A sick animal requires the help of a specialist. However, one should not apply for it to the first veterinary institution that comes across. If possible, visit several clinics to choose the one that best suits your needs.

Small private veterinary clinics equipped with modern medical equipment enjoy a good reputation.

They are usually practiced by young professionals who use new methods of treating diseases.

Before deciding on one of the private clinics offered to your attention, try to find out if there is a separate reception room for cats and a hospital. During your first visit, pay attention to how your veterinarian treats your pet.

Diagnosis of diseases

Disease is not always the reason for a change in cat behavior, but you should not lose your vigilance. Examine the animal closely on a regular basis and if you find any symptoms of illness, take your pet to a veterinary clinic.

When examining a cat, you should pay attention to the following signs of ill health:

- cough;

- sneezing;

- increased body temperature;

- rapid breathing or pulse;

- lameness;

- the presence of blood in the feces;

- significant weight loss or obesity;

- frequent scratching;

- loss of appetite lasting more than 2 days;

- profuse discharge from the eyes, ears and nose;

- constant thirst;

- redness of the skin;

- urinary incontinence;

- wheezing in the chest, etc.

If the cat is unconscious, it is recommended to hold a cold metal surface or mirror near its nose for a few seconds. The breathing rate of a pet can be determined by observing the movements of its chest.

During the examination of Siamese cats, it is often necessary to do an x-ray to the animal, which helps to identify the presence of fractures and cracks in the bones. To keep your pet calm, treat him with a treat.

Blood sampling from a cat is carried out using a rubber tourniquet, a syringe and a cotton swab moistened with a 70% solution of ethyl alcohol. With the help of a tourniquet, fixed slightly above the elbow bend, the blood flow is stopped. Then the skin at the site of the intended collection is carefully wiped with a tampon, and a needle is inserted into one of the blood vessels.

Caring for a sick Siamese cat and methods of administering medications

A sick cat needs good care and treatment. Bother her throughout the treatment should be as little as possible.

Cats must be properly handled so that the veterinarian can examine them.

A sick pet needs a lot of drinking water, which can be replaced with warm broth. If the animal is very weak and refuses to eat and drink on its own, it is recommended to draw the liquid into a pipette, syringe or syringe without a needle, and then slowly pour it into the cat's mouth.

For a quick recovery, your pet needs good nutrition, therefore, its diet should include foods rich in vitamins and minerals or special nutritional supplements that are sold in pet stores.

Sick cats are irritated by sunlight, and they prefer to lie down in highly shaded areas of the apartment, for example, under a bed or an armchair, as well as near heating appliances.

If surgery is required during the treatment of the cat, it is recommended to include a large amount of foods high in vitamin C in the animal's diet.

Medication should be given to a sick cat only after consulting a veterinarian, since some animals have a strong allergic reaction to certain medications.

Veterinarians advise giving antibacterial drugs to the animal only if absolutely necessary, since when it enters the cat's stomach, antibiotics begin to destroy both pathogenic and beneficial microflora, which negatively affects the pet's health.

To reduce the destructive effect of antibacterial drugs on the cat's body, they should be given to the animal at the same time as probiotics, which partially replenish the dead microflora.

Antibacterial drugs are often used to treat Siamese cats, but it should be remembered that an insufficient amount of the drug, as well as its excess, can lead to the opposite effect, namely, aggravate the pet's condition.

The method of administration of drugs prescribed by a veterinarian into the cat's body largely depends on the quality characteristics of each individual drug.

Medicines in the form of tablets or capsules are rarely pleasant to the taste. Getting the cat to swallow the medication will take a lot of effort as the pet will struggle to resist your actions. You can limit his freedom with a thick blanket.

To force the cat to swallow the medication offered to her, it is recommended to perform the following actions:

- open the animal's mouth by pressing the thumb and forefinger of the left hand on its cheeks;

- put a pill or capsule on the pet's tongue near the throat;

- close the cat's mouth and force it to swallow the medicine.

Some cat antimicrobials are in suspension form and taste good. An animal can take such a medicine without coercion. If this does not happen and the pet resists, it is necessary to show persistence and force the suspension into the animal's throat.

After wrapping the cat in a thick blanket, fix its head and with the fingers of your left hand pull the animal's cheek outward. Then quickly pour the substance into the resulting hole and force the animal to swallow it.

If the cat's appetite has not disappeared, the medication can be given without the use of force. To do this, it is enough to mix crushed tablets or powder with food (fish, meat, vegetables, etc.). Liquid medicine is usually added to milk or cereals.

Tablets, powders and suspensions are extremely easy to use, however, they are detrimental to the intestinal microflora, so veterinarians advise, whenever possible, to introduce antibacterial drugs into the body of animals by injection.

Siamese cats are rather shy animals and, if they feel pain during an injection, they can bite or scratch the owner, so the animal must first be immobilized by wrapping it in a towel or blanket, leaving only a small area of ​​the body free to insert the needle.

For the treatment of acute respiratory infections and some other diseases, the cat needs to drip drops into the eyes, ears or nose. During this procedure, the head of the animal is fixed in the desired position. Then, using a pipette, a small amount of the medicine is instilled into the nasal passage, eyes or ear canal.

Fleas

A sick cat constantly scratches and bites the base of its tail. On close examination, redness, scratching, bald spots and sores can be found on her skin. Moreover, when fleas and wool enter the stomach of the animal, tapeworm infection can occur.

If necessary, they can starve for a long time (more than 1.5 years).

Fleas reproduce quickly. Females lay small white eggs, from which worm-like larvae emerge after 7-15 days, feeding on decaying food debris and organic matter. After another 3-4 days, the larvae pupate, and after 12 days, adults are born.

It is very difficult to get rid of fleas, since they can live not only on the cat, but also move freely around the house. Therefore, before you start treating the animal with insecticidal agents, you should thoroughly clean the apartment: knock out carpets, pillows, blankets, soft toys, vacuum and wash the floor.

Lice

Vlaseoids

Females of lice can lay 20-60 nits (eggs) throughout their lives, which are then attached to the hair of the animal with the help of uterine secretions. After 1–2 weeks, larvae emerge from them, from which adult insects emerge after the third molt.

Ticks are perhaps the most well-known carriers of various diseases. They are of two types: scabies and encephalitis.

Scabies mites are very small and can only be seen with a strong microscope. Some of them easily bite through the skin and penetrate under it, feeding on blood and causing unpleasant sensations in the infected animal. Others live on the skin of the cat, eating the exfoliated fragments of the epidermis.

The causative agent of ear scabies (otodectosis) is a mite 0.3–0.7 mm long. It has an oval body and 4 pairs of suctioned limbs. It feeds on exfoliated skin scales, damaging the microflora of the auricle, which can lead to inflammation of the eardrum, middle and inner ear. In especially advanced cases, ear scabies is fatal.

A sick Siamese cat begins to rub its ears with its paws, shake its head, loses its appetite, its temperature rises and develops curvature, in which the pet's head is strongly turned in the direction of the damaged ear. The main symptom of the disease is the appearance of purulent discharge from the ear canals.

Infection with otodectosis occurs through contact with a sick animal or person, as well as through care and maintenance items.

Ticks are also dangerous for humans. Therefore, at the first symptoms of the disease, the cat must be wrapped in oilcloth or a dense, clean cloth and taken to the veterinary clinic as soon as possible. Then you should do a general cleaning in the house: vacuum the carpets, knock out the mattresses and pillows, and burn the toys and bedding on which the pet rested.

The causative agent of itchy scabies (notoedrosis) is a sarcoptoid mite 0.14–0.45 mm long. Its body is spherical, and its articulated limbs are equipped with bell-shaped suction cups. This insect lives in the lower layers of the skin. It actively moves, causing severe itching in the cat. The animal begins to itch, loses its appetite and becomes aggressive. His hair falls out, abscesses, wounds and bald patches appear on the skin.

You can destroy sarcoptoid mites using special preparations sold in pet stores. However, only a veterinarian can make the correct diagnosis and prescribe treatment.

Notoedrosis is transmitted by contact with contaminated objects (combs, brushes, bedding, etc.) or sick animals (cat, dog, rodents).

