Menses in girls. All about the first menstruation in girls: when do they start and how to determine? The importance of menstrual bleeding for a woman's body

Today you will learn about how your periods go, how long they should last and about the quality of your blood. The arrival of menstruation for a girl can be a real shock if you do not discuss this topic with her in advance. This completely natural process should not cause disgust or discomfort in the girl. About how menstruation begins for the first time, how to carry out care procedures and much more, it is necessary to tell the future woman in advance, overcoming all the inconveniences and discomfort during the conversation.

Puberty

In girls, this period is usually called pubertal. The first menstruation in girls begins already in the middle of this cycle. What happens to the girl at this point in her life? There is a process of transformation from a girl into a mature woman who is able to continue her family. Menstruation in girls and suggests that the reproductive function is neglected, now there is a chance of pregnancy with unprotected intercourse.

How this process starts:

the brain transmits a signal to the ovaries at the right time;
the latter respond to it by producing hormones;
hormones start the process of shaping the girl's body.

It is important to note that there are both visible changes and not. At the time of puberty, the following changes occur:

the girl begins to grow;
the brain is enlarged;
there is an expansion of the hip bones;
mammary glands are formed;
reproductive organs grow and actively develop;
changes occur in the nervous system and much more.

Menstruation occurs about one year after the onset of puberty in the girl. The first menstruation is usually called "menarche". This suggests that the ovaries began to function, and now they are able to produce hormones. Right now, ovulation appears and the likelihood of pregnancy is high.

The first menstruation should normally begin between twelve and fifteen years of age. There are cases when they start much earlier or later. It is important to know that there are many factors that affect the time of the onset of the first menstruation:

hereditary information;
the degree of physical development;
nervous system;
there is a lifestyle influence;
social environment;
knowledge about and inter-sex relations;
health status.

Early menstruation occurs between eight and ten years of age, and late menstruation occurs between the ages of 15 and more. The latter option is quite common in children who have been sick a lot and have been taking medications for a long period of time. Quite often, hormonal disruptions and abnormal development of the reproductive organs are considered the cause of deviations from the norm.

Cycle time

The girl just needs to be told how her periods go, how long they last, possible problems and how to take care of herself during this period. It is very important to familiarize her with the concept of the duration of the menstrual cycle and teach her how to use the calendar, so as not to get into a "leak".

And so, how should your period go? It is important to know that this question is purely individual, because every organism is special. If there are no health problems, then the cycle should be stable. However, it takes a little time to stabilize the menstrual cycle.

What is a kind of menstrual, readjustment of the body. This process involves:

vagina;
uterus;
ovaries.

It is important for a girl to know that menstruation is a natural process that occurs when hormones are produced by the ovaries. This bleeding from the genital tract should not be intimidating or uncomfortable. A cycle is the length of time between the first day of one period and the first day of another. While the ideal cycle is lunar (28 days), 10 to 45 days is the norm. If you notice a deviation from these norms, or for a long time the cycle has not been established, then a consultation with a gynecologist is necessary, because the problem may be in the dysfunction of the ovaries.

Control (calendar method)

We figured out what menstruation means. We repeat again - this is the monthly bleeding from the vagina of every woman. When a girl starts her period, she should be taught to mark these days on the calendar. Why is this needed? Of course, the calendar tracking method helps to determine the length of the cycle and the duration of the menstrual flow.

In addition, the calendar method is a contraceptive method. Thanks to the calendar, unwanted pregnancy can be avoided, since it is possible to calculate the approximate day of ovulation. It is worth noting that this method should be combined with others, because there is a small likelihood of unwanted pregnancy even on days unfavorable for conception.

Personal hygiene

While menstruation passes, it is necessary to observe it more carefully. This will help to avoid unpleasant sensations, both for the girl and for others.

Everyone knows that the secreted blood has a specific smell. You can get rid of it very simply by observing some rules.

What is discharge during menstruation? This is mostly the top layer of the endometrium. The endometrium lines the walls of the uterus from the inside. It is important to know that this layer needs to be changed over time. As a result, menstruation occurs. During the "cleaning" of the uterus, its cervix expands so that unnecessary parts can come out without any obstacles. A dilated cervix is ideal for bacteria to enter the uterus. They can be contained on a pad or tampon that has not been changed for a long time.

