Creation and registration of a private institution (opening of an educational, scientific, cultural, medical and sports institution). Creation of a training center

* Calculations are based on average data for Russia

Part one: legal subtleties

Currently, psychology as a science and as a specialization has become incredibly widespread. The number of practical psychologists today is slightly inferior to the number of managers, economists and lawyers. At the same time, unfortunately, the quality of modern special education is gradually declining, as experts say.

It is very difficult to get a job for a newly minted psychologist who has just graduated from a university: in most companies there are no such vacancies, and there is usually a high competition for the available (and not always profile) vacancies. Therefore, most of the graduates who want to work in their specialty think about conducting a private practice. However, even their more experienced colleagues who have worked for several years in the "psychological field" sooner or later come to the idea of ​​opening their own private office. If you have sufficient funds and confidence in your abilities (and, ideally, reliable colleagues who can become business partners), a specialist with a psychological education can try to open a whole psychological center, where individual consultations, group sessions, trainings and seminars will be held. Finally, the most "aerobatics" in psychological practice is the center of additional education in the field of psychology. What is the difference between a center for continuing education and other types of similar businesses, and what organizational issues will its founders have to solve?

Type of the future center: additional or additional professional education?

First, let's try to understand the terms and specifics of such establishments. There are several types of additional education. In particular, this includes additional education for children and adults and additional vocational education. Additional education for children and adults "Aimed at the formation and development of creative abilities of children and adults, meeting their individual needs for intellectual, moral and physical improvement, the formation of a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle, health promotion, as well as organizing their free time"(Ch. X, Art. 75, Clause 1 of Law No. 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation"), and is carried out within the framework of additional general education programs, which are divided into general developmental and pre-professional. Additional general developmental programs are implemented for both children and adults. Additional pre-professional programs in the field of arts, physical education and sports are implemented for children. Anyone can take training in various additional general education programs, but formally it is not accompanied by an increase in the level of education with the issuance of an appropriate document. In this case, there are no requirements for the level of education already available to students (although the law contains a proviso: “unless otherwise is stipulated by the specifics of the educational program being implemented” - Chapter X, Art. 75, Clause 3 of Law No. 273-FZ “On education in the Russian Federation ").

And here additional professional education is addressed to those people who already have basic secondary or higher vocational education and / or who are in the process of obtaining such, and “Is aimed at meeting educational and professional needs, professional development of a person, ensuring that his qualifications correspond to the changing conditions of professional activity and the social environment. Additional professional education is carried out through the implementation of additional professional programs (advanced training programs and professional retraining programs) "(Ch. X, Art. 76, Clause 1-2 of Law No. 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation"). Additional professional programs are developed taking into account professional standards, qualification requirements specified in qualification guides for relevant positions, professions and specialties, or qualification requirements for professional knowledge and skills necessary for the performance of job duties, which are established in accordance with federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation on public service. Professional retraining programs are based on the established qualification requirements, professional standards and the requirements of the corresponding federal state educational standards of secondary vocational and (or) higher education for the results of the development of educational programs (Chapter X, Art. 76, Clause 9-10 of Law No. 273-FZ "On education in the Russian Federation").

The system of additional professional education includes the following types of training: additional to higher education with the issuance of a diploma "On additional (higher) education", professional retraining with the issuance of a state diploma "On professional retraining", advanced training with the issuance of a certificate of short-term programs from 72 to 100 academic hours and certificates of advanced training for programs from 100 to 500 academic hours, internships with the issuance of a certificate of short-term advanced training, courses, trainings, seminars and master classes with the issuance of a certificate.

So, summing up all of the above, one could conclude that additional education in our case refers to professional. However, if you are not going to open a "real" educational institution that will deal with full-fledged professional retraining and training of specialists (this will require very large investments, and there is no need to implement the tasks in this form), then the first option will be the best - center for continuing education, specializing in... The overwhelming majority of such educational centers indicate "the implementation of additional educational programs (general developmental)" as the subject of their activity. It would seem a paradox: they are focused on people with a special secondary or higher education, but at the same time they do not have a “professional orientation” written in the name. Moreover, since such educational organizations do not have state accreditation in the areas taught by them, they are not entitled to issue state-recognized documents - a certificate of advanced training and (or) a diploma of professional retraining. Accreditation is a process as a result of which the conformity of the quality of the services provided to a specific established standard is officially confirmed. State standards in the field of education are established by the Ministry of Education.

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However, without a "piece of paper" students of the centers of additional education, of course, will not be left either. According to the law, if an educational institution does not have state accreditation for the educational programs it implements, then, in accordance with the license, it issues documents on the relevant education and (or) qualifications of the established form to persons who have passed the final certification. The form of such documents is determined by the educational institution itself. As a rule, these are certificates, certificates and certificates. These documents are certified by the seal of the educational institution.

Registration of an educational institution

Whichever additional education option you choose, the activity you intend to pursue will still be educational-related.

According to the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation", educational activities are entitled to:

educational organizations, which include non-profit organizations that carry out educational activities on the basis of a license as the main type of activity in accordance with the goals for the achievement of which such organizations were created;

• legal entities carrying out on the basis of a license, along with the main activity, educational activities as an additional type of activity;
  
• individual entrepreneurs, both carrying out individual pedagogical activities and attracting hired pedagogical workers.

It should be mentioned here that the early version of the law, which was in force before September 1, 2013, excluded commercial organizations from the educational process, that is, LLCs, CJSCs, OJSCs and similar legal entities, the purpose of which was to make a profit, were not entitled to conduct educational activities.

According to Part 3 of Art. 32 of the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation", cannot be admitted to teaching activities and are not entitled to carry out educational activities as individual entrepreneurs, specified in Part 2 of Art. 331 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, namely:

do not have an educational qualification, which is determined in the manner prescribed by law;

deprived of the right to engage in pedagogical activity in accordance with a court verdict that has entered into legal force;

• who have or have had a criminal record, are subject to or have been subjected to criminal prosecution (with the exception of persons whose criminal prosecution has been terminated on rehabilitating grounds) for crimes against life and health, freedom, honor and dignity of the individual (except for illegal placement in a psychiatric hospital, libel and insults ), sexual inviolability and sexual freedom of the individual, against the family and minors, public health and public morality, the foundations of the constitutional system and state security, as well as against public safety;
• having an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for intentional grave and especially grave crimes;
• recognized as incompetent in accordance with the procedure established by federal law;
  
• having diseases provided for by the list approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare.

Registration of a private educational institution

For a small center, an individual entrepreneur can become the optimal organizational and legal form of carrying out its activities. Centers, which will offer a large number of different programs and attract additional specialists for work, are recommended to register as a private educational institution (PLE), which were previously called non-state educational institutions (NEI).

