The cardiovascular system. Inspection. Visible pulsation in the region of the heart, the base of the heart. Disturbed by strange sensations pulsation in the region of the heart Pulses near the heart

Inspection. There is no visible pulsation in the region of the heart, the base of the heart, the jugular fossa, the epigastric region. Positive venous pulse, Mussey's symptom, "carotid dance" were not revealed.

Palpation. The apical impulse is located 1.5 cm medially from the left mid-clavicular line, moderate strength, limited. The impulse is not palpable.

Systolic and diastolic tremors are not palpable. Epigastric pulsation is palpable; it is caused by the pulsation of the abdominal aorta.

Percussion.Relative dullness of the heart:

Borders of relative dullness of the heart: right - along the right edge of the sternum (IV intercostal space); left - in the V intercostal space, 1 cm outward from the mid-clavicular line; upper - at the level of the III intercostal space along a line located 1 cm outward from the left sternal line.

The diameter of the relative dullness of the heart is 12 cm.

The width of the vascular bundle is 6 cm.

The configuration of the heart is normal.

Absolute dullness of the heart:

The boundaries of absolute dullness: right - along the left edge of the sternum; left - 1 cm inward from the left border of the relative dullness of the heart; upper - at the level of 4 ribs.

Auscultation. Heart sounds on auscultation are muffled, rhythmic. III and IV heart sounds are not heard. Pathological cardiac and extracardiac murmurs are not heard. Heart rate (HR) 80 per minute.

Vascular examination

Examination of the arteries: moderate pulsation of the aorta in the jugular fossa, pulsation of the aorta to the right and left of the sternum is absent. The pulsation of the temporal, carotid, radial, popliteal arteries, arteries of the dorsum of the foot is not changed, rigidity, pathological tortuosity is absent.

Arterial pulse: the same on both radial arteries. The pulse rate is 80 beats per minute, rhythmic, moderate filling and tension. Blood pressure 130/70 mm. rt. Art.

Digestive system

Oral examination:

1. Tongue moist, coated with white bloom.

2. Teeth: dentures, etc. absent

Examination of the abdomen:

Pancreas: Cannot be felt.

The abdomen is symmetrical and participates in the act of breathing. Abdominal circumference - 90 cm. There is no protrusion of the navel. There are no dilated saphenous veins. Scars, striae, hernial formations are absent.

Auscultation. Intestinal noises are not heard. Percussion

A tympanic percussion sound is determined over the entire surface of the abdominal cavity. Ascites is not determined by the fluctuation method.

Palpation. Superficial approximate palpation: the abdomen is soft, there is no pain, muscle tension, the presence of a white line hernia, no umbilical hernia. Symptom Shchetkin-Blumberg negative. Superficially localized tumor-like formations are absent. Methodical deep sliding palpation according to Obraztsov - Strazhesko: the sigmoid colon is palpable as a painless, dense, smooth cylinder, about 2-3 cm in size, no rumbling is detected. Cecum: elastic consistency, painless, about 3 cm in size.Cross intestine: soft elastic consistency, painless, easily displaced, does not growl, size 5-6 cm. Ascending and descending parts of the colon: palpable in the form of a cylinder of dense, elastic consistency, 2-3 cm in size, the greater curvature and pylorus are not palpable.

Urinary system

Inspection. When examining the kidneys in the lumbar region, redness, soreness on palpation and a feeling of swelling (fluctuation) were not revealed. On examination of the bladder area, there is no bulging in the suprapubic area.

Percussion. Pasternatsky's symptom (tapping on the lumbar region) is negative on both sides.

Palpation. The kidneys are not palpable. On palpation in the area of the kidneys, pain was not detected. The bladder is not palpable.

Endocrine system

There is no visible enlargement of the thyroid gland. On palpation, its isthmus is determined in the form of a soft, mobile, painless roller. There are no symptoms of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. There are no changes in the face and limbs characteristic of acromegaly. There are no weight disorders (obesity, wasting). Skin pigmentation characteristic of Addison's disease was not found. The hairline is developed normally, there is no hair loss.

PULSATION(lat. pulsatio) - jerky movements of the walls of the heart and blood vessels, as well as transfer displacements of the soft tissues adjacent to the heart and blood vessels, resulting from the contractions of the heart.

The concept of "pulsation" is broader than "pulse", since the latter refers only to P. of the walls of blood vessels, caused by the passage through the vessel of a pulse pressure wave that forms in the aorta. At the same time, these concepts do not quite coincide due to more in-depth knowledge of the pulse, which is studied not only within the framework of the mechanical movement of the vascular walls (see Pulse, Plethysmography, Sphygmography). The transmission of the movements of the contracting heart and the pulsating walls of blood vessels over a certain distance depends on the elastic properties of the tissues through which this transmission takes place. The displacement is most quickly extinguished by the airborne lung tissue, it is transmitted somewhat better through adipose tissue, even better - through muscles, fascia, cartilage tissue and skin. The displacement force is unable to lead to momentary deformation of the bone tissue (in any case, to a tangible momentary deformation), although prolonged and strong pulsation of the organ directly adjacent to the bone can cause dystrophic changes, thinning and deformation in the latter (e.g., rib usulation, cardiac hump).

For diagnostic purposes, study both the normal P. of the heart and blood vessels, and observed in P.'s pathology of other organs and tissues. Of the main research methods for studying P., examination and palpation are used, the choice of additional research methods is determined by its tasks, the localization of the pulsating object and the reasons causing the pulsation.

P. hearts study multilaterally.

In particular, a wedge, the study of pulsating beats of the heart in the chest wall is important. Since most of the surface of the heart is surrounded by a layer of airy lung tissue, its pulsation in healthy people can usually be detected only in the apex, where the amplitude of heart movements is greatest, and the layer of lung tissue is insignificant. The moment of visible protrusion of the chest wall or palpation determined impulse, localized in the fifth intercostal space (approximately 1.5 cm medial to the left midclavicular line), corresponds to the systole of the ventricles of the heart. P. in the area of the apical impulse is well detected visually in thin people, especially in children and young people. In the presence of even a moderate P.'s fatty layer in the area of the apical impulse, it is not always possible to determine by eye. In these cases, it can usually be detected by palpation, especially in the position of the patient standing, sitting with the torso tilted forward or lying on the left side. In the position of the patient lying on the left side, the area of P.'s detection is shifted by 3-4 cm lateral than in the supine position. The apical impulse is more difficult to determine in obese persons, with a decrease in the stroke volume of the heart, the presence of pleuropericardial adhesions, exudate in the pleural or pericardial cavity; in healthy individuals, it is not found in those cases when it is localized behind the rib. Exploring the apical impulse, pay attention to the location and nature of the pulsation. When the heart is displaced as a result of the formation of adhesions, it is displaced by the fluid located in the pleural cavities, by massive masses located in the lungs or mediastinum, or by an elevated diaphragm (with severe flatulence or ascites), the localization of the apical impulse changes in the direction of the displacement force. An increase in the left ventricle of the heart leads to a displacement of the apical impulse to the left and down (sometimes up to the seventh intercostal space); with an increase in the right ventricle, the apical impulse is also pushed to the left (but not down) due to the pushing back of the left ventricle.

