What to do for abdominal ultrasound. Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity: preparation for the study of adults and children. Taking medication for an abdominal ultrasound

Pathologies of the abdominal organs have a similar clinical picture, given that it is not easy to make a correct diagnosis. It does not sufficiently clarify the situation and the anamnesis of data collected by the doctor during the conversation and examination of the patient. Despite the similar manifestation of symptoms in diseases of different organs of the abdominal cavity, the treatment regimen in a particular case will vary. Clarification of the health situation helps the instrumental method of research - ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity (ultrasound).

An enlarged abdominal aortic aneurysm causes sudden pain in the lower abdomen.

The diagnostic method is an ultrasonic wave generator that is sent through the organs under study. An ultrasonic wave is reflected from tissue structures and is perceived by a sensor that converts sound energy into light energy - displays an image of the obtained studies on a computer monitor. The procedure does not involve invasion and is absolutely painless for the patient. The guided sound has a high frequency: from 2.5 to 3.5 million Hz. Thanks to this physical parameter of the device, it is possible to accurately identify the volume of the structure under study, its localization and existing anatomical disorders. But preparation for ultrasound of the abdominal cavity is carried out long before the start of the procedure.

At home, for a reliable result on the state of the abdominal organs and the space behind the peritoneum, the intestines should be cleaned. The procedure is performed in the evening, no later than 18.00 of the day preceding the procedure. An enema for cleansing the intestines is filled with 1.5 liters of water heated to room temperature. It is not recommended to fill too warm and cold water into an enema.

A cleansing enema is needed for patients with frequent constipation.

In the absence of an enema or a categorical refusal to cleanse the intestines in this way, an alternative variant of medical cleansing is used. For this purpose, preparations "Mezim" or "Festal", which accelerate the digestive process, are suitable. It is advisable to cleanse the intestines from the resulting gases with Smecta powder or Espumizan (Enterosgel) preparations.

With frequent constipation, it is recommended either to take a drug based on Senade plant extracts, or to insert anal suppositories with bisacodyl. Activated charcoal is also effective in this case, but modern pharmaceuticals have more effective drugs.

If the procedure is scheduled for 9 am, from 7 am you can not use chewing gum, sucking lollipops, and smoke. Sometimes the procedure is performed not in the morning, but in the afternoon. In this case, you can make a light breakfast in the morning.

The patient should inform the doctor about the drugs taken if their intake cannot be temporarily limited. It is not recommended to use antispasmodics and analgesics before the diagnostic procedure.

Preparation for ultrasound in the hospital and immediately before the procedure

The doctor of functional diagnostics, immediately before the procedure, should be aware of the existing diseases of any functional system of the body. Additionally, it is necessary to stipulate the intake of medications, including those used in the treatment of the digestive system.

The diagnostician should be informed about the time of other diagnostic procedures that affect the results of ultrasound diagnostics. During endoscopic examinations of different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, a sufficient amount of air penetrates into them, which is an obstacle to the propagation of ultrasonic waves. Preparation for abdominal ultrasound should not begin earlier than 2 days after endoscopic examination. The same or even longer break will have to be done after studies with the introduction of contrast agents (gastrophagy, barium enema, computed or magnetic resonance imaging using contrast agents). Shown on a computer monitor, contrast agents mislead the diagnostician and lubricate the reliability of the observations.

If endoscopy or radiography with contrast agents is prescribed together with an abdominal ultrasound, then the ultrasound examination precedes the rest of the procedures.

What actions distort the results of ultrasound?

The following factors should be excluded during the period of preparation for ultrasound of the abdominal region, otherwise the diagnostic results will be distorted.

What to bring with you to the procedure?

Depending on the form of ownership of the clinic (state or private), a different set of things will be required for the procedure. In a paid clinic, shoe covers or a diaper (sheet) will not be required, since their use is included in the cost of paying for the procedure. The state (municipal, regional) medical institution requires:

a set of documents (a referral for an ultrasound scan from a doctor, a coupon from the registry, a medical policy, a passport, the results of a previous ultrasound examination);
wet wipes needed to remove the gel after the procedure. A special gel is used to better contact the sensor with the body surface. The gel leaves a slight sticky feeling on the body, although it does not leave marks on clothes;
diaper or sheet. A medical center not equipped with cloth coverings for couches will take the patient by surprise, taking care of personal hygiene of the body;
shoe covers or replacement shoes. At the present stage of development of the clinic, it is proposed to put on shoe covers on a bare foot or shoes in which the patient entered the clinic. Less often, the rules of the clinic are to wear replacement shoes for the procedure.