Note that a private educational institution can be created only as a non-profit organization, that is, all of its activities serve to satisfy statutory goals, and not to make a profit, as, for example, the activities of an LLC or OJSC. The profit of the private educational institution can be directed to current activities (for example, the payment of salaries, etc.) and for the purposes stipulated by the charter of the private educational institution. A private institution is created by the owner for the implementation of educational (in our case) purposes. An individual (citizen), a legal entity (organization), the Russian Federation (state), a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (region, territory, republic), a municipal entity (government, prefecture, administration) have the right to act as the owner of such an institution.

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A private institution can be established by individuals and organizations. Most educational organizations are created in the arbitrarily named forms of a private institution, namely: a non-state educational institution of higher professional education, a non-profit educational institution of additional education (the most suitable option for the form we are interested in), a private educational institution of secondary vocational education and other variations of names.

The registration of private institutions is handled by the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation and the Federal Tax Service, within their competence. The Ministry of Justice examines the constituent documents of a private institution, makes a decision to refuse registration or a decision to register a private institution. The tax authority enters information on the establishment of a private institution in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities. Urgent registration of a private institution can be made in a shorter timeframe if there are significant circumstances for this. The legal deadline for the opening and state registration of a private institution is one and a half months, if, of course, all submitted documents are in order.

The founder of a private institution is the owner of the property of this institution. However, the owner of the property of a private institution is not always its founder. The location of a private institution is determined by its place of state registration. The legal address for a private institution is the location of the executive governing body of a non-profit organization. The actual address of a private institution should not differ from the legal address. The head (director) of this institution must be located at the address of the location of a private institution, and all constituent documents of the NCO must be kept at the indicated address. Fortunately, when setting up a private institution, it is possible to register at the home address of the founder or head of the NPO.

Let us repeat one more feature of the private educational institution that is very important for entrepreneurs: such an institution is not a commercial... Although private institutions have the right to engage in income-generating activities (entrepreneurial activity), but only if this is provided for by the constituent documents of a private institution, therefore it is so important to correctly draw up the charter of your organization. A private institution, according to the current legislation, cannot have an authorized or share fund, as well as authorized or joint capital. Changes in the composition of founders in a private institution are currently not registered.

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The registration period for private educational institutions is up to one month, and the cost of registration with the help of an intermediary firm is from 12 thousand rubles plus 4 thousand rubles a fee. After the initial registration of a private institution, the registering authority issues a certificate of state registration of a legal entity and a certificate of registration of a non-profit organization, containing information on the assignment of the OGRN and an NCO account number. Tax registration of a private institution with the assignment of a TIN is carried out in a one-window mode.

For such activities, the OKVED code 80.42 is suitable. Adult education and other types of education not included in other groups. This class includes: education for adults who do not study in the system of regular general education or higher professional education. Teaching can take place in daytime or evening classes in schools or in special institutions for adults. The curricula can include both general education and special subjects, for example, computer education for adults; additional education in order to fully meet the educational needs of citizens, society, the state, carried out in educational institutions of additional education, as well as through individual pedagogical activities; all types of training on radio, television, computer networks, etc.

A private institution also needs to be registered with the Pension Fund of Russia (PFR), the Social Insurance Fund (FSS), the Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund (MHIF), as well as statistics bodies. Such an institution must have a seal that complies with the norms of Russian legislation, taking into account the requirements for the use of the name of the institution, its symbols and other means of visual identification of the NPO (emblem, coat of arms, flag, anthem, etc.).

Educational organization charter

The basic requirements for the charters of an educational organization are enshrined in Art. 25 of Federal Law No. 273 "On Education in the Russian Federation". These include an indication in the charter of the type of educational organization; on the founder or founders of the educational organization; enumeration of the types of educational programs being implemented, indicating the level of education and (or) focus; establishment of the structure, formation procedure, term of office and competence of the governing bodies of the educational organization, the procedure for making decisions and speaking on behalf of the educational organization. The latter provision is also specified in Part 5 of Art. 26.

However, this article does not limit all the rules governing the content of the charters of educational organizations. There are also additional norms that can be divided into three groups:

• norms establishing mandatory requirements that complement the requirements of Art. 25 and apply to all educational organizations;
• norms establishing mandatory requirements that relate to certain types or varieties of educational organizations;
• rules that define the areas that can be regulated by the charter.

The first group includes the following requirements: consolidation of norms on branches (if any) (part 4 of article 27); the procedure for the adoption of local acts (part 1 of article 28 and part 1 of article 30); the establishment of the rights, duties and responsibilities of employees of educational organizations holding positions of engineering and technical, administrative, economic, production, educational and auxiliary, medical and other workers performing auxiliary functions (part 3 of article 52); determination of the statutory goals of activity (part 1 of article 101); the procedure for the direction in the liquidation of an educational organization of its property after the satisfaction of creditors' claims for the development of education (part 3 of article 102).

Separately, in this group, it is necessary to highlight the norms providing for the concretization of the structure, the procedure for formation, the term of office and competence of the management bodies of the educational organization, the procedure for making decisions and speaking on behalf of the educational organization, as well as the participation of certain groups of participants in educational relations in the management of the educational organization.

There are a lot of nuances in the establishment of a private educational institution and the conduct of its activities, so be prepared for additional costs for a lawyer and accountant. Moreover, the latter will have to be taken to the state.

Licensing of educational activities

And there is one more important nuance that must be taken into account when registering a training center (or rather, one of the main conditions for running such a business). Educational activities carried out by legal entities, as well as individual entrepreneurs who attract teachers, subject to compulsory licensing... This condition means that if you are going to teach in your center as an individual entrepreneur and independently, without involving other teachers, then you can do without a license. However, this option is unlikely to be possible for a full-fledged center of continuing education in the field of psychology. This option is more suitable for tutors, tutors, teachers who teach in private, etc.

The procedure for licensing educational activities carried out by educational organizations, organizations providing training, as well as individual entrepreneurs (with the exception of individual entrepreneurs who carry out educational activities independently without hiring other teachers) is established by the relevant Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation. According to the Decree of October 28, 2013 N 966, educational services for the implementation of the following educational programs are subject to compulsory licensing: additional general education programs (additional general developmental programs), additional general education programs (additional pre-professional programs), additional professional advanced training programs, additional professional professional retraining programs (the last two types of programs are relevant for centers of additional vocational education).

The implementation of additional general development programs is very strictly regulated by the Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of August 29, 2013 No. 1008 "On approval of the Procedure for organizing and carrying out educational activities for additional general education programs."