The apical impulse pulsation is characterized by area, height and strength. The height of the apical impulse is called the amplitude of the displacement of the chest wall, and the force is the pressure exerted by the apical impulse on the fingers or palm applied to the area P. more. At the height of inspiration, due to an increase in the airiness of the lung tissue separating the apex of the heart from the chest wall, apical P. is determined on a smaller surface and has a smaller amplitude; sometimes with a deep breath, and also with emphysema of the lungs, apical P. is not determined. The main and most common cause of an increase in the area and height of the apical impulse is an increase in the left ventricle. A strong (lifting) apical impulse is the only sign of left ventricular hypertrophy available to direct medical research, although P. of a similar nature is possible with pronounced hyperkinesia of the heart. A very high and strong (domed) apical impulse is characteristic of significant eccentric hypertrophy of the left ventricular myocardium, observed, for example, with aortic valve insufficiency. A weakened and diffuse (enlarged in area) apical impulse is noted with dilatation of the dystrophically altered left ventricle of the heart. To undoubtedly patol, P. of intercostal spaces in the precordial region, observed at aneurysms of the anterior wall of the left ventricle, belongs to signs (see. Heart aneurysm). With obliteration of the pericardial cavity or massive adhesions of the pericardium with P.'s pleura in the area of the apical impulse, it can be paradoxical (negative apical impulse) due to the fact that such changes impede the movement of the apex of the heart during systole forward and upward, and the contracting heart draws in the tissues soldered to it chest wall.

Objective and profound P.'s characteristic in the area of the apical impulse is carried out by means of apexcardiography (see. Cardiography). To assess the activity of the heart on the displacement of various pericardial environments or the whole body associated with its P., ballistocardiography (see), dynamo-cardiography (see), pulmocardiography (see) and other methods of special studies are also used. For P.'s study of contours of the heart use rentgenol. research methods, especially roentgenokymography (see) and electrokimography (see). Echo-cardiography allows to get an idea of P. of various structures of a working heart (see).

In healthy people, especially young and thin people, pulsation in the epigastric region is often visually and palpated, sometimes extending to the lower third of the sternum and adjacent sections of the anterior chest wall - a cardiac impulse. This P. is mainly caused by contractions of the right ventricle of the heart. After significant physical exertion, a cardiac impulse can also be detected in healthy individuals of older age groups, prone to obesity. However, a sharp and strong P. in the epigastric region at rest, accompanied by a concussion of the lower third of the sternum and the adjacent region of the anterior chest wall, serves as a reliable sign of pronounced hypertrophy of the right ventricle. P. in the epigastric region can also be associated with the passage of a pulse wave through the aorta (such P. is better visible when the patient lies on his back) and with pulsating changes in the volume of the liver caused by the retrograde passage of the pulse wave through the veins and pulse changes in the blood filling of the liver. In the first case, deep palpation of the abdominal cavity reveals an intensely pulsating aorta. To differentiate P. of the liver with its displacements caused by a heart impulse, use two methods. The first is that the edge of the liver is captured between the thumb and the rest of the fingers of the palpating hand (the palm is brought under the lower edge of the liver) and, in the presence of hepatic P., changes in the volume of the liver area captured by the hand are felt. The second method is that the index and middle fingers of the palpating hand are placed on the front surface of the liver: if at the time of P.'s sensation the fingers move apart, then this indicates pulse changes in the volume of the liver, and not its displacement. An auxiliary role in P.'s identification revealed in the epigastric region is played by reohepatography (see Rheography), as well as the detection of a positive venous pulse (see Sphygmography), which, together with P. of the liver, is observed with tricuspid insufficiency (see Acquired heart defects). With simultaneous palpation of the liver and apical impulse, it is possible to determine the temporal relationship between P. of the liver and systole of the heart only with significant skill. Synchronous recording of ECG and reohepatogram allows to distinguish between P. of the liver associated with ventricular systole (systolic P.) and with atrial systole (presystolic P.).

In persons of asthenic constitution, P. is sometimes visible in the jugular fossa (retrosternal P.), caused by the passage of a pulse wave along the aortic arch. In patol, conditions, retrosternal P. visible to the eye is observed at pronounced lengthening or expansion of the aorta, especially at its aneurysm (see. Aortic aneurysm). With syphilitic aortic aneurysm, tissues of the anterior chest wall can become thinner, and in this case P. is determined on a large area adjacent to the handle of the sternum. In practically healthy persons with a short chest, retrosternal P. is often determined by palpation (with a finger inserted by the handle of the sternum). At the same time, retrosternal P. itself is characterized by upward shocks; in healthy people, the lateral surfaces of the finger often simultaneously palpate the pulse of the brachiocephalic trunk and the left common carotid artery. In most cases, retrosternal P. is patol, the character being associated with lengthening of the aorta, its expansion or a combination of these changes.

At aortic insufficiency (see. Acquired heart defects), thyrotoxicosis, severe hyperkinesia of the heart, superficial arrangement of arteries or their aneurysms, the presence of arteriovenous shunts, P. can be visually determined over different vascular areas. So, the expressed P. is characteristic of aortic insufficiency - the so-called. dance of the carotid arteries, P. pupils, P. spots of hyperemic skin (precapillary pulse) are sometimes observed.

In some cases, P. of large superficial veins of the neck is visually determined. P. veins can be presystolic (with tricuspid stenosis) and systolic (with tricuspid insufficiency). An exact idea of the nature of P. of veins allows you to obtain a synchronous recording of a phlebosphygmogram and an ECG.

V. A. Bogoslovsky.

Good afternoon.
Complaints of weakness, flickering of flies in the eyes, periodic pressing pains in the heart during exercise, lack of appetite, dizziness, dry skin.
Medical history: Chronic anemia associated with ulcerative colitis for about 40 years. She was treated on an outpatient and inpatient basis in October 2014. Periodically takes a totem, sorbifer durules. Deterioration of health during the last 2 weeks, when the above complaints intensified. She turned for medical help at the KDP, was examined, and was sent routinely to a hospital.
Life history: more than 40 years - nonspecific ulcerative colitis, constantly taking salofalk 500 mg, 2 tons. * 2 r. per day, the last hospitalization for this disease - 5 years ago (AMOKB No. 1), blood pressure rises for many years to 190 - 210/100 -110 mm. rt. Art, constantly takes egilok 50 mg 2 rd, Arifon 1 tsut, chronic venous insufficiency 2 tbsp. In June 2014 - an accident, subcapsular hematoma of the spleen.

type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pensioner. Has no bad habits. Tuberculosis denies viral hepatitis. Drug intolerance: denies. Epidemiological history: Contact with infectious patients denies. Everyone is healthy in the family. There were no hemotransfusions. I have not traveled outside the city of Astrakhan for the last 2 months. There were no tick or other insect bites. He drinks boiled water and milk. I did not swim in open reservoirs.
Objectively: Temperature 36.3. The condition is unsatisfactory. In consciousness, kontaktna answers questions correctly, in full, her voice is quiet, her speech is correct. The pupils are equal, they react well to light. The gait is sluggish, in the Romberg position - swaying. Correct physique, subcutaneous fat is normal. The constitution is normosthenic. The musculoskeletal system is not changed. The skin is clean, dry, pale in color with a yellowish tinge, the turgor is reduced. Peripheral l / nodes (submandibular, cervical, axillary, inguinal) are not enlarged, painless. The thyroid gland is not enlarged. The isthmus is palpated. Chest of the correct shape. Lungs: NPV - 18 per minute. With lung percussion, the sound is pulmonary, of the same sonority on both sides. Auscultatory vesicular breathing, no wheezing. The area of the heart is not changed, the boundaries of relative cardiac dullness: upper - at the level of 3 m / ribs; right - the right edge of the sternum; left - 1 cm medially from the left midclavicular line. Heart: heart rate 78 per minute. BP on the right hand 170/90 mm Hg
on the left hand 160/90 mm Hg. The heart sounds are muffled, the rhythm is correct. Tongue moist, thickly coated with white bloom. The abdomen is soft and painless on palpation. The lower edge of the liver along the edge of the right costal arch. The spleen is not enlarged. No peripheral edema. S. Pasternatsky negative on both sides. The pulsation of the vessels of the lower extremities is preserved, weakened. Urination is painless, free. The chair is intermittent, not always decorated.
PRELIMINARY DIAGNOSIS:
Main: Anemia of mixed origin (iron, folate deficiency, against the background of systemic disease), moderate severity.
Background: Ulcerative colitis.
Concomitant: Secondary arterial hypertension 2 tbsp. Atherosclerosis of the aorta. Sideropenic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes mellitus type 2, compensated. Planned: - Carrying out antianemic, detoxification therapy,
COLONOFIBROSCOPY from 17.03.2015
I am aware of the nature of the study / a /, warned about a possible biopsy / a /. Consent received.
Bookmark: Chronic external and internal hemorrhoids without visible exacerbation. The tone of the anal sphincter is reduced. Catarrhal sigmoiditis? / UC? (the mucous membrane of the entire sigmoid colon is hyperemic, edematous, against the background of general hyperemia there are areas of brighter hyperemia, viscous mucus in places on the mucous membrane, the lumen of the sigmoid colon is somewhat narrowed, it is a tube, there are no folds). A separate biopsy was performed in the proximal and distal parts of the s-intestine.
and performing a biopsy, the mucous membrane is unstructured, fragmented. In the proximal part of the s-intestine, at the place of transition to the descending, wide diverticulum, which is a continuation of the intestinal lumen, the mucous membrane in it is the same as in the entire sigmoid colon. Chronic hypotonic colitis / folds throughout the colon are smoothed / out of visible exacerbation. In the rectum and behind the sigmoid, up to the cecum, without inflammatory and organic changes. The result of histological examination after 7 days.
COLONOFIBROSCOPY from 03.10.2014
Aware of the nature of the research / a /. A possible biopsy was warned / a /. Consent received.
Conclusion: Erosive-catarrhal sigmoiditis / mucous membrane of the sigmoid colon throughout, around the entire perimeter, edematous, eroded,
in some areas in the form of a cobblestone pavement /. Biopsy performed. Further to the dome of the cecum and in the rectum without features. The result of histology after 7 days.
Could you give your opinion.
Thanks.