What can you eat before gastroscopy?

The composition of the diet before ultrasound of the abdominal region should be taken into account not on the previous day, but 2 or 3 days before the appointed diagnosis. The purpose of the three-day diet before the examination is to eliminate gas formation and cleanse the gastrointestinal tract of toxins. From the proposed products in home or public catering, it is recommended to reject high-calorie, indigestible and gas-stimulating dishes.

This list should include:

alcoholic drinks;
natural juices, compotes, drinks with gases. It is necessary to absorb permitted drinks without a tube to prevent air from entering the digestive tract;
seeds of leguminous plants (peas, beans, peanuts, beans, lentils, etc.);
any vegetables and fruits;
fish of high and medium fat content;
meat dishes with a high and medium amount of fat;
dairy products, whole milk;
sweet and flour products (cakes, pastries, sweets, soft, especially black bread, buns, pies, etc.);
coffee, strong tea.

Since the scheduled examination is carried out on an empty stomach, at least 8 hours must have passed since the last examination. Breakfast (if the examination is carried out in the afternoon) or dinner should be light. During the 3 previous days of the procedure, you should eat using the list of allowed foods:

lean meat (lean veal, rabbit, chicken, turkey);
low-fat fish (hake, pike perch, pike, river perch, flounder, cod);
low-fat and hard cheeses;
cereals on the water (barley, rice, oatmeal, buckwheat, millet, wheat, barley);
no more than 1 boiled egg per day;
boiled potatoes, carrots and beets in the absence of an individual tendency to gas formation when using these products.

Significant in preparation for ultrasound of the abdominal region is not only the qualitative chemical composition of products, but also the technology of their preparation. It is advisable to cook the listed list of products for a couple, boil in water. It is not allowed to cook frying, baking, pickling, smoking, adding spices, seasonings, spicy foods. They eat little during these 3 days, but often, every 3-3.5 hours. In the morning examination before bedtime, it is advisable to take the last meal 4 hours in advance.

Why cleanse the intestines before the procedure?

The preparations described above, suppositories and herbal preparations are used for constipation, profuse gas formation. If the patient has regular, normal stools, additional methods of bowel cleansing can be omitted.

The nuances of preparing for ultrasound of children and adults

Although ultrasonography for young children is not a very common procedure, infants sometimes show symptoms that require diagnosis during an ultrasound examination. To prepare a child under the age of 1 year for the procedure, you need to plan, taking into account the following nuances:

preparation for the ultrasound of the baby is organized so that the interval between ultrasound and feeding is 3 hours;
for toddlers, the interval between eating and examination is at least 4 hours;
children of preschool age and older should follow almost the same diet as adults, with the difference that the last meal before ultrasound should not be less than 6 hours.

Children of all ages should not be given water one hour before the examination.

Algorithm for preparing for ultrasound of the abdominal region

Observing the following algorithm for preparing for an ultrasound examination of the abdominal region, you can expect that the diagnostic results will be accurate and it will not be difficult for the doctor to correctly differentiate the diagnosis.

3 days before the scheduled examination, they follow a special diet that excludes gas formation.
It is necessary to clean the intestines from toxins and gases with the help of an enema and medications.
At home, documents and necessary things are collected in advance.
Observe the rules of drinking and food regimen.

This procedure is a rather informative method, and is used to diagnose many diseases of the digestive system, hematopoiesis, etc. The technique of this procedure itself is simple, but in order to obtain the most correct results, it is necessary to adhere to certain preparation rules.

As mentioned above, the implementation of the ultrasound diagnostic procedure requires compliance with certain conditions, among which are:

Compliance with the order of assigned studies that are aimed at diagnosing diseases of the abdominal organs.
Preliminary observance of the appropriate diet and fluid intake.
Timely informing the attending physician about the intake of any groups of drugs, and the presence of bad habits.

There are also some factors that can significantly affect the results of an ultrasound examination. These factors include:

An endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract carried out the day before. In this case, the distortion of the ultrasound results may occur as a result of smooth muscle spasm.
Increased gas formation in the intestines.
Preliminary x-ray examination with the use of a contrast agent.
Increased body weight, which can prevent deeper penetration of ultrasonic waves.
Increased nervous excitability (children).
The presence of a skin defect (scar) at the site of installation of the ultrasonic sensor.