In the issue of licensing activities in the field of additional education, certain nuances in the interpretation of the law arise. The fact is that, according to the previously effective decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, educational activities clearly did not include holding seminars, trainings, lectures, exhibitions, providing consultations, etc., if at the end of such events, students were not given documents (diplomas, certificates, , certificates, etc.) about the education received or about the qualifications awarded. This provision is absent in the new law. And this is where the freedom to interpret the absence of explicitly prescribed permissions or prohibitions in the law opens up. On the one hand, the conclusion about whether this or that activity belongs to educational, whether or not to obtain a license for its implementation, must be made on the basis of the above list, which is quite wide (Article 91, paragraph 1 of the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation ») And includes basic educational programs and additional educational programs, including additional professional training programs. But, on the other hand, professional development programs do not include services for conducting paid lectures, seminars and trainings if the duration of the event is less than 16 hours, the conditions of the event do not provide for the final certification of students, as well as the issuance of a qualification document (p. Clauses 12 and 19 of the "Procedure for organizing and carrying out educational activities for additional professional programs", approved by Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated 01.07.2013 N 499).

Thus, if you conduct seminars, trainings, lectures, consultations with the duration of each "session" less than 16 hours, then theoretically you can not apply for a license and at the same time issue certificates to your listeners. But these "documents" will only confirm the fact of the presence of a certain person at a training or lecture (that is, in fact, this is an ordinary certificate of presence, and not about receiving any additional education or advanced training) and will not have any legal force.

If you still plan to obtain a license for educational activities, then prepare the following list of documents:

The identity document of the applicant (passport or other identity document) - the original;

• A copy of the charter - a notarized copy of the charter;
• A copy of the certificate of making an entry about a legal entity in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities - a notarized copy or an original for comparison;
  
• Copies of information on the registration of a branch at the actual address, a copy of the decision on the establishment of a branch and the Regulations on the branch approved in accordance with the established procedure - a notarized copy or an original for comparison;
  
• A copy of the Regulations on the structural unit approved in the established manner (for organizations that have an educational unit that conducts professional training) - a notarized copy or an original for comparison;
  
• A copy of the certificate of registration with the tax authority - a notarized copy or the original for comparison;
  
• Documents confirming that the license applicant owns or otherwise legally equipped buildings, structures, structures, premises and territories - a notarized copy or an original for comparison;
  
• Certificate on the material and technical support of educational activities for educational programs declared for licensing - in the form approved by the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of December 11, 2012 No. 1032 "On the approval of application forms for a license to carry out educational activities, on the renewal of a license to carry out educational activities and certificates on the material and technical support of educational activities for the educational programs declared for licensing ”;
  
• A copy of the conclusion of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare on the compliance (non-compliance) with the sanitary rules of buildings and premises used by educational institutions (organizations) for the implementation of the educational process - notarized copy or original for comparison;
  
• A copy of the conclusion of the State Fire Service on the suitability of the buildings and premises used for the implementation of the educational process - a notarized copy or the original for comparison;
  
• A document confirming the payment of the state fee for the consideration of an application for a license - a payment order with a bank mark on its execution;
  
• List of documents submitted for obtaining a license.

It is already becoming clear that the process of obtaining an educational license is long and laborious. Moreover, difficulties arise even at the stage of selecting a room and equipping it with the necessary equipment. If you have a building, structure or premises where you are going to open your center, you must have all documents of title to these objects. Please note that it is impossible to obtain licenses for educational activities with unfinished and not repaired facilities, since you first need to obtain a sanitary-epidemiological and fire safety conclusion on the safety of educational activities. In addition, your premises should be equipped with the necessary furniture, equipment, inventory in strict accordance with the requirements of the law (age standards in our case are not so important, because you plan to educate adults). But you will have to provide special conditions for the training of persons with disabilities, otherwise you may be denied a license.

Another prerequisite is the availability of educational programs that must be developed directly at the institution or specifically for it, comply with the current educational standards, and be approved by the head of the institution. If educational programs suggest a certain one, then this requires approval. For example, programs with a medical or psychological bias will need to be coordinated with the relevant department. The approval is drawn up in the form of an opinion and attached to the package of documents for obtaining a license.

You will also have to take care in advance and search for teachers who will teach you. They must have a specialized education, experience, appropriate qualifications, and they must have no contraindications for work. All this must be confirmed by documents (diplomas, certificates, work books, etc.).

All the listed documents, together with the application and the inventory, are submitted to the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, exercising the delegated powers in the field of education. Moreover, along with the copies, you must provide originals of documents for comparison or notarized copies of documents (the latter option, if documents are submitted, for example, by mail).

State duty for obtaining a license, in accordance with paragraph 92 of Art. 333.33 "Tax Code of the Russian Federation" is 7500 rubles. The cost of the license itself, issued by the Regional Service for Supervision and Control in Education, starts at 20,000 rubles. The Commission makes a decision on the issue or refusal to issue a license no later than sixty days from the date of registration of the submitted application. The license that you receive (if, of course, you get it) will indicate a list of programs for which you are entitled to conduct educational activities. The license is valid indefinitely.

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The system of non-state educational institutions in our country is already 12 years old. Private schools and gymnasiums, centers of public and religious organizations - all of them have long and firmly occupied their niche in the field of education. The number of non-state schools is about 5-6% of all general education institutions. There are 225 such schools in Moscow today. There are plenty to choose from. Only the parents of the majority of preschool children inevitably face the question: for what? After all, non-state educational institutions carry out the same educational process as state schools. Only their founder is not the state, but any enterprise or individuals. In the overwhelming majority of cases, non-educational institutions are funded by parents. Parents pay primarily for the educational process, and in addition - for food, additional educational services and the material and technical support of the institution.
So is it worthwhile to allocate a substantial amount from the family budget every month so that the child will be taught everything that he will be taught for free in a public school? Our correspondent shares his impressions.

First impression. Moscow Department of Education.

I came to the Department with a clear goal: to find out which educational system is better, which is worse, and in general, does the quality of education depend on how much money parents invest in it? But the head of the Department of Preschool and General Secondary Education Olga Nikolaevna Derzhitskaya categorically disagreed with this formulation of the question.
—The quality of education depends primarily on the professional level of the teacher. And this depends on the ability to constantly improve it, and the ability to improve their education, in turn, depends on the financial situation of the teacher, including his salary. Teachers in non-state schools have the same professional level as teachers in state institutions. They all received roughly the same training.