To eliminate unpleasant odors and prevent bacteria from entering, it is worth listening to some hygiene rules:

Change your pad or tampon every three hours
if possible, take a shower before changing protective equipment;
if the last point is impossible to implement, then it will be enough to wash or wipe with a damp cloth;
when washing, first of all, you need to clean the perineum and only then the anus (this will be an obstacle for microbes from the rectum to enter the vagina);
you can not take a bath and go to the bathhouse.

The last point is mandatory, because the water in the bath is not sterile, therefore, bacteria and microbes can enter the vagina. In addition, hot water and high temperatures promote blood flow to the pelvis and dilatation of the cervix, which makes it easier for bacteria to enter the uterus.

How long does your period go?

So how does a normal period go? To begin with, menarche, that is, the first menstruation, does not last long, only a couple of days. At the same time, there is practically no blood (just a couple of drops), as a rule, this is a "daub". The normal cycle will be established only after a year and a half.

Please note that the established cycle should not go astray throughout the entire childbearing period of a woman's life. This is very important, if there are deviations, it is better to visit a gynecologist.

How long does your period last? 10 days, 7 or 2 are all normal limits. For some, they go away quickly enough, but there are cases when periods last up to ten days. There is no need to worry about this, because every organism is individual. Below are some norms for menstruation, if you do not have any deviations from them, then consider that you are completely healthy:

The cycle should be in the range from twenty to thirty-five days. The "lunar cycle" is widespread and, according to gynecologists, the most successful (28 days).
On average, for women, the duration of menstruation is five days, but the norm is an interval of two to ten days.
The intensity of bloody discharge should decrease by the last day of menstruation.
It is rather difficult to determine, but, nevertheless, there is a rate of lost blood. Be sure to pay attention to the intensity of the discharge, for the entire cycle you should not lose more than 60 milliliters of blood. This amount is optimal, the woman does not feel any discomfort or malaise, because the loss is quickly restored by the body.

Amount of blood

The amount of bloody discharge during your period depends on many factors:

the presence of an intrauterine device as a means of contraception increases blood volume and the duration of critical days;
taking hormonal contraceptives can reduce blood volume and reduce or increase the number of "red days";
hormonal background;
existing diseases;
heredity;
body type;
external factors (climate, social environment, and so on);
quality of food;
the state of the nervous system;
age;
in women who have given birth, the amount of blood during menstruation increases significantly;

At the same time, the color of menstruation can also say a lot. We will talk about this in the next section of the article. Please note that the amount of blood lost should not exceed 60 milliliters for the entire cycle. If you go beyond this framework, contact your gynecologist, perhaps he will prescribe a special drug for bleeding during menstruation.

The quality of blood secreted during menstruation

The color of menstruation can tell about any disorders and diseases occurring in the female body. Please note that the color, volume and nature of the discharge can change in a woman many times in her life. This process is influenced by many factors.

What are scanty dark periods talking about? As a rule, these are only their harbingers. Brown discharge before menstruation is considered the norm, and you should not worry about this. Dark menstruation also occurs after abortions and miscarriages, long-term use of hormonal contraceptives.

The first menstruation should be a bright scarlet color, their number should be minimal. Please note that if menstruation of this nature appeared after the establishment of the cycle (that is, this is not the first menstruation), then it may be endometriosis, which undoubtedly needs to be treated with hormonal drugs.

Brown or black discharge three days before menstruation or earlier can also indicate the presence of endometriosis or an ectopic pregnancy, which poses a serious danger to a woman's life. Take a pregnancy test and go to the gynecologist urgently.

Pain during menstruation

Some girls note that the first day of menstruation is very difficult to tolerate, as it is accompanied by severe pain. Sad as it may be, there are most of such cases. Seek advice from a gynecologist, and he will help you relieve these sensations with the help of drugs. It is completely pointless to worry about this issue, this is a completely normal state of a girl during her period. Many women claim that after giving birth to a child, they were able to get rid of this symptom.

PMS

With the question of how menses go, we figured it out. Now let's take a very brief look at the concept of PMS. This is premenstrual syndrome, which manifests itself in different ways. The most common symptoms are:

irritability;
aggression;
headache;
nausea;
high temperature;
chills;
decreased attention and memory;
swelling of the breast and more.

Sex during menstruation

It is better to wait a little with an intimate life. Why:

from an aesthetic point of view, it is disgusting;
during menstruation, there is a high probability of "catching" the disease, because the cervix is open;
the likelihood of developing diseases is possible - endometriosis, algodismenorrhea;
many believe that it is impossible to become pregnant during menstruation, but this is not so (not one, but two eggs can mature; early ovulation can come, and sperm live in a woman's vagina for up to eleven days);
blood is a very bad lubricant during intercourse, because the latter is much thicker than blood;
it can alienate the partner.