In order to reduce the risk of infection with encephalitis mites, the cat should be examined after each walk in nature. In this case, it is recommended to pay special attention to the area between the fingers, ears, throat and belly of the pet. The best way to look for ticks is with a flea comb, which you can buy at almost any pet store.

The body of a tapeworm looks like a thin, narrow ribbon. It consists of many segments in which the larvae develop. The ripe segments come off and come out together with the feces.

Tapeworms can enter the body through the meat or milk of sick animals, or through ingestion of fleas and lice. The affected animal loses its appetite and weight. His behavior becomes restless.

At the first symptoms of a tapeworm infection, the pet owner should contact a veterinarian who will prescribe treatment.

Round worms

An infected animal begins to vomit and diarrhea, the kitten quickly loses weight, and its coat becomes dull.

Roundworms are dangerous because they absorb large amounts of nutrients, while releasing toxins that are harmful to the health of the animal.

If roundworm larvae are found in the feces of an animal, it should be taken to a veterinary clinic for confirmation of the diagnosis and treatment.

Suckers

Fluke infestation can occur when a kitten consumes contaminated water or during contact with a drinking bowl in which she was previously.

Flukes are easy to spot in the faeces of a sick animal. An infected cat should be taken to a veterinarian who will prescribe a course of treatment.

Nematode

At the first symptoms of the disease, the cat should be taken to a veterinary clinic and shown to a specialist.

Obesity

Obesity is understood as a metabolic disorder leading to the accumulation of excess adipose tissue. The cause of obesity can be both an improper, unbalanced diet, and the effect on the cat's body of phosphorus, arsenic, lead, fluorine, copper, nickel. In addition, a deficiency of pituitary hormones in the pet's body, metabolic disorders in the cat's body, and a sedentary lifestyle can lead to the development of this disease.

Sick animals have an excess of excess weight, they breathe heavily, get tired quickly, refuse to move, their thirst and appetite increase.

If you have the opportunity, more often take your obese pet to the dacha, to the forest, to fishing. If not, arrange outdoor games with him.

If unhealthy diet is the cause of obesity, you need to carefully balance your diet. A special diet and significant physical activity on the body will quickly bring the cat into good shape.

As a rule, drugs such as adiposin, fepranone, adebit, thyroidin are prescribed. In addition, laxatives (enemas) and diuretics are indicated.

Allergy

Sneezing, nasal discharge, swelling of the eyes and throat are signs of a severe allergic reaction.

Irritants can be pollen, mold, dust, certain foods, medicines, feathers, down and wool.

Administration of tablets

At the first sign of allergy, the cat should be taken to a veterinary clinic. During a particularly severe attack, in the absence of a veterinarian, the pet can be given 1/4 tablet of diphenhydramine.

Acute respiratory illness

The main causes of acute respiratory infections are hypothermia and the activity of viruses. A sick cat begins to sneeze and cough, her temperature rises, the animal loses its appetite and experiences a sharp breakdown.

Subcutaneous injection of drugs

The smaller the pet, the greater the danger it poses for acute respiratory infections, since if untreated, this disease quickly turns into severe pneumonia. Therefore, at the first symptoms of a respiratory disease, the cat needs to be shown to the veterinarian so that he can make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe a course of treatment.

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is an extremely contagious and fatal disease caused by the tubercle bacillus. Its main symptoms are shortness of breath, cough, diarrhea, and weight loss.

A cat can become infected with tuberculosis by eating meat and milk from sick cows, as well as by prolonged contact with a sick animal. Thermal processing of food will significantly reduce the risk of disease.

In order to prevent the further spread of tuberculosis, the affected pet must be isolated, taken to a veterinary clinic and, after confirming the diagnosis, euthanized.

Keratitis

Keratitis is a disease that occurs when the cornea is mechanically damaged by claws or foreign objects. Most often, this kind of wound is inflicted on a cat while playing or fighting with another animal. Keratitis can also be a consequence of the activity of microorganisms, metabolic disorders in the body, ingrowth of vessels into the surface layer of the cornea. This disease is characterized by clouding and edema of the cornea of ​​the eye, purulent inflammation of the epithelial layer.

The affected cat begins to rub its eyes with its paw and is afraid of the light. Purulent discharge appears from her conjunctival sac. To determine if there are wounds on the cornea of ​​an animal, a 1% solution of fluorescein should be instilled into the eyes, which stains all corneal injuries in a light green color.

If the damage to the cornea is of a perforating nature, the injured pet begins to leak eye fluid, in which the iris of the eye partially or completely falls out.

Fluorescein solution, eye drops, and antibiotics are used to treat keratitis. A sick animal should be kept in a darkened room. Cortisone-based ophthalmic ointments cannot be used to treat keratitis, as they further destroy the damaged cornea of ​​the eye.

Instillation of the drug in the eyes

If untreated, keratitis can develop into a painful corneal ulcer. The edges of the ulcer are cloudy and edematous. It is treated with antibiotics and special eye ointments. Surgery is often required.

Rickets

A disease such as rickets occurs when the endocrine glands are malfunctioning or in the absence of a sufficient amount of mineral salts in the cat's body. The likelihood of this disease increases significantly in the winter period.

Rickets symptoms: curvature of the limbs, thickening of the joints, sagging back. Rickets is especially dangerous for kittens, as it slows down the growth of the animal.

For the treatment of rickets, the pet is irradiated with a quartz lamp. As a rule, the kitten should be shown to the veterinarian before starting treatment for this condition.

Plague

Plague is a permanently fatal viral disease. The incubation period for plague is 1 to 3 weeks.

Plague symptoms: impaired coordination of movements, seizures, weakness and apathy. In acute cases, hind limb paralysis develops. Death occurs 10 days after the onset of the first symptoms. The cat should be euthanized immediately after diagnosis.

Rabies

Rabies is an infectious disease caused by the activity of a filtering neurotropic virus that affects the central nervous system. Rabies is extremely contagious, dangerous to humans, and always fatal.

The causative agent of the disease is a bullet-shaped vibrio, reaching a length of 180 nm. The largest number of vibrios is found in the cerebral cortex, animal saliva and blood. Infection occurs during direct contact with the saliva and blood of a sick animal, that is, mainly through bites. The main vectors of infection: cats, dogs, rodents, bats, raccoons, wolves, jackals, etc.

The incubation period can be 3–6 weeks.

In rare cases, the disease manifests itself a year after infection.

There are two forms of rabies: quiet and violent.

In the first case, the sick animal behaves restlessly, it quickly develops muscle paralysis. Death occurs in 2-4 days.

Rabies

The violent form of rabies is most commonly seen in Siamese cats. Infected animals become fearful and aggressive, their mood often changes: they are either affectionate with the owner, or rush at him with the intention of biting and scratching. Affected cats often swallow inedible objects (buttons, soil, stones, branches of garden plants, paper, etc.), their salivation process is disturbed, and their voice becomes hoarse. At the last stage of the development of the disease, the pet begins seizures and becomes paralyzed. The animal dies on the 3-5th day.

Cats infected with rabies are euthanized immediately after diagnosis, and their corpses are burned or frozen for further research.

Aujeszky

Aujeszky is often referred to as false rabies. This contagious viral disease affects the central nervous system of the cat and is hardly transmitted to humans.

Infection occurs through contact with sick animals or virus carriers, as well as by eating the meat of infected rodents and pigs. The incubation period lasts 1-15 days. Sick pets become restless and refuse to eat. The main symptom of the disease is severe itching.

The final stage of the disease is paralysis.

Treatment of the disease is carried out only in a veterinary clinic. It is carried out with antibiotics and gamma globulin.

Heat

Fever is an increase in a cat's body temperature. Fever can be caused by an infection, cold, or gastrointestinal disease. It is contraindicated to transport a cat if it has a fever, as this can exacerbate the course of the disease. It is advisable to call a veterinarian to the house and start treatment after the diagnosis and recommendations are received.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an infectious respiratory disease that almost always ends in the death of the animal. Symptoms of pneumonia include refusal to eat, constant thirst, purulent nasal discharge, and fever. At the first symptoms of the disease, the cat should be isolated. Pneumonia usually affects animals weakened by vitamin deficiency.