- Why, then, is there a stable opinion in society that a child will receive a better education in a private school?
- In a non-governmental institution there is an opportunity to use an individual approach, to pay attention to each child. There are relatively few students in the classrooms of such schools, and along with the teachers there are many different specialists - psychologists, speech therapists, and so on. It is easier for a private school teacher to study the characteristics of a child, his capabilities, inclinations and build an individual learning path for him. On the other hand, the professionalism of a teacher working with a small number of students should be much higher than that of a regular school teacher. If, when working with a class of 30 people, "frontal" forms of work are most often used, which are easy
to justify any flaws of an unqualified teacher, then in classes where there are only 7-10 people, this number will not work.
Children of different ages come to non-governmental educational institutions more often than to ordinary schools: some enter the 1st grade, others are transferred from any other class of the ordinary school. Imagine: there are 5 people in a class, and each has its own special educational path, different skills and different levels of training, different educational programs. There are different classes in a public school: humanitarian, mathematics, correctional, gymnasium, and children get there depending on their abilities. In a private school, all these children can be in the same class! And the teacher must build the learning process in such a way that each of these children receives a sufficient level of education and develops intensively. It is very difficult. Moreover, a teacher in a private school must teach a child so that he will be just as successful in school when he moves to any other school.
“Migration” of children from one non-governmental educational institution to another, from private schools to state ones, and vice versa, unfortunately, is a fairly frequent occurrence. The economic situation both in the country and in many families is unstable. Today parents are able to pay for education, tomorrow they are not. But when a child comes from a private school to a public one, his level of training is very carefully checked. God forbid, if the child finds some kind of gap. All the "bigwigs", of course, "fall" on LEU: "how is it, we paid that kind of money, but he was not taught!" Parents even have the right to sue the LEU, demand the return of part of the money spent, and the law is on their side. In general, non-governmental educational institutions take this problem very seriously: they build their own program for each child, constantly conduct independent examination and diagnostics of the level of education. A young student, no matter what school he then enters, must be successful there, must confirm his level and his marks. The image and reputation of a non-governmental institution depends on its success.

- What kind of teachers work at NOU?
- All teachers graduate from the same pedagogical universities. Almost everyone has experience in a public school. But non-governmental educational institutions invest certain funds in training their teachers, in raising their qualifications. Many teachers cannot withstand the heavy workload and return to regular schools. However, in those non-governmental educational institutions that have existed for more than 5 years, stable teams have already formed.

- How is the relationship between students and teachers in private schools? Are children of wealthy parents respectful of teachers?
- It is strange you reason - "rich parents ..." Most of the parents of students in private schools have a high level of education, they are fluent in foreign languages, but above all, they are professionals in their field. And therefore they are extremely attentive to the education of their children. And they understand that a high level of education is necessary in order to achieve something in life, in order to become worthy successors to the cause of their parents. A teacher who is professionally literate evokes only respect in such children.

Second impression: a non-state school.

I'll tell you about one school. It is difficult to call it typical. Not because tuition fees are low here. But because a typical private school is not easy to find: each has its own characteristics. The founder of this NOU is a large aviation enterprise that annually finances the studies of 25% of schoolchildren, the rest pay 7.5 thousand rubles a month. The cost of training includes three meals a day, an extended day and a variety of clubs, including playing the piano and aircraft modeling. The school occupies a small two-story building, where there was a kindergarten before. There is no room here either for the pool or for the gym, so a bus regularly comes for the guys and takes them: some to the tennis courts, some to the pool. But each elementary school class has its own playroom, the spacious library has two halls at once, and the computer class is equipped with the latest technology. The school yard is well equipped. In general, everything is quite modest, without unnecessary luxury, but it is very quiet and cozy at home. Children, it seems, can be counted on the fingers: in one class there are seven people, in the other - eight, and the guys from the 10th grade generally do not appear often, because they are on the external school. You can't hear the sharp calls and noisy running around at recess. Only first-graders have a small iridescent bell ringing from time to time in the room - so that the children feel the time and distinguish the lesson from the break.
I must admit that all children in the lesson are involved in the educational process. The teacher requires active participation from everyone, so that the lazy or lagging behind does not sit silently in a secluded corner, drawing devils on the cover of a notebook. Well, if the child does not "pull" at all, the teacher will study with him after school. As much as you need, without any additional payments. Incidentally, there are 45 employees for every 90 children! Great, you won’t say anything. But there are also difficulties here, which I told about director and founder of the school Taisiya Petrovna Skoblikova:

- I am still not sure which is better for a secondary school child - a non-state educational system or a state one? Yes, primary school should be more comfortable for the child, that's for sure. In a public school, it is easy for a kid to get lost, disappointed, broken, or vice versa, relax. And a private school will not allow this and will not hang the stamp of a loser or an excellent student on the child. But as for middle-aged and older children, comfortable conditions are already contraindicated for them! They get used to relying not on themselves, but on the teacher: he will explain everything, "chew", help to cope with a difficult task. A private school teacher will never give a mark, but will always give the opportunity to retake the subject and correct the grade. This leads to the fact that the child stops working independently and efficiently. What will he do at the institute, where no one will pull him out? There are a lot of students, everyone is there for himself. And this transition can be very difficult for a graduate of a private school. Another thing is a public school, where not 100 people study, but 800-900. There you have to fight for your survival and for your assessment. There is often no way to correct the wrong answer, they will immediately put "two" there, and this, of course, mobilizes the child. I myself have three children, and I created this school in order to give them a good education. But I still cannot finally decide which system
education is better.

- Do the parents who pay for their studies put forward any conditions?
“When we started working, there was a tendency to demand a good grade:“ I paid the money, why does my child have three? ” I had to explain that parents do not pay for grades, but for knowledge. If today a child does not pull an object, makes a lot of mistakes, he will not get a good grade. At the same time, for our part, we do everything possible for the student to pull himself up and correct the mark.
I was very afraid at the beginning that teachers would somehow single out those who did not pay for their studies, would lower their grades, and study less with them. Fortunately, inequality has been avoided. Children from very wealthy families are unusually modest, cultured, and most importantly, purposeful. Yes, they understand that their parents really achieved a lot in life. But what have they achieved themselves? Nothing yet. We have a school with strict rules, and any attempt by children to find out whose parents are cooler is nipped in the bud.

- But is this a typical situation for private schools?
- Schools are very different. Before opening my own, I got acquainted with one very elite suburban establishment. I sent my child there, and then I realized that I was paying this huge money, in fact, for air, and not for education. There the student goes to the lesson - behind him two guards are carrying things. He sat down at his desk, did a little work, then he got tired - he put his feet on the table and was resting. And some parents love it! I believe that the school, first of all, should teach the child to work. To give him not only education, but also upbringing. How can a student be allowed to raise their voice to an adult? He comes to class and says to his nanny - "Get out, wait for me there, outside the door!" In our school, this situation is simply unacceptable!
- Will it be difficult for a student to transfer from a private school to a public one?
- As for the level of knowledge, it depends on the school. If our child enters a physics and mathematics school, it will be very difficult for him, because we focus on humanitarian subjects. But to go to any language school or lyceum class of the humanitarian profile - no difficulties. The problem is different - in the attitude of teachers to the newcomer. Often they try to show that he is lagging behind, falls short, that he was not taught anything worthwhile in a private school. The goal is clear - to force the parents to take private lessons. This is a huge problem! Public school teachers use every opportunity to make money! You know that thanks to private lessons, the average salary of a good public school teacher is at least $ 350! I assure you that all children who have grades 4-5 in a public school have a tutor! In elementary school, teachers take, on average, 100 rubles, in secondary school - about $ 10 per lesson. We do not have free education in our state today! Moreover, in Moscow.
The best and most honored teachers today work either in a public school, or combine two jobs, but they never go to a non-public school: the responsibility there is very big, work from morning until late at night, and the salary is $ 300, and that's it. If the student lags behind, the teacher is obliged to study with him all for the same salary, because the parents will no longer pay a dime extra. A public school teacher has a preferential experience, salary increments, the status of a socially unprotected person - none of this in private institutions.