www.health-ua.org

For those who love light effects, I suggest assembling a simple device that resembles a pulsating heart when the power is turned on. The device contains 58 color LEDs arranged in the form of three hearts.
The circuitry driving the LEDs gives the impression of "pulsing".

In each of the three hearts, the LEDs are connected in series. The LEDs in the big heart are red, the average is green, and the smallest is yellow. It is very important to install the LEDs correctly. If installed incorrectly, the circuit will not work and an additional installation check will be required. Therefore, on the board, to facilitate the installation of the LEDs, the places where the anode should be and where the cathode should be are indicated. In the new LED, the anode leg is longer than the cathode lead. If the leads have already been shortened, you need to look at the LED in good lighting and it will be seen that one lead with the cup is the cathode, the second is the anode.

Device PCB:

All parts are installed on the side of the printed conductors, except for the microcircuit and LEDs. The LEDs are fully inserted into the board.

Soldering the LEDs must be done quickly (2-3 seconds) so as not to damage the LEDs. With proper installation, no adjustments are required. The device is powered by a voltage of 12..14V. If the voltage is less than 12V, the circuit does not work.

Appearance of the assembled device:

List of radio components for assembling a pulsating heart:

Microcircuit - CD4093 (analogue of KR1561TL1)
Resistors:
R1, R2 - 68 kOhm
R3 - 150 kOhm
R4, R5, R6 - 3.3 kOhm
R7, R8, R9, R10, R11 - 270 Ohm
R12, R13, R14, R15 - 100 Ohm
R16, R17 - 47..56 Ohm
Transistors - BC547 (KT3107).
Capacitors:
C1, C2, C3 - 1 μF, 25V
C4 - 100 uF, 25V

Download PCB file: Pulsir.-serdce.lay6 (Downloads: 203)

In conclusion, a video of the work of a pulsating heart:

radioaktiv.ru

P. hearts study multilaterally.

the position of the patient lying on the left side, the area of P.'s detection is shifted by 3-4 cm lateral than in the supine position. The apical impulse is more difficult to determine in obese persons, with a decrease in the stroke volume of the heart, the presence of pleuropericardial adhesions, exudate in the pleural or pericardial cavity; in healthy individuals, it is not found in those cases when it is localized behind the rib. Exploring the apical impulse, pay attention to the location and nature of the pulsation. When the heart is displaced as a result of the formation of adhesions, it is displaced by the fluid located in the pleural cavities, by massive masses located in the lungs or mediastinum, or by an elevated diaphragm (with severe flatulence or ascites), the localization of the apical impulse changes in the direction of the displacement force. An increase in the left ventricle of the heart leads to a displacement of the apical impulse to the left and down (sometimes up to the seventh intercostal space); with an increase in the right ventricle, the apical impulse is also pushed to the left (but not down) due to the pushing back of the left ventricle.

the height of inspiration due to an increase in the airiness of the lung tissue separating the apex of the heart from the chest wall, apical P. is determined on a smaller surface and has a smaller amplitude; sometimes with a deep breath, and also with emphysema of the lungs, apical P. is not determined. The main and most common cause of an increase in the area and height of the apical impulse is an increase in the left ventricle. A strong (lifting) apical impulse is the only sign of left ventricular hypertrophy available to direct medical research, although P. of a similar nature is possible with pronounced hyperkinesia of the heart. A very high and strong (domed) apical impulse is characteristic of significant eccentric hypertrophy of the left ventricular myocardium, observed, for example, with aortic valve insufficiency. A weakened and diffuse (enlarged in area) apical impulse is noted with dilatation of the dystrophically altered left ventricle of the heart. To undoubtedly patol, P. of intercostal spaces in the precordial region, observed at aneurysms of the anterior wall of the left ventricle, belongs to signs (see. Heart aneurysm). With obliteration of the pericardial cavity or massive adhesions of the pericardium with P.'s pleura in the area of the apical impulse, it can be paradoxical (negative apical impulse) due to the fact that such changes impede the movement of the apex of the heart during systole forward and upward, and the contracting heart draws in the tissues soldered to it chest wall.

It is more visible when the patient is lying on his back) and with pulsating changes in the volume of the liver, caused by the retrograde passage of the pulse wave through the veins and pulse changes in the blood filling of the liver. In the first case, deep palpation of the abdominal cavity reveals an intensely pulsating aorta. To differentiate P. of the liver with its displacements caused by a heart impulse, use two methods. The first is that the edge of the liver is captured between the thumb and the rest of the fingers of the palpating hand (the palm is brought under the lower edge of the liver) and, in the presence of hepatic P., changes in the volume of the liver area captured by the hand are felt. The second method is that the index and middle fingers of the palpating hand are placed on the front surface of the liver: if at the time of P.'s sensation the fingers move apart, then this indicates pulse changes in the volume of the liver, and not its displacement. An auxiliary role in P.'s identification revealed in the epigastric region is played by reohepatography (see Rheography), as well as the detection of a positive venous pulse (see Sphygmography), which, together with P. of the liver, is observed with tricuspid insufficiency (see Acquired heart defects). With simultaneous palpation of the liver and apical impulse, it is possible to determine the temporal relationship between P. of the liver and systole of the heart only with significant skill. Synchronous recording of ECG and reohepatogram allows to distinguish between P. of the liver associated with ventricular systole (systolic P.) and with atrial systole (presystolic P.).

V. A. Bogoslovsky.

bme.org

Heart rate indicators

The pulse is characterized by several values.

Frequency is the number of beats per minute. It must be measured correctly. Heart rate while sitting and lying down may differ. Therefore, when measuring, use the same pose, otherwise the obtained data may be misinterpreted. Also, the frequency increases in the evening. Therefore, do not be alarmed if its value is 75 in the morning and 85 in the evening is a normal phenomenon.

Rhythm - if the time interval between adjacent beats is different, then arrhythmia is present.

Filling - characterizes the difficulty of detecting the pulse, depends on the volume of blood distilled by the heart at a time. If it is difficult to palpate, this indicates heart failure.

Tension - characterized by the effort that must be made to feel the pulse. Depends on the blood pressure indicator.

