The level of coefficient of material reserves with its own working capital is estimated, first of all, depending on the state of material reserves. If their value is significantly higher than the substantiated need, only part of the material reserves can be covered, that is, the indicator will be less than one. On the contrary, in case of insufficiency, the enterprise of material reserves for uninterrupted carrying out activities, the indicator may be higher than the unit, but this will not be a sign of a good financial condition of the enterprise. In our case, the coefficient of material reserves with its own working capital at the beginning of the period takes a negative value, which indicates the absence of SOS capable of covering material reserves and indicates the unsatisfactory state of working capital, but by the end of the period becomes positive, so we can say that in the future the state of negotiable Funds are good.
The coefficient of self-equity maneuverability shows which part it is used to finance current activities, i.e. it is invested in working capital, and which is capitalized. The value of this indicator may noticeably vary depending on the industry affiliation of the enterprise. In the fundamental industries, its normal level should be lower than in the material consumption, since in the profiles, a significant part of its own funds is the source of coating of the main production assets. From a financial point of view, the higher the coefficient of maneuverability, the better the financial condition of the enterprise. In our case, this ratio takes a positive value at the end of the year, which also indicates a satisfactory condition of working capital.
Clean mobile means show that the enterprise will remain in the turnover, if you pay off at once all its short-term debt. The corresponding coefficient characterizes the stability of the structure of working capital, that is, the stability of the part of the balance of the balance, which is subject to the most frequent changes in the process of the current activity of the enterprise.
The coefficient of pure mobile means at the end of the period takes positive value, which indicates an unstable structure of working capital.
The following group of indicators characterizes the financial stability of the enterprise from the point of view of the state of fixed assets. When evaluating the index of a permanent asset reflecting the share of equity distracting in fixed assets and non-current assets, it should be borne in mind that the higher it is necessary to attract long-term loans and loans, or a solution to the possibility of reducing fixed assets, but first A queue of reducing other non-current assets (unfinished construction, long-term financial investments, etc.). In all cases, to improve the financial condition of the enterprise, it is desirable that sources of own funds increase to a greater extent than the cost of fixed assets and other non-current assets. The independent value of the index of the constant asset is quite limited. It must be considered only with the indicators characterizing the results of production and economic activities.
In our case, there is an increase in the index of a permanent asset when reducing profitability (see Table 3), which adversely characterizes the analyzed enterprise from a financial point of view.
The intensity of the use of various sources of funds for updating and expanding production is estimated by the coefficient of long-term attraction of borrowed funds, as well as the coefficient of accumulation of wear. Analyzing the obtained values \u200b\u200bof the long-term attraction of borrowed funds, it should be noted that for the analyzed period, the enterprise practically does not use this type of fund sources. As for the coefficient of accumulation of wear and intensity of accumulation of wear, their values \u200b\u200bwere not calculated due to the lack of relevant information about the depreciation of the main means of the analyzed enterprise.
The level of production potential of the enterprise, the availability of the production process by the means of production determines the coefficient of the real value of the property. Based on the data of economic practice, it is considered normal when the real value of the property is about 0.5 of the total value of assets. In our case, this coefficient at the end of the reporting period takes a value equal to 0.49, which indicates the normal level of the production potential of the enterprise and the availability of the production process by means of production.
The generalized characteristic of the financial stability of the liabilities of the enterprise can be given using the autonomy coefficient and the ratio of borrowed and own funds. The semantic meaning of both indicators is very close. Almost to evaluate financial stability, one of them can be used. But more clearly, the dependence of the enterprise from borrowed funds is expressed in the ratio of the ratio of borrowed and own funds. The more this ratio, the greater the dependence of the enterprise from borrowed funds, i.e., in this case, it gradually loses financial stability. It is usually considered if its value exceeds the unit, the financial stability and autonomy of the enterprise reaches a critical point. However, this is not always so unequivocal. The permissible level of dependence on borrowed funds is determined by the working conditions of each enterprise and, first of all, the speed of turnover of working capital. Therefore, in addition to calculating this coefficient, it is necessary to attract the results of calculating the speed of the turnover of material working capital and receivables for the analyzed period. If receivables turns into the faster of material working capital, this means a sufficiently high intensity of the receipt of funds to the accounts of the enterprise, i.e., in the end - an increase in own funds. Therefore, with highly turnover of material working capital and even higher receivability of receivables, the coefficient of the ratio of borrowed and own funds can significantly exceed the unit, without losing financial stability.