Menstruation during pregnancy

If you notice bloody discharge while waiting for the baby, then you should immediately go to your doctor. This may indicate some pathologies of pregnancy or the possibility of miscarriage. However, there are cases when a girl has her period during pregnancy. In any case, the presence of spotting during pregnancy is a deviation from the norm.

Menstruation and menopause

At this time, the woman is "reconfiguring" the body, now it will only serve you. It's not that bad. During this period of time, there may be strong disruptions to the menstrual cycle (menstruation comes twice a month, blood is replaced by scanty secretions, and so on). It's quite normal. Be sure to learn to distinguish menopause from pregnancy, because the absence of menstruation occurs in both cases. Menopause has a number of symptoms: vaginal dryness, frequent headaches, prolonged depression, profuse night sweats, and many others.

By the age of 10-11, girls are usually already aware of what menstruation is and why they are needed. The onset of the first period is the beginning of adulthood. They are waiting for him with excitement. Often questions arise that not every mother can answer. For example, what kind of strange discharge appeared, is it normal for a girl of 9-10 years old, when to wait for the onset of menstruation and why they are late. And it also happens that menstruation appears completely unexpectedly at the age of 7-8 years. The girl is not ready for this either mentally or physically. It is important to understand what the causes and consequences of early and late menstruation may be.

Content:

What determines the appearance of the first menstruation

Puberty in girls begins at about the age of 10 and ends by the age of 17-18. They begin to grow mammary glands, develop genitals. 1-1.5 years after the onset of maturation, the first menstruation appears (menarche). The ovaries begin to function, female sex hormones are produced. At this time, ovulation appears, pregnancy is possible.

The timing of this period depends on the following factors:

heredity;
physical development;
the state of the nervous system;
lifestyle and social environment;
gender awareness;
general health, the presence of endocrine diseases.

If a girl was often ill from childhood, she had congenital pathologies, she had to take a lot of medications, then menstruation may appear later. The norm is the appearance of the first menstruation at the age of 12-15 years. If it occurs at 8-10 years old, it is considered that the menstruation is early, and if after 15 years, then it is late. And in one, and in another case, the causes of deviations are most often hormonal disorders or abnormal development of the genitals.

What should be the first menstruation

The first menstruation in girls appears in connection with the beginning of the functioning of the ovaries. Puberty begins when hormones (FSH - follicle-stimulating hormone, LH - luteinizing hormone) are produced in the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, which promote the formation of estrogens in the ovaries. In the reproductive system, processes such as maturation of eggs, ovulation, and development of the endometrium begin to occur. Conception becomes possible. In this case, there are regular fluctuations in the level of sex hormones, characteristic of the menstrual cycle.

Addition: Follicles with egg rudiments are present in the girl's ovaries from birth. Their number is determined genetically. They are consumed during the entire reproductive period. The stock is exhausted by the age of 45-52. The woman goes through menopause, menstruation stops.

Menstruation occurs as a result of rejection and renewal of the lining of the uterus, if fertilization of the egg does not occur. Menstrual flow contains blood from vessels damaged during endometrial detachment. Therefore, normal first menses are dark red in color and have a slimy, clotted consistency. There is a slight discomfort, there should be no severe pain in the abdomen.

The volume of blood discharge for the entire period of menstruation is from 50 to 150 ml. The most intense menstruation occurs in girls in the first 2-3 days.

Approaching the first menstruation, signs and preparation

According to some signs, it can be understood that the girl will soon begin her first menstruation. Mild soreness appears in the mammary glands, their volume begins to increase, pubic hair, armpits, legs and arms appear. Approximately 1-1.5 years before the onset of menstruation, odorless white discharge appears. If their volume increases, they become more liquid, then within 1 month the onset of the first menstruation is possible.

An attentive mother notices that the girl's mood often changes for no reason, she has an increased interest in intimate hygiene products, in changes in her own figure. Before the first menses appear, some get fat.

In order for the girl's first menstruation not to come as a surprise, not to cause panic, she must be prepared for their onset. A girl should know what menstruation is, what it should be normal, why deviations are possible, whether they are always a pathology. She should have an idea of at what age the first menstruation comes, how many days last, what the menstrual cycle should be.

The girl needs to be told about what sensations she might have, in which case she needs the advice and help of a doctor. After the appearance of signs of the imminent arrival of the first menstruation, the girl should always have pads with her.