Non-public school Advantages: there are few children in the classrooms and more attention is paid to each comfortable conditions for study, polite attitude towards children there is the possibility of transporting the child to the institution and back by school bus there are teachers in all subjects attention is paid not only to lagging children, but also to developed, gifted children all additional developmental classes on the basis of the school - sports sections, music, drawing are free good technical equipment the opportunity to correct the grade and retake the subject children are focused on learning Disadvantages: the quality of training and the range of services are not worth the requested money for money they draw "fives" without giving real knowledge home atmosphere school relaxes students uncultured (and sometimes boorish) behavior of individual "cool" students in relation to teachers and children of less wealthy parents the school has an atmosphere of permissiveness there are problems when transferring to a public school

Third impression: the opinions of private individuals
These experiences are as varied as the tastes and experiences of two pairs of parents are. Sometimes the views of adults on the same school diverge exactly the opposite. Therefore, when choosing a school, listen, first of all, to your own feelings, personally get to know the teacher, the director, and then - with the students of this school and their parents. Think about what is most important to you? Discipline and order at school? Then a flock of smoking high school students in front of the front door will be a weighty argument against. Sports and recreation program? Then get to know the doctor, physical education teacher, sports equipment of the school. Language training? A teacher who is a native speaker, contacts with a language university and a large percentage of children entering the free department of this university will be a convincing argument in favor. Feel free to ask the teacher about his method of work, how he treats lagging and talented children, and the developmental curriculum he uses.
Good luck with your choice!

Summarizing individual statements in the summary table, we in no way compose a general portrait of a non-state school - such a portrait is impossible in principle, they are too dissimilar to each other. These opinions of parents and teachers refer to non-governmental educational institutions from various districts of Moscow.

What do parents need to know?
The order of March 5, 2002 practically did not change anything in the rules for admitting children to the 1st grade: they are obliged to enroll in schools from 6.5 years old, but now they will be in elementary school for 4 years, not three. In the order of the MCO dated March 5, 2002, in clause 1.5 it is written that "during admission, do not allow tests (exams, tests, competitions) aimed at identifying the child's level of knowledge in academic disciplines and subjects." They can only interview on abstract topics. Ignorance of letters and numbers cannot serve as a reason for refusal of admission.

We draw up documents. How not to get screwed up with LEU?
First you need to find out if the school has a license from the Education Committee and state accreditation. Be carefull! A license can be issued to an educational institution either for 1 year or for 5 years, and in either case it should not expire. It's the same with accreditation. The school can be accredited for 1, 2, and 3 levels of education (i.e. elementary, middle and high school). If there is no accreditation, and this happens quite often, then, most likely, the non-accredited school has entered into an agreement with a local school or an external school. This means that your child will not take the final exam, but in a general education school. The certificate will indicate that the student graduated from the school where he passed the exams.
A small but very significant nuance: the names of the disciplines studied by the student and the grades are recorded in the certificate. In the absence of accreditation, a record of additional subjects will not appear.

School fads
It is said that grades will not be given to children under 6th grade. Some schools have already abandoned grades in their entire elementary school as an experiment. Psychophysical examinations of first-graders were carried out, which showed that low marks are a strong psycho-traumatic factor and reduce the child's performance. Research by psychologists shows that it is not until grade 3 that children begin to learn in order to get positive grades.

Plans for the future
Schoolchildren will have to study for twelve years, but they will be able to enter a university without exams. By 2005, at least 60% of schools are expected to be equipped with computer labs connected to the Internet. And if everything goes according to plan, then by 2010 there will be one computer for every four students. By this time, computer science lessons will be studying not only the banal BASIC, but also special applied programs.

Little tricks of teachers:
Despite all the "For" and "Against" marks are still given at school. However, grades and ratings are different things. Firstly, instead of an assessment, you can write well-known oral and written remarks: "Well done, good, try to be more attentive, see (looked)." Secondly, teachers give out small presentations for well-done assignments. For example, stickers that a student can attach to a notebook. The more there are, the more successful the student is. Thirdly, at the end of the school day, children paint over the cells on a sheet of paper with a certain color ("good", "satisfactory"). The teacher and the children agree on the meaning of the color in advance.

As part of the experiment
In September 2004, it is planned to start an experiment in Russia to introduce specialized education schools in the 9th grade. Specialists will help ninth-graders in choosing a profession, and the specialized training itself is planned to begin throughout Russia from the 10th grade in 2005.
The transition to specialized training for senior pupils in Russia is provided for by the Concept of specialized training, approved by the Ministry of Education in 2002.
The main goal of specialized education is to relieve school curricula and provide high school students with the opportunity to in-depth study in those subjects that are more fascinating to him and will be necessary for his future life plans, including for admission to a university. For this purpose, specialized classes will be created in schools, or specialized schools will be formed.
For those students who have not yet decided on their future plans by the end of the 9th grade, there will be non-core general educational institutions and classes where vocational guidance work will be conducted with the students.

Do you know that...
An experiment has been going on in 13 public schools in Moscow for four years now: an individual learning path is built for each student in grades 10-11. A senior student chooses his own curriculum, determining the depth of study of a particular subject. This experiment brings public schools closer to the individualized learning opportunities that private schools have. The numbers of these schools are: 218, 429, 1131, 1277, 1290, 1504, 1508, 1515, 1517, 1530, 1552, 1557, 1580.

Education without borders
The child goes abroad. Alone ... For the first time. Parents frantically collect their suitcases: “Six pairs of panties, 12 T-shirts, 10 pairs of pants, a pair of sweaters, light shoes, warm shoes, slippers, woolen socks ... Oh, yes, we forgot an umbrella! England is a country where it often rains! " It is necessary to predict every last detail that "there" may be needed. And now the airport. Adults dispel the last fears of children with optimistic statements: "Everything will be fine." Themselves in the depths of their souls are trying to believe it ...

Children of the famous Rodion Gazmanov: I studied for two years at a private school in England. This was the level of 10 and 11 grades of our general education school. But the programs are very different. Firstly, there is an emphasis on humanitarian subjects, sports, art, music. With my "C" in algebra, I ended up there an excellent student in mathematics. Secondly, in our school they study a wider range of subjects and in a large volume, which is far from always and not everyone needs. In England, the amount of information is less (this especially applies to the exact sciences), and besides, it is possible to choose certain subjects for deeper study. In our country, 2-3 private schools of a similar level have appeared, where for about the same money you can master the English language as well as abroad. But for me, the undoubted advantage was that I was away from my dad and mom. It taught me to make decisions on my own. In addition, when you go abroad, you find yourself in a foreign-language environment, and in order to learn the language faster, this is the best way. I knew English well before my trip to England. But even if you come there with "zero" knowledge of the language, after 3-4 weeks you can communicate and understand others. There was only one drawback of studying in England for me: the knowledge of mathematics received there was not enough to enter the Financial Academy. I had to deal very seriously with teachers in order to pass the entrance exam well. It's OK. Much more important to me is that in England I have become a more independent person.