Analyzing the obtained values \u200b\u200bof the ratio of borrowed and own funds, it should be noted that in 2008 this indicator exceeds one. However, if you analyze the results of calculating the speed of the turnover of material working capital and receivables (see Table 9 and 10), it can be seen that receivables turns into the faster of material working capital, and this means a sufficiently high intensity of cash flow to the company's accounts. Therefore, the financial stability of the analyzed enterprise can be considered satisfactory, despite the fact that the coefficient of the ratio of borrowed and own agents is significantly higher than one.
Analysis of the state of fixed assets showed that the analyzed enterprise has a good production potential and is provided with the necessary means of production. The financial stability of the analyzed enterprise can be considered satisfactory, despite the fact that the borrowed funds significantly exceed their own.
In the analysis of the production and economic activity of any enterprise, the calculation of the coefficients affecting its financial sustainability is played, the ability to quickly respond to changes occurring in the industry, creditworthiness and liquidity of the company. This category includes the coefficient of own means.
What he denotes how it is calculated and how it affects its changes to the financial life of the company, we learn from this article.
Property ratio: Definition
In the production of each enterprise, their own working capital is required, i.e., capital, which is the property of the company. The presence of them is sufficient - one of the basic conditions for the financial freedom and sustainability of the company in the industry. And, on the contrary, the lack of such capital - the evidence that the current assets of the enterprise (and sometimes part of the production fundamental funds) are formed at the expense of borrowed funds and, if the lender (bank) suddenly wants to withdraw them, the organization is waiting for financial collapse, if not accepting timely measures.
How to calculate?
This indicator characterizing the presence and sufficiency of own agents determines the ratio of the share of these assets in the total volume of working capital of the company. At the end of each reporting period for analyzing the situation, the coefficient of provision of own means is calculated. The formula is such:
To SOS \u003d with OS / A, where from the OS is a working capital, and the corresponding assets of the company.
The size of the OS is calculated, reducing the size of equity on the value of non-current assets (main funds and intangible assets) by the formula:
From OS \u003d K - A VN
With regard to the current version of the balance sheet, the formula for calculating the coefficient looks like this:
To SOS \u003d (balance line (BO-1) 1300 - p. Bo-1,100) / pp-1,1200
Regulatory
The normal value established for the coefficient at the legislative level is\u003e 0.1, i.e. 10% of the total assets of the company and is considered one of the criteria for evaluating the dysfunctional structure of the balance of the balance with other calculated indicators. 10% is the minimum, already critical value allowed for the size of own funds in the property of the organization. It shows the presence or occurrence of problems - the critical level of sufficiency of own funds, low solvency and general destabilization of the enterprise.
Meaning and conclusions on the results of computations
The coefficient of provision of own means assesses the state of the organization in terms of its solvency.
If the value of the coefficient at the end of the reporting period is below 0.1, then the structure of the company's balance sheet is unsatisfactory, and its condition is close to critical. In this case, the company requires a serious revision of the adopted strategy, the urgent development of urgent measures to increase financial stability, identifying negative factors that influence the state of the organization. Sometimes radical measures are needed, for example, a change of manual or production profile, entering an external management (if the company is a branch of a higher organization) and others. Word, the calculation of the coefficient entails an in-depth analysis of the actual state of finance of the enterprise, its solvency and effective measures to improve the situation .
Example number 1.
We calculate the coefficient of the provision of own balance sheets using the following data:
Non-current assets (1st section of the balance - p. 1100) - 104,600 thousand rubles.
Current funds (2nd section of the balance - p. 1200) - 46,650 thousand rubles.