Warning: Mom should explain to her daughter how to use pads, talk about the need for enhanced care of the genitals during menstruation. Otherwise, due to inexperience, an infection can be introduced into the genitals. Improperly selected gaskets often leak. This causes not only discomfort, but also emotional stress.

After the onset of menstruation, it is necessary to start a calendar, mark the date of their beginning and end in it. This will allow you to monitor the regularity of the cycle, to notice deviations in the nature of menstruation. The first cycles are unstable in duration and timing of onset.

Video: The reasons for the instability of the first menstruation

When to see a doctor

They talk about pathology if:

Menses too young or too late.
The monthly volume exceeds 150 ml, they have a bright red color. This may be a sign of hormonal disorders, pathological development of the reproductive organs. Such abnormal first menstruation in girls occurs with blood diseases. Such menstruation is a sign of tumor diseases, arising from the intake of certain medications that affect the development of the endometrium.
The first menstruation appeared, but the next ones do not come, although more than 3 months have passed. The reason for this phenomenon may be professional sports or ballet, when the body is experiencing too much stress. At the same time, this pathology is a consequence of the inflammatory process, infectious disease, malfunction of the endocrine glands.
Menstruation is irregular, although more than 1.5 years have passed since the beginning. They appear after 20 days, then after 35-40. The reasons for the inconstancy of the cycle are diseases, injuries, vitamin deficiency, the desire to lose weight by exhausting the body by starvation.
Severe abdominal pain occurs during menstruation.
Their duration is 1-2 days. The reason may be a lack of estrogen due to ovarian underdevelopment. In the event that they last 8-10 days, this indicates an increased functioning of the ovaries or a weak contractility of the muscles of the uterus.

In such cases, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination by a pediatric gynecologist, as well as an endocrinologist.

Video: About the features of the first menstruation, the need to prepare girls for their onset

Symptoms with menstruation

The girl should be prepared for the fact that with the onset of menstruation, she may experience the following symptoms:

fast fatiguability;
tearfulness, causeless irritability;
headache, dizziness, nausea;
intestinal disorders during menstruation.

It is necessary to limit sports and other physical activities on the days of menstruation, to rest more.

Early menstruation

Menstruation is considered early when a girl is younger than 11 years old. There are times when menstruation occurs in 8-year-old girls.

Sometimes early puberty is not a pathology. If the same situation was observed in mother and grandmother, then this is due to genetics. Accelerated physical development, intense sports, dancing can also provoke the onset of menstruation at a young age.

However, in any case, when the first menstruation appears in a girl at this age, it is recommended to examine her, since most often the cause of the phenomenon is hormonal disorders, developmental pathologies or diseases of the reproductive system. The causes of hormonal disorders are brain tumors, since it is in the pituitary gland and hypothalamus that hormones are produced that regulate the menstrual cycle.

Menstruation occurs early if the child has diabetes. Early menstruation often occurs in girls who have experienced severe stress and psychological trauma. One of the causes of stress can be too early familiarity with issues of the physiology of the sexes. The psyche of a child is easily traumatized due to watching non-childish programs on TV, as well as observing the sexual relations of loved ones.

What is the danger of early puberty

The early appearance of menstruation in a girl becomes the cause of future health problems, such as early onset of menopause, cardiovascular diseases, abnormalities in the thyroid gland, hormonal disorders. Women who get their period early are at increased risk of developing tumors of the reproductive organs and mammary glands.

With the onset of puberty, growth and physical development slow down. An important factor in the correct development of the reproductive system is good nutrition and normal living conditions.

Prevention of early menstruation

In order not to provoke the onset of too early menstruation, parents need to consider what factors contribute to early sexual development. Preventive measures are:

Elimination of stress that can injure the delicate psyche of children. You need a calm, friendly atmosphere in the family and trusting relations between children and their parents, their timely acquaintance with the problems of sexual development.
Ensuring the correct diet. It is harmful for children to eat spicy, too salty or sour food, drink a lot of cocoa, coffee, strong tea. Drinking beer and other alcoholic beverages is categorically contraindicated for adolescents.
Treatment of endocrine diseases.
Parental control over what the child watches on TV or on the computer.

It is important to observe moderation in sports, not to overload the child's body physically.

Video: What the early growing up of a girl will lead to

Late menstruation

The onset of the first menstruation in girls at the age of 16-18 is considered a deviation from the norm. Poor development of the mammary glands also speaks of late sexual development.