Performing an intra-abdominal injection

Treatment of pneumonia is carried out exclusively on the basis of the recommendations of the veterinarian using injections of antibiotics, oxytetracycline and sulfonamides.

Colibacillus

Escherichia coli disease leads to a change in the intestinal microflora and a large accumulation of microbes in the cat's body. As a rule, the disease proceeds extremely quickly and always ends with the death of the animal.

The symptoms of this disease are fever and bloody diarrhea.

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis is an infectious disease commonly transmitted by mice.

Symptoms of lymphocytic choriomeningitis include fever, heavy breathing, and weakness.

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis is dangerous for humans, it cannot be treated. After the diagnosis is established, the cat must be euthanized and an autopsy performed to determine the causative agent of lymphocytic choriomeningitis.

Abscesses

Usually, abscesses appear on the pads of the cat's paws. The causes of this disease have not been established by science. The abscesses can take several months to heal. In this case, the pet should constantly lie down, and the places where the abscesses appear should be regularly lubricated with a preparation based on fish oil and zinc ointment. It is impossible to start the disease, since in this case it will be almost impossible to cure the abscesses.

Avitaminosis

Lack of vitamin E (tocopherol) causes the cat's coat to lose its shine and look disheveled. Also, with a lack of tocopherol in the animal's body, irreversible changes in the muscles can occur and infertility can develop.

Vitamin supplements are created not only to improve the health of people, but also of our smaller brothers. These supplements can be purchased at pet stores.

Lack of vitamin C weakens the immune system, which can lead to the onset and development of many diseases. The lack of vitamin C in a cat's body is especially dangerous if its sleeping place is in a draft. Also, a lack of vitamin C in the body can lead to a pet's disease with scurvy.

Symptoms of scurvy include loose teeth, sore gums.

The solution should be changed every day, since vitamin C is chemically very active and easily reacts with water, which leads to a change in its molecular structure and properties.

The normal development of kittens' bones is possible only when vitamin D is present in their body in sufficient quantities, which is responsible for calcium-phosphorus metabolism. Calciferol prevents the development of rickets in kittens.

Deficiency of vitamin D leads to dysfunction of the locomotor system, curvature of the legs, spinal column, as well as delayed development and growth of the cat.

With a lack of vitamin A in the pet's body, his eyes begin to watery, digestion and the development of reproductive organs are disturbed. The activity of the upper respiratory tract may also change.

An excess of retinol in the body of a cat provokes accelerated bone growth, which results in an abnormal development of the skeleton.

Lack of vitamin B1 (thiamine) in the cat's body leads to general weakness and indigestion.

A deficiency of pantothenic acid causes liver dysfunction, and an insufficient amount of folic acid causes anemia.

The word "vitamin" comes from the Latin word "vita" - "life". Indeed, vitamins are critical factors in maintaining the life and health of cats of all ages.

When a cat does not have enough vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), it will experience a sharp decrease in body weight and may impair the function of the locomotor system.

Lack of vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) leads to hair loss in cats.

Lack of vitamin K (phylloquinone) develops as a result of long-term treatment of the pet with antibiotics. Lack of vitamin K in the body leads to loss of appetite and increased irritability of the pet.

Wounds

Wounds, depending on the cause of their occurrence and the nature of the damage, are divided into cut, stabbed, bruised, lacerated, crushed, bitten, gunshot and poisoned (wounds that have gotten chemicals).

When providing first aid, to prevent microbial infection of the wound, the wool around is removed, and the skin is lubricated with a 5% iodine solution.

Bleeding is stopped by applying a tight bandage, which also protects the wound from secondary contamination.

If bleeding occurs in the neck or trunk, a thick layer of gauze or absorbent cotton is applied to the wound and bandaged tightly. In order to accelerate stopping bleeding, the dressing can be moistened with a decoction of chamomile, oak bark, sage, alder cones, iodoform or alum solution.

Contaminated wounds are washed with warm soapy water or hydrogen peroxide, dried with sterile tampons, powdered with antiseptic powders and a protective bandage is applied. If the wound is very small (scratch, abrasion), it should be treated with antiseptic agents.

Bone fractures

Bone fractures are considered serious injuries and are usually the result of an accident. They vary according to location and severity. The least dangerous of these are fractures of the limbs, ribs and tail. Injury to the spine and skull of a cat most often leads to the death of the animal.

Fractures are hidden and open. A hidden limb fracture is accompanied by damage to soft tissues, severe pain, increased pressure and temperature, swelling of the damaged area.

In this case, a splint is applied to the damaged paw of the cat, and then the sick animal is delivered to the veterinarian who prescribes treatment.

With an open fracture of the ribs or extremities, muscles, skin, nerves and blood vessels are torn, profuse bleeding begins, accompanied by painful sensations and an increase in temperature. An affected cat may become unconscious. To help her, you should quickly clean the wound, apply a splint, and then take the cat to the veterinary clinic.

If you have any reason to suspect that your cat has damaged bones in the spine or skull, do not move it, as this will further harm it. Do not try to help your pet yourself. Cover him with a blanket and call the vet.

The nature of the fracture in a cat can be different. The most common are oblique, transverse, and fractured fractures. For their treatment, first of all, a gauze bandage and a splint should be applied to the affected part of the animal's body, and then the pet should be taken to a veterinary clinic, where he will be given painkillers, bone fragments will be set and a plaster cast will be applied.

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the lining of the eye. The main causes of this disease are physical and chemical irritants, the activity of bacteria. Conjunctivitis can be unilateral if only one eye is inflamed and bilateral if both eyes are affected.

The affected pet's eyes turn red and swollen, tears flow and eyelashes stick together. If untreated, the animal's condition rapidly deteriorates: vision is impaired, the eyelids swell, purulent discharge from the eyes appears, and the cornea becomes cloudy. The cat finally loses its sight.

If the owner notices that the cat's eyes are inflamed, the animal should be shown to a specialist as soon as possible. The veterinarian will make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe treatment.

Conjunctivitis is treated with a 3% solution of albucide, with which purulent crusts are soaked in the eyes. Then hydrocortisone or tetracycline ointment is placed under the eyelids of the animal. In case of corneal opacity under the eyelids of the cat, it is recommended to blow a mixture of powdered sugar and calomel daily 2 times a day.

Ingrown and breaking claws

In Siamese cats, which do not move much, claws often grow into the paw pads, causing soft tissue inflammation and pain. To prevent further development of this disease, ingrown cat claws should be shortened using special surgical forceps, damaged soft tissues should be treated with an antiseptic and bandaged.

Cracks often develop in cats' claws, which can subsequently lead to inflammation and falling off of the injured claw. To avoid this pathology, it is necessary to regularly trim the burrs and jagged edges of the cracks, and then cover them with epoxy.

Cracks and breaks appear when the claws come into contact with a hard and uneven surface. The faster the cat moves, the more the claws of the animal suffer.

Fungal diseases

Fungal diseases are extremely contagious. Violation of hygiene standards, spoiled food, inadequate nutrition, insufficient care for hair and skin are the main reasons for their occurrence.

Under ultraviolet rays, the fur of sick animals glows green in the dark. Treatment of such diseases usually lasts 5-40 days. At the same time, griseofulvin solution is injected into the cat's body through the anus every day.

The small area of ​​the skin areas affected by the fungus allows the use of an antifungal ointment for treatment, which is applied to the affected area 3 times a day for a week.

Microsporia is one of the most dangerous fungal diseases, the causative agent of which are microscopic pathogenic fungi that quickly infect a cat's hair, skin and claws. On the skin of the paws, neck and head of a sick pet, areas covered with gray scales and devoid of hair appear.

In most cases, microsporia infection occurs through contact with a sick animal. The incubation period of this fungal disease lasts from 10 to 30 days. The younger the cat, the more severely it suffers this disease.

Microsporia is often referred to as ringworm. It is extremely contagious and easily transmitted to humans. Therefore, at the first symptoms of the disease, the pet should be wrapped in an oilcloth or dense cloth and taken to a veterinarian who will prescribe treatment.

Dislocations

Cats of all ages can easily dislocate. Dislocations are divided into complete and incomplete (subluxations). With complete dislocation, the contact of the bones is completely lost, and with subluxation, it is partially retained.

