Sooner or later, the question of the design of the tracks on the site arises before all the owners of the sites. The use of paving slabs for this purpose is one of the simplest, most reliable and beautiful. Therefore, for self-production and installation, you will need instructions on how to make a vibrating table for paving slabs with your own hands. This article will consider all the nuances of assembling the device, as well as the recommendations of specialists for the manufacture of the frame and the choice of the engine.
The vibrating table is used for the production of polymer-sand paving slabs, concrete elements of the fence, figures, monuments, statues, by the method of vibration casting A vibrating table, or as it is also called, a vibropress, is a special device designed for the manufacture of paving slabs. The main advantage of this device is considered to be the ability of its working surface to make oscillatory movements. In addition, the vibrating table can be used for other purposes, for example, for making monuments, sections of concrete fences, etc.
With the help of a vibrating table and special forms, paving slabs of any size and configuration can be made As for the independent manufacture of a vibrating table, this is most often resorted to when they want to independently engage in the manufacture of paving slabs for decorating their own yard. Although in some cases this method is used to organize your own small business.
Of course, using a vibrating table, it is definitely not possible to engage in production on an industrial scale, but given that it can be made from scrap materials, and with its main functions - eliminating air bubbles and compacting the composition of forms, such a device will cope perfectly.
We will consider in as much detail as possible what is needed in order to make a homemade vibrating table, as well as step-by-step instructions for its manufacture.
A vibrating table can be purchased at a hardware store or made independently from scrap materials Varieties of equipment for the production of paving slabs
Vibrating tables are different, and before proceeding to manufacture, it is necessary to decide on a suitable option and its features. So, depending on the direction of vibration, the following types of devices are distinguished:
- Horizontal vibration models.
- Vertical vibration models.
The devices are divided into these types depending on how exactly the rotor is located in them. At the same time, the first option (a table with horizontal vibration) is more popular.
Depending on the installation method, vibration tables can also be divided into two types: stationary and portable (mobile). But depending on the specialization of devices, there are those that are intended for the formation of products, as well as those that are designed to remove the finished product from the mold using vibration.
Externally, the molding and molding tables are practically the same, except perhaps for a special nozzle with holes, on which the mold is installed, from which the finished product is to be removed.
Structural diagram of a vibrating machine for the production of paving slabs If you want to make your own machine for the production of paving slabs, it will be enough to make a vibrating table with horizontal vibration. At the same time, the tiles can be removed in two ways: manually (usually flexible forms are used in a home workshop) or by installing a demoulding nozzle.
Paving slab manufacturing technology: the principle of the machine
In order to understand how to make a particular device correctly, you need to understand the manufacturing technology of those elements for which it was designed. Therefore, we will consider the principle of operation of the vibrating table and what each of its constituent parts is intended for.
The working surface of the table is attached to the bed by means of a special system of springs, if we are talking about a device for horizontal vibration, or by means of suspensions, in the case of vertical devices. Due to the work of the electric motor of the rated power, on the shaft of which the eccentric, the tabletop is set in motion. By shifting the eccentric, the center of gravity changes, resulting in the desired vibration. For the convenience of working with the vibration table, the height of the base legs should be taken into account.
How to make a vibrating table with your own hands: drawings and description
A general idea of the vibrating table device can be obtained by reading the sketch. But for the independent manufacture of such a structure, a full-fledged drawing will be required, which will take into account all the nuances and indicate in advance the required dimensions of each of the elements.
Before starting to create a drawing, it is worth considering the two most popular options: for beginners and for masters. In the first case, the vibropress has a simpler design, but at the same time it allows you to perform the main task - to form products. Assembly, maintenance and care of such a device are quite simple and quite within the power of even a novice master.
Useful advice! Over time, additional functions such as a sand sifter can be added to this simple design. The main thing is to correctly carry out all the necessary calculations so that the addition of new functions does not cause the failure of the main elements.
More complex designs, intended for craftsmen, initially combine a vibrating press and a sand sifter. In assembly, such a design is more complicated, however, it is convenient in that it facilitates the process of obtaining the components of the desired fraction.
Diagram of the bed and the deforming nozzle for the vibrating table Step-by-step instructions for making a vibrating table with horizontal vibration
The first thing you should pay attention to before starting work is the size of the countertop. It is believed that the minimum size of the surface should be 600x600, since with narrower sides, the forms will fall in the process of movement. In addition, a narrow structure will have less stability.