Study preparation

In the absence of all of the above factors, you can proceed to direct preparation for an ultrasound examination.

Diet

The first and most important condition for preliminary preparation is the observance of a special diet, which is prescribed 3-4 days before the examination of the abdominal organs. The main purpose of this diet is to prevent excessive gas formation in the large intestine. The next goal is to maximize the removal of toxins, and the normalization of the motor function of the intestine.

Prohibited foods before an ultrasound scan include:

Vegetable crops with a high fiber content (peas, beans, lentils, soybeans);
Rye bread;
Drinks containing carbon dioxide;
Dairy and sour-milk products;
Flour products, sweets, as well as fresh pastries;
Vegetables and fruits that have not undergone heat treatment;
Varieties of fish and meat with a high fat content;
Caffeinated drinks (black tea, coffee);
Alcoholic drinks.

Carrying out this type of diagnosis is permissible only on an empty stomach. The last meal should be taken in the evening, the day before the procedure. If the procedure is scheduled for the afternoon, then in the morning we will allow a light breakfast.

A special diet before diagnosis may include a list of the following products:

defatted meat varieties;
fat-free fish varieties in boiled and baked form;
cereals (buckwheat, rice, oatmeal, barley, barley);
hard cheese, cheese.

In addition to the list of recommended food products, patients are recommended to establish a special regimen for the frequency of food intake and its dosing. It is necessary to eat fractionally, in small portions, every 3-4 hours. Drinking liquid after eating is recommended after 15-20 minutes.

As drinks, it is permissible to use sweet weak black tea, and water without gas. A special drinking regimen involves daily fluid intake in the amount of 1.5-2 liters.

Diet for children

The preparation of children is somewhat different from the preparation of adults. Some features should be highlighted in children of different ages:

In children from 1 to 3 years old, the last meal before the procedure should be at least 4 hours before. Fluid intake should stop 1 hour before the procedure.
Children under 1 year of age only need to skip one feeding before the procedure. This period corresponds to 2-4 hours before the examination. It is necessary to give the child liquid at least 1 hour before the diagnosis.
Babies over 3 years of age should observe a fasting regimen before an ultrasound examination from 5 to 7 hours. Fluid intake is allowed one hour before the procedure.

Use of medicines

The stage of preparation for this type of study includes the mandatory use of special groups of drugs, among which are:

Medicines that affect the process of gas formation in the intestines. The most popular drugs in this group is "Espumizan", which effectively eliminates the phenomenon of flatulence. In pediatric practice, drugs such as Infacol and Kuplaton are used.
In the absence of the necessary effect from the above drugs, the use of intestinal sorbents is acceptable. The most effective are the preparations "White coal", activated carbon and "Smekta". To achieve the desired effect, it is enough to use one of the above sorbents the day before the study (in the evening). The use of activated charcoal is only allowed in adult practice.
To improve the digestion of food residues and prevent fermentation processes, it is possible to use digestive enzymes, such as Mezim and Festal. The use of these funds is prohibited for people with pancreatic pathology, as well as for children.

The drug "Espumizan" should be taken 2 capsules 3 times a day, the day before the scheduled study. On the day of the procedure, you must first (in the morning) drink 2 capsules of the drug.

Pre-colon cleansing

To obtain the highest quality results, it is important to take care of the preliminary cleansing of the intestinal lumen from toxins and food debris. The cleansing procedure is carried out in the afternoon (15-18 hours) on the eve of the day of the study.

In order to cleanse the intestinal lumen, a special enema is used, the volume of which is 1.5 liters. The water used for enema must be boiled and at room temperature, as warm water will be absorbed in the intestine along with intestinal toxins.

In the presence of certain contraindications to an enema, there is an equivalent alternative - laxatives that allow you to clear the lumen of the large intestine. The list of used laxatives includes:

The drug "Microlax" in the form of microclysters.
Herbal preparation "Senade". It contains an extract of the leaves of the Senna herb, which has a pronounced laxative effect. The recommended dosage is 1 tablet the night before.
The drug "Fortrans". Recommended for use by persons over 14 years of age. The dosage of one sachet is calculated for 20 kg of weight. If the patient's weight is 60 kg, then the recommended dosage is 3 sachets.