The causes of late menstruation may be the abnormal development of the uterus and ovaries, a disorder in the functioning of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus, the presence of neuropsychiatric diseases. Late puberty is caused by infectious diseases transferred in childhood (measles, mumps, scarlet fever, rubella).

Often the cause of late menstruation is the girl's excessive thinness. Adipose tissue, like the ovaries, produces estrogens. In its absence, the level of estrogen is insufficient for the normal functioning of the genitals.

There are other unfavorable factors leading to the late appearance of the first menstruation in girls: vitamin deficiency, poor ecology, the use of genetically modified foods.

Consequences of late sexual development

If you do not go to the doctor in time and do not eliminate the anomalies in adolescence, then later the woman develops the so-called genital infantilism. At the same time, the reproductive system in a mature woman remains underdeveloped (like in a teenager). This affects the appearance, leads to hormonal disorders that affect the overall health.

In girls, unlike adult women, this pathology is usually curable.

Video: What is the danger of early and late onset of the first menstruation

As a rule, menarche (first menstruation) appears in girls at the age of 11-13. In some cases, this important event occurs at an earlier or later period. Naturally, caring parents start to worry when a teenager at 14 does not have a period. It is worth immediately figuring out what are the reasons for this phenomenon and when you need to seek help from a gynecologist.

When wondering why a girl does not have periods at the age of 14, you should not panic right away. Hormonal disruptions in adolescence and delayed sexual development can be observed under the influence of various factors. Among the main ones, the following stand out:

excessive or insufficient physical activity;
genetic predisposition;
diseases of the genitourinary system;
emotional instability;
climatic conditions;
diseases transferred in early childhood;
features of physical development.

In some cases, this is considered the norm, in some it is a pathology. In any case, it will not be superfluous to get additional expert advice.

At what age is primary amenorrhea diagnosed?

The diagnosis of "amenorrhea" means the absence of menstrual flow in women.

Primary amenorrhea is set if a girl does not have menstruation at the age of 14, while other signs of puberty do not appear: the appearance of hair on the pubis and armpits, an increase in the mammary glands.

If secondary signs of puberty appear in a teenager, but menstruation does not begin until the age of sixteen, delayed menstruation is also considered primary amenorrhea.

Causes of primary amenorrhea with delayed puberty

Such a diagnosis is made for girls who, by the age of fourteen, have no signs of puberty and menarche have not appeared. The reasons for the delay in menstruation in adolescents and inhibition of the development of the body may be different.

Malformations of the gonads

The absence of menstruation in a 14-year-old or 15-year-old girl is often due to malformations of the gonads, namely:

Swier's syndrome;
dysgenesis of the gonads;
testicular feminization syndrome.

Amenorrhea in this case is caused by chromosomal changes, as a result of which there is an underdevelopment of the gonads.

In a third of girls suffering from primary amenorrhea with PDD, inhibition in development is due to gonadal dysgenesis, in which the tissue necessary for the normal functioning of hormones is absent.

This pathology can take several forms:

mixed;
erased;
typical;
clean.

At the same time, such defects are observed as atrophy of the mucous membranes of the vulva and vagina, genital infantilism and underdevelopment of the mammary glands.

Malformations in the CNS circuit

Developmental delay and the absence of menstruation in a 15-year-old adolescent can be caused by malformations in the central nervous system that affect the pituitary gland, such as:

tumors;
vascular thrombosis or tissue necrosis;
damage to the pituitary gland.

As a result, the ovaries are unable to produce the proper amount of estrogen - and critical days do not come.

Causes of primary amenorrhea without CRD

In the absence of a developmental delay, primary amenorrhea is triggered by malformations of the genital organs. Against this background, menstrual blood does not appear when a girl reaches the age of sixteen.

Ginatresia

Ginatresia is a violation of patency in the cervix, hymen, or vagina. In this case, the outflow of menstruation is disturbed. The secretions accumulate inside the reproductive system and stretch the genital organ, vagina and tubes.

Every month, girls have unbearable pains in the lower abdomen, but their periods do not go.

Initially, it is a pulling pain, which intensifies over time, becomes acute and paroxysmal. In addition, there are disturbances in the work of the intestines and bladder, nausea and dizziness.

Uterine aplasia

This is a pathology in which the genital organ is underdeveloped or has an abnormal shape. In most cases, the illness during adolescence is asymptomatic. It can be detected only with ultrasound of the pelvis. Girls are actively developing, their mammary glands are enlarged, hair grows in the armpits and on the pubis. They only complain about the absence of periods at the age of 16.