Useful advice! If, in the process of making paving slabs at home, the forms still subside, you can try to reduce their number. This will negatively affect the performance of the device, but in this case the number of tiles damaged due to falling tiles will be reduced.
To a large extent, the size of the vibrating table is determined by the required volume of production. We can say that there is a direct relationship here - the more elements must be made at one time, the larger the countertop area must be. Naturally, a large vibrating press will require a more powerful motor, and the materials from which the structure will be assembled must be very strong.
Vibrating table base and unbalance fixing As for the height of the vibrating table, it all depends on the individual data of the person who is going to work behind it. The standard height, which is optimal for a person of average height, is considered to be 90-100 cm.
Important! When deciding on the height of the table, it is worth taking into account the installation method that will be used. So, for example, if a stationary device needs to be dug into the ground and cemented, then the length of the table legs must be taken into account in advance.
Materials and tools required for assembling a vibrating table: prices and characteristics
In order to independently assemble the structure, you will need a grinder, a welding machine, a drill, as well as the ability to handle them. Consider a list of necessary materials, which can be found among the handbook materials.
An example of the implementation of a vibrating table for the manufacture of paving slabs with a molding nozzle
For the countertop, you can use plywood or a sheet of metal of a suitable size. In this case, the plywood sheet should be 14 mm thick. This will transmit more vibration due to the small thickness, but at the same time provide the necessary structural strength. In addition, this way you can significantly reduce the noise level during the operation of the device. If a metal sheet is used, then its thickness should be within 5-10 mm.
The cost of a sheet of plywood of the required thickness, made of birch veneer, will be about 650 rubles with a standard size of 1525 × 1525 mm. But a sheet of hot-rolled metal with a thickness of 5 mm will cost more.
Useful advice! If a thinner metal sheet is available, it can also be used by reinforcing the structure with metal corners or pipes welded along the center of the sheet and around the perimeter.
Unbalances are used to excite vibrations in the vibration mechanism of the vibrating table.
Metal corners measuring 50 × 50 mm. They will be required to create the edging of the countertop and during the operation of the vibration table will not allow the forms for the production of paving slabs to move from the surface as a result of vibration.
Channel for attaching the motor It will need to be welded in the center of the back side of the tabletop, having drilled holes in advance that will be used for the bolts holding the motor.
Metal pipes for table legs. Usually for this purpose, elements with a thickness of 2 mm and a size of 40 × 40 are used.
Reliability of fastening of all elements of the vibration table ensures the correct operation of the device, the quality of manufactured products and a long service life Tubes for forming the upper and lower parts of the frame. Since the main load will fall on these elements, it is worth choosing a fairly strong material - 40 × 20 and 2 mm thick for the upper part and at least 20 × 20 of the same thickness for the bottom. ...
Metal plates that will be used as a sole for the supporting feet. For this, pieces of metal with a size of at least 50 × 50 and a thickness of 2 mm are suitable.
You will also need a plate for installing electrical equipment and a spring, which are designed to provide vibration. It is quite possible to purchase these elements at autodisassembly. Numerous reviews indicate that the ideal option is to use springs from mopeds, the cost of which at a height of 113 mm and a diameter of 54 mm will be about 500 rubles. They are installed in the corners of the table, and with a large surface area, another one is additionally mounted in the center.
Important! If an additional spring has been installed in the center of the table top, the motor mounting location and support configuration will be changed.
A vibrating table for the manufacture of paving slabs can be made from scrap materials without significant financial investments Additional aspects to consider when choosing materials for a vibrating table
In addition to the above materials, it is worth carefully choosing other component parts, which, although not visible, largely determine the quality of the device's operation:
- bolts for fixing the springs. This element acts as a glass for the spring, therefore it must have the proper strength. Sometimes for this purpose, pipe blanks with a length of 50-70 mm are used. In this case, it is important that their diameter exceeds the diameter of the spring by 5-10 mm;
- bolts and washers (usually 4 pcs.), which are required to fix the engine;
- electrical cable, which must have a sufficient cross-section. It is also worth providing for the presence of an outlet and a circuit breaker in the immediate vicinity.
Important! If the diameter of the homemade glass is significantly larger than the diameter of the spring itself, this will lead to the fact that the vibration will be uneven. As a result, the spring will wear out quickly, and table movement can be called swing rather than vibration.