Capital / reserves (3rd section of the balance - p. 1300) - 129,950 thousand rubles.
To SOS \u003d (129 950 - 104 600) / 46 650 \u003d 0.54
Based on the resulting calculation result, such conclusions can be made:
The value of the coefficient is 5 times higher than the set standard (0.54 - 0.1 \u003d 0.44);
The coefficient of provision of own means 0.54 indicates that the assets of the organization own capital is 54%, i.e., exceeds half the value of property in the company;
Such provision of own means is characteristic of the company's sufficient financial stability.
Example number 2.
Calculate the asset security coefficient on the basis of other data.
Non-current assets (1st section BO-1 - p. 1100) - 98,600 thousand rubles.
Current funds (2nd section BO-1 - p. 1200) - 15,800 thousand rubles.
Capital / Reserves (3rd Section BO-1 - p. 1300) - 100,000 thousand rubles.
To SOS \u003d (100 00 - 98 600) / 15 800 \u003d 0.09
After analyzing the importance, the company's economist puts a leadership and provides relevant conclusions:
The value of the coefficient is below the critical mark by 0.01 (0.09 -, 01 \u003d - 0.01);
The coefficient of stock availability of 0.09 reserves shows a negligible amount of equity in the composition of the organization's assets - 9%;
Such provision of own means is talking about the critical situation in the company - the unsatisfactory structure of the balance, financial instability, insolvency to partners and creditors.
In conclusion, we note that it is necessary to analyze the financial condition of the enterprise on the basis of values \u200b\u200bcalculated by such an indicator as a coefficient of provision of own means. The calculation formula is not relieved, but the correct interpretation of the values \u200b\u200bobtained will help timely take measures to eliminate the crisis situation.
1. During the year, the policy of the enterprise in terms of property formation was aimed at an increase in working capital, primarily stocks - inventory-material values.
2. There are no "patients" articles: loss, overdue receivables.
3. Increased its own capital, but its share in liabilities is reduced. The overall increase in funds for the period was associated primarily with their involvement on a borrowed basis.
4. Credit and receivables do not correspond to each other. Additional analysis of the composition of receivables (especially advances issued and other debtors) and payables are required.
5. There was a rearrangement of borrowed sources associated with a sharp increase in the shares of short-term loans, that is, cheap borrowed funds were ousted more expensive.
These changes may affect the financial condition of the enterprise in the future. To determine their reasons at the next stage, the analysis of financial coefficients is carried out.
Analysis of the liquidity of the accounting balance, an assessment of solvency.
Under solvency Enterprises are understood by the possibility of cash resources to repay its payment obligations in a timely manner. The valuation of solvency is based on the characteristics liquidity current assets, i.e. The time required to turn them into cash. The concept of solvency and liquidity is very close, but the second more capacious. The degree of liquidity balance depends on solvency.
Analysis of the liquidity of the balance is to compare funds on the asset grouped by the degree of decreasing liquidity with short-term liability obligations that are grouped by their repayment.
All balance assets are divided into 4 groups:
|
The most liquid assets |
Short-term financial investments and cash (p. 1240 + p. 1250 balance) |
|
|
Rapidly realized assets |
Accounts receivable (payments for which are expected within 12 months after the reporting date) - (p. 1230) |
|
|
Slowly realized assets |
Reserves, VAT, receivables (payments on which are expected more than 12 months after the reporting date) Other revolving assets (p. 1210 + 1220 +1260) |
|
|
It is difficult to implement assets |
Non-current assets (p. 1100) |
All liabilities are also divided into 4 groups:
The tables present the classical grouping of property and obligations. Some modern financial analysis techniques produce a different grouping. For example, it is believed that the income of future periods should be included in their own capital of the organization or long-term receivables, in fact, the accuracy of the asset. Each company has the right to choose its calculation method. This material will feature only the general principles of the relevant settlements and the formulation of conclusions on the results obtained.
To determine the liquidity of the balance, you should compare the results of the above asset groups and the liabilities.