Private education in Russia has often been declared a priority at the highest level. However, this industry has not yet received real support. Problems that need to be resolved promptly and professionally arise among entrepreneurs who want to educate children and adults on a market basis at the very beginning of their journey. To open a non-governmental educational institution, it is necessary to collect a huge amount of documents, undergo licensing, develop and send for approval a curriculum, and much more.

First, let's understand the terminology. A non-state educational institution is a non-profit organization that provides educational services on the basis of a license obtained, while being created not by a state or a constituent entity of the federation, but by a private person (or a group of persons). In this definition, it is important to highlight the word “non-commercial”, which implies that the standard registration procedure for private firms does not apply to LEU.

Non-governmental educational institutions, like government organizations, have the right to provide a full range of educational services. Among them there are preschool, general, additional, higher and postgraduate institutions, as well as special institutions for orphans. These include firms that conduct trainings, seminars, exhibitions, lectures in the event that participants are issued with diplomas of their qualifications.

Registration procedure

Before starting the registration procedure, it is necessary to collect a large number of documents, the list of which is established on the basis of the Law on Education. They must be submitted to the regional department of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation at the place of residence, and everything related to the license is worked out with the local Department of Education.

Any legal entity requires a charter to operate. In the case of a non-educational institution, this document must meet the requirements of Article 13 of the Education Law. It should include, in addition to the full name of the organization, addresses and information about the founders, information such as:

• detailed information about educational programs;
• standards of deduction and admission;
• rating system;
• rules for working with personnel;
• the language in which the lessons are taught;
• training schedule;
• the procedure for the provision of paid services,
• a system of building relationships between the institution, students and their parents.

The document must indicate the degree of competence of the founders and those persons to whom they are ready to delegate part of their powers, with the attachment of the relevant acts and diplomas. The charter initially prescribes all possible changes that it may undergo in the future.

In addition to him, for registration, you will have to collect the maximum amount of information about the material and technical base of the institution. A full package of documents is provided that relate to the available real estate. This is a lease or property agreement, and the results of checking the premises for compliance with the statutory sanitary and epidemiological standards, and a letter of guarantee from the owner of the building. A detailed description of all equipment that is planned to be used during the educational process must be attached to the information about the programs. It must be properly licensed and safe for health.

Before registering, you need to collect documents certifying the NOU as a legal entity. Their list and filing rules are governed by the Law No. 7-FZ "On Non-Commercial Organizations" dated 12.01.1996. Here they are:

• Extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities;
• Full name of the organization;
• Checking account;
• Legal and actual address;
• Institution phones;
• Certificate of registration with the tax authority;
• Print sketch;
• Detailed information about the founders. For Russian citizens, these are notarized copies of passports, as well as contact information. Foreigners must provide apostilled, i.e. documents officially registered by Russian state authorities. Also, according to the requirements, all official papers must be translated into Russian.

When all the documents have been collected, you can apply for registration of the LEU. Before contacting the local department of the Ministry of Justice, you must pay a fee of 10 thousand rubles, and attach the received receipt to the package of documents. After the appeal is received, the state body assigns a check of all data, which can take up to one and a half months. If the result is negative, at the request of the applicant, a second revision can be appointed.

All documents submitted to the Ministry of Justice are very carefully checked, and recently the number of refusals to register a non-state educational institution has grown significantly. The information about the founders and the results of the inspection of classrooms are especially scrupulously researched.

Licensing procedure

Another official paper that must be obtained before starting work is a license. It is needed to provide almost all types of educational services, except for tutoring and lectures and seminars that do not imply the issuance of final state diplomas.

To obtain a license, almost the same set of documents is required as for registration of a LEU:

• copy of the charter;
• extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities;
• founders' passports;
• the results of the audit of the building and material and technical base;
• receipt of payment of the state fee.

All of them, together with the certificate of state registration, are attached to the application, which is submitted to the regional office of the Federal Service for Supervision of Education and Science. This body appoints a special commission, which within 60 days must carry out checks of documents, buildings, equipment, teaching and administrative staff, educational programs and give a final answer. Working without this permission is punishable by a fine of up to half a million and even a prison term.

It should be noted that the requirements for compliance with all indicators stated in the registration and licensing documents in the education system are extremely serious. So, when collecting and signing papers, you need to pay very close attention to their content.

As you can see, it is not easy to obtain a work permit for a non-state educational institution. The minimum period, which is easy to calculate by adding up the time for making decisions on licensing and registration, is two and a half months, most likely, will seriously increase due to all the delays in collecting the necessary documents. Therefore, the best solution is to turn to professionals who are ready to take on legal and bureaucratic activities. After all, the slightest mistake in preparation for any of these procedures can devalue all the work done. Which, in case of failure, will have to start from scratch.

In everyday life for the consumer, words such as "school", "lyceum", "gymnasium", "institute", "university" are sometimes combined in the general name "educational institution", while the consumer usually does not think about a specific organizational and legal the form of the educational structure. In fact, this is a completely correct idea if we consider it from the point of view of the common goals of the listed educational institutions. However, not every educational institution has the same legal status in the current education system. In the name of educational organizations, in addition to the actual name (for example , secondary school № 12; gymnasium number 58; “College of Management”, “Saratov State Academy of Law”), reflecting the specific individualization and nature of the activity, there are such abbreviations as GOU, MOU, NOU, etc. legal form, on which the conditions of further education partially depend. In this regard, before approaching the specific choice of this or that educational institution, it is necessary to learn how to determine the essence (meaning) of its name. Let's try to figure out what the concept of "organizational and legal form" includes.

Under organizational and legal form is understood:

The method of securing and using property by an economic entity;

The legal status of an economic entity and the goals of its activities.

Business entities are any legal entities, as well as organizations operating without forming a legal entity, and individual entrepreneurs.

The methods of securing and using the property of an economic entity are determined either by the entity itself (if it is an individual one) or by its founder (if the entity is a legal entity or an organization without the rights of a legal entity) in accordance with established legal norms. According to civil law, property can be assigned to an economic entity on the basis of ownership, economic management, operational management, or on any other legal basis (for example, on a lease basis).

Legal status (legal status) of an economic entity - it is a legally enshrined position of a subject in society, characterized and determined by a set of rights and obligations, responsibility and powers arising from legislative and other regulatory acts.