Vibrating table structure with a sifter Home production of paving slabs: how to choose an electric motor
Consider the two most popular options: their cost and characteristics:
- IV-99 E with a power of 0.5 kW. Its weight is 14.5 kg, rotation speed is 3000 rpm, and the driving force is up to 5 kN. The device is powered by a 220 V network. It can be purchased at a price of 7,650 rubles.
- IV-98 E is a more powerful model (0.9 kW), which has a greater weight - 22.5 kg and a driving force of up to 11 kN. In this case, the rotational speed is also 3000 rpm. But the main difference between this model and the previous one is the presence of unbalances on the rotor, which rotate together with the rotor shaft. A regular 220 V network can also be used for power. The cost of this model is 8540 rubles.
For the production of a small amount of tiles, this will be more than enough, but if you want to organize a small paving slab plant in your workshop, then it is better to pay attention to the IV-104 B model, with a capacity of 0.53 kW. To power it, a 380 V network is required, but this will make it possible to achieve a driving force of 6.3 kN.
But there are times when we are talking about the manufacture of a very small amount of paving slabs for paths to the country, and it is simply unjustified to purchase a motor for this purpose. In this case, craftsmen use an engine from an old washing machine or a pumping station as a basis. In this case, you will have to spend much less money, paying only the turner for some alterations, if necessary.
The only significant drawback of this solution is the fragility of old engines. They are extremely rarely able to withstand more than three dozen working cycles. After that, the axle loosens or the bearing completely wedges. Therefore, if you plan to make a large number of tiles, it is better to purchase in advance a more durable motor that can last the required period of time.
Important! The main task of the engine is to ensure uniform vibration of the surface, because otherwise, the solution may boil in the container, which will lead not to compaction, but, on the contrary, to increased fragility of the products.
Even taking into account the need to purchase all the necessary elements, making such a structure with your own hands is much cheaper than buying a vibrating table for paving slabs. The power of the electric motor determines the duration of the machine's operation and the required amount of paving slabs produced.
Do-it-yourself vibrating table for paving slabs: rules for assembling a structure
After all the necessary materials have been purchased, it remains only to assemble the structure together. But in order for the resulting device to serve properly for many years, you must adhere to the following rules:
Methods for unbalancing the vibration table motor
Depending on where the engine is installed, it is necessary to unbalance the belt drive unit on the tabletop or the pulley. This can be done in several ways:
- put a round pulley on the shaft, in which a section of the circle has been drilled or ground;
- experimentally select a nut suitable in size and weight, and weld it onto a pulley;
- put the coupling on the shaft, having previously welded on its end a bolt with two nuts, placed across. Due to the fact that the nuts can be moved along the thread, an imbalance occurs.
For reliable long-term operation of the vibrating table, it is worth using steel elements and a cooker for fastenings
As you can see, the independent production of paving slabs for a summer residence is a completely feasible task if you spend time and effort studying the issue and assembling the necessary device. Although it should be noted that with the help of such a vibrating table it is possible to organize, for example, a small production of polymer sandy paving slabs.
Having a country house, cottage or summer cottage with a garden plot, it may be necessary to equip paths, gazebos, courtyard with paving slabs. If you have minimal building skills, desire and interest, you can make tiles yourself. As a result, you can get products that differ in the original design, as well as significantly save money.
General characteristics of the vibrating table
To make paving slabs at home, you will need raw materials - cement, sand, water, dyes. And also a device for forming tiles - vibrating table. In hardware stores, you can buy a ready-made mechanism, it will cost in the range of 20 - 70 thousand rubles. Prices vary depending on engine power, equipment and manufacturer.
Homemade vibrating table on springs But if the goal of self-production of paving slabs is to save money and small production volumes are planned, then there is no point in purchasing a vibration mechanism, it can be easily made by yourself.
A homemade vibrating table is a metal structure visually similar to a simple table. Its upper part is attached to the frame with springs or glasses, making a gap. Thanks to the motor fixed in the lower part, the table is subjected to wave vibrations - vibrations, due to this, the cement mass, placed in the molds, is evenly distributed and air is removed from it.
In principle, in the manufacture of paving slabs, you can do without a table, but in this case the quality of the finished products will be low, and the slabs will not last long. Due to the air inside the mass, the finished slab will be fragile and short-lived.