The balance is considered absolutely liquid if the following ratios are performed:
To verify the execution of this relationship on the analyzed enterprise, a table is compiled.
Analysis of the liquidity of the balance
|
The magnitude of the indicators |
The magnitude of the indicators |
||||
|
Start of year |
The end of the year |
Start of year |
The end of the year |
||
|
1. The most liquid assets A1 |
1. The most urgent obligations p 1 | ||||
|
2. Astraalizable assets A2. |
2. Accurable liabilities p 2 | ||||
|
3. Mental-rewarded assets A3. |
3.Chocked liabilities p 3 | ||||
|
4. Supported A4 assets |
4. Passive liabilities p 4 | ||||
Based on the table data, conclusions are made.
If the first three inequalities are performed, this entails fulfillment and fourth, which indicates the observance of one of the conditions for the financial stability of the enterprise - the availability of its own working capital.
Comparison of the first and second groups of assets with the first two groups of liabilities show current liquidity, which indicates the solvency of the enterprise to the nearest time in question.
Current liquidity is defined as follows:
TL \u003d (A1 + A2) - (p1 + p2)
If the value of current liquidity is negative, the enterprise is considered insolvent.
A comparison of the results of the asset 3 of the Group reflects the ratio of payments and revenues in the future, thereby determined by the forecast of solvency.
The perspective liquidity is calculated:
PL \u003d A3 - P3.
Thus, it is possible to determine whether the organization is able to restore its solvency in the future.
The balance sheet analysis carried out in a similar way is still approximate. The coefficient analysis of solvency is considered more detailed.
Liquidity indicators characterize the short-term solvency of the enterprise, its ability to pay on time with debts and finance current activities. Insufficiently high liquidity values \u200b\u200bmay indicate the threat of bankruptcy, at the same time, as unnecessary high liquidity means that the organization attracts too many funds into circulation, reducing its potential profitability.
The following are the following:
1. The ratio of absolute liquidity Shows the share of short-term debt, which an enterprise can repay in the near future due to absolutely liquid assets. Characterizes the solvency of the enterprise at the date of the balance sheet.
Regulatory value 
0.2-0.5, that is, every day the company must repay at least 20% of accounts payable. Low value indicates a decrease in the solvency of the enterprise.
2. TO oeffusion of rapid (critical, urgent) liquidity - shows the projected payment capabilities of the enterprise, subject to timely settlement with debtors.
The ratio of funds and short-term financial investments plus the amounts of mobile tools in settlements with debtors to current liabilities.
Regulatory value 
0.8-1.0. Low value indicates the need for constant work with debtors in order to ensure the possibility of circulation of the most liquid part of working capital in a monetary form for calculations.
3. The coefficient of current liquidity (coatings) shows the sufficiency of working capital, which can be used by the enterprise to repay their obligations, which part of current funds on loans and calculations can be paid off, mobilizing all working capital.
The ratio of current assets (working capital) to current liabilities (short-term liabilities).
Regulatory value 1.0 
2.0. The lower limit indicates that working capital should be enough to cover short-term liabilities. Exceeding more than 2 times indicates an irrational investment of funds and ineffective use.
4. Coefficient of "Liquidation Prices" determines to what extent will the entire external obligations of the enterprise as a result of its liquidation and sales of property. The ratio of all assets of the enterprise to the magnitude of external obligations.
Regulatory value 
1.0. The low value of the indicator indicates the insufficiency of the available assets to cover the external obligations of the analyzed enterprise.
5. Common liquidity ratio The balance is used for a comprehensive assessment of the liquidity of the balance as a whole. With this coefficient, an assessment of changes in the financial situation on enterprises in terms of liquidity; It makes it possible to compare the balances of the analyzed enterprise related to various reporting periods, as well as the balances of various enterprises and find out which balance is most eliminated.
The attitude of all liquid funds of the enterprise to the sum of all payment obligations, provided that various groups of liquid funds and payment obligations are included in the specified amounts with weight categories.