Based on the goals of the activities carried out, business entities that are legal entities are divided:

For commercial organizations - organizations for which making profit and the ability to distribute it among the participants is the main goal of their activities;

Non-profit organizations are organizations whose main purpose of activity is not to generate profit and distribute it among the participants, but to meet the intangible needs of citizens.

Legal entities that are commercial organizations, can be created in the form of economic partnerships and societies, production cooperatives, state and municipal unitary enterprises.

Legal entities that are non-profit organizations, can be created in the form of consumer cooperatives, public or religious organizations (associations), institutions, charitable and other foundations, as well as in other forms provided by law (non-commercial partnerships, autonomous non-commercial organizations, etc.). Non-profit organizations can carry out activities only insofar as it serves to achieve the goals and objectives for which they were created.

To the above, it should be added that under legal entity means an institution, enterprise or organization that has independent civil rights and obligations and is characterized by the following distinctive features:

Organizational unity;

The presence in the property, economic management or operational management of separate property;

Independent property liability for its obligations;

Participation in civil circulation on its own behalf;

The presence of a current or other financial account in a bank, an independent balance sheet and an estimate;

Participation in the trial as a plaintiff and a defendant.

Individual entrepreneurs recognized as individuals (citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons), registered in the prescribed manner and carrying out activities without forming a legal entity. Individual entrepreneurs also include private notaries, private security guards, and private detectives.

When it comes to an educational institution of one kind or another, you need to know the following. The main goal of any educational organization is to meet the intangible needs of citizens, expressed in two main functions: education and training. In this regard, educational institutions can carry out their activities only as non-profit organizations. In most cases, educational organizations are created in the form of an institution .

Federal Law on Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education No. 175-FZ of November 3, 2006 amended the Law of the Russian Federation No. 3266-1 dated July 10, 1992 "On Education" (hereinafter - the RF Law "On Education"), Federal the Law of December 8, 1995 "On Non-Commercial Organizations", the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter - the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) and a number of other regulatory legal acts. In particular, in accordance with clause I, 2, Art. 120 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, institutions are now divided into the following types:

Private (created by citizens or legal entities);

State (created by the Russian Federation and (or) the constituent entities of the Russian Federation);

Municipal (created by municipalities).

Under private institution means a non-profit organization created by the owner (citizen or legal entity) for the implementation of managerial, socio-cultural or other functions of a non-profit nature (clause 1 of article 9 of the Federal Law "On non-profit organizations"). State and municipal institutions in turn, they can be budgetary or autonomous. The concept of a budgetary institution is not new, it was previously enshrined in paragraph 1 of Art. 161 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, however, Federal Law No. 175-FZ of November 3, 2006 specified the content of this concept: state-owned enterprises and autonomous institutions endowed with state or municipal property on the basis of operational management cannot be recognized as budgetary institutions. An autonomous institution is a non-profit organization created by the Russian Federation, a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a municipal formation to perform work, provide services in order to exercise the powers of state authorities, powers of local governments in the fields of science, education, health care, culture, social protection, employment provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. population, physical culture and sports (clause 1, article 2 of the Federal Law "On Autonomous Institutions").

To carry out their activities, educational institutions have the right to choose any other organizational and legal form, which is provided for by civil legislation for non-profit organizations.

Educational institution is a non-profit organization created with the aim of implementing an educational process aimed at educating and educating citizens through the implementation of established educational programs. The official definition of an educational institution is formulated in Art. 12 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education".

The type of this or that educational institution is determined depending on who is its founder. The founders of educational institutions can be:

State authorities of the Russian Federation (constituent entities of the Russian Federation), local government bodies;

Domestic and foreign organizations of any form of ownership, their associations (associations and unions);

Domestic and foreign public and private foundations;

Public and religious organizations (associations) registered on the territory of the Russian Federation;

Citizens of the Russian Federation and foreign citizens.

The composition of the founders of an educational institution can be limited in two cases. First, institutions that implement military professional programs can only be created by the Government of the Russian Federation. Secondly, special educational institutions of a closed type for children and adolescents with deviant (socially dangerous) behavior can be created only by federal executive bodies of the Russian Federation and (or) the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Currently, there are three main types of educational institutions:

State (federal or under the jurisdiction of the subject of the Russian Federation);

Municipal;

Non-state (private; institutions of public and religious organizations (associations)).

State authorities of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, or local self-government bodies can act as founders of state and municipal educational institutions. The property of state and municipal educational institutions (both budgetary and autonomous) is owned by the state authority of the Russian Federation (subject of the Russian Federation, local government). Financing of the activities of budgetary educational institutions is fully or partially carried out from the relevant budget or state extra-budgetary fund on the basis of an estimate of income and expenses. The amount of funds allocated is determined according to funding standards, based on the calculation of costs per pupil or student, as well as on a different basis. The owner of a budgetary educational institution exercises direct control over the use of funds in accordance with the established estimate. In the name of budgetary educational institutions there are abbreviations GOU (state educational institution) or MOU (municipal educational institution).

The property that the owner endows with a state or municipal educational institution is assigned to him on the basis of the right of operational management. Under operational management means the right to own, use and dispose of property for its intended purpose, within the limits established by law, in accordance with the goals of the activity and the tasks defined by the owner. Budgetary educational institutions are not entitled to alienate or otherwise dispose of (sell, lease, pledge, etc.) the property assigned to it, as well as property acquired at the expense of funds allocated to it by the owner according to the estimate. However, if a budgetary educational institution is given the right to carry out income-generating activities, then the income received from such activities, as well as the property acquired at the expense of these incomes, go to the institution's independent disposal and are recorded on a separate balance sheet.

The activities of budgetary state and municipal educational institutions are regulated by standard regulations, which are approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. In accordance with these provisions, budgetary educational institutions develop their own charters. The charter- this is one of the types of constituent documents on the basis of which a legal entity acts. The requirements for the charters of educational institutions are listed in Art. 13 of the RF Law "On Education".

Since Federal Law No. 175-FZ of November 3, 2006 has been in effect relatively recently, it is still too early to talk about the existence of autonomous educational institutions (as one of the possible types of state and municipal educational institutions). However, it is worth noting that autonomous institutions, despite some similarities with budgetary ones, have a number of some differences. Thus, in particular, the founder establishes tasks for the autonomous institution in accordance with the main activity provided for by its charter. An autonomous institution operates in accordance with these tasks and obligations to the insurer for compulsory social insurance, partly for a fee or free of charge. Financial support for the activities of autonomous institutions is carried out in the form of subventions and subsidies from the corresponding budget of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation and other sources not prohibited by federal laws. The income of an autonomous institution goes into its own control and is used by it to achieve the goals for which it was created, unless otherwise provided by law. Annually, an autonomous institution is obliged to publish reports on its activities and on the use of the property assigned to it in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation and in the media specified by the founder of the autonomous institution. It is likely that autonomous educational institutions will appear in Russia in the near future.