Necessary materials
For self-production of a vibrating table, you will need simple materials:
- metal corner or pipes;
- Metal sheet;
- springs;
- bolts;
- electric motor;
Metal pipes or corners are necessary to form the bed - a strong frame, support. The metal sheet will act as a countertop, so you should choose a material that is strong enough with a minimum thickness of 8 mm. Springs are required to provide a greater vibration amplitude and can be purchased from the aftermarket.
Springs from mopeds are best, you need two of them, they are large enough and you can cut each in half.
During the installation of the vibration table, the following tools will be required:
- Bulgarian;
- drill;
- welding machine
With the help of a grinder, pipes or corners are cut in accordance with previously prepared drawings.
A drill will be needed to drill holes when installing the electric motor. And with the help of a welding machine, the process of assembling all table parts into a monolithic structure is carried out.
Homemade vibrating table for paving slabs
How to choose an engine
In order to make a vibrating table for paving slabs with your own hands, you will need an engine. It can be the simplest one, taken, for example, from a washing machine.
Power in this case is not the main indicator; it will be better if it is small. The main characteristic should be an eccentric - a device that provides vibration. If not, the question of buying it becomes a household engine, it is better to purchase a motor with an eccentric cutoff, for example, model IV-98 or IV-99. They are specially designed for installation on vibration tables. You can buy such engines both new and used, they will cost 5-7 thousand rubles.
If you modify a household motor yourself, you will need a bushing with a screw and a bolt that is attached to the threaded end. When fastening the bolt, it is necessary to ensure its mobility in the transverse direction.
Assembling the vibrating table
Before starting the installation of the vibration table, it is necessary to prepare drawings. Think over the height and length of the future table. In order for it to be convenient in operation, the height should not exceed 90 cm, the length is 1800 cm, and the width is 700 - 1800 cm.
It is clear that the larger the area of the tabletop, the more forms it will be possible to place on it, but the larger the table, the more powerful the engine will be required. Another important point - it is necessary to decide what the table will be - portable or stationary.
It is better to make it portable in small dimensions, since it will still be necessary to ensure its stability. If a stationary mechanism is planned, you can safely expand the area, and for stability, dig it into the ground or concrete it.
When the dimensions are determined, you can start preparing the parts. Four legs must be cut out of the metal corners with a grinder, their length will be in accordance with the drawings, 70 mm. You will also need two segments equal to the length of the table and two segments equal to the width of the table. The frame will be formed from them. Four legs and frame elements are welded together using a welding machine.
The next stage in the manufacturing process of the vibrating table is the installation of the table top. At the top, the cover should be made of a sheet of solid steel, and at the bottom it should have mounts for the motor. The cover must be movable, therefore it is attached to the bed using springs or glasses.
Positioning the motor at an angle of 45 degrees It is enough to place four springs in the corners of the table, if the surface is large, you will need two more springs located in the center. If there is no spring, glasses can be used, they can be made from pipe scraps. Glasses or springs are welded to the table top on one side and to the bed on the other.
Next, you need to install an electric motor. There are a few things to keep in mind when performing this step. If you place the motor horizontally, then the vibration will go in the vertical direction, placing it straight, you get horizontal waves.
Therefore, the most optimal is the location of the engine at an angle of 45o. in this case, the vibration will propagate in both planes. It is necessary to fasten the engine securely, since there is a high probability of its displacement during operation, under the influence of vibration.
When preparing drawings and assembling the vibration table, it is necessary to compare all the details of the future load.
The working surface must be able to support the weight of the molds with the finished cement paste. And the engine power must correspond to the total weight of the table. All elements must be welded securely, the frame must be rigid and durable.
To start a successful activity in the manufacture of paving slabs, you will need more forms. They can be made from various materials - metal, plastic, wood. Forms can be purchased ready-made, or you can do it yourself, using your imagination to get an original design.
Video: Homemade vibrating table paving slabs
We will understand the design of the vibrating table and consider in detail the procedure for making this unit at home, which is necessary for the formation of concrete products.
How the vibrating table works
The device consists of three main parts:
- Rigid metal frame.
- Countertop mounted on shock absorbers.
- Electromechanical vibrator.
The molds with the solution are placed on the table top, which begins to vibrate after the engine is started. After a short period of time, the mixture is compacted and released from air, and the concrete components are evenly distributed throughout the entire volume.
Tools and materials
To make the device you will need:
- Welding inverter;
- Drill;
- Bulgarian;
- Locksmith's tool.