Regulatory value 
1.0. This coefficient is a generalizing indicator of the liquidity of the economic entity and is applied when choosing a more reliable partner from a plurality of potential reporting partners.
All calculated indicators should be reduced to the table.
Liquidity coefficients
|
The name of indicators |
Start of year |
The end of the year |
The change |
Regulatory value |
|
1. The ratio of absolute liquidity | ||||
|
2. Fast liquidity ratio | ||||
|
3. Current coefficient | ||||
|
4. The coefficient "Liquidation prices" | ||||
|
5. Common liquidity ratio |
Different liquidity indicators not only provide a versatile characteristic of the sustainability of the financial condition of the enterprise with different degrees of liquid funds, but also meet the interests of various external users of analytical information. So, for suppliers of raw materials and materials, the most interesting ratio of absolute liquidity is most interesting. The Bank, crediting an enterprise, pays more attention to the rapid liquidity ratio. Buyers and shareholders and bonds of the enterprise more exercise the financial stability of the enterprise on the current liquidity ratio. Of course, first of all, liquidity indicators should be interesting to managers and financial employees of the enterprise.
In general, the analyzed business entity can be attributed, using these coefficients, to a particular class of creditworthiness. But the difficulty lies in the fact that:
The regulatory values \u200b\u200bof liquidity coefficients for organizations of various sectoral affiliation are not established;
The relative significance of estimated indicators is not defined and there is no algorithm for calculating a summary criterion.
If the enterprise has poor liquidity indicators, but they are not lost financial stability, then it has chances to get out of the difficult position. But if liquidity indicators and financial sustainability indicators are unsuccessful, then such an economic entity is a likely bankrupt candidate.
Determination of financial stability.
One of the main tasks of analyzing the financial and economic condition of the enterprise is the study of indicators characterizing its financial stability. It is determined by the degree of stocks and costs with its own and borrowed sources of their formation, the ratio of the volume of eigen and borrowed funds and is characterized by the absolute and relative indicators. Stability serves as a pledge of survival and the basis of the stability of the position of the enterprise, but can also contribute to the deterioration of the financial condition under the influence of external and internal factors.
In this way, financial stability - The result of the presence of a certain stock of the strength that protects the enterprise from accidents and sharp changes in external factors.
Lost financial sustainability means that this enterprise in the future expects bankruptcy with all the consequences arising from here until its liquidation, if operational and effective measures to restore financial sustainability are not accepted.
Analysis of financial stability is carried out using absolute and relative indicators.
Absolute indicator Financial stability is a correspondence, or a mismatch (surplus or disadvantage) sources of funds for the formation of reserves of reserves, obtained in the form of a difference between the size of the sources of funds and the amount of reserves. This refers to the provision of reserves with sources of own and borrowed funds.
For analyzing financial stability, balance is drawn up in aggregated form.
Aggregated Balance
|
The magnitude of the indicators |
The magnitude of the indicators |
||||
|
Start of year |
The end of the year |
Start of year |
The end of the year |
||
|
1. The factory assets F. |
1. Especially capital and with | ||||
|
2. Current assets R |
2. Capital | ||||
|
Stocks and costs z |
- long-term commitments to t | ||||
|
Short-term commitments to T | |||||
The company has financial stability if the following condition is satisfied:
To characterize sources of stock formation and costs, several indicators are used, reflecting a different degree of coverage of different types of sources:
Availability of own working capital - characterizes pure working capital. Its increasing compared with the previous period indicates the further development of the activities of the enterprise or the action of inflation factor, as well as the slowdown in their turnover, which objectively causes the need to increase their mass. The presence of own working capital is used for investors and creditors with a positive indicator.
The presence of own and long-term borrowed sources of stock formation and costs - The value of this indicator indicates not only how current assets exceed the current obligations, but also how non-current assets are funded at the expense of own funds of the organization and long-term loans. Net working capital is necessary to maintain the financial stability of the enterprise, as the excess of working capital over short-term obligations means that the enterprise not only can repay them, but also has financial resources to expand activities in the future.