Any preparatory measures must be agreed with the attending physician and the diagnostician.

Ultrasound examination is a modern and informative method for diagnosing internal organs located in the abdominal cavity. This study visualizes a picture of the state of internal organs and is sometimes a decisive argument for choosing a method of treating a disease.

Indications for the procedure

Ultrasound of the abdominal organs is done both in adults and in newborns, if there are indications for this study. Let's list the most frequent complaints of patients that require ultrasound of the OBP to specify the diagnosis:

any painful manifestations felt by the patient in the upper part of the abdominal cavity;
increased gas formation;
feeling of nausea and heaviness in the right hypochondrium;
swollen lymph nodes;
feeling of bitterness in the mouth;
sharp pains in the lower abdomen, giving symptoms similar to appendicitis.

In addition to patient complaints, doctors conduct an ultrasound examination and, if a specific disease is suspected, they also conduct a comprehensive examination of the patient with ultrasound. The device helps to “look” at the organs of the cavity in the following diseases:

biliary dyskinesia;
entry of a foreign body into the gastrointestinal tract;
hepatitis;
vascular pathologies of organs;
diseases of the spleen;
cholelithiasis;
pancreatitis;
aortic aneurysm;
trauma;
pathology of the genitourinary system;
diagnosis of neoplasms, cysts, abscesses, hemangiomas;
abnormal sizes of internal organs;
kidney disease;
cholecystitis.

Also, ultrasound of the abdominal organs is carried out as a monitoring of pregnancy in women (establishing the fact of pregnancy, monitoring the development of the fetus, determining sexual characteristics, etc.), if necessary, to control the stages of treatment of diseases of the abdominal organs, for the purpose of prevention.

Why is preparation necessary for an abdominal ultrasound?

A qualitative examination of the internal organs of the abdominal cavity depends on many factors. And even if a specialist in the field of diagnostics has many years of experience, and the most expensive device is in the office, this does not mean that the correct picture of the patient's health will be obtained. Screening largely depends on the patient himself and his preparation for the study. Therefore, when asked why to prepare for an ultrasound of the abdominal organs, each patient must clearly understand - for a high-quality display of the picture on the monitor. And this, above all, in his interests. Otherwise, without proper preparation, ultrasound can lead to such undesirable results as a distortion of the picture. This is affected by muscle spasm, accumulation of gases, remnants of a contrast agent, excessive body weight, movements during the study.

In order for the study to give the right data, you need to properly prepare for it. Adult patients quite consciously approach the preparation process, but the child must be monitored, constantly reminding that you can’t eat before an abdominal ultrasound and you need to drink water. When carrying out the procedure in newborns, control over the preparation rests with the parents.

To prevent ultrasound from becoming a waste of time and money, doctors recommend seriously preparing for the study. You can start this three days before the appointed date of coming to the doctor, but not later. Doctors with experience in conducting ultrasound say that you can prepare for 5-7 days - this will only improve the visualization of the abdominal organs. With proper nutrition, the sensor will be able to pick up waves that correctly pass through the organs. If there is an accumulation of gases in the intestine, then this distorts the picture and the color scheme of the organ on the monitor may not correspond to reality. For example, normally all organs have a gray color of varying intensity, and pathologies lead to the appearance of areas of white or black. Changing the wavelength due to the accumulation of gases will just lead to incorrect visualization of the organ on the monitor.

Allowed products before the study

Preparation for an abdominal ultrasound does not mean at all that the patient must suffer and change his gastronomic habits for several days. However, some dietary adjustments are still needed. The diet for preparing for an ultrasound allows you to eat the following foods:

lean boiled meat (chicken, beef, quail);
lean fish baked in the oven or steamed;
one egg a day;
low-fat hard cheese;
barley porridge, oatmeal, buckwheat.

Doctors warn that you can eat before an ultrasound of the abdominal cavity, and recommend eating in small portions, but often, about every three hours, in order to prevent increased gas formation. This will give the body the opportunity to qualitatively digest food and absorb in time those natural gases that will be formed in a minimal amount during the digestion of food.

Prohibited Products

legumes;
rye flour bread;
dairy products, sour milk;
carbonated drinks;
sweets, pastries;
fatty meats and fish;
coffee and strong tea;
raw vegetables and fruits.

After reviewing this list, patients should not be upset - the diet is recommended for only three days, after which you can eat your usual food again.