In cases where the pet's skin at the site of the dislocation has not suffered, the dislocation is called simple, but if the skin is broken, soft tissues, tendons or vessels are damaged, then the dislocation is considered complicated.

The main signs of dislocation are forced unnatural position of the limb, lameness, shortening or lengthening of the limb. Signs of dislocation can be hidden by extensive hematomas.

Natural mobility of cats is often the cause of a wide variety of injuries. Small kittens especially often suffer from them.

Dislocation treatment is purely mechanical. Local anesthesia should be given to the cat before the dislocation is repaired. Reduction of dislocation begins with stretching the limb and ends by repeatedly bending or unbending the limb by pulling it inward or outward, setting the bone to its normal position. When the head of the bone enters the anatomically correct position, it emits a characteristic clicking sound. After the dislocation is reduced, active and passive movements are performed.

To prevent secondary dislocation of the kitten, an immobilizing bandage is made, which is not removed from the injured limb for 10-15 days.

Bruises

Bruises compromise the integrity of the blood and lymph vessels. There are four degrees of bruising.

1. Damage to the inner layers of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

2. Significant damage to tissues and organs.

3. Severe damage to the skin, muscles, tendons and even bone.

4. Complete crushing of tissues and crushing of bones.

For the treatment of bruises in a cat, she is given complete rest, prophylaxis of septic complications is carried out, and edema, hematomas and lymphoextravasates are prevented and eliminated. The skin is lubricated with a 5% alcohol solution of iodine or an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate.

In case of bruises of the 2nd degree, cold objects are applied to the sites of injuries, and pressure bandages are put on.

For bruises of the 3rd degree, compresses, alcohol-drying dressings are applied, antiseptic agents and novocaine blockades are used, and anti-shock measures are taken.

4-degree bruises are fatal for a cat.

Rhinitis

Rhinitis is a severe inflammatory process that affects the nasal mucosa. This disease is primary and secondary. Primary rhinitis develops immediately after exposure to the cat's body of irritating factors, which include smoke, draft, chemical vapors, etc. Secondary rhinitis is a consequence of the influence of various viruses on the animal's body and manifests itself after 1–5 days.

The main symptoms of the disease are profuse nasal discharge, swelling of the nasal passages, fever, swelling of the eyelids, shortness of breath, inflammation of the mucous membrane and lymph nodes. Sick animals sneeze, rub their noses with their paws, refuse food and quickly lose weight.

The best way to diagnose and treat rhinitis is to see your veterinarian. As a preventive measure, exposure to the cat's body of harmful chemical fumes and low temperatures should be excluded.

It is also necessary to prevent any contact of the pet with sick animals and people.

Laryngitis

Laryngitis is an inflammatory process that affects the lining of a cat's larynx. It occurs when the animal's body is exposed to viruses, chemical fumes, drafts and dampness, as well as when animals eat frozen foods.

The main symptoms of the disease: cough, heavy breathing, loss of appetite, fatigue, shortness of breath, sputum production, swelling of the larynx mucosa, voice change. In especially advanced cases, there is an increase in body temperature, rapid breathing and pulse.

The sick animal must be placed in a dry, clean and warm room. Only warm food can be fed to the affected cat, and its throat should be regularly warmed with compresses. Your veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics, expectorants, and disinfectants for treatment.

Bronchitis

Bronchitis usually affects weakened or old animals. This disease is characterized by inflammation of the bronchial mucosa of the respiratory tract.

The main causes of bronchitis are as follows:

- sudden changes in air temperature in the room where the cat lives;

- drafts;

- dampness;

- a large amount of mechanical and chemical impurities in the air that the animal breathes.

The main symptoms of the disease are painful cough, decreased appetite, increased body temperature, rapid breathing and pulse, shortness of breath.

A sick cat should be placed in a dry, warm room with good ventilation and no drafts. The animal's diet should be well balanced and high in vitamins. Treatment includes oral administration of disinfectants, expectorants, antiallergenic and laxatives to the pet.

Gastritis

Gastritis is the most common gastrointestinal disorder in cats. It is characterized by inflammation of the stomach and is caused by prolonged eating of spoiled, dry, too cold or hot food.

Symptoms of the disease are pain, vomiting, belching, general weakness, lack of appetite, bad breath from the mouth. For the treatment of gastritis, veterinarians recommend improving the quality of the food fed to the cat and changing the feeding regime.

Stomach ulcer

Stomach ulcers in cats may be due to the development of diseases of the internal organs or lack of treatment for gastritis. The development of this disease occurs with the destruction of the gastric mucosa.

Ulcer treatment should only take place under the supervision of a specialist. A sick pet needs rest and lightweight, good nutrition.

The main symptoms of the disease are pain, vomiting, loss of appetite, exhaustion, loss of energy, fever. There is blood in the vomit of a sick animal.

Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus mainly develops in cats suffering from obesity, physical and psychological trauma, inflammation of the pancreas and some infectious diseases.

With diabetes mellitus in the body of animals, there is a lack of insulin, which leads to a violation of protein metabolism and a decrease in the amount of antibodies formed.

The main symptoms of the disease are constant thirst and hunger, exhaustion, general weakness, the presence of large amounts of sugar in the urine of the animal.

The cat should be treated with insulin injections. Her diet should include fruit juices, boiled meat, still mineral water and fish.

Dental calculus

Tartar appears mainly in older cats. It is greenish-gray in color and forms on the outer lateral surfaces of the teeth.

Dental calculus consists of calcium salts, food debris, calcium carbonate, etc. It is formed gradually, first capturing the area of ​​the tooth in the immediate vicinity of the gums, and then moving higher - to the crown.

Tartar is harmful to a cat's mouth. It irritates the gums, causing inflammation of the oral mucosa. In a sick cat, the gums begin to bleed, and bad breath appears. Tartar deposits are not harmful to tooth enamel, but extensive gum inflammation can lead to tooth loss.

Tartar can be removed with special forceps. This is done in a veterinary clinic. Before starting the procedure, the cat is rigidly fixed in one position or given anesthesia.

Tooth decay

Tooth decay is a disease that leads to the destruction of tooth enamel. Dark spots appear on the surface of the tooth, in the center of which hollows are formed. A sick animal feels severe pain, loses its appetite, and an unpleasant odor emanates from its mouth.

The causes of tooth decay are unknown. Cats with cracks in their tooth enamel and a lot of tartar are especially prone to disease. To treat this disease, the animal must be taken to a veterinary clinic.

Auricle hematoma

Auricle hematoma appears as a result of scratching and biting of the ear and is a small accumulation of blood under the skin.

The main symptoms of the disease: swelling of the auricle, restless behavior, itching of the affected area.

To treat a hematoma, a cold compress should be applied to the affected area and a veterinarian should be consulted who will prescribe treatment.

Otitis externa

Inflammation of the ear canal is called otitis externa. The main cause of this disease is the penetration of foreign objects (insects, twigs, earth) or water into the auricle. Water enters the cat's ears, usually while swimming or walking during the rainy season.

The main symptoms of the disease are restless behavior and the presence of purulent discharge from the affected ear.

For the treatment of otitis externa, the auricle should be cleaned daily from pus with a damp cotton swab, which should not be moistened with liquids containing alcohol. The cleansed ear is treated with zinc ointment from the inside.

Herpes

Herpes is a contagious disease that does not require special treatment. Infection occurs through contact with a sick person or animal. Typically, cats do not show symptoms of the disease.

Infectious rhinotracheitis

Infectious rhinotracheitis is often referred to as herpesvirus tracheitis. In the course of this disease in cats, the organs of vision and respiration are affected. The disease is extremely contagious and easily transmitted to humans.

Mortality among Siamese cats affected with herpesvirus rhinotracheitis can reach 5–20%. Infection occurs through contact with sick animals.

The main symptoms of the disease are fever, cough, conjunctivitis, purulent discharge from the nose and mouth, ulcers on the tongue, etc.

Infectious rhinotracheitis is dangerous because in the course of its development other diseases arise, therefore its diagnosis is difficult, and the treatment prescribed by a veterinarian should be carried out in a comprehensive manner.