The total magnitude of the main sources of stock formation and costs - rational formation of reserves and costs due to the total value of the main sources of funds has a positive effect on the course of production, the financial results and solvency of the enterprise.
Surplus or lack of own working capital
The calculation of indicators is carried out according to the following formulas:
Excess (+) or disadvantage (-) of own working capital (e (e):
where SC - own capital (p.1300),
F - non-current assets (p.1100),
Z - reserves, including VAT on acquired values \u200b\u200b(pp.1210,1220).
Reflects the value of its own working capital, t.ch. Funds owned by the organization for coating stocks and costs. To diagnose financial state, it is important to investigate the dynamics of changes in this value. In a financial position, both the lack and surplus of their own working capital are adversely affected. The lack of these funds can lead the company to bankruptcy due to its inability to repay short-term obligations in a timely manner.
2. Excess (+) or a disadvantage of own working capital and long-term borrowed funds for stock formation and costs (E T):
where K T is a long-term borrowed capital.
This is the optimal sum of the excess of own working capital and long-term borrowed funds for the formation of stocks and costs depends on the peculiarities of the enterprise's activities, in particular from its size, the volume of implementation, the speed of the turnover of logistical reserves and receivables, the conditions for the provisions of loans, industry specifics, etc.
3. Excess (+) or disadvantage of the total value of the main sources of funds for the formation of reserves (E σ):
where to T - short-term loans and loans.
Financial instability is considered admissible if the following conditions are observed: production reserves plus finished products are equal to or exceed the sum of short-term loans and borrowed funds involved in stock formation; Incomplete production plus expenditures of future periods are equal to or less than the amount of their own working capital.
Calculation of three indicators of stock availability sources of their formation makes it possible to classify situations to their sustainability. When determining the type of financial situation, a three-dimensional (three-component) indicator is used.
where the function is defined as follows:
Using these formulas, you can select four types of financial situations.
1. Absolute financial stability, it is set
This type indicates that stocks and costs are fully covered with their own working capital, high solvency, no dependence on creditors. In practice, it rarely happens. This type of stability cannot be considered as ideal, since the company in this case does not use external sources of financing in its economic activity.
2. Normal financial stability
Three-dimensional indicator of the situation: 
The source of cost coverage is their own working capital and long-term borrowed sources. With normal sustainability, guaranteeing solvency, the company optimally uses its own and credit resources, current assets and payables.
3. Unstable financial condition
Three-dimensional indicator of the situation: 
The source of cost coverage is the total source value. It is characterized by a violation of solvency: in this case, the enterprise is forced to attract additional sources of reserves and costs, a decrease in production yield is observed. Nevertheless, there are still opportunities to improve the situation.
4. Crisis Financial Condition
Three-dimensional indicator of the situation: 
In this situation, there are existence of overdue payables and receivables and the inability to repay it on time. Cash, short-term securities and receivables do not cover even payables and overdue loans. With a repeated repetition of such a position in the market conditions, the company faces bankruptcy.
All the above indicators can be represented as a table.
Table of indicators by type of financial situations.
|
Indicators |
Types of financial situations |
|||
|
Absolute stability |
Normal stability |
Unstable state |
Crisis Condition |
|
|
ΔE S.< 0 |
||||
|
ΔE T.< 0 |
||||
|
Δ e σ\u003e 0 |
Δ e σ\u003e 0 |
Δ e σ\u003e 0 |
Δ E Σ.< 0 |
|
The absolute and normal stability of the financial state is characterized by a high level of profitability and the lack of violation of financial discipline.
An unstable financial condition is characterized by the presence of financial discipline, interruptions in the receipt of funds for the current account, decrease in the profitability of the enterprise.
For the crisis financial condition, in addition to the indicated signs of an unstable financial situation, the presence of regular non-payments (overdue loans of banks, overdue debts to suppliers, the presence of arrears in the budget).
Financial coefficients are calculated to assess the financial state, which are analyzed in dynamics and are compared with regulatory values.