Height - characterized by the amplitude of oscillation of the arterial walls, a rather complex medical term. It is important not to confuse altitude and heart rate, these are completely different concepts. The cause of a high pulse (not rapid, but high!) In most cases is the malfunction of the aortic valve.

Rapid pulse: causes

The first and main reason, as is the case with many other diseases, is a sedentary lifestyle. The second is a weak heart muscle, which is unable to maintain normal blood circulation even with little physical exertion.

In some cases, a faster heart rate may be normal. This happens in old age and during the first years of life. So, in newborn babies, the heart rate is 120-150 beats per minute, which is not a deviation, but is associated with rapid growth.

Often, a rapid pulse is a symptom of tachycardia if it manifests itself in a calm state of the human body.

Tachycardia can result from:

Fevers;
Improper functioning of the nervous system;
Endocrine system disorders;
Poisoning of the body with toxins or alcohol;
Stress, nervousness;
Oncological diseases;
Cachexia;
Anemia;
Myocardial damage;
Infectious diseases.

Factors that can cause a rapid heart rate:

Insomnia or nightmares;
Use of drugs and aphrodisiacs;
The use of antidepressants;
The use of drugs that stimulate sexual activity;
Constant stress;
Alcohol abuse;
Overwork;
Excess weight;
High blood pressure;
Colds, SARS or flu.

When is a fast heart rate normal?

There are several conditions of the body when a high heart rate may not be an alarming signal, but a normal phenomenon:

Age - as they grow older, the frequency decreases, in children it can be 90-120 beats per minute;
Physical development - in people whose body is trained, the heart rate is higher compared to those who lead a less active lifestyle;
Late pregnancy.

Tachycardia

Identifying the causes of a frequent pulse, one cannot but tell in detail about tachycardia. Rapid pulse is one of its main symptoms. But the tachycardia itself does not arise out of the blue, you need to look for the disease that caused it. There are two large groups of these:

Cardiovascular diseases;
Endocrine system ailments and hormonal disorders.

Whatever the cause of tachycardia lies, it must be identified and treated immediately. Currently, unfortunately, cases of paroxysmal tachycardia have become more frequent, which is accompanied by:

Dizziness;
Acute chest pain in the region of the heart;
Fainting;
Shortness of breath.

The main group of people susceptible to this disease are alcoholics, heavy smokers, people who take drugs for a long time or strong medications.

There is a separate type of tachycardia that healthy people can suffer from, it is called neurogenic, it is associated with disorders of the peripheral and central nervous system, which leads to a deterioration in the function of the cardiac conduction system, and, as a result, a rapid pulse.

Rapid pulse with normal blood pressure

If the pressure does not bother, but the pulse is off scale, this is an alarming signal and a good reason to visit a doctor. In this case, the doctor will order an examination to identify the cause of the rapid heartbeat. Typically, the cause is a thyroid disorder or hormonal imbalance.

An attack of a rapid pulse at normal pressure can be reduced to naught, for this you need:

Cough;
Pinch yourself;
Blow out your nose;
Wash with ice water.

Heart palpitations treatment

If the heartbeat is frequent due to high fever, then antipyretic drugs and methods will help.

In case the heart is ready to jump out of the chest due to excessive physical exertion, it is worth stopping and resting a little.

Acupressure massage in the neck area is a very effective remedy. But it should be done by an experienced person, massaging the area of pulsation of the carotid artery from right to left. By breaking the sequence, you can bring a person to a fainting state.

There are medications that can lower your heart rate:

Corvalol;
Vaocordin;
Hawthorn tincture.

Folk remedies in the fight against a rapid heart rate

1 teaspoon of celandine and 10 grams of dried hawthorn, pour a glass of boiling water, insist well.
Mix 1 part of chokeberry juice, 3 parts of cranberry juice, 2 parts of carrot juice and 2 parts of alcohol. Squeeze 1 lemon into the mixture.
An incredibly effective mixture of lemon and honey. You need to take 1 kg of lemons, 1 kg of honey, 40 apricot pits. Grate lemons, peel and crush the seeds. Mix everything with honey.

A high pulse rate can be the cause of many diseases. A timely detected ailment is the key to its successful treatment!

Heart pain may indicate the development of diseases.

For the initial diagnosis, the following factors must be taken into account:

the duration of the pain;
the nature of the unpleasant sensations (stabbing, cutting, squeezing, aching, periodic or constant);
conditions for the occurrence of discomfort (at what time and under what circumstances the pain appeared).

There is a misconception that any pain in the left side of the chest is cardiac. In fact, the typical zone of localization of cardiac discomfort is the sternum (the area behind it and to the left of it). Unpleasant sensations reach the armpit.

To make the correct diagnosis, you must definitely see a doctor. Pain in the sternum is a symptom of many pathologies associated not only with the heart, but also with the lungs, mammary gland, stomach, muscles, bones and blood vessels.

Causes of pain in the heart

The discomfort that occurs in the region of the heart can be of varying intensity. Some patients feel a slight tingling sensation, others a sharp pain that paralyzes the entire body.

At home, you can only roughly determine the cause of the discomfort. First you need to study all possible diseases and abnormalities that can cause a similar symptom.

Unpleasant sensations can appear due to damage to muscles, bones, nerve trunks and even skin. Heart overload, which occurs due to increased physical activity, arterial and portal hypertension, is also dangerous.

Chest pain does not always indicate the development of heart disease. Discomfort, aggravated by tilting the body, deep inhalation or exhalation, may be due to pathologies of the costal cartilage or radiculitis (chest).

Short and periodic cardiac discomfort of an uncertain nature often speaks of the development of a neurosis. In patients with this diagnosis, pain is localized in one place, for example, under the heart.

If a person is nervous, then he may also experience cardiac pain. Discomfort, which seems to press on the heart, appears due to intestinal distention. The unpleasant sensations that occur after eating a certain food or fasting indicate diseases of the pancreas or the stomach itself.

What does the nature of the pain indicate?

The nature of the pain is a decisive factor in helping to accurately determine the type of disease.

Squeezing

Pain, typical with oxygen deficiency of the muscle of the heart. It often occurs with ischemic diseases.

With angina pectoris, an unpleasant sensation appears behind the sternum, radiates to the scapula. Also, the patient's left arm becomes numb. The pain occurs suddenly, usually due to excessive stress on the heart. Compressive discomfort can occur in a person after stress, physical activity, or eating a large amount of food.

Pain is atypical if it is localized under the left shoulder blade and occurs in the early hours when the person is at rest. Such discomfort appears due to a rare type of angina pectoris - Prinzmetal's disease.

Pain under the left shoulder blade may indicate Prinzmetal's disease

Oppressive

Pain can occur in a perfectly healthy person due to alcohol or drug intoxication, as well as due to physical stress.

Pressing discomfort under the heart is characteristic of diseases such as: arterial hypertension, breast or stomach cancer. If the discomfort is accompanied by rhythm disturbances and shortness of breath, then this indicates myocarditis (allergic or infectious). Pressing heart pain can also arise from experiences.

If the pain is accompanied by shortness of breath, then this indicates myocarditis.

Stabbing

No need to worry if the heart colitis is inconsistent and without accompanying symptoms (problems with speech, dizziness, fainting). The most common cause of stabbing discomfort is neurocirculatory dystonia. It occurs during physical activity, when the vessels do not have time to expand or narrow with changes in the rhythm.

Pain, which is constant and interferes with breathing, speaks of diseases of the lungs and bronchi (pneumonia, cancer, tuberculosis). A sharp stabbing pain in the left side of the chest is a symptom of myositis. The disease occurs due to muscle sprains, infection, hypothermia and helminthic invasion.

Neurocirculatory dystonia can occur due to physical exertion

Aching

Aching discomfort in the region of the heart is a typical symptom for patients suffering from regular psycho-emotional overload. At the same time, the pain can be strongly felt and occur periodically. As a rule, patients with aching cardiac discomfort do not have any serious diseases or abnormalities. A person should think about going to a neurologist or psychotherapist if he has the following symptoms:

depression;
apathy or, on the contrary, increased irritability;
suspiciousness, anxiety;
somatisation disorder.