Diagnosis of causes by a specialist

When asked what to do if a teenager under 14 does not have menarche, there is only one answer: you need to seek help from a gynecologist. First of all, the doctor will take a history and examine the girl. After that, it will already be necessary to resort to additional diagnostic measures.

To make a diagnosis, an ultrasound of the pelvis must be done. Thanks to this, it is possible to identify such violations:

ovarian dysfunction;
changes in the endometrium;
infantilism.

Primary amenorrhea is often caused by hormonal disorders. That is why screening is carried out at the next stage.

With its help, the doctor receives information about the level of hormones in the blood, such as:

testosterone;
prolactin;
progesterone.

In some cases, you additionally need:

hysteroscopy;
laparoscopy;
consultation with a neurologist;
examination of the karyotype.

Only after carrying out a comprehensive diagnosis, the doctor will be able to make an accurate diagnosis.

Appearance is an important moment for a girl. If for some reason they are late, then teenagers and their parents are concerned about it. Indeed, in some cases, the absence of bleeding may indicate serious problems in the body. Often, the delay in menstruation is due to stress, changing climatic conditions and physiological features, but only a doctor can determine why critical days do not come. Such violations should not be ignored.

The onset of menstruation for a girl is not the most joyful event. You have to give up the usual things, the state of health changes. But if for some reason there is a delay in menstruation, many begin to panic. Why is this happening? Let's figure out what to do in this situation.

The formed menstrual cycle lasts 21-36 days. The first two years after menarche (the first menstruation), the cyclicality is just forming, changes are taking place in the girl's body, so the interval between menstruation may increase or decrease. If spotting comes every month with a long interval, then you should not worry. It is considered a violation to stop menstruation for more than six months.

To know what to do if the cycling is violated, you must first determine the reason for the delay:

physiology;
the state of the nervous system, emotional state;
hormones;
intense exercise;
eating disorder;
climate change;
sudden weight gain or loss;
genital trauma or defects.

Bringing the psychological state back to normal

Violation of the menstrual cycle is closely related to the emotional state. The stress in schools and in extra classes, worries about the opposite sex, conflicts with parents and peers lead to stressful situations. The adolescent body reacts sharply to such changes and includes a protective function. This can lead to a delay in menstruation.

You need to devote more time to activities that give pleasure, find a hobby that will distract from troubles.

Try to get more rest, sleep at least 8-10 hours a day, and at least 6 hours should be allowed for a night's sleep.

Restoring hormonal balance

In adolescence, the girl undergoes a process of restructuring the hormonal background. The hormone estrogen is actively produced - it is he who is responsible for the onset of ovulation and the beginning of menstruation. If there is a lack of hormones in the adolescent's body, then the next menstruation may not start on time.

If the girl has a suspicion of a malfunction in the work of hormones, then it is impossible to postpone the visit to the gynecologist. Why there is a delay, the doctor will find out, who will prescribe the drugs. Usually, after a course of hormone therapy, the menstrual cycle is restored.

Rational moderate exercise

Physical activity has a beneficial effect on the development of the body during adolescence. But here it is important to observe the measure - if sports activities deplete the body, then the cycle of menstruation is disrupted.

Power loads on the body should not lead to fatigue, but give a charge of vivacity.

During the formation of the menstrual cycle, it is better to postpone physical activity of increased complexity. It is enough to do exercises in the morning and not miss physical education lessons at school.

Correct development

Puberty in a girl begins between 8 and 10 years old. At this time, the body begins to grow vigorously and sexual characteristics appear:

breast augmentation;
growth of pubic hair and armpits;

The process of sexual development takes about five years. During this period, menstruation appears. At 15-16 years old, the girl is considered sexually mature. If menarche did not come before the age of 16, then the reason lies in the delay in development.

It is important to note that in this situation, spotting is completely absent. This disorder is called amenorrhea.

Parents should be the first to sound the alarm if their daughter did not have menarche at the age of 16. A timely visit to the doctor and identifying the cause will help avoid consequences with conception in the future.

Good nutrition

Often teenagers are unhappy with their appearance and figure, and girls go on a diet. The necessary vitamins and minerals cease to enter the body. If you do not start to make up for the losses in time, then your periods stop. An additional danger is a delay in intellectual development due to a lack of nutrients necessary for the brain.

Obesity can also cause your period to be delayed. In this case, proper nutrition and diet will improve the menstrual cycle.

What to do?

Harmful chips should be replaced with fish, meat, hot dishes, and forget about snacks.
Vegetables and fruits are required in the diet.
It is better to eat often, but in small portions.