Materials used:
- Steel corner 50x50x4 - about 6 m;
- Rectangular pipe 20x40 - 6 m;
- Sheet metal 120x75 with a thickness of 4–6 mm;
- Springs or rubber cushions - 4 pcs.;
- Small pieces of pipes with a diameter smaller than the internal size of the springs;
- Bolts and nuts.
Frame construction
The main requirement for the supporting part of the machine is strength, and there can be any way of implementation. A simple workflow for making a reliable base looks like this:
- Cut four table legs 75-80 cm long from the corner.
- Two blanks of 60 cm and two of 1 m are prepared from a profile pipe.
- from the pieces of the profile, the upper frame and the legs are welded.
- The lower crossbeams are cut to size and the table stands are connected by them by welding.
- "Glasses" are fixed at the corners of the base under the springs made from pipe scraps.
DIY lid making
The table top of the machine will lie on the spring cushions and will be held by the sides.
Work order:
- The frame is constructed similarly to the stationary surface of the table, reinforcing the structure with additional stiffeners.
- Arrange a platform for placing the engine based on its dimensions.
- Retaining stops are welded at the corners - rings of a steel pipe.
- Sheet metal is welded onto the ribs.
Making a vibrator
The power unit is selected depending on the size of the movable table top - about 1500 W of electric motor power is needed per 1 m² of surface. Eccentrics are welded onto the motor shaft - bolts with a diameter of 12-14 mm with screw-on nuts, which subsequently adjust the vibration amplitude by shifting along the thread. An easier way is to purchase a factory site-type vibration motor. Its design already provides for the possibility of changing the strength of oscillatory movements.
Assembling the vibrating table
The engine is bolted into place, secured with locknuts, and the cover is spring-loaded. It is advisable to weld anchor plates to the table legs. Next, the electrical circuit is assembled by connecting the supply cable through the circuit breakers and arranging the grounding of the unit. The finished vibrating table is tested for operability, the vibration amplitude is corrected and the stability of the structure as a whole is checked.
The described device is suitable for a private household, and its engine can be used on a homemade one in the process of concrete work.
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The paths and areas lined with paving slabs look tempting, but the price of this material in terms of tens and hundreds of square meters is a significant amount. Therefore, making paving stones with your own hands will give significant savings in money, and using a vibrating table to compact the mixture in molds will save time, effort and ensure the quality of the tiles. Since the price of this unit, manufactured in an industrial environment, is relatively high, we will consider how to make a vibrating table with our own hands.
For work, you will need a set of equipment and prepared drawings
Any vibrating table consists of a fixed part (table), a tabletop not rigidly fixed to it, and an electric motor (vibrator) with a drive to the tabletop. Let's consider how and from what materials these units can be made in order to mount a vibrating table for paving slabs with our own hands.
All work on the installation and assembly of the vibration table (except for the fastening of the electric motor) is carried out by electric welding, since the bolted connections are loosened under the influence of vibration. Welding seams are cleaned of slag and grinded with a grinder with a grinding disc, after which the entire structure is covered with two layers of anti-corrosion paint.
Fixed part
The design of this component part of the vibrating table is a table without a table top on four legs-supports. For the convenience of manufacturing, it is advisable, despite the simplicity of the design, to make preliminary drawings of this design by hand. The format of the vibrating table is chosen square or rectangular, for household needs the dimensions in the horizontal plane are chosen no more than a meter, 70x70 cm is enough.It should be borne in mind that the larger the tabletop is made, the more powerful the electric motor or vibrator should be. The height of the machine is selected individually, depending on the height of the person, within the range of 80-110 cm.
The construction of a vibrating press must begin with a vibrating table.
Frame fabrication
The installation of the frame begins with the assembly of the upper frame, to which the legs will be welded in the future. The frame is made of channel # 8, # 10 or steel angle with a cross section of at least 50x5. If its dimensions exceed 70 cm, then for rigidity, in addition to the perimeter, transverse struts are boiled. The material is cut by a grinder with a stone disc for metal cutting. The frame is assembled and welded on a horizontal surface so that the finished product does not deviate from the horizontal plane.
Table legs are made of channel # 8 or 10, you can also use a pipe with a diameter of 50, 80 mm. Slices of the legs must be carefully cut off. If the vibrating table is made portable, then its legs should be strictly the same length and end with welded steel plates 100x150 or 150x200 mm in size to evenly distribute the weight of the machine on the base. When the vibration table is stationary, its legs are concreted to a depth of 200-250 mm, which must be taken into account when cutting blanks.