If in the area of the heart it hurts and hurts for no specific reason, then this may indicate cardioneurosis. Aching-compressive discomfort also occurs against the background of ischemic stroke, but in this case, other characteristic symptoms are observed: dizziness, loss of consciousness, a sharp deterioration in vision, numbness of the limbs.

Sharp

The occurrence of severe and sudden cardiac discomfort in most cases requires further hospitalization of the patient. Sharp and sharp pain is a characteristic symptom of many serious pathologies. Such discomfort may indicate diseases such as:

Myocardial infarction. Pathology is characterized by lingering pain that occurs suddenly and is not amenable to pain medications. It becomes difficult for the patient to breathe, he has a fear of imminent death. Unpleasant sensations can be given to the stomach, spread throughout the chest. With myocardial infarction, the patient may begin vomiting or involuntary urination.
Dissection of the aortic aneurysm. Often occurs in older people who have had aorta or heart surgery. Patients have a sensation of sudden cutting pain, rapidly gaining intensity. At first, you may feel as if something is stabbed inside. Discomfort often radiates to the shoulder blade. At the same time, the patient's blood pressure constantly rises and falls.
Broken ribs. With fractures, burning pain is observed, which subsequently transforms into aching. The patient requires immediate hospitalization as internal bleeding may begin.
PE (pulmonary embolism). The disease leads to blockage of the pulmonary artery by a blood clot that has come from varicose veins or pelvic organs. This pathology is characterized by sharp cardiac discomfort, which gains intensity over time. The patient may have a feeling that he is pressing or baking inside. The main symptoms of PE are palpitations, coughing up blood clots, dizziness, and loss of consciousness. Patients often have difficulty breathing and have severe shortness of breath.
Pathology of the stomach and esophagus. The most dangerous phenomenon is perforation of the ulcer of the cardiac or stomach. With such a complication, a sharp stabbing pain occurs, transforming into lightheadedness. The patient has black dots in front of his eyes, he may lose consciousness. Any diseases of the stomach and esophagus, accompanied by vomiting or loss of consciousness, require hospitalization.

Sudden and sharp pain indicates myocardial infarction

In some cases, severe cardiac discomfort occurs against the background of prolonged angina pectoris. In addition to pain, the patient may feel dizzy.

How to distinguish between symptoms of cardiac ischemia and signs of cardiac ulcers? With ischemia, discomfort occurs during physical activity, more often in the daytime or in the evening. The pain has a constricting, less often - aching character, lasts up to half an hour. With an ulcer, discomfort occurs in the morning when the stomach is empty. The discomfort is sucking or pressing in nature, lasting for several hours or a whole day.

What to do with heart pain?

A person who has a sharp heart seizure needs to be given first aid. For minor illnesses, you can try medication and traditional methods of treatment. Any therapy should be agreed with your doctor.

First aid

If the heart suddenly aches, then you should immediately stop physical activity and calm down. The person should sit down, loosen or remove outer clothing and squeezing accessories (belt, tie, necklace). It is advisable to sit in a comfortable chair or lie down on the bed. Such methods are suitable if the heart aches due to overload.

The patient needs to measure blood pressure. With readings above 100 mm Hg, one nitroglycerin tablet should be placed under the tongue and wait until it completely dissolves. First aid is especially effective for angina pectoris. If such methods do not help, then you need to call an ambulance.

With ischemic stroke, you can also provide first aid. To do this, gently turn the victim to one side, cover with a warm blanket and apply ice or a cold object to his forehead. You can not use ammonia to bring a person to their senses. If there is a suspicion of clinical death, it is necessary to give the patient a heart massage.

In the event of sharp pains in the heart, a person must be provided with peace.

Pharmacy preparations

Over-the-counter drugs can help with minor pain. It should be understood that all serious diseases are treated under the close supervision of a physician. The following medications help to get rid of pain in the heart:

Corvalol (drops). A sedative used for congestion and nervous conditions. Available in the form of drops. Not approved for use by lactating women. Take 15 to 50 drops at a time. The drug should be dripped into a small amount of water and drunk after meals. Recommended dose for tachycardia: 45 drops. Corvalol cost: around ruble.
Validol (tablets). Another sedative that dilates blood vessels. The drug is used for angina pectoris, cardialgia, neuroses. Daily dose: 1 tablet no more than 3 times a day. The positive effect should occur within 5-10 minutes after using the medicine. In the absence of a pronounced effect on the second day of using the medication, therapy should be discontinued. The cost of the drug: from 50 rubles per package.
Aspirin cardio (tablets). A medicine that helps with angina pectoris (in particular - unstable), cerebral circulation disorders. It is used more often for the prevention of various heart diseases. The remedy relieves cardiac pain of varying severity. The drug should be used once a day. The tablets should not be taken by pregnant or lactating women. The cost of the medication: from 80 rubles.
Piracetam (ampoules). Injections can be given with this drug. The remedy is effective for coronary heart disease. It has a nootropic effect. It is necessary to use the drug carefully, since at the very beginning of treatment, injections are administered both intravenously and intramuscularly. You should do 2-3 injections per day, the daily dose of the drug is mg. Treatment course: at least 7 days. Cost of funds: from 45 rubles.

Folk remedies

For pain in the heart, various methods of therapy should be applied. It is worth giving up smoking, alcohol, junk and fatty foods. Patients need to be outdoors often, preferably going outdoors. It is also worth isolating yourself from psycho-emotional stress. Otherwise, serious problems cannot be avoided, since all negative factors affect the heart.

Valerian, hawthorn and motherwort

A soothing blend to help with aching and pressing pain caused by stress. To prepare the solution, you need to pour a glass of warm water and add a few drops of valerian, motherwort and hawthorn to it. The tincture can be drunk 2 times a day. It helps relieve stress and relieve cardiac discomfort.

Valerian tincture will help relieve pain

Motherwort, hawthorn and rose hips

The mixture will help strengthen blood vessels and stabilize the work of the heart. You will need to take 1.5 liters of boiled water, 1 tablespoon of rose hips, 2 tablespoons of motherwort and 5 tablespoons of hawthorn. As a result, you will get a solution that will last for several days. It should be taken 1-2 times a day for half a glass. The mixture does not help treat serious heart disease, but it provides powerful prophylaxis and pain relief.

Motherwort will help stabilize heart function

Pumpkin juice and honey

Pumpkin juice with honey should be taken in case of cardiovascular pathologies. The ingredients must be mixed in proportions of 3: 1. In order for the mixture to work well, you need to drink it at night. You can also take a nut mixture with raisins, as it helps to strengthen the walls of blood vessels and has a beneficial effect on the nervous system.

Pumpkin juice has a good effect on the cardiovascular system.

Can I drink coffee when my heart hurts?

There is a list of factors in the presence of which it is strongly not recommended to drink coffee. It should not be consumed by pensioners and children. Teenagers also need to limit their frequent drinking of coffee and coffee drinks. This drink is strictly prohibited for people with hypertension.

It is forbidden to drink coffee for people with hypertension

Various studies have proven that nothing happens to a person suffering from heart disease after coffee. At the same time, you can drink no more than 1-2 cups a day, depending on age and condition. The coffee should be sugar-free and too strong. It is also worth noting that regular consumption of this drink reduces immunity.

Related materials:

If you have problems with blood pressure, we recommend that you pay attention to the natural preparation for normalizing pressure Normalife. We wrote about it in detail in this article.

Is it dangerous - for three months now, a muscle in the region of the heart has been pulsating in the region of the heart?

1 osteochondrosis caused by irritation of the nerve root and its vessels by herniated disc of the spine;

2 magnesium deficiency in the body. Magnesium blocks the excessive influx of calcium into cells, thereby preventing excessive tension of skeletal muscles and smooth muscles, and contributes to their natural relaxation;

3 neurosis due to lack of sleep and overwork;

4 professional physical activity on this muscle area.