Lack of hemoglobin also refers to the reason for the absence of menstruation. You can solve the problem by taking iron and folic acid preparations, which are prescribed by your doctor.

Timely treatment of diseases

The above reasons for delayed menstruation in most cases disappear without pain symptoms. If a girl at 13, 14, 15, 16 years old, in the absence of menstruation, feels pain in the abdomen or lower back, then it is necessary to visit a gynecologist. Only a doctor after examination can prescribe treatment - self-medication in this case is dangerous.

Infectious diseases, taking medications can lead to a disruption in the cycle - this is another reason why there was a delay.

Sitting on cold surfaces leads to hypothermia of the genitals, infectious diseases develop, which is why the cycle of menstruation is disrupted. All these problems will be solved by a qualified doctor.

Identifying and treating polycystic ovary syndrome

This is a fairly common problem for women, and often occurs in adolescence. The disease is a manifestation of serious disturbances in the work of the ovaries, pituitary gland and adrenal glands.

The body slows down the production of hormones and the menstrual cycle may stop or not start at all. If you start treatment on time, you can avoid infertility at an older age.

Eliminating other factors

There are cases when a girl's delay in menstruation is associated with heredity. This is not a disease or abnormality, but refers to the physiological characteristics of the body.

Traveling to the sea or traveling to other countries may disrupt the cycle. On the beach, after swimming, you should always change into dry clothes so as not to get hypothermic. Smoking, drinking alcohol should be completely excluded.

Pregnancy as a cause of delayed menstruation should not be ignored. Puberty for girls is faster than for boys. Sexual activity can lead to pregnancy even at the age of 14. Parents in this situation should not stand aside, but notice the changes as early as possible and take the girl to the gynecologist.

If a teenage girl has no monthly periods or the menstrual cycle is irregular, then you do not need to look for the cause of the delay on your own. At the first suspicion of a deviation from the norm, you need to make an appointment with a gynecologist, who will tell you why there was a delay. With the arrival of the first menstruation, every girl should regularly visit a gynecologist.

An important stage of growing up is the first period in girls. It is believed that modern adolescents are much more aware of the characteristics of their body than their parents, especially grandparents. In reality, the first day of menstruation can be a surprise for a girl, since children do not always have information about such an intimate process. To avoid the fears and worries associated with growing up, you should tell your child about what is happening in the body in connection with the beginning. It is better for mom to take care of this, who must not miss a single nuance. The girl should know that everything that happened to her is an absolute norm. At the same time, she needs to understand when to seek help from relatives or a doctor, how to behave during menstruation, and what should be avoided.

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Harbingers of the first critical days

First menses in girls. It depends on many factors:

Heredity. The earlier the mother's period went, the more likely their appearance the same period in the daughter;
Nationalities. Southerners grow up earlier;
Past diseases that can inhibit physical development;
Lifestyle and nutrition;
Body type, physical development.

Despite the differences in the age of the onset of menstruation, there are common features for all, according to which it is easy to understand when menstruation will go for the first time. They appear two years earlier than menarche should be expected. During this period, girls change physiologically:

The figure becomes more feminine, that is, the mammary glands are rounded, the hips are made wider;
Hair appears in the armpits and in the pubic area;
The sebaceous glands begin to work more actively, so the skin and hair become fatter, maybe on the face, chest, back.

The quick critical days in adolescents also affect the character long before they begin. The girl can become more abrupt, disobedient, whiny, even aggressive for no reason. This is due to the hormonal changes in the young body, which lasts at least two years.

The first menstruation in girls is quite definite, spotting does not come suddenly. An attentive mother will notice herself and warn her daughter that menstruation is preceded by the following symptoms:

The nature of vaginal discharge changes. They become thicker. It is important not to confuse a healthy girl with mucus that occurs during inflammation. In the first case, the discharge is transparent or milky and odorless;
Aching pain in the lower abdomen. It can be combined with an unreasonable headache, rapid fatigability;
Change of mood. Menstruation in adolescents in the emotional sphere does not differ much from what is happening with adult girls and women. Just yesterday, a cheerful and cheerful girl, shortly before her first menstruation, can become angry, capricious, touchy. Or she is thrown to the other extreme, she is possessed by apathy and drowsiness.

If a girl has a figure, secondary sexual characteristics are more clearly manifested and the listed circumstances are noticed, one can undoubtedly expect an imminent arrival of menstruation.