The legs of the frame are strictly perpendicularly welded at the corners to the frame from below. For reliable and perpendicular fixation of the legs to the frame, gussets made of steel 3-4 mm thick in the form of a right-angled triangle are welded between them. All contact lines of parts must be carefully welded.
Sections of the channel are welded to the main working surface
The supporting frame of the vibrating table must be rigid and durable so that in the future the vibration energy is transmitted only to the tabletop, therefore, braces from a steel angle or a rectangular profile are installed between the legs of the frame.
Countertop manufacturing
The table top is made according to the dimensions of the horizontal frame or slightly larger than it (by about 5 cm), its plane should not have any height differences.
The frame of the tabletop is welded from angle steel of 50x50 or 60x60 mm in size, into which, as in a frame, a sheet of steel cut to the size with a thickness of 8-10 mm is inserted and also welded to the frame. Instead of steel, you can use plexiglass 15-20 mm thick or a centimeter duralumin, which are attached to the tabletop frame with self-tapping screws.
The design position of the tabletop on the machine - the walls of the corner along its perimeter are a kind of border to prevent the forms from sliding and falling when vibrating.
At this point, you need to already have springs by means of which the tabletop will be attached to the table, because the diameter of the mounting sleeves into which the springs will be inserted depends on their diameter. Springs can be picked up at old car dismantling sites. The springs should be approximately 5 cm in diameter and 10 cm in length.
Instead of springs, you can do it yourself with a vibrating table on a suspended tabletop
From a steel pipe with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the spring (the spring should be freely inserted into the pipe), 8 rings 2.5–3 cm wide are cut on a lathe. One ring is placed on the corners of the table, after which the tabletop is set on the rings in the design position. The contour of the rings is outlined with chalk on the table and table top, after which the table top is removed, and glass rings are welded to it and the table according to the markings made. Springs are installed in the glasses of the table, the tabletop is installed on the springs, which ideally should be parallel to the plane of the table. To eliminate deviations, you can shorten the corresponding springs by cutting their turns.
Instead of glasses, you can weld axles from a pipe of a smaller diameter, which will be inserted into the springs.
Vibration plane selection
Depending on the position of the electric motor, vibration can be performed in vertical, horizontal or in two planes simultaneously. Vibration in the vertical plane is provided by the installation of the motor horizontally, in the horizontal plane - by the vertical installation of the motor, and the compaction in two planes is simultaneously ensured by the location of the motor at an angle of 45 degrees. Each of these options has advantages and disadvantages.
Vibrating in the vertical plane puts a lot of stress on the motor, but horizontal motor mounting is easier. Oscillations in the horizontal plane require less effort from the engine, but its installation for this in a vertical position is structurally more difficult. Compaction in two planes simultaneously provides the most effective compaction, but angled motor installation is even more difficult. Therefore, the final choice depends on the performer and his professional skills.
There are two options for placing the engine: directly on the bottom of the table top and on the table.
In the first case, the engine is mounted on the bottom of the table top, a pulley with a misaligned center is installed on its shaft, and vibration is transmitted to the table top through a rigid connection with the engine.
The engine must be installed in a specific location
Such an installation is simple to perform, but it destroys the shaft bearings after several tens of cycles. Mounting the motor on a table requires mounting from below on the table top of an assembly consisting of a bracket, a shaft and a pulley with an adjustable eccentric. The pulley is connected to the motor shaft by means of a belt drive, and the motor runs in a gentle mode. This constructive solution is more rational.
Choosing an electric motor
A home-made vibrating table for the production of paving slabs can be equipped with a conventional 220 V or 380 V electric motor with a power of 0.25-1.5 kW, previously deliberately unbalanced. If the vibrating table is made for long-term use, then it is advisable to equip it with a specially designed electric motor with a device for regulating the vibration amplitude, for example, IV-98, IV-99B, IV-99E produced by the Yaroslavl Electromechanical Plant.
Ways to unbalance the motor
Depending on the place where the engine is installed, an imbalance is made either on the pulley on it, or on the belt drive unit on the tabletop.