Pulsating in the region of the heart - is it normal?

Hello! I'm a 17 year old boy. Pulsation in the region of the heart worries, especially when lying on the left side. This is not like a heart beat, but rather like a vein on the arm pulsating like this. ECG, ultrasound, Holter - normal. I am not thin, I have a little extra pounds, especially in the chest. It seems that the ribs do not move and this ripple is already on top. What could it be? Is it okay? Patient age: 17 years

Doctor's consultation on the topic "Pulsing in the region of the heart"

Hello Ilya! The presented XM ECG protocol does not cause any concerns, these changes are permissible.

What you feel "like a pulsation" may be due to convulsive contractions of the muscle fibers of the muscles of the chest. It can even be called a "nervous tic". These twitching can occur with emotional instability, physical exertion (on the back), with an uncomfortable position of the body, with scoliosis, osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine.

Depending on the cause of such tics, treatment regimens can be different - if emotional instability prevails - sedatives (herbal series) can be used, if the pathology of the thoracic region is antispastic drugs, NSAIDs, B vitamins.

Ask a clarifying question in the special form below if you think the answer is incomplete. We will answer your question as soon as possible.

Pulsation in the region of the heart

Normally, aortic pulsation is not detected. Aortic pulsation is a sign of pathology (eg, aortic aneurysm, hypertension, aortic valve insufficiency). This pulsation is called retrosternal (retrosternal).

Trembling of the chest (cat's purr) is noted above the apex of the heart during diastole (with mitral stenosis) and above the aorta during systole (with stenosis of the aortic ostium).

Epigastric pulsation is determined with hypertrophy and dilatation of the right ventricle, aneurysm or atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta, aortic valve insufficiency).

Pulsation of the liver can be true (with tricuspid valve insufficiency) or transmission (with pulsation of the aorta).

heartbeat

Questions and answers for: heartbeat

On April 29, I was in the shower and bent over to pick up a washcloth. At this moment, a sharp sharp pain arose in the area of the shoulder blades. I could not part them to the sides, it was hard to breathe. This lasted for min. Then the pain receded. During the day, it was hard for me to bend over. By evening, the pain subsided, and the next day it was almost gone. But after a few days my scapula began to hurt, under it, the pain was in my left arm. Pain in the left ribs. The pain is felt in the middle and below the chest. Mostly dull, aching. If you put your hand between the shoulder blades in front, there is not much pain. Often becomes cloudy in the head, but passes quickly. At this moment, it seems that breathing stops and the heart stops beating. It passes quickly. Feeling that there is not enough air. Feeling of tightness, heaviness in the chest. Felt in lying, sitting and standing positions. Periodically I feel pulsation in the ribs. These attacks are almost every day. I went to the doctor, did an EKG. ECG is normal. Pressure 90 /. Pulm 70. Previously, there were no heart problems. The doctors say that the heart is in order. But I'm still worried. 25 years. Height 170. Weight 50kg.

Complaints of weakness, flickering of flies in the eyes, periodic pressing pains in the heart during exercise, lack of appetite, dizziness, dry skin.

Medical history: Chronic anemia associated with ulcerative colitis for about 40 years. She was treated on an outpatient and inpatient basis in October 2014. Periodically takes a totem, sorbifer durules. Deterioration of health during the last 2 weeks, when the above complaints intensified. She turned for medical help at the KDP, was examined, and was sent routinely to a hospital.

Life history: more than 40 years - nonspecific ulcerative colitis, constantly takes salofalk 500 mg, 2 tons. * 2 r. a day, the last hospitalization for this disease - 5 years ago (AMOKB №1), blood pressure rises for many years to / mm. rt. Art, constantly takes egilok 50 mg 2 r / d, Arifon 1 t / day, chronic venous insufficiency 2 tbsp. In June 2014 - an accident, subcapsular hematoma of the spleen. Diabetes mellitus type 2. Pensioner. Has no bad habits. Tuberculosis denies viral hepatitis. Drug intolerance: denies. Epidemiological history: Contact with infectious patients denies. Everyone is healthy in the family. There were no hemotransfusions. I have not traveled outside the city of Astrakhan for the last 2 months. There were no tick or other insect bites. He drinks boiled water and milk. I did not swim in open reservoirs.

Objectively: Temperature 36.3. The condition is unsatisfactory. In consciousness, kontaktna answers questions correctly, in full, her voice is quiet, her speech is correct. The pupils are equal, they react well to light. The gait is sluggish, in the Romberg position - swaying. Correct physique, subcutaneous fat is normal. The constitution is normosthenic. The musculoskeletal system is not changed. The skin is clean, dry, pale in color with a yellowish tinge, the turgor is reduced. Peripheral l / nodes (submandibular, cervical, axillary, inguinal) are not enlarged, painless. The thyroid gland is not enlarged. The isthmus is palpated. Chest of the correct shape. Lungs: NPV - 18 per minute. With lung percussion, the sound is pulmonary, of the same sonority on both sides. Auscultatory vesicular breathing, no wheezing. The area of the heart is not changed, the boundaries of relative cardiac dullness: upper - at the level of 3 m / ribs; right - the right edge of the sternum; left - 1 cm medially from the left midclavicular line. Heart: heart rate 78 per minute. BP on the right hand 170/90 mm Hg BP on the left hand 160/90 mm Hg The heart sounds are muffled, the rhythm is correct. Tongue moist, thickly coated with white bloom. The abdomen is soft and painless on palpation. The lower edge of the liver along the edge of the right costal arch. The spleen is not enlarged. No peripheral edema. S. Pasternatsky negative on both sides. The pulsation of the vessels of the lower extremities is preserved, weakened. Urination is painless, free. The chair is intermittent, not always decorated.

Main: Anemia of mixed origin (iron, folate deficiency, against the background of systemic disease), moderate severity.

Background: Ulcerative colitis.

Concomitant: Secondary arterial hypertension 2 tbsp. Atherosclerosis of the aorta. Sideropenic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes mellitus type 2, compensated. Planned: - Carrying out antianemic, detoxification therapy,

COLONOFIBROSCOPY from 17.03.2015

I am aware of the nature of the study / a /, warned about a possible biopsy / a /. Consent received.

Bookmark: Chronic external and internal hemorrhoids without visible exacerbation. The tone of the anal sphincter is reduced. Catarrhal sigmoiditis? / UC? (the mucous membrane of the entire sigmoid colon is hyperemic, edematous, against the background of general hyperemia there are areas of brighter hyperemia, viscous mucus in places on the mucous membrane, the lumen of the sigmoid colon is somewhat narrowed, it is a tube, there are no folds). A separate biopsy was performed in the proximal and distal parts of the s-intestine. When performing a biopsy, the mucous membrane is unstructured, fragmented. In the proximal part of the s-intestine, at the place of transition to the descending, wide diverticulum, which is a continuation of the intestinal lumen, the mucous membrane in it is the same as in the entire sigmoid colon. Chronic hypotonic colitis / folds throughout the colon are smoothed / out of visible exacerbation. In the rectum and behind the sigmoid, up to the cecum, without inflammatory and organic changes. The result of histological examination after 7 days.

COLONOFIBROSCOPY from 03.10.2014

Aware of the nature of the research / a /. A possible biopsy was warned / a /. Consent received.

Conclusion: Erosive-catarrhal sigmoiditis / mucous membrane of the sigmoid colon throughout, around the entire perimeter, edematous, eroded,

in some areas in the form of a cobblestone pavement /. Biopsy performed. Further to the dome of the cecum and in the rectum without features. The result of histology after 7 days.

Pulses in the region of the heart

When examining the heart area, the doctor should tilt his head, and sometimes even kneel by the patient's bed, so that the examiner's eyes are at the level of the patient's chest. The patient should be slightly turned to the left side so that the pulsation is better visible.