What should happen at the first menstrual period

The released blood in girls normally does not exceed 50-150 ml. This is a small loss for the body, but since everything happens for the first time, it is accompanied by certain inconveniences:

For most girls, the first cycle is painful. runs from 2 to 4 days. Pain sensations are localized in the lower triangle of the abdomen and lower back;
The first time is characterized by a breakdown, headache, sometimes the process can be accompanied;
The emotional state of the girl, as a rule, is restless; she can be unnaturally or unnaturally indifferent to everything.

How to behave during the first menstruation

Is of the utmost importance. Of course, girls are taught from an early age to wash and change clothes every day. But ignoring the rules of hygiene or even insufficient cleanliness when the first time went menstruation can cost dearly to health and damage her future adult life. These days it is more advisable to use pads with an outer layer of natural material. This makes it easier to control the volume of secretions, to protect the skin and mucous membranes from overheating, sweating and irritation. The gasket should be changed every 3 hours. It is better to wash not using soap, which dries out mucous membranes and the surface of the skin, but with well-known means intended for intimate hygiene. You should not take a bath on critical days, a shower will be more useful. It is important to remember and inspire the girl that soiled linen is a source of an unpleasant odor, and most importantly, a favorable environment for microbes, a source of inflammatory diseases, which will then have to get rid of for years.

The child should also be explained that heavy is unacceptable during menstruation. They are not only able to worsen the state of health, but also cause irreversible harm in the future, negatively affect the possibility of becoming a mother.

Protecting the emotional state of the girl on critical days, one should provide her with psychological comfort, eliminate all irritating factors. At the same time, it is necessary to explain that the arrival of menstruation means the possibility of becoming pregnant with a partner. The child should be aware of the consequences of early sexual life and methods of protection. Prudishness and shyness in this matter are costly for mothers and daughters.

The duration of the first menstruation

The first is usually 28 to 30 days. Themselves menstruation can go 3-7 days. Minor deviations from these parameters do not mean anything. A strong discrepancy between these numbers should be a reason to contact a gynecologist. Inflammatory diseases of the female reproductive system have become much younger in the past few decades. Ovarian neoplasms are diagnosed even in girls who have not had sexual relations. Menstruation problems can signal one of these diseases, so it is important to track the timing, duration and intensity of the first menstruation.

Monthly first year can be. Their cyclicity is established within 2 years. At this time, the intervals between menstruation can be from 1.5 to 3 months.

What to do if your first period does not come

If there are no objective reasons for this, then it is worth consulting with a gynecologist. The absence of menarche can be caused by hormonal imbalance, which is easier to correct if detected early.

Regular and adequate nutrition. Teenagers are often unhappy with their appearance and, wanting to quickly achieve perfection, torture the body with tough ones. One of these can cause the absence of menarche;
Unstable emotional background. Conflicts in the family and school, keeping a girl in constant tension, can deplete the body so much that menstruation does not occur.

As a drug support, doctors prescribe the drug Duphaston. But you can take it only after making sure that any diseases are not involved in the absence of the first menstruation. And only after consulting a doctor.

When you need to see a doctor during the first menstruation

Even with apparent health, adolescents sometimes develop medical problems during puberty. The first menstruation in girls, their character serves as a litmus test for the detection of previously hidden diseases. This is why it is important to know under what circumstances menstruation can be dangerous for a young body:

The break between periods is more than 3 months. Even in the first 2 years, when the cycle is just forming, such a time period is abnormal. A break may indicate endocrinological problems, inflammation or pregnancy;
by the time of menstruation. If, after 9-10 days, spotting continues, it is urgent to show the girl to a teenage gynecologist. It may happen that this is no longer menstruation, but internal bleeding caused by inflammation;
Excessive amount of blood. You can determine this parameter by hygiene items. If a large or medium-sized pad becomes unusable after 3 hours of use, this should prompt you to contact a specialist. In this case, the girl loses too much blood, which adds to her lethargy and drowsiness. Procrastination with a visit to the doctor can bring the body to such a state that cleaning is needed to stop bleeding;
Too much abdominal pain. Menstruation does not go without such sensations, at least in the first days. But if they are unbearable and interfere with your normal life, you should check if the critical days are only to blame.

The arrival of the first menstruation for every girl is a milestone event in her life. It means the end of childhood and the onset of adolescence. The task of parents is to make sure that in this wonderful and difficult period their daughter feels the care and support of her loved ones. It is important to teach the girl to understand the significance of what is happening, and also not to be afraid or intimidated by a medical examination.