Accidents

The Siamese cat is a very restless and curious animal that must be constantly watched. An unattended cat can accidentally eat poison intended to kill rodents, fall from a balcony, get run over by a car, burn itself, drown, splinter its paw, scratch its tail on branches of bushes or trees, swallow a foreign object, or suffer from an insect bite.

To minimize the likelihood of an accident, the animal should not be allowed to eat carrion, dead birds and rodents, or food thrown by someone. It is not recommended to let cats go for a walk on the balcony of a high-rise apartment, near a deep reservoir, apiary or construction site.

If a Siamese cat still has an accident and is seriously injured, she needs to provide first aid as soon as possible, and then call a specialist or take the animal to a veterinary clinic.

Cats are very hardy and rarely become unconscious. This usually occurs when a person falls from a great height, is poisoned, drowns, heart attack, shock, or electric shock. The affected pet's breathing and pulse are slow, the eyes are closed, and the body is motionless.

Falling from great heights

Cats, unlike many other domestic animals, can move on surfaces located not only in the horizontal plane, but also in the vertical one. Their excellent eyes and strong muscles allow these agile animals to climb trees, sit on tall windowsills, walk on rooftops and jump to the floor from tall cabinets. However, situations often arise in which the cat, for one reason or another, could not maintain balance or stay on a high surface. If she falls, she will definitely experience a strong shock and, most likely, will lose consciousness. In the worst case scenario, a fallen cat will be seriously injured as a result of multiple bone fractures, wounds, internal bleeding or traumatic brain injury.

The higher the height from which the Siamese cat fell, the more it will suffer. However, a case is known when a 3-month-old kitten who fell from a balcony located on the fifth floor of a residential building not only did not lose consciousness, but did not receive any injury.

Poisoning

Cats are very curious and have a habit of tasting anything they like (rodent poison, matches, human medications, detergents and cleaners, antifreeze, some house plants, toxic gases and acids) that can become a source of poisoning. Stale food is equally dangerous.

Some rodent poisons and sulfur coating for matches are made using phosphorus. A cat can eat poison out of curiosity, and gnaw matches during the game. Symptoms of phosphorus poisoning are vomiting and bad breath. In some cases, the vomit of an injured cat glows in the dark.

Warfarin is one of the main ingredients of some poisons for killing rodents. The main symptoms of poisoning with this chemical are bleeding from the nose, ears, respiratory tract, anus, etc.

Mercury, used to make some ointments and thermometers, often causes severe poisoning, often fatal. In a sick animal, profuse vomiting begins, small ulcers appear on the mucous membrane of the mouth, the body temperature drops rapidly, convulsions begin, uremia develops and paralysis occurs.

In case of poisoning with acids (vinegar essence, acid-containing detergents) in a cat, the digestive system and respiratory tract are affected. This type of poisoning is very rare. In a sick animal, digestion is disturbed, salivation increases, breathing becomes heavy, lips and tongue swell. For first aid, the injured cat should be given a soda solution that neutralizes the acid.

When a cat is poisoned with toxic gases, vomiting begins, gums and lips turn red, salivation increases, belching appears, breathing becomes heavy and rare, and gait becomes uncertain. Toxic gases include combustion products of wood and oil products, exhaust gases, household and carbon monoxide gases. The affected pet must be taken out into the fresh air and given strong black coffee to drink.

Poisoning is perhaps one of the main causes of the death of many pets. Often, toxic substances act on the animal's body very quickly, and the time during which the pet can be helped is limited. Therefore, if you notice that your pet has eaten poison or got dirty in a toxic substance, he needs to be given first aid, and then taken to the clinic as soon as possible for a thorough examination and treatment.

To assist a poisoned Siamese cat, the following steps should be taken:

- to establish what kind of toxic substance caused the animal's discomfort. Different pesticides and medicines have different chemical compositions; knowing it, the veterinarian will be able to diagnose faster;

- try to understand how much of the poisonous substance got into the cat's stomach;

- if the pet starts vomiting, place its sample in a separate plastic bag for analysis;

- if the cat has swallowed antifreeze or a large number of tablets, it is recommended to do a gastric lavage as soon as possible. To do this, the cat should be given a 30% solution of hydrogen peroxide;

- if the cat has swallowed a caustic poisonous substance (acidic detergents, kerosene, alkali), do not try to induce vomiting in it, as this will greatly worsen the situation. The fact is that the poisonous substance will act even while it is being removed from the body. In such a situation, the animal should be given a drug that neutralizes the poison;

- to neutralize alkali, the cat is recommended to give 3 tablespoons of lemon juice or vinegar, diluted in 4 tablespoons of cold boiled water. To neutralize the acid, which is usually found in many bleaching and cleaning products, you can use a solution of magnesium oxide, which is prepared at the rate of 1 teaspoon of oxide for every 2-3 kg of pet weight;

- if a poisonous substance enters the cat's stomach, it can be given a tablet of activated carbon, which will partially absorb toxins; however, the poison will remain in the body, so the animal will still have to be taken to the veterinarian;

- milk is a product that strongly weakening the effect of poison on the body. However, it should not be given to cats with obvious symptoms of poisoning, since any liquid can provoke choking;

- Chocolate contains a large amount of theobromine, which is bad for the health of cats. A few sweets will not have a pronounced negative effect on the animal's body, however, if the pet has eaten one or more chocolate bars, the animal should be taken to the veterinary clinic as soon as possible for examination and treatment;

- Certain indoor plants, such as Dieffenbachia, Caladium, Foxglove, Holly, Philodendron, Cyclamen, Dragonfly, Mistletoe and Azalea, can poison your cat. In this case, the animal does not need to swallow a leaf or a fragment of the stem, it is enough only to chew it. When you ask your veterinarian for help, show him the leaf of the plant that caused your pet to feel unwell. This will help him quickly diagnose and find an antidote;

- if in the process of treating a cat for any disease, it becomes necessary to give it a certain amount of a drug, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the recommendations of the veterinarian, since an overdose of the drug will produce the exact opposite of the desired effect.

In this case, the animal should do a gastric lavage as soon as possible and call the veterinarian;

- if a poison gets on the skin or hair of a cat, the animal should be bathed, given milk and taken to a veterinary clinic.

Drowning

Cats do not swim well and try not to come close to the water. If an accident nevertheless occurs and the animal in the water does not breathe and does not move, it should be pulled out onto land as soon as possible, firmly grasped by its hind legs and strongly shaken, freeing the pet's lungs from liquid. Then the cat needs to be given artificial respiration and, if necessary, heart massage, and then taken to the veterinary clinic.

- remove foreign objects from her mouth and move her tongue aside; - Take the cat's face into your mouth and for several minutes blow air into its mouth and nostrils with force. This should be done until the animal normalizes breathing.

First aid for drowning

Artificial respiration can be alternated with chest compressions, which are performed by rhythmic pressing with the palms of the hands on the cat's chest.

Seizures

Seizures can be caused by poisoning, brain injury, epilepsy, etc. During a seizure, the cat breathes heavily, begins to cramps and vomits, and urination may occur.

During a seizure, you cannot put your finger in the mouth of the animal to pull out the tongue, since it does not control itself and can accidentally bite. Also, do not transfer the cat to another place. If the seizure lasts more than 5-10 minutes, it is recommended that you call your veterinarian.

Suffocation

If the cat feels suffocating, she starts shaking her head violently. Her gums turn pale, salivation increases, movements become sharp. During a particularly severe attack, the animal may lose consciousness.

To help your pet, you need to carefully examine its mouth and throat. If there are foreign objects in them, it is recommended to take the animal by its hind legs and shake it. If you were unable to remove the foreign body on your own, take the pet to the veterinary clinic, where specialists will examine the cat and take the necessary measures.

Heart attack

Heart attacks in cats are rare. Its main symptoms are: rare and heavy breathing, high blood pressure and body temperature, dark gums, and the final stage is collapse. When the first signs of malaise appear, the cat should be doused with cold water, which will quickly lower the body temperature. Then you need to wrap the animal in a dense cloth and take it to the veterinary clinic to receive the necessary assistance.