1. Property ratio of own working capital Shows the availability of the enterprise of its own working capital necessary for its financial stability. It is a criterion for determining insolvency (bankruptcy). The higher the indicator, the better the financial condition of the enterprise, the greater the possibilities of the independent financial policy. It is defined as the ratio of their own working capital to the total amount of working capital of the enterprise.
Regulatory value 
0,1.
2. The coefficient of material reserves with its own means Shows the degree of coating of material reserves by its own means, as well as the need to attract borrowings. It is defined as the ratio of their own working capital to the magnitude of stocks and costs.
Regulatory value 
0,6-0,8.
3. Coefficient of own capital maneuverability Shows the ability of the enterprise to maintain the level of own working capital and replenish the working capital at the expense of its own revolving sources. The closer the value of the indicator to the upper border, the greater the possibility of financial maneuver. It is defined as the ratio of their own working capital to the overall size of sources of own funds (own capital).
Regulatory value 
0,2-0,5.
4. The coefficient of autonomy characterizes independence from borrowed funds. Determines the proportion of enterprise owners in the total amount of funds. The higher the value of the coefficient, the more stable enterprise, and the less it depends on external creditors. Determined by the ratio of the total amount of all means of the enterprise to sources of own funds.
Regulatory value 
0,5.
5. Ratio ratio of borrowed and equity (or finance lever shoulder). Shows how many borrowed funds attracted an enterprise by 1 ruble, invested in assets of own funds. Exceeding the specified border means the dependence of the enterprise from external sources of funds. Loss of financial sustainability (autonomy). Determined by the attitude of all obligations to its own funds.
Regulatory value< 0,7.
6. The coefficient of financial sustainability . Shows the proportion of its own captal and long-term borrowed capital in the balance currency.
Regulatory value \u003d 0.9
All of the above indicators are presented in the table.
Fund of financial stability.
|
The name of indicators |
Start of year |
The end of the year |
The change |
Regulatory value |
|
1. Property ratio of own working capital | ||||
|
2. The coefficient of material reserves with its own means | ||||
|
3. The coefficient of own capital maneuverability | ||||
|
4. Autonomy coefficient | ||||
|
5. The coefficient of the ratio of borrowed and equity (lever) | ||||
|
6. The coefficient of financial stability. |
One of the most important characteristics of the stability of the financial condition of the enterprise, its independence from borrowed sources of funds is the autonomy coefficient. Value 
\u003e 0,5 shows that all the obligations of the enterprise can be covered with its own means. Restriction 
\u003e 0.5 It is important not only for the enterprise itself, but also for its creditors. The growth of the autonomy coefficient indicates an increase in the financial independence of the enterprise, reducing the risk of financial difficulties in future periods. Such a tendency from the point of view of creditors increases the guarantees of the repayment by the company's obligations.
The autonomy coefficient complements the coefficient of the ratio of borrowed and own funds 
. It indicates how many borrowed funds attracted an enterprise by 1 rub., Invested in assets of own funds. If borrowed capital approaches his own or becomes more, then financial stability is reduced. The value of this coefficient depends on the industry features and inflation levels.
A very significant characteristic of the stability of the financial state is the coefficient of maneuverability. 
. It shows which part of the enterprise's own funds is in a mobile (flexible) form that allows you to relatively freely maneuver with these means. The high value of the coefficient of maneuverability is positively characterized by a financial condition, but there are no indicator in the practice of normal values. Sometimes in the special literature as the optimal value of the coefficient, the value of 0.5 is recommended. Indicator as the coefficient of financial stability 
it is advisable to use to analyze the work of enterprises of one industry affiliation.
Overcoming financial instability is very not easy: time and investment is necessary. For a chronically "patient" enterprise that has lost financial sustainability, any negative confluence of circumstances can lead to a fatal junction - bankruptcy.
- financial indicator characterizing the sustainability of the business model of the enterprise in many aspects. What is its value and how is the corresponding indicator calculated?
What shows the coefficient of material reserves?
