centimeter.
- We apply one edge to the pubis, and the second to the extreme point of the head. The result will be the length of the penis.
Many people measure their penis from the testicles - this is wrong. You should start measuring from the pubic area.
How to measure penis diameter
№4 – Pharmacology. There are a number of tablets on sale, their task is to increase the size of the penis.
Useful video
Video about penis size:
Anthropometric measurements make it possible to determine the level and characteristics of physical development, the degree of its correspondence to gender and age, existing deviations, as well as the level of improvement in physical development under the influence of physical exercise and various sports. Thus, anthropometry includes determining length, circumference and other indicators. Why does a person need this in life? Using anthropometric indicators, you can monitor the dynamics of physical development and the effectiveness of physical exercise. You can also learn how to determine your clothing size. Most modern computational and graphic methods of clothing design provide as initial data information about the body size (dimensional characteristics of the figure) of a person and allowances for a loose fit. Size is an alphabetic or digital code corresponding to certain linear parameters of the human body, or that part of it for which a given piece of clothing, accessory or shoe is intended. Typically, the size is printed on a tag attached to the clothing or accessory, and in the case of shoes, it may be printed on the sole or insole.
What anthropometric indicators are used to determine the size of clothes and shoes, how to measure them correctly
Height. In order to correctly measure your height, you will need outside help, a ruler and a pencil. Stand barefoot with your back to the wall, trying not to hunch over. The ruler is placed on the head, a straight line is drawn from the top of the head to the wall, where a mark is made with a pencil. Now, using a ruler or meter, calculate the distance from the floor to the mark.
Chest circumference. You will need a flexible measuring tape. Wrap a tape measure around your chest so that it goes through all the protruding points. To obtain an accurate result, repeat the measurement procedure again.
Waist circumference is also measured using a centimeter. When measuring your waist, do not pull in your stomach, otherwise the measurement will be incorrect.
Hip girth. Measured approximately 15-18 centimeters below waist level at the most protruding points of the buttocks.
Shoe size. The size of a person’s foot is determined by two parameters - the length and width of the foot. We determine our sizes. First, measure the length of your foot. It is recommended to do this at the end of the day, because... the legs trample and become larger. Stand on a piece of paper and trace your leg with a pencil. To determine your foot length, measure the distance between the farthest points on the drawing. Measure both legs and choose the longer length. Round the result to 5 mm and find your size in the table.
Table 1. Determining clothing size
Table No. 2 Determining foot size
Table No. 3 Determining shoe size
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