It is important that in the anamnesis of most patients there are indications of a previous myocardial infarction, especially of repeated infarctions.

Changes in the electrocardiogram with aneurysm are characteristic of extensive transmural myocardial infarction with a deep Q or QS wave and a domed elevation of the ST interval with coronary T in the chest leads. In standard leads, a decrease in the amplitude of the R waves and deep SII-III waves are noted.

In the presence of a pronounced pulsation of the apical impulse, a task often arises in front of the doctor: an aneurysm or a hypertrophied apex of the heart pulsates. With hypertrophy of the apex muscles, changes characteristic of a levogram and a large RI tooth are found on the electrocardiogram. With an aneurysm of the anterior wall, due to the disappearance of electrically active muscle tissue and its replacement with scar tissue, a deep Q or QS appears above the pulsation site (the Ri wave is absent or sharply reduced).

According to N. A. Dolgoplosk's observations, the presence of deep QII-III coronary TII-III "giant" and high T and a decrease in the S-T interval in the chest leads is characteristic of the posterior wall aneurysm.

All changes in the electrocardiogram in most cases of aneurysms persist for a long time, in such cases they speak of “frozen electrocardiograms”.

X-ray examination rarely "opens" an aneurysm of the heart; in most cases, it only reinforces the clinical diagnosis. Fluoroscopy sometimes detects a large pulsating left ventricular aneurysm, but such aneurysms are rare. In most cases, X-ray examination reveals a protrusion of the left ventricular arch, a paradoxical pulsation of the aneurysm, which does not coincide with the pulsation of the apex. In some patients with aneurysm, we could ascertain peculiar changes in the cardiac shadow, creating the impression of a rectangular outline of the left contour of the heart. During roentgenokymography, paradoxical pulsation was noted, the teeth of the left ventricular contour became as thin as the teeth of the vessels - vascular teeth. In the presence of an apex aneurysm, it is better detected during inspiration.

In most cases, clinical, electrocardiographic and x-ray examinations (if the latter is possible) allow the recognition of a cardiac aneurysm.

Rarely, pulsation in the region of the heart can be observed without the presence of an aneurysm; This pulsation is possible, and we observed it with pronounced myocardial dystrophy, in some rare cases of myocardial infarction (OM Kjlobutin), when an extensive necrotic altered part of the myocardium that has lost its tone bulges out under the influence of a push of blood flowing into the left ventricle during diastole. The possibility of such a paradoxical pulsation of the infarction zone, studied using an electro-roentgeno-kymograph, was demonstrated by S. Dack et al and Schwedel et al.

16.Pathological pulsations in the region of the heart, epigastrium, neck.

The cardiac impulse is palpable near the sternum, in 3-4 intercostal spaces on the left, in the position of the patient lying on his back with an elevated headboard. It is associated with hypertrophy of the right ventricle (the left ventricle is pushed back by the right and does not juggle the apical impulse). Normally, no, it is difficult to determine in asthenics with wide intercostal spaces. There is no chest pulsation in healthy people. It is determined by palpation in the jugular fossa with an enlarged or elongated aorta, insufficiency of the semilunar valve of the aorta. Epigastric pulsation, with hypertrophy of the right ventricle, fluctuations in the wall of the abdominal aorta and pulsation of the liver. In case of hypertrophy of the right ventricle, under the right ventricle. xiphoid process, it becomes clearer with a deep breath. With an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta, it is detected slightly lower and directed from back to front. Pulsation of the abdominal aorta occurs in healthy people with a thin abdominal wall. Pulsation of the liver, felt in the epigastrium, is transmitted and true. Transmissive is due to contractions of the hypertrophied. right ventricle. True-u b In patients with tricuspid valve insufficiency, when there is a reverse flow of blood from the right atrium into the inferior vena cava and the veins of the liver (positive venous pulse). In this case, each contraction of the heart causes its swelling. Cat purr-trembling of the chest wall in a limited area corresponding to listening to the valve. It occurs when the blood flow through the atrioventricular and aortic openings is difficult during systole or diastole. Diastolic - at the apex of the heart with mitral stenosis simultaneously with diastolic murmur. Systolic - with mitral valve insufficiency and stenosis of the aortic opening simultaneously with systole. aortic valve insufficiency - the pulsation of the carotid arteries is sharply increased - the carotid dance. patients with right ventricular heart failure, with damage to the tricuspid valve, with compressive pericarditis, swelling of the cervical veins. Insufficiency of the tricuspid valve is manifested by a positive venous pulse (pulsation of the veins that coincides with the pulsation of the arteries), which is associated with the return flow of blood through the atrioventricular opening into the atrium and vena cava during right ventricular systole.

17. Heart percussion. Heart contours. Configuration.

Contours. The contours of relative dullness are determined in 3,4 intercostal spaces on the right, in 2,3,4,5 intercostal spaces on the left. below-pulmonary artery, at the level of 3 rib-auricle of the left atrium and a narrow stripe of the left ventricle. The anterior surface in the area of absolute dullness is formed by the right ventricle. Configuration 1. Normal 2. Mitral (left atrial hypertrophy, expansion of the pulmonary trunk, boot shape) 3.aortic (pronounced waist due to left ventricular hypertrophy and aortic enlargement) 4.trapezoidal (with diffuse myocardial lesions and pericardial effusion - a uniform increase in all sections, loss of clear separation of contours into arcs) 5.pulmonary heart (hypertrophy of the right sections) 6.cor bovinum (with thyrotoxicosis)

Ripple

Pulsation (lat. Pulsatio, from pulsus - push) is a jerky vibration of the walls of blood vessels, the heart and adjacent tissues. Distinguish between physiological and pathological pulsation. Pathological pulsation of the heart and blood vessels in the chest area, epigastric and hepatic pulsation are of diagnostic value.

Severe pulsation of the aorta can be found in the I or II intercostal space to the right of the sternum with cicatricial wrinkling of the right lung or due to a sharp expansion of the ascending part of the aorta (see Aortic aneurysm). Aortic pulsation can also be detected in the jugular fossa with sclerotic lengthening of the aorta and with expansion or aneurysm of its arch. With an aneurysm of the unnamed artery, there is a "pulsating tumor" in the region of the sternoclavicular joint. The pulsation of the pulmonary artery is determined in the second intercostal space on the left in the case of wrinkling of the left lung or with expansion of the pulmonary artery (hypertension in the pulmonary circulation).

Tumors in contact with the heart or large vessels can cause abnormal pulsation in the chest area. A sharp displacement of the heart in diseases of the respiratory system and a change in the location of the diaphragm leads, due to the displacement of the cardiac and apical impulse, to the appearance of unusual pulsation in the chest area: in the III, IV intercostal spaces on the left with significant wrinkling of the left lung and high standing of the diaphragm, in the III-V intercostal spaces behind the left midclavicular line with accumulation of liquid or gas in the right pleural cavity, on the right in the IV-V intercostal spaces along the edge of the sternum with wrinkling of the right lung, with left-sided pneumo- or hydrothorax or dextrocardia. The omission of the diaphragm in emphysema can lead to a displacement of the apical impulse down and to the right.

On the neck, arterial and venous pulsation is distinguished. Increased pulsation of the carotid arteries is observed with insufficiency of the aortic valves, aortic aneurysm, diffuse thyrotoxic goiter, and arterial hypertension. One-wave pulsation of the jugular veins in pathological conditions can be both presystolic and systolic (positive venous pulse). The exact nature of the pathological pulsation of the veins is determined on the phlebogram (see). On examination, one can usually see a pronounced pulsation in the form of one wave, less often two, after atrial contraction (presystolic) or synchronously with ventricular systole (systolic). The most characteristic is systolic pulsation of the jugular veins with simultaneous systolic pulsation of an enlarged liver with tricuspid valve insufficiency. Presystolic pulsation occurs with complete heart block, stenosis of the right venous opening, sometimes with atrioventricular rhythm and paroxysmal tachycardia.

