Types of numbers What kind of number is pursued by Ari? Metics in our schools? Obviously, she wants to teach how to do and solve practical problems. But this goal was not always the same, because in different directions and with different scientific systems, it either narrowed, then expanded, then

MARCH SPECIES March 15, 44 BC NS. in the theater of Pompey, before the meeting of the Senate, Gaius Julius Caesar was killed. He and Napoleon - two symbols of political and military greatness that have excited the best minds of the last two centuries; and if the ardent youth sympathizes more

ABOUT DIASPORA AND SKINHEADS 23.11.2007After reading the notes about good people and the answers to them, I thought for a while. Exactly one thought was the result of lengthy thoughts. How badly our so-called intelligentsia understands the society in which they live. And alas, not

Something strange is reported about skinheads on 05/15/08: According to the information from the Moscow Municipal Department of Internal Affairs, the newcomers themselves are actively slaughtering each other in internecine showdowns. At the same time, immigrants are by no means angels and often commit serious crimes, including murder and robbery. As examples in

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Black and white screen, the inscription "White wolves" represent "... [video]

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Two legs in heavy grinders land on the neck of a curled up man; four more corrugated soles are imprinted on both sides with a flourish: the unfortunate one quickly sways under the blows - left-right-left; next clip: the boy raises a log over the victim's head ...

I can't see anything from crying. Such weak nerves: I cannot watch a living person being killed. A hoarse soundtrack sounds in my ears:

If we don't do it now,

Tomorrow we will have nowhere to live!

We are posting this entry on the KP website so that you can imagine WHAT these 17-year-old boys we are writing about are doing.

Look and remember that under the blows of a club - not an actor: Choriev Khudoikul, 42 years old, a worker from a construction site on Kuusinen Street in Moscow: he got out of the territory through a hole in the fence to go to the store.

Among those beating in a black jacket is Aleksey Javakhishvili, a 9th grade student at secondary school No. 703, leader of the White Wolves skin group. A quarter is ethnic Georgian.

"HERE ARE HEROES WE ARE BRITO-HEADED!"

(From the song of the Kolovrat group.)

Now, according to Christian tradition, I have to kneel down and hit myself in the chest: "My fault!"

Six years ago, wandering around the Nazi underground for a month, I found the problem of skins far-fetched.

Among the homegrown Nazis, I saw psychiatric patients (there was a copy that published decrees in the newspaper that the FSB building, the Rossiya hotel was transferred to him) and all kinds of PR people of varying degrees of success. Да, уже были убийства таджикской девочки Хуршеды Султоновой и сутулого ученого Николая Гиренко , свидетельствовавшего на судах, что лозунг «Бей жидов и черномазых!» there is incitement of interethnic hatred (the judge himself could not give such an assessment).

But there were so few killings. And drug addicts in the country - millions and millions, and all the media were silent about them like a fish on ice. Therefore ... I concluded that the Nazi question was deliberately pedaled by someone.

Maybe it was, but years have passed. And that someone succeeded.

Since 2004, there have been 350 murders committed by skinheads! And attacks, that is, unfinished, failed murders - 1,500!

These are statistics from the Moscow Bureau for Human Rights, and the Deputy Chairman of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation Vasily Piskarev recently announced an even more shocking figure: 548 cases of national hatred in 2009 alone ...

It turns out that skinheads attack twice a day!

Over the years, skinheads have carved a swastika on the bodies of the victims - St. Petersburg, Dima Kisly's gang. They stuck an iron pin into a woman's eye - Yekaterinburg, a Tatar from Bashkiria stood at a bus stop; skinheads beat her, poured vodka down her throat and shouted: "We hate you, non-Russians!"

The half-blind remained alive - here's the unfinished murder for you ...

Last week, the Nazis shot in Moscow judge Eduard Chuvashov, who "rolled" the White Wolves, Bloody Shoes and Ryno-Skachevsky's group into the zone. Before that, the Nazis launched harassment against the judge on the Internet for his careless statement during the trial.

On the day it happened, I was at the Investigative Committee in Moscow with the investigator who sent the Javakhishvili case to court: the officers closed the windows and front doors, blocked the street ...

It was clear to everyone that the nightmarish children would not joke.

And we must understand what to do with these youngsters and why the struggle for the purity of the Russian nation has become so widespread.

In this regard, I would like to offer an interesting observation.

Java's grandfather, the White Wolves killers, was named Guram Javakhishvili.

Yekaterinburg skinheads, who beat a Jew with a cross in the cemetery in 2005 (photo "Heil Hitler!"