Shock

In case of severe pain as a result of falling, hypothermia, burns, or severe nervous shock, the cat may go into shock.

The affected cat's heartbeat and breathing become rapid and the gums turn pale. The animal reacts poorly to the voice and actions of people nearby. The cat's movements become unsteady. In such a situation, it is best to wrap the pet in a blanket and take it to the veterinary clinic.

Electric shock

Cats, especially young cats, if left unattended, may chew live electrical wires during play. After passing through the body of the animal, the electric current instantly causes a collapse.

The main symptoms of electric shock are: lack of movement, burns to the lips and tongue, respiratory arrest and cardiac arrest. If the affected animal has a bitten wire in its mouth, it should be carefully disconnected from the outlet and, without touching the cat, call the veterinarian.

A bite of an insect

The short hair of Siamese cats serves these animals as poor protection against the bites of mosquitoes, bees and wasps, which only in rare cases pose a danger to the life and health of the pet, but are always accompanied by pain.

If the cat is stung by a bee, you should carefully examine the sting site to make sure there is no sting or its presence. If the insect has left its sting, it should be carefully removed with tweezers.

To alleviate the pain associated with the bite and reduce skin irritation, it is recommended to moisten the affected area every 10–20 minutes with milk, magnesium oxide, ammonia, aloe juice or soda solution, which is prepared at the rate of 1 teaspoon of baking soda for 4 tablespoons of water.

Pain and skin irritation from a bee sting can also be relieved with 0.5% hydrocortisone ointment, which is applied in a thin layer to the affected area, or a cold compress, for which you take several ice cubes and wrap them in a napkin.

Smell helps cats learn about the world around them. They diligently sniff every object that interests them, endangering their nose, which most often becomes a victim of insects. Small kittens can also get hurt while playing. If they catch a bee or a wasp with their paws or jaws, the insect will surely sting them in the palate or tongue. Bites of this kind are very dangerous, can cause asphyxiation and death of the animal, so the injured cat must be taken to the veterinary clinic as soon as possible.

Splinters

A cat can splinter its paw with a plant thorn, wood chip, splinter, metal shavings, glass wool, or fish bone. Having penetrated the skin, the foreign body injures the soft tissue, causing inflammation and pain.

To remove deep-seated splinters, you should seek the help of your veterinarian, as surgery may be required.

Bites

Unattended cats often fall prey to their larger brethren, dogs and even rats.

The saliva of all animals contains a large number of bacteria, so every wound resulting from a bite is potentially dangerous to the health of the animal.

Rabies is a disease that is quite rare in most civilized countries. The disease is usually transmitted by bites from dogs, wolves, raccoons and other wild animals. A cat infected with rabies becomes a carrier of the disease and poses a considerable danger to humans. In order to exclude the possibility of the spread of this virus, it is recommended that an animal with bite marks on its body be taken to a veterinarian and placed in quarantine until the final diagnosis is made.

If the likelihood of a pet becoming infected with a bite with any disease is minimal, the cat can be helped at home. Of course, in the presence of severe injuries, the animal will still have to be shown to a specialist.

The main symptoms of malaise caused by a strong bite: pain, open wound, bleeding.

Before you start giving your cat first aid, you should protect yourself from a possible attack from her side. Even the slightest touch to the injured area will cause pain in the animal, and it can scratch or bite the owner. If a cat's paw is injured, the animal can be wrapped in a thick blanket or towel, and the affected limb can be fixed with a splint. If the wound is on the body, the animal will have to be held by its paws during dressing.

It is almost impossible to do this alone, so it is recommended to enlist the support of another person before starting the procedure.

The Siamese cat is a small animal, so you cannot put a muzzle on it. If such a need nevertheless arises, it is recommended to use the "Elizabethan collar", which is easily made with the help of improvised means. To do this, cut out a circle with a diameter of 25 cm from thick cardboard with a small segment cut out of it (1/6 of the workpiece), in the center of which cut a hole slightly larger than the girth of the animal's neck. The collar is fixed with a cord passed through the holes located on the sides of the product.

When treating wounds received by a pet, it is recommended to use strong antibacterial drugs that are commercially available in the form of creams and powders. Then a bandage is applied to the injured area.

The owners of Siamese cats, going on travel, often take pets with them, which can become a victim of poisonous snakes or spiders, whose bites are very dangerous. The affected animal's breathing becomes heavy and movement becomes stiff. In this case, to provide first aid to the cat, a special anti-snake serum should be introduced and given coffee or tea to drink, after adding a little alcohol to the drink, and then the animal should be delivered to the veterinary clinic.

It should be noted that the lack of qualified assistance with a poisonous snake bite can lead to the death of the cat.

Burn

Contact of the fur or skin of an animal with fire, hot water or air, as well as hot objects leads to a burn of soft tissues in the cat. At the same time, the injured pet feels severe pain, its skin turns red, the body temperature rises, the coat partially burns, breathing and heart rate increase.

Complications in the postpartum period

After the completion of the birth process, the veterinarian conducts an examination. Modern medical methods (X-ray, palpation, etc.) allow examining the state of the uterus and definitely exclude retained placenta or fetus.

Your doctor will give you an injection of oxytocin to help involution of the uterus and stimulate lactation, and to prevent the spread of postpartum infection. The veterinarian will conduct a study of milk according to various parameters and draw a conclusion about its quality. If the cat's milk is found to be thick, curdled, clear or yellowish, this will mean that the animal is sick and the milk is infected.

Throughout the first postpartum week, the mother's temperature is kept under control (measurement is carried out once a day). Its rise to 39.4 ° C and above signals complications.

Dark green or reddish discharge from the genital tract is normal. They are noted in the first 7-10 days and usually last up to 3 weeks. In contrast, brownish or green serous-hemorrhagic discharge indicates infection of the uterus or retained placenta. They last more than 3 weeks and, in addition, they are accompanied by intermittent fever, depression, and loss of strength.

Postpartum complications include various degrees of mastitis (acute mastitis, mastitis, congestive mastitis), postpartum hemorrhage (hemorrhage), hypogalactia, and milk fever. They also include some mental disorders and emotional disorders, which can be expressed in aggression, rejection of kittens.

Purulent discharge lasting more than 3 weeks also indicates the severity of complications and requires urgent specialist help.

The Siamese cat is one of the most widespread breeds in the world. She is distinguished by a specific color, which is her trademark - this is a darker tone of the ears, muzzle, paws and tail (color-point).

The Siamese cat has a very ancient origin. The exact place and time of the appearance of this breed is still a mystery. There are many legends about the Siamese cat. Cats came to Europe from Siam at the end of the nineteenth century. Before that, cats had never been taken out of the country and were considered a national treasure. Cats lived in royal families and in temples. They were idolized, worshiped, zealously guarded from outsiders. Cats were indispensable participants in religious ceremonies. No records of the development of the breed have survived. The history of the modern Siamese cat began in 1884. Then the British consul received cats as a gift from the King of Siam and took them to England. It is these cats that are the progenitors of all Siamese living in Europe today. Later cats of this breed spread throughout the world. The first breed standard was established at the beginning of the twentieth century, and the modern standard was adopted in the fifties of the last century.

The Siamese cat is medium in size, has a strong bone, muscular and slender body, she has grace and grace. The head of a Siamese cat is small in size, has a pronounced wedge-shaped shape. The ears are an extension of the lateral parts of the head. The tip of the nose and the tips of the ears form an equilateral triangle. The nose is straight, profile without a depression from the nose to the forehead. The chin is medium - neither massive nor weak. The ears are very large, wide at the base and pointed at the ends. The eyes are almond-shaped, of medium size. The outer corners of the eyes are located much higher than the inner corners. Eye color - from blue to blue. Color saturation is encouraged. The limbs of the Siamese cat are proportional, long. The hind legs are longer than the front ones. Feet are oval and small in size. The tail is thin, long, narrowed towards the tip. The tail hall, once considered a sign of high bred, is in fact a genetic defect and will result in disqualification. The color is in the form of dark spots on the face, ears, paws and tail. The spots on the face should not merge with the spots on the ears. The coat is short, smooth, close-fitting and extremely pleasant to the touch.