The coefficient under consideration refers to key indicators of the financial sustainability of the company: it allows you to evaluate whether the working capital enterprise has enough from the point of view of ensuring the optimal level of material reserves.
In the general case, the coefficient reflects the ratio of its own working capital of the firm to its material reserves during the period analyzed. In turn, its own working capital can develop from equity and long-term liabilities reduced on non-current assets. In some cases, future periods are also added to the magnitude of their own capital and long-term obligations.
A variant in which the coefficient will be considered as the ratio of the difference between current assets and short-term obligations to reserves.
There are quite a few approaches and criteria, in accordance with which the amount of stocks in the organization is determined. Russian accountants at the same time use international experience and determine the structure of reserves, thus, in accordance with the criteria of the IFSO.
Stock Property: Formula
In general, the formula for calculating the corresponding indicator will look like this:
Ko \u003d os / s,
Coefficient of security;
OS - own working capital of the company;
W - stocks.
In turn, the OS indicator is determined by the formula
OS \u003d (SK + to) - in,
SC - equity;
Before - long-term obligations;
In - non-current assets.
By the amount of SC and to in the specified formula, as we noted above, an indicator reflecting the magnitude of the income of future periods is to be added, "call it DBP.
The second version of the formula factory Property Property Own It assumes how we noted above, consideration of the corresponding coefficient as a ratio of the difference between current assets and short-term debt to reserves. In this case, the formula for its calculation will look like this:
KO \u003d (OA - KO) / s,
OA - non-current assets of the company as a whole;
Co. - short-term obligations.
The specific values \u200b\u200bon the above indicators are taken from the accounting balance of the company, taking into account the following correspondences:
- the indicator corresponds to the line 1210 of Form No. 1, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of 02.07.2010 No. 66n;
- sC - line 1300;
- indicator to - line 1400;
- dBP indicator - line 1530;
- indicator V - Row 1100;
- oA - line 1200;
- kO - Row of 1500.
It can be noted that the cost of raw materials and materials that have been processed, but were not written off in the cost of produced by the accounting balance sheet (on line 1210). In this case, we are talking about the remains of unfinished production.
You can get acquainted with the peculiarities of the inclusion of unexploded production residues. You can in the article. .
Material Property Coefficient: Interpretation
The optimal value of the coefficient under consideration is 0.6-0.8. This means that about 60-80% of the material reserves of the company produced or purchased with the help of equity. If this indicator is less, this may indicate an excessive credit burden on the business.
If he is larger, then, perhaps, the company's own capital is not invested too efficiently (but this, of course, is a very controversial interpretation, it is valid that in cases where the loan rates are significantly lower than business profitability).
Actually the fact that the company has a sufficient amount of capital to ensure the necessary volumes of material reserves, reduces its need for loans. In general, the higher the coefficient under consideration, the more investment can be an enterprise.
In some cases, the coefficient can also take a negative value. As a rule, it denotes the fact that the revolving capital indicator of the company is negative. Most often, this situation arises if the company has a high credit burden, but in the company's business model there may be an operational conversion of stocks into revenue - if their turnover is characterized by good dynamics. If so, then the negative coefficient of security in the company will be considered the norm.
Thus, the standard for this coefficient can be determined taking into account the specifics of the company's business model.
The coefficient whose calculation we considered is best to compare in the dynamics. For example, using data on accounting balances in different years. Distribution recorded in one period can be compensated by a sharp increase in the value of the corresponding indicator into other time intervals, therefore its average value may well be considered an appropriate optimal level. Investors, studying financial stability indicators similar to the ratio of stocks, as a rule, make decisions on the basis of their consideration in the context of comparison with the results of the enterprise activities in different periods.
RESULTS
The coefficient of material reserves with its own means - An indicator relating to the fact that it can evaluate the current state of affairs in the company: what it is above, the usually sustainable business model of the enterprise. But it is quite possible to successfully develop a business even with its negative values \u200b\u200b- for example, if an enterprise produces products with a high turnover coefficient.
You can learn more about the use of various indicators on logistical reserves in the organization of business management in articles:
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