Preparations-assistants in carrying out ultrasound

If a person for some reason did not follow the recommended diet, ate prohibited foods, or has individual characteristics, the doctor may prescribe special drugs. Taking these medicines will help eliminate increased gas formation. They are prescribed for both adults and children, but for newborns there is a list of recommended medicines. Espumizan is a universal remedy before ultrasound of OBP. It is not dangerous for either a child or an adult. Espumizan is prescribed three days before the study at the usual dosage for the patient. If there is no effect, you can use sorbents - Smecta, activated carbon or white coal. These drugs should be taken the night before the procedure, as well as 3-4 hours immediately before the procedure.

Adults can take remedies such as Festal or Mezim. They facilitate digestion and help eliminate bloating. These medicines can be drunk two days before the study three times a day.

Enema before ultrasound: pros and cons

Doctors insist that the gastrointestinal tract should be as prepared as possible for the procedure. Therefore, a cleansing enema should be administered in cases where it will improve the visualization of the cavity. For example, if a person is prone to flatulence, or has a disease that provokes flatulence, then an enema must be placed before the study in order to remove gases from the intestines as much as possible, otherwise the result will be unreliable. An enema is also done for constipation, but this procedure is usually performed a couple of days before the study.

Laxatives that do not contain lactulose can become an alternative to enemas. These drugs include Fortrans, Microlax, Senade.

What can distort the results of ultrasound

A proper diet is not yet a guarantee that an abdominal ultrasound will provide reliable data. The following significant factors may influence the results:

the presence of gases in the digestive tract;
barium residues after previous diagnostic measures;
alcohol consumption;
smoking;
skin scars at the sensor installation site;
thick fatty layer;
some medications;
extra movements during the study.

Usually the doctor warns the patient about these points. Therefore, when preparing for the procedure, he must take into account the fulfillment of all the conditions for screening, so that there are no problems with the interpretation of the results.

Fluid before ultrasound

Patients are often tormented by the question of whether it is possible to drink water before an abdominal ultrasound in the recommended amount - 1.5-2 liters per day. Will this affect the results of the study? Doctors give a clear and unequivocal answer - drinking water is not only possible, but also necessary, since water is the basis for all chemical processes in the body, including digestion. Therefore, changing your good habit - drinking at least 1.5 liters of water a day - is by no means worth it.

As for alcohol, it should be separately noted here that alcohol is strictly prohibited before the procedure. And the point here is not the general harm of alcohol on the body. Alcohol primarily affects the digestive system, and only then is absorbed into the bloodstream. Alcohol will also have a negative effect on the vessels located in the abdominal cavity. Being in the stomach, alcohol causes a protective reaction of the organ in the form of increased production of thick gastric juice, which prevents the negative effect of alcohol on the mucous membrane of the organ. Because of this, digestion is disturbed, so even an ideally observed diet before an ultrasound scan is reduced to nothing by drinking alcohol. As a result of alcohol consumption in a person, the visualization of organs can be distorted, which will lead to an incorrect diagnosis and the appointment of an incorrect treatment.

How an ultrasound is performed and what you need to bring with you to the examination

Direct preparation for ultrasound of the abdominal organs includes fasting for 8-12 hours before the procedure. It is better to have dinner lightly so that in the morning there are no painful sensations. You can’t eat anything in the morning - the study is carried out on an empty stomach. Moreover, this strict rule must be observed by children. Even newborns are examined on an empty stomach, only for them a break in food should be about 4 hours.

If screening of the kidneys and urinary tract is performed, then an hour before the examination, the patient will be asked to drink about a liter of water so that a full bladder can be visualized.

On the day of the examination, the patient needs to be calm and not focus on unnecessary things. You can not smoke, and the issue of taking certain drugs should be agreed with the doctor in advance. Since the test is performed on an empty stomach, you can take a sandwich with you to have a snack after the procedure.

The study is carried out entirely by the clinic where the patient applies. Therefore, the patient is provided with all the necessary little things that may be needed - a disposable hygienic diaper and wet wipes to remove the remnants of the gel from the skin. The only way the patient prepares is to put on comfortable clothes that do not tighten the stomach. If you come to the procedure in jeans, then the tight belt of your trousers can provoke the accumulation of gases and the study will be postponed.