Non-state educational institutions (NOU), like budgetary ones, they are non-profit organizations, and can be created in organizational and legal forms that are provided for them by the civil legislation of the Russian Federation. The founders of non-governmental educational organizations, as a rule, are state higher educational institutions (for example, universities and academies), as well as institutions of public and religious organizations (associations) and individuals. In most cases, non-governmental educational organizations are created in the form of private institutions (NOU), but in recent years, such an organizational form as an autonomous non-profit organization (ANO) has also become widespread. Education at NOU and ANO, as a rule, is carried out on a paid basis. The right of non-state educational institutions to charge students and pupils for (including tuition within the state educational standards) is enshrined in clause 1 of Art. 46 of the RF Law "On Education". Paid educational activities of a non-governmental educational institution are not considered to be foreign if the income received from it is fully spent on reimbursing the costs of providing the educational process (including salaries), its development and improvement in this educational institution.

As well as budgetary educational institutions, non-governmental educational institutions and ANOs carry out their activities on the basis of the statutes. Model provisions, which are mandatory for GOU and MOU, serve as approximate for non-state educational institutions. Unlike budgetary institutions, non-governmental educational organizations can be the owners of property in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation (clause 5 of article 39 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education"). However, the issue of ownership of the property of LEU causes conflicting opinions arising in connection with the application of the norms of paragraph 2 of Art. 48 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. This part of the Code states that the founders have the right of ownership to the property of the institution, therefore, a non-state educational organization created in the form of an institution cannot own this property on the basis of ownership. It seems that the norms of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in this case have priority in comparison with the norms of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Education", since in paragraph 5 of Art. 39 of this Law contains a reference to compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. The property transferred to the ANO by its founders (founder), unlike an institution, is the property of an autonomous non-profit organization. The founders of an autonomous non-profit organization do not retain the rights to the property that they transfer into ownership (clause 1 of article 10 of the Federal Law "On non-profit organizations").

Educational institutions, being non-profit organizations, have the right to carry out other and other income-generating activities, but only in cases stipulated by the current legislation. Moreover, all types of activities carried out by educational institutions must be reflected in their charters. So, in particular, educational institutions have the right:

Trade in purchased goods, equipment;

Provision of intermediary services;

Equity participation in the activities of other institutions (including educational) and organizations;

Acquisition of shares, bonds, other securities and receipt of income (dividends, interest) on them;

Conducting income-generating other non-sales transactions that are not directly related to their own production of products, works, services provided for by the charter and with their sale;

Renting out property.

Educational institutions have the right to open branches (branches or other structural subdivisions) that can exercise in full or in part the powers of a legal entity, i.e. also lead the educational process. Branches act on behalf of the institution that created them (since they are not legal entities), act on the basis of the charter of the educational institution and the regulations on the branch, and their heads - on the basis of a power of attorney issued by the parent educational institution. A specific list of branches, departments, other structural divisions must be specified in the charter of an educational institution.

ON. Ageshkina

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Schools are different. Timur Gazizullin, CEO of the first international Cambridge school in Kazan, told how to create a profitable educational institution in a new niche.

We implement programs of secondary general English education, which entitle children after the 9th and 11th grades, subject to good exams, to be automatically enrolled in leading colleges and universities around the world.

Where to begin?

Of course, it all starts with an idea. Recently, the education sector has been actively developing in Russia. All kinds of innovations are accepted, including one of the main ones - the Strategy for the Development of Education in the Russian Federation until 2020.

Timur Gazizullin

The idea was born to create a school analogous to the international Cambridge school, which would be several times cheaper, and people would not have to travel abroad, but the level and quality of the education system would not be inferior to the British one. We contacted Cambridge directly, got accredited and became one of 10,000 Cambridge schools in the world. Then in 2013 we received a license for the right to conduct educational activities under the program of additional professional education, which was issued to us by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan. In the same year, we opened a Cambridge school on the basis of a school with in-depth study of the English language. Immediately after the opening, a stream of people poured in, as we developed and implemented the correct marketing strategy, and also built interaction with the media and with various mass media.

How to assess potential demand? Of course, it is necessary to study the market: what language schools exist in the city and the region, what is their pricing policy, what is the essence of their product and offer, what is the quality, what is the teaching staff, what programs, how many groups? Having answered these questions, one can come to a common denominator and draw appropriate conclusions. We have no competitors in our region, we are the only school that implements such programs.

Timur Gazizullin

general director of the first international Cambridge school in Kazan

Sometimes, having previously agreed with the parents, we pick up some of the youngest children from school, bring them to us and take them back. In any school there is a percentage of people focused on achieving certain results: someone wants to improve their English, someone additionally prepares for the Unified State Exam - by the way, from this year we began to implement such programs - someone wants their children to further studied abroad. And we provide such opportunities.

Investment size

Personal experience

The start-up capital was made up of the personal investments of the composition of all the founders, which, by the way, was often changed in the early stages. There were no other sources of funding.

How to minimize upfront costs? It's more of a matter of priorities. If, when developing a business project, you set yourself the task of getting not just a large one-time return, but want it to develop, you must clearly understand the need to invest regularly. Only in this case is a regular and stable return possible. It is better to prioritize investments at the very beginning and not stand still after you have given an incentive to your project.

Step-by-step instruction

Timur Gazizullin

general director of the first international Cambridge school in Kazan

At the moment, among all institutions of a similar profile in Kazan, we have one of the highest wages. It is a priority for us to have a permanent staff, and not a constant change of staff, therefore we have been adhering to this policy for three years now.

Of course, the place plays a role, but much depends on the position from which this issue is viewed. On the one hand, for obvious reasons, it is very beneficial to open such an educational organization in a school that is already focused on learning the language, on the other hand, there are many advantages in opening on the basis of a school that does not have a language, but there is a great need and contingent of those wishing to study foreign languages. It is not always possible to guess where the best shot will be. As for the requirements imposed directly on the premises, they are the same as those imposed on other educational institutions: class sizes, the presence of desks that meet the standards for different ages and classes, the equipment of classrooms with various subjects necessary for study, and so on.

At the partner school, we were given one floor in a separate building. Children come to us directly from their "home" school.

The documents

As with any commercial activity, standard legal formalities must be followed. To organize a school, it is more solid to register an LLC; in general, it is more profitable for many reasons. As for the type of taxation, today the most appropriate is “income minus expenses”, 6%. After obtaining the status of a legal entity, it is necessary to submit documents to the tax office and to other authorities: social insurance funds, pension funds, and so on. On average, everything takes no more than a month. In general, the requirements are the same as for all other educational organizations. A prerequisite is the availability of a license for the right to conduct educational activities, which takes about two months to obtain. All processes can be run in parallel and thus reduce time costs.

Opening checklist

Is it profitable to open

What is the payback period? In fact, it all depends on how many students are recruited. You can pay off in a month, or in a year.