Epigastric pulsation can be caused by contractions of the heart, abdominal aorta, and liver. Pulsation of the heart in this area is visible with a low standing of the diaphragm and a significant increase in the right heart. Pulsation of the abdominal aorta can be seen in healthy, thin people with a flaccid abdominal wall; more often, however, it occurs in the presence of abdominal tumors in contact with the abdominal aorta, and sclerosis or aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. Hepatic pulsation is better defined by palpation of the right lobe of the liver. True pulsation of the liver is extensive in nature and is manifested by a rhythmic increase and decrease in the volume of the liver due to the changing filling of its vessels with blood (see. Heart defects). The pulsation of the liver visible to the eye is determined with hemangioma.

Pathological pulsation of the arteries is observed with the compaction of the walls of blood vessels and increased cardiac activity in various pathological conditions of the body.

Graphical recording of pulsation using multichannel devices allows you to more accurately determine its nature.

Pulses in the region of the heart

PULSATION (lat. pulsatio) - jerky movements of the walls of the heart and blood vessels, as well as transfer displacements of the soft tissues adjacent to the heart and blood vessels, resulting from the contractions of the heart.

P. hearts study multilaterally.

Presses in the region of the heart: what can such a symptom indicate?

IT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW! Heart and headaches, pressure surges are symptoms of an early onset. Add to your diet.

Pressing pain in the heart is a dangerous symptom that scares a person and always takes him by surprise. The first thing that comes to mind is thoughts of sudden death. The intensity of the pressure can be weak, but sometimes the heart squeezes so much that a person is forced to hold his breath and wait until he lets go.

Patients describe pressing pain in different ways. Some say that suddenly during physical work or active sports, it feels like the heart is being squeezed into a vise or a fist. Other people feel like an elephant is sitting on their chest.

Causes of pressing chest pain, not related to heart ailments

There are a number of diseases in which there is pressure in the area of the heart. And these ailments are not necessarily cardiological. This type of pain can be a symptom of gastrointestinal diseases, problems with the spine, pulmonary diseases, problems with the nervous system.

Cardioneurosis. With cardioneurosis, severe compressive chest pains are similar to angina pectoris. However, the disease is provoked by problems with the central nervous system, therefore, no changes occur in the heart muscle. Pressing pains are given to the scapula, lower jaw, they are permanent, but are not stopped with the help of nitroglycerin. Sedatives and the elimination of factors provoking a stressful state help.
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Pain in the region of the heart, having a pressing character, accompanied by heartburn, is a symptom of such unpleasant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract as stomach ulcers and esophagitis. In this case, painful sensations are more often manifested in the supine position or when bending forward.
Pleurisy. If the feeling of squeezing the heart appears when inhaling and during coughing, chills, increased sweating, general malaise join it, then we are talking about pleurisy.
Intervertebral hernia. If it presses in the region of the heart and it is difficult to breathe, this may indicate a herniated disc. Patients often confuse such heart pain with angina pectoris. But with an intervertebral hernia, due to pinching of the nerve roots between the vertebrae, a person has weakness in the muscles of the arms, numbness in the chest and a feeling of creeping creeps on the back.
Intercostal neuralgia. The disease is manifested by pressing pains in the chest and between the ribs of a paroxysmal or permanent nature. A distinctive feature of neuralgia is that the pain spreads from the spine to the entire space of the anterior chest. Aggravated by sneezing, coughing, trying to touch the chest or ribs.
Cervicothoracic osteochondrosis. In this case, the pain is described as pressing and constricting, as if the ribs are pressing on the heart. Increased chest discomfort when trying to tilt or turn your head. In addition, there is limited neck movement, dizziness, flies before the eyes, pain in the neck and back of the head.
Pulmonary embolism. As a result of blockage of the pulmonary artery by a thrombus, a person feels that he is pressing hard in the region of the heart and it is difficult to breathe, since oxygen cannot be transported to tissues and organs. In addition to pressing pains, a person experiences weakness, the pressure decreases, the pulse is weakly palpable. The situation requires immediate hospitalization of the person, otherwise death may occur.
Cerebral atherosclerosis. This is a blockage of cerebral vessels with atherosclerotic plaques. Pressing chest pain is accompanied by tinnitus, tachycardia or bradycardia, increased blood pressure.
Acute gastritis. With gastritis, pressing pain in the heart is complemented by stomach colic, worsening of the general condition, and a feeling of fullness in the stomach.

Pressing pain indicating cardiac problems

There are many heart conditions that cause pressing chest pain.

The following table describes the most common ones.

PULSATION, pulsations, pl. no, wives. Action according to ch. pulsate. Heartbeat. Ripple current. || The presence of a pulse. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

PULSATION- (Wed century lat., from pulsus pulse). Beating of pulse, heart, arteries, pulse beats. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov AN, 1910. PULSATION heartbeat, ie alternate contraction and expansion of the heart and blood vessels; ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

ripple- and, w. pulsation f. , lat. pulsatio pushing. 1. Repetitive beating (heart, artery), rhythmic movement (blood); heartbeat. ALS 1. The number of pulsations is not the same in different birds. Turov The life of birds. || Feeling of beating, twitching in the patient, ... ... Historical Dictionary of Russian Gallicisms

Ripple- I Pulsation (lat. Pulsatio beating, blows) jerky movements of the walls of the heart and blood vessels, as well as transfer displacements of the soft tissues adjacent to the heart and blood vessels, resulting from the contractions of the heart. The concept of "ripple" is more ... ... Medical encyclopedia

atrial pulsation- (p. praecardialis; syn. P. precardial) P. of the anterior chest wall in the zone of projection of the heart on it, arising from aneurysm of the heart ... Comprehensive Medical Dictionary

Ripple- (pulsatio heartbeat) - rhythmic changes in the volume of the heart, blood vessels, vibrations of adjacent tissues ... Glossary of terms on the physiology of farm animals

ripple- (pulsatio; lat. pushing, blows) rhythmic change in the volume of the heart or blood vessels or the associated oscillatory movement of adjacent tissues; in some pathological conditions, characteristic types of P ... Comprehensive Medical Dictionary

liver pulsation true- (p. hepatis vera; synonym: hepatic expansionary pulse, P. of the liver is venous) P. of the liver, caused by the return of part of the blood from the right ventricle of the heart into the vena cava or by an obstacle to the outflow from them; observed with vices ... ... Comprehensive Medical Dictionary

pulsation of the liver is false- (p. hepatis spuria; syn.: hepatic pulsating pulse, liver transmission) P. of the liver, caused by the spread of pulsations of a hypertrophied heart or pulsations of the aorta to it through adjacent tissues ... Comprehensive Medical Dictionary

Ripple- well. 1. Repetitive beating (heart, artery), rhythmic movement (blood); heartbeat. Ott. Feeling of throbbing, twitching in the diseased, affected part of the body. 2. Rhythmic change of something (size, shape, speed, pressure, etc.). Sensible ... ... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova

HEART DISEASES- Aconite, 3x, 3 and bvr exacerbation of rheumatic heart disease with valvular heart disease. Stitching pains in the chest, radiating to the left shoulder. Palpitations with exhaustion. Pulse full, hard, tense, jumping, intermittent. A state of fear, ... ... A guide to homeopathy

Heart rate indicators

Rapid pulse: causes

When is a fast heart rate normal?

Tachycardia

Rapid pulse with normal blood pressure

Heart palpitations treatment

Folk remedies in the fight against a rapid heart rate

Causes of pain in the heart

What does the nature of the pain indicate?

Squeezing

Oppressive

Stabbing

Aching

Sharp

What to do with heart pain?

First aid

Pharmacy preparations

Folk remedies

Valerian, hawthorn and motherwort

Motherwort, hawthorn and rose hips

Pumpkin juice and honey

Can I drink coffee when my heart hurts?

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Pulses in the region of the heart

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