The imbalance is carried out in various ways:
- put a round pulley with a ground or drilled section of a circle on the shaft;
- weld a nut onto the pulley (size and weight are determined experimentally);
- put on the shaft a coupling with a bolt welded across the end with two nuts, which can be moved along the thread and counter to each other, adjusting the amount of unbalance; the number of vibrations during vibration is equal to the number of revolutions of the engine, and the vibration force depends on the distance of the nuts from the center of the shaft (the nut is further - the force is greater).
Installation of the electric motor
The motor is fastened to a table or tabletop with bolts using slotted washers (Grover washers) under the nuts, which prevent the nuts from loosening under the influence of vibration. The design should exclude the possibility of water getting on the electric motor from the molds with the solution.
The table top is driven by an electric motor, rated power with an eccentric on the shaft
Pulleys, pulleys and belt drives must be covered with a protective cover and the motor must be grounded. The on-off button of the electric motor must be within the reach of the working person so that, without leaving the place, the employee can instantly stop the unit.
Quick vibrating table
If you need to make three to four dozen products, then such a "disposable" vibrating table can be made as follows:
- on a flat base with self-tapping screws, nails or dowels, horizontally fix a car tire with a hole for the engine electrical wire - this will replace the table with springs;
- a suitable old electric motor with an unbalanced pulley installed on its shaft is attached to a piece of chipboard (chipboard) or thick plywood of a suitable size - this will play the role of a vibrating tabletop;
- the tabletop is placed with the motor down on the tire, the electric wire is passed through the hole in the tire and - the vibrating table is ready to work.
The manufacture of such a vibrating table is not a difficult task.
Conclusion
The cost of a vibrating table made in an industrial environment is high precisely because it is a rather complex structure. Given the presence of an electric motor in a home-made unit, and even independently unbalanced, you should weigh your capabilities before starting to make this device with your own hands. Perhaps renting a reliable vibrating machine will better solve the problem and will not create new ones.
The production of paving slabs, as well as products from concrete, plaster or building mixtures, provides for the compaction of the working composition. Under the influence of vibration, the working solution fills the corner sections of the mold, acquires increased strength and the necessary structure. For the purpose of making concrete products intended for domestic use, you can make a vibrating table with your own hands. This inexpensive and easy-to-manufacture equipment is not inferior to industrial designs in terms of efficiency.
DIY vibrating table
Getting to know the equipment - vibrating table
For machine molding of concrete products, poured into special forms, vibration equipment is used - a universal molding vibrating table. It is possible to make a unit with your own hands, the main thing is to understand its purpose, device and principle of operation. The equipment is a metal structure with a hinged work platform, on which cast molds are placed.
The plate makes up to three thousand vibrations in one minute, which allows:
- increase the density of the concrete mass;
- increase strength characteristics;
- get rid of air inclusions.
As a result of the vibration impact, the concrete structure is compacted, which has a positive effect on the quality, as well as the service life of paving slabs and other types of products.
What is the vibrating table for?
A small-sized vibration platform, made in a domestic environment, is designed to solve a wide range of tasks:
The performance of the device is determined by the area of the working plate, as well as the intensity of the vibrations.
Vibrating table - design features
The platform designed for vibration forming is a mechanism consisting of the following elements:
- steel frame. It is a massive metal structure of vertical posts, to which jumpers are rigidly welded;
- working plate. It is a horizontal base with a shoulder along the upper contour, limiting the mobility of forms;
- vibration motor. When installing a motor for a vibrating table with your own hands, you need to pay attention to the mass of the eccentric that transmits vibrations to the plate;
- a movable attachment point. It provides a connection between the plate and the bed. Represents four spring elements installed in glasses;
- starting machine. It performs the functions of supplying and disconnecting voltage to the vibration motor, and also protects against thermal overloads.
When deciding how to make the vibrating table yourself, you should pay attention to its performance.
What does the vibrating table device consist of? The main parameters affecting the efficiency of the seal and the quality of the manufactured products:
- the amplitude of the oscillatory motion;
- vibration motor shaft rotation frequency.
For optimal performance, you must:
- choose the right eccentric design;
- choose the place of fastening of the vibration drive;
- equip the site with an electric motor of rated power.
The selection of optimal modes is carried out experimentally.
How a homemade vibrating table works
Before making a vibrating table, it is necessary to study the principle of operation of the unit.
The molding device works quite simply:
A homemade vibrating table from a washing machine and industrial equipment function according to the same algorithm.