In our time, the color of Siamese cats is very diverse. The presence of dark spots on the face, ears, paws and tail remains unchanged. This color is called "color point", but it has several variations. The most common is considered a seal point - a pale cream or light brown main background and dark brown spots. This color is considered classic, it is with him that most of us associate the Siamese breed of cats. In addition to this color, there are the following combinations of the main color and point: light blue - dark blue, yellowish white - dark brown, white - lilac-gray, cream - red, white - light cream. All of the above colors can have points with a pattern: striped or tortoiseshell.

Siamese cats are owners of a rather difficult character. They are willful, independent and stubborn. Siamese cats are temperamental, energetic, love games, they have a highly developed hunting instinct. At the same time, they are very smart, sociable, adore their master, are strongly attached to him and follow him everywhere. They are so affectionate that they can sometimes seem intrusive. With due care, they will pay with goodness and loyalty. In no case should it be wrong to offend Siamese cats, and punishment can only be done in justice, otherwise a sensitive cat will remember the offense for a long time. The Siamese cat loves to be the center of events, she has a great need for communication. Returning home after a long absence, you just need to spend as much time with her as possible: play and give a delicious treat. The Siamese cat can afford to voice and release its claws in case of disagreement with the actions of the owner. She wants the owner to take her opinion into account. This is one of the most "talkative" cats. Her voice is very different from the meows of other cats. The Siamese is not only the most talkative, but also the loudest cat. She knows how to change the timbre and pitch of her voice depending on the situation: from a subtle plaintive meow to a disgusting howl. The cat is very jealous and does not allow the presence of other animals in the house. The Siamese cat treats strangers with distrust. Siamese cats are similar to dogs in their devotion, curiosity and love for the owner. Representatives of this breed are easy to train, which is not typical for most cats. The owner of a Siamese cat must be patient to endure its increased activity, mobility, exactingness and obstinacy.

Siamese cats are distinguished by quite good natural health. For the animal to live a long and happy life, the owner must provide him with proper care. Your cat needs a balanced and varied diet. The eyes require special attention. Healthy eye discharge should be removed with clean swabs. Strong discharge from the eyes is a signal of the development of any disease, in this case, you should contact your veterinarian. The ears must be monitored constantly so as not to trigger possible diseases. Healthy ears should be periodically cleaned with a clean swab moistened with hydrogen peroxide and ear drops should be instilled for prevention, which will be advised by a specialist. The coat of the Siamese cat does not require special care. As a rule, short-haired cats can take care of their own fur coat. However, it is advisable to scratch the cat in order to get rid of hair getting into the cat's stomach and from unnecessary cleaning in the apartment. Siamese cats tend to darken over time. It is believed that the darkening of the coat is caused by cold. It is important that the cat is kept in a warm and dry environment, try to avoid drafts.

Siamese cats. Personality, care, illness and treatment

The visiting card of Siamese cats is the original color of the legs, which is not found in any of the cat breeds. They are also distinguished by their lightness, small size and an arrowhead-like head. No breed can boast of a relationship with the Siamese, whose uniqueness has never been diluted by crossing.

Siamese cats. A bit of history

Siamese cats come from Thailand, then called Siam. They were surrounded by an aura of holiness, were venerated in temples, participated in the rituals of the royal family and were protected by the law, which prohibited the export of Siamese from the country. Later, the taboo was violated by the ruler himself, and Siamese cats began to breed in Europe.

The Siamese cat is a frequent character in Thai legends. For example, one of the myths tells of a princess from Siam using a cat's tail as a storage for rings while swimming in the river. Once the cat "did not keep track" of the jewelry: the wedding ring disappeared, and the Infanta has since secured the tip of her pet's tail with a knot.

By the way, the tail with knots and kinks used to be a distinctive feature of this breed. Later it turned out that similar features appear in offspring from close relatives: now their presence indicates insufficient purity of the litter.

The homeland of the Siamese cat has been established, but the ancestors are still unknown. The most likely version is a wild Bengal cat: the gestation time for both individuals is the same and lasts more than 65 days, all the other breeds of cats carry kittens for 55–65 days.

At the end of the 19th century, the king of Siam made a generous gift to the English monarchs, which was brought by the consul and served as the beginning of the spread of Siamese cats across European territory. Later, the breed appeared on the American continent and in other states. The Siamese breed today has four dozen species.

Pedigree kittens are initially snow-white, later their color changes. The color of the coat is dark brown (seal-point), chocolate, purple and blue, its texture is short, thick and shiny. The Siamese cat is graceful due to its small size and thin bones, but has strong muscular legs.

The main distinguishing features of a purebred Siamese cat are:

• eyes, their shade should be bright blue (occasionally green are found), and the shape should be almond-shaped;
• the tips of the paws with a unique darkening (this color is possible due to the difference in skin temperature: in the colder extreme areas, dark pigment prevails in the fur);
• "Mask" on the face.
• Breed standards
• Siamese cats are characterized by the following indicators:
• a small, graceful and muscular body, an elongated and thin neck, as well as shoulders and chest, the same width as the hips;
• long slender limbs with compact oval legs;
• tail resembling a long whip, pointed at the edge;
• wedge-shaped head, elongated straight nose bridge, flat forehead, narrow muzzle, shaped chin;
• almond-shaped eyes, color - azure or bright green;
• impressive size triangular ears;
• * coat with short, satin and densely growing hair, no undercoat.

The nature of Siamese cats

Siamese cats have a keen mind and a passion for learning about the world around them. The future owner who decides to purchase a representative of this breed should be ready for his jealous and not always predictable character: the pet prefers the company of the owner, tries to accompany him everywhere.

They need to devote a lot of time, but the patient and loving will be rewarded: the Siamese are playful, gentle and selflessly devoted to the owner, perfectly trained and able to demonstrate all kinds of tricks. Many owners note that the habits of this breed are somewhat similar to those of a dog: in exchange for attentiveness, love and patience, Siamese cats endow them with devotion and affection.

The voice of the Siamese cat is quite unusual: it is loud, with a harsh timbre, and at the same time the cats love to talk. You should not purchase this breed if such modulations annoy you, and if an active and energetic pet is a burden to you. Mobility and a constant desire to be in sight, in the thick of things, will be very useful in a large family: the cat will be satisfied, having received its share of attention from everyone, while no one will have time to get bored.

not whimsical when it comes to warmth

If there is already another pet, cat or dog breed in the house, then their getting along with a Siamese cat will depend on the characters of both parties: both development options are equally possible.

How to care for a Siamese cat

Thanks to the short hair and the absence of undercoat, caring for the Siamese cat is minimized. It is very easy to comb it, even a master's hand is suitable for this: moisten the palm and stroke the pet along the growth of the coat, towards the tail. All stray hairs will remain in the palm of your hand.

Like all felines, the Siamese cat should be bathed regularly, its ears should be cleaned, and its teeth should be brushed. It is better to start all these procedures while your pet has not yet grown up: firstly, he will get used to it and will accept them without resistance, and secondly, this breed is prone to dental diseases.

Siamese cats can live up to twenty years with careful handling. Their inherent diseases are the same as in most felines: these are genetic problems, as well as common diseases of cats. These include:

• amyloidosis of the liver, subsequently leading to liver failure;
• the development of breast cancer;
• an increase in the myocardium, or heart muscle (cardiomyopathy);
• dental diseases (gingivitis, tartar and others);
• strabismus (it is very rare, and in ancient times, like nodules on the tail, was considered a sign of the breed);
• usual ailments (worms, lichen, fleas - are cured by the forces of the owners).

Fortunately, serious diseases in Siamese cats are rare, and the absence of the rest depends almost entirely on the attentive and careful attitude of the owner to his pet. Give your pet attention and love, and he wholeheartedly warms your heart.

And below is not a Siamese, but also a beautiful cat:

Genetic diseases of Thai cats are the damage to the nervous system. Often they have:

Also, Thai cats have frequent colds. The respiratory system of animals before puberty is quite vulnerable, therefore it is in kittens that rhinotracheitis and calcivirosis most often occur. They are characterized by:

• redness of the mucous membranes of the eyes;
• fever;
• runny nose.