Before doing an ultrasound of the abdominal cavity, the doctor will conduct a small survey to find out what points may interfere with the procedure. If the diet is observed and the intestines are cleared, then the doctor proceeds to the study. Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity lasts up to an hour, and with a targeted study, it can pass faster. Using the sensor, the doctor picks up the signals reflected from the internal organs and displays them on the monitor screen. Screening allows you to determine the size of organs, to see their structure. All data are carefully recorded, after which the patient is given a conclusion with the results of the study.

If the preparation for ultrasound of the abdominal organs was performed correctly, then the study will show reliable results. This means that the doctor will be able to diagnose and begin effective treatment of the patient. Thanks to such early diagnosis, many patients managed to avoid surgery.

Ultrasound examination of internal organs is a widely used diagnostic method that provides maximum information about the state of the area being examined. All tissues of the body have the ability to reflect ultrasound well, which makes it possible to scan. At this time, the doctor determines the size, thickness, the presence of neoplasms, inflammatory processes, injuries. Important for the ultrasound of the internal organs is the preparation, which varies from the organ under study.

Fundamentals of preparation

Preparation for ultrasound of the internal organs has general simple recommendations. First of all, before sending for diagnostics, it is important to take the results of the analyzes, the previous ultrasound examination. You also need to think about clothing that is comfortable for the procedure, so that it does not hamper the actions of the doctor and is comfortable for the patient. With advance preparation for ultrasound of internal organs, one must responsibly approach the recommendations of a specialist.

No preliminary preparatory measures are required when examining the brain, thyroid gland, and hip joints.

The diagnostic result is influenced by increased gas formation, the presence of excess weight, wounds on the skin of the area under study. The most thorough preparation occurs during the passage of an ultrasound of the intestine. If the patient has a predisposition to flatulence, then special dietary nutrition is required for several days. In addition, you should drink activated charcoal before the procedure, at the rate of 1 tab. per 10 kg of patient weight or Espumizan.

Abdominal organs

A large role is given to preparatory activities during the study of the OBP. It differs somewhat for diagnosing adults and children.

For adults

Ultrasound examination of the liver, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder in adults should be carried out taking into account the following recommendations:

You need to come to the test on an empty stomach. If the procedure is scheduled for the morning, then the last meal should be at 7 pm. Also, don't drink water in the morning. When the procedure is scheduled for the day, then before it you need not eat for 5 hours;
within 3 days you need to adhere to a diet that excludes increased gas formation. To do this, you should avoid eating raw vegetables, fruits, dairy products, legumes, fresh pastries, carbonated drinks;
diet food can be combined with enterosorbents;
if a person has concomitant diseases, dietary nutrition must be combined with the recommended intake of medicines. Such pathologies include diabetes mellitus, cardiac ischemia;
before the diagnosis, you must completely abandon alcoholic beverages. On the day of the study, it is forbidden to smoke, use chewing gum. Since these actions call for an involuntary contraction of the gallbladder, leading to inaccurate results.

Preparation rules are usually standard for all patients

For kids

Many parents are interested in the question of how to prepare for an ultrasound scan for children. Young children will not be able to adhere to such serious restrictions during preparatory activities. The baby does not need to change the feeding regimen. The time of the procedure should be chosen so that the last feeding is at least 2.5 hours before the procedure.

If babies are bottle-fed, then this time period should be at least 3.5 hours, since it takes more time to digest the formula. Foods based on fruits or vegetables also take a long time to digest. Therefore, it must be abandoned. When a child does not tolerate hunger, then before the diagnosis, he can be given water devoid of sugar. Tea, juice to drink is not recommended. Since they cause a contraction of the gallbladder, they distort the results of the examination.

urinary tract

Ultrasound of the urinary tract requires the same preparatory measures as the study of OBP. Often, at the same time, the condition for filling the bladder is put forward. To achieve it, you need to drink 1 liter of liquid half an hour before the procedure. If diagnostics are carried out for children of the first 3 years of life, then it is better to do it 3 hours after eating. Research in the kidneys, adrenal glands is performed on an empty stomach. For three days before the procedure, you need to maintain a slag-free diet that excludes the use of a diet of animal origin.

Pelvic organs

Often, an ultrasound examination is prescribed to assess the condition of the pelvic tissues.

Adults

In women, this study is used to control the bladder, appendages, uterus. It, for best results, should be carried out between the 6-9th day of the menstrual cycle. Examination of women is carried out in two ways:

Tansabdominal. This method requires prior filling of the bladder.
Transvaginal. The examination is carried out with a completely empty bladder.