Getting ready to make a vibrating table with our own hands - materials and tools
Prepare everything you need to make your own vibrating table. Drawings allow you to determine the list of materials for its construction.
Need to prepare:
Installing a frequency regulator will allow you to change the intensity of molding in the manufacture of products from various building materials.
We design a homemade vibrating table with our own hands - simple solutions
When planning to make a universal molding vibrating table with your own hands, the drawings must be purchased in advance or drawn independently. It is important to determine the design features of the vibration unit. The following types of vibration compactor are used:
- equipment for forming. It is used for vibration tamping of concrete solution poured into casting molds;
- de-molding device. Designed to remove hardened products from molds using a special tool;
- non-standard design options. Used for making a limited number of products at home.
The advantage of the simplified design is the ability to assemble in a limited time without additional costs using the existing equipment and materials.
Diagram of a simple vibrating table with your own hands The simplest options:
- based on car ramps. To assemble the rammer, you need 2-3 ramps, a hammer, and a wooden shield, the dimensions of which allow you to place the molds. The compaction process takes place when the molds are installed on a wooden board, located on the tires. When tapping with a rubber hammer, the concrete composition is compacted;
- using a drill or hammer drill. The construction uses a plate made from a metal sheet or board board. The table top is placed on a horizontal base and rests against the wall with a damper made from a piece of rubber. When the perforator is turned on, brought up to the opposite side of the base, the material is compacted.
Other options are also possible, involving the use of an old washing machine, as well as used electric motors from household appliances.
We develop a drawing of a vibrating table
It is necessary to know, when developing a drawing for a vibrating table, how to make it correctly.
This requires:
- use proven documentation, according to which the vibration platform was previously manufactured;
- independently develop a sketch using a valid sample.
- the optimal dimensions of the table top are 50x100 cm;
- the distance from the floor to the work surface should not exceed 80 cm.
How to make a vibrating table yourself When developing a drawing, it is important to consider the following requirements:
- the engine should not touch the base or metal structures;
- the surface of the desktop is located horizontally;
- the legs of the frame must be of equal length to ensure stability;
- stiffeners are installed in the corners to increase stability.
Before the development of working documentation, it is necessary to first determine the dimensions of the unit and the place of attachment of the motor. It is advisable to locate the vibration motor in the center of mass of the entire metal structure.
We select the motor for the vibration table
Various motors can be used as a source of vibration:
- used or new motor up to 1000 W. It is capable of transmitting vibration to a tabletop with dimensions of 0.8x1.5 m. Two eccentrics must be fixed on the drive shaft of the electric motor, the angular position of which can be changed. This will allow you to adjust the amplitude and strength of the oscillations;
- industrial vibration motor. It should be attached to the desktop surface. The standard vibration motor is equipped with eccentrics mounted on opposite sides of the shaft. By adjusting the mutual position of imbalances, you can change the level of vibration impact.
In a home-made version of a vibration drive, the motor shaft bearings are subjected to increased loads under the influence of alternating vibrations. A purchased vibrator, which has an increased service life, is devoid of this drawback.
Homemade vibration table motor It is also possible to fix the shaft to the lower plane of the table on bearing supports, which has an offset center of gravity. With the help of a belt drive, the structure can be connected to the motor pulley. The level and direction of vibration in this embodiment is regulated by the position of the eccentrically fixed weight.
How to make a vibrating table with your own hands - drawings and instructions
According to the preliminary developed drawings, it is easy to make a vibration pad, guided by the following algorithm:
It is important to reliably weld vibration-bearing frame parts.
How to make a vibrating table with your own hands without mistakes
When performing work, pay attention to the following points:
- the presence of a side around the perimeter of the table;
- the ability to adjust the amplitude of oscillations;
- reliability of fastening the frame to the floor;
- quality of welded seams;
- horizontality when installing the table top.
Manufacturing the site according to the drawings will avoid mistakes.
Making a vibrating table with your own hands - safety requirements
Observe safety precautions during assembly and device:
- use protective goggles when welding and working with a "grinder";
- ground the power tool and device drive;
- carry out welding work in special clothing.
Do not forget that there must be a fire extinguisher in the room where they are brewing.
Conclusion
Recommendations will help you make your own vibration pad. Manufacturing technology is simple. It is important to carefully consider the design features, take seriously the development of the sketch and follow the sequence of operations. A self-made unit will provide effective compaction of products at home.
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