With calcivirosis, ulcers may also appear on the tip of the nose. In most cases, these common diseases disappear without a trace, but sometimes they cause pneumonia and arthritis. And for young animals, they can sometimes turn into serious consequences and death. Therefore, for Siamese kittens, the prevention of respiratory pathologies is very important, which consists in proper nutrition, the use of vitamins and minerals, etc.

Whatever diseases of the Siamese cat breed struck your pet, a wide range of products of the Internet store "Zooset" will help you cope with them. In our catalog you can find and order with delivery at low prices everything you need for the treatment and prevention of common diseases of adult Siamese cats and kittens.

Beautiful and prosperous animals delight the eye and cause us a lot of positive emotions. A cat living in a house, regardless of its origin, must be healthy and well-groomed.

It should not be forgotten that her health, mood, appearance, her life entirely depend on you.

Remember that following the rules of hygiene and timely vaccination are the best means of preventing diseases!

Deworming

One of the most essential elements of the prevention and treatment of cat diseases is the elimination of worms. Therefore, before; how to get a kitten, it is imperative to find out whether he received antihelminthic prophylaxis.

Symptoms With clinical symptoms of helminthic invasion in a cat, the stool changes, which affects its general condition. Observed: enlargement of the liver, diarrhea, alternating with vomiting and constipation; decreased appetite, weight loss, exhaustion or increased appetite with obvious weight loss, anemia; sometimes protrusion of the third eyelid, lacrimation. For an upset stomach: mucus or blood in the feces.

Treatment and prevention. Before giving a medication to a cat, it is necessary to identify the type of worms in order to find a more effective drug. If, for some reason, you have not been tested by a veterinarian, antihelminthic drugs with a combined effect are used. Nowadays, a wide range of broad-spectrum antihelminthics is presented on the veterinary market (drontal, droncit, azinox plus, febtal, etc.). The most reliably recommended among them are drugs from BAYER AG. When giving a medicine, you need to strictly adhere to the annotation to it in order to know how, in what dosage, in what form it should be given and what possible complications may follow.

The first deworming (according to indications) of kittens, simultaneously with the mother, is carried out on the 20-21st day from the moment of birth.

The second deworming is carried out at 2.5 months, a week before vaccination. Before mating, cats must undergo preventive deworming.

During pregnancy, deworm
Not recommended.

Vaccination

Various vaccines are used to prevent dangerous infectious diseases of cats, although no modern vaccine provides 100% immunity against serious diseases.

The period from 6 to 16 weeks of age is the most dangerous for kittens, since their bodies are not yet able to develop immunity. They have a period of 1-2 weeks when colostral (passive) immunity disappears, but active immunity is not yet present. Therefore, suckling kittens are vaccinated after six weeks of age, but no later than 12-16 weeks.

Since each kitten or adult animal $) is individual, kept in different conditions, a specialist should vaccinate them!

It is advisable to start vaccination of kittens after preliminary treatment against worms 7 days before vaccination.

Young animals are very susceptible to some infectious diseases - panleukopenia (a complex of viral respiratory diseases of cats), feline leukemia, rabies. In some cases, feline infectious peritonitis, pneumonia, and chlamydobacteriosis of felines are observed. Kittens need to be vaccinated against these diseases as soon as they reach the age at which their bodies are able to develop immunity. All vaccines must be administered in a timely manner.

Subsequently, these vaccines are used once a year once for the rest of the life of the animal.

Rabies vaccination is done according to the intensity indicators of a given area of ​​residence for this infection.

Flea control

The common cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) is the main cause of skin lesions in cats. An adult flea is a small, dark brown insect that can be seen with the naked eye. The flea has no wings and cannot fly, but it has powerful hind legs and jumps a great distance. Fleas move very quickly and are difficult to catch - unlike ticks and lice. Fleas feed on blood. In many cats, their bites cause only mild itching, but severe infestation can lead to anemia and even death of the cat. In addition, fleas are also carriers of some types of worms and therefore play a huge role in their spread. They can carry viruses and bacteria of various infectious diseases (plague, tularemia). Some cats have an increased sensitivity to flea saliva, intense itching, local or general skin reactions.

The course of the disease. Within 48 hours, when the fleas have sucked blood, they mate on the cat's skin. During her life cycle, the female lays 2000 eggs. Eggs ripen under furniture, in carpets, in cracked floors, in bedding. An ideal environment for them is a fleecy carpet. After 10 days, larvae hatch from the eggs and feed on organic food nearby. The larvae spin a cocoon and turn into pupae. After leaving the pupa, the flea looks for its owner. If she does not find it, she can go without food for two weeks.

From the foregoing, it means that one should not only treat the animals themselves, but also process the premises surrounding them. Thus, you can prevent the possibility of secondary infection.

In any case, if you have a problem, it is best to call the club or veterinarian and consult on how to proceed in a given situation! Treatment. For the treatment (treatment) of animals and premises, you should use only those drugs and agents that have a guide for use, where, first of all, it should be indicated that the drug is harmless, then the details and manufacturers. Preparations differ in consistency: liquid (solutions or concentrates), aerosols, powders, soaps, ointments. They are all divided into two groups: insecticides and repellents. The former are more likely to destroy insects, the latter have a deterrent effect. Shampoos, aerosols, concentrates - insecticides. They must be used very carefully: poisons act not only on fleas, but also on the animal's body.

Fighting ticks

Ticks are microscopic arachnids that live on the skin or ear canals of a cat. All mites can transmit diseases and cause skin diseases: from dandruff to weeping dermatitis with areas of damaged hair, as if eaten away by moths.

If you suspect that your cat has been infected with a tick, you should go to a veterinarian for a laboratory examination. And only after the results of the examination, confirming your suspicions, should you start treatment.

Ear mites (otodectosis). The most common disease in cats. The causative agents of the disease are small mites otodeetes cynotis that live in the external auditory canal and feed on the remnants of the skin (epidermis). Most often, ear damage is observed in kittens (most often already in the nest, from the mother) and young cats. Examine your ears carefully, as both ears are often affected.

How to administer medications. If treatment is necessary, remember: the medicine is injected only into a clean ear.

Medicines are administered with either a pipette or an ear tube (with an elongated tip). To inject medication with a pipette, you must hold the cat tightly so as not to accidentally damage the ear canal. The ear is turned outward and pressed against the head. The pipette tip or tube tip is inserted into the ear canal within sight. Squeeze out some ointment or apply 3-4 drops of the solution. Considering that the ear canal first goes vertically, and then horizontally, it is important that the medicine gets into the horizontal canal, since most infections are located there. For this purpose, massage the base of the ear for 20 seconds (you will hear squelching sounds).

Medicines are contraindicated for otitis media, if there is damage to the tympanic membrane. Only after an otoscopy, in the absence of a ruptured eardrum, the doctor can prescribe drugs for local use.

With prolonged use of antibiotics, allergic reactions may develop, bacteria insensitivity to them, fungi (mycosis) and yeast-like microorganisms (candidiasis) appear. When using antibiotics, strictly follow the manufacturer's recommendations. With proper treatment, improvement is observed after 2-3 days. If there is no effect, immediately contact your veterinarian.

Symptoms A characteristic symptom is intense itching (the cat violently scratches its ears and shakes its head). The discharge from the ear is dark brown like coffee grounds and has an unpleasant odor. Constant scratching can lead to hair loss, scabs and bald patches. Secondary bacterial infection often joins. To make a diagnosis, remove some sulfur with a cotton swab and examine the contents under a microscope against a dark background. Ticks are pinhead-sized white specks that are mobile.

Sometimes mites leave the ear canal and appear on the body. They spread extremely quickly among dogs and cats (but not humans). If there are other animals in the house, they should certainly be treated with anti-tick drugs.

Do not start treatment without laboratory results.

Clean your cat's ears regularly. Earwax and sloughing epithelial cells are excellent food for ticks. In addition, they limit the penetration of drugs.

An antibiotic is given if the disease is complicated by a bacterial infection.

The most effective and easy-to-use remedy for removing ear mites is Advantage. When using Advantage when pre-cleaning your ears, it is not recommended to use oily solutions. 1-2 drops of Advantage are injected once into each ear. At a very advanced stage, the procedure should be repeated. Be careful not to overdose!