OMT examination in men evaluates the condition of the bladder, prostate gland. Produced as follows:

Transrectal. This method involves a preliminary cleansing enema.
Transabdominal. Requires prior fullness of the bladder.

The study of the kidneys is performed first lying on your back, then on your stomach, on your side

children

Often performed on children. Diagnosis of the bladder is made with a filled organ. Younger children will be enough to drink a glass of fresh water, devoid of gas. Older children need to drink 800 ml of liquid. If it is difficult for a child to drink this volume at a time, then the recommended amount of liquid can be consumed over an hour in small sips. The kid before the study should feel the desire to go to the toilet.

A baby does not need to comply with the drinking regimen. It is recommended to breastfeed or give some water 20 minutes before the procedure.

Milk glands

Ultrasound of the internal organs includes an examination of the mammary glands. Preparation for this procedure is based on the diagnosis between the 7th-13th day of the menstrual cycle. At any time, research is allowed for women who are in the menopause period. Ultrasound of the mammary glands is informative for women under the age of 40. In the older age period, a mammogram is recommended. In an ultrasound examination of internal organs, it is important to properly prepare for the procedure. Thus, you can get the maximum information necessary for the diagnosis.

To prevent air in the intestinal loops from interfering with ultrasound scanning, preparation is carried out before ultrasound of the abdominal organs.

For 3 days before ultrasound, you need to follow a diet that will reduce gas formation in the intestines.

Kit allowed products before abdominal ultrasound:

cereal cereals: buckwheat, oats on the water, barley, flaxseed,
poultry meat or beef,
lean fish - steamed, baked or boiled,
1 soft-boiled egg a day
low fat cheese.

Food should be fractional, 4-5 times a day every 3-4 hours. Liquid intake (water, weak tea) is about 1.5 liters per day.

The last meal is in the evening (light dinner).

Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity can be performed both in the morning (on an empty stomach) and after 15 hours. If the study is carried out after 15 hours, you can have breakfast at 8-11 am, after which you can not eat food and water.

From the diet you need exclude foods that increase gas formation in the intestines:

raw vegetables and fruits,
legumes (peas, beans),
bread and pastries (cookies, cakes, buns, pies),
milk and dairy products,
fatty fish and meats,
sweets (candy, sugar),
strong coffee and juices,
carbonated drinks,
alcohol.

If necessary, prescribe medication, improving digestion (festal or mezim 3 times a day, 1 tab. after eating) and reducing flatulence (smecta, enterosgel or simethicone). Previously used Activated carbon now considered an obsolete drug (read more).

With a tendency to constipation on the eve of the morning examination at 16 o'clock, take a herbal laxative inside (senade) or insert a suppository with bisacodyl into the rectum (depending on tolerance).

For persistent constipation with ineffective laxatives, it is recommended cleansing enema on the eve of the study (no later than 12 hours before the ultrasound). Take 2 hours before the examination smectu 1 sachet or simethicone(depending on portability).

To prepare for ultrasound of the abdominal organs 1 day before the study - 2 capsules of simethicone or 2 teaspoons of its emulsion 3 times a day and on the day of the study in the morning - 2 capsules or 2 teaspoons of the emulsion. Generics of simethicone - disflatil, meteospasmil, espumizan.

It is not recommended to perform abdominal ultrasound immediately after X-ray contrast examination of the gastrointestinal tract (for example, after irrigoscopy, gastrography), as well as after endoscopic examination (EGD, colonoscopy). If such studies were carried out, it is necessary to notify the doctor of ultrasound diagnostics about them.

If the patient regularly takes medications, it is not possible to cancel treatment due to ultrasound, but the doctor should be informed about the medications taken. It is not recommended to take antispasmodics before the study.

Features of preparation for ultrasound of the abdominal cavity in children:

children under 1 year old - if possible, skip one feeding, you can come before the next feeding (i.e. do not feed for 2-4 hours); do not drink 1 hour before the study.
children from 1 to 3 years old - do not eat for 4 hours; do not drink 1 hour before the study.
children over 3 years old - do not eat at least 6-8 hours; do not drink 1 hour before the study.

It is advisable to bring the results of previous ultrasound examinations, if any, to the ultrasound. This will help the doctor evaluate the dynamics of changes.