In November 2009, the alleged killer of the lawyer Markelov and the journalist Baburova, skin-maiden Evgenia Khasis, was detained in Moscow: with muscles, a cap and tattoos.

Wanting to protect his sister, Zhenya's brother foolishly gave an interview: “She has a Semitic appearance! And in general, you know, who is our second cousin? Khasis Lev Aronovich! " (executive director of X5 Retail Group, which owns Kopeyka and Perekrestok retail chains).

The giggle in the media space was such that the girl immediately scribbled a refutation from Lefortovo: “We are not Jews, we are Greeks!” - and made it even funnier, because the Middle Eastern Jews Khasis has the same surname as Rabinovich in Odessa or Russian Zaitsev.

Let us also remember Arthur Ryno, on the mother of an Udmurt, on the father of the Chukchi ...

Once, in 2003, I went to Vyatka to describe a marvelous thing: an Azeri skinhead Roma Rahimov (mom is a simple Russian woman, dad is an Azerbaijani alcoholic), who beat a Tajik on Hitler's birthday. Then it seemed like nonsense!

Now it is clear: non-Russian blood among Russian skinheads is a commonplace.

Think how scary it is. The man's father is Caucasian. And he says: "Russia is for the Russians."

"NATIONALITY OF SKINHEADS UNDER QUESTION"

(A saying that ends posts about interethnic hatred by blogger Dmitry Puchkov, better known as Goblin.)

I understand very well that, speaking on the topic of a foreign nationality, I am obliged to publish my profile as well.

Because even at the KP forum, where not the most stupid people seem to gather, any step in this direction causes a flurry of hatred: "Skoybeda, go shit on your Ukraine!" (this is how the Russians write), "You are our dear katsapka ..." (this is how the Ukrainians write), "You are a provocateur because you are a Jew!"

This is how painful the question of blood is for Russia today.

So, I answer: “Ukrainian” was written in my Soviet passport, de facto, the blood is spread over the Mordovians, Cossacks, Poles, Lithuanians and Russians. By the standards of the current Nazi movement, I am quite drawn to the "true Aryan": Hitler turns over in his grave, but the Slavs of today's fascists are not "racially inferior", as was the case in the Third Reich, but Aryans, "salt of the earth."

"Racially inferior" are now Caucasians, Uzbeks, Tajiks - it is to them that skinheads shout: "Black scum, get out of the country!"

Or they could not shout, but look in the mirror.

Expert, anti-fascist journalist Alexander Litoi claims: the problem of "blood purity" for the Nazi underground is global: 5-10 percent of members are only those who have everything written on their faces! And if you delve into the grandparents ...

Judge for yourself:

Kabir Petrovsky, a boy convicted in the case of Khursheda Sultonova. According to his father - Afghan, according to the passport - Kabir Faridovich!

The first (!) Verdict in Russia for murder motivated by ethnic hatred: 2003, a group of skinheads traditionally celebrated the birth of Adolf Aloizovich, killing an Armenian in a Moscow crossing, the convict Zaur Rafiev, half Azerbaijani ...

This list seems endless: an Uzbek skinhead from Saratov, a Jewish skinhead Rostislav Hoffman from St. Petersburg, who later received a bullet from his own people (only his parents consider the boy an innocent victim), another Tatar Linar Kosyak from the Kolinichenko group, who stabbed a Yakut chess player ...

To whom the last example seemed unconvincing, I hasten to return from heaven to earth: although the skinheads declare the right of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation to live here, in reality, if a skin meets a person with a pronounced Tatar appearance ... In general, it can not stand it.

It got to the point that there is a mulatto in the Moscow national culture, - says Litoi, - he explains his presence as follows: "I am like an Eskimo: only black on the outside, white on the inside" - but most of them lie that they are Spaniards, Bulgarians, Greeks, - it is a constant "theme" in motion. Considering that 90 percent of the "shaved" people do not know each other by their last names, this is amazing ...

It is not surprising that the Nazis themselves perceive the "theme" extremely acutely. Dmitry Demushkin on the website of his recently banned "Slavic Union" ("SS") quotes the most frequently asked question: "Can representatives of national minorities become members of your organization?"

And he answers in the sense that he does not exclude: among the half-breeds there may also be "decent people who sincerely support our beliefs", but still "let it be better to build Israel for the Jews."

Any conflict on Nazi sites - and there are a lot of them here - ends with finding out which of the opponents is more "Jew": such polemics are specifically called "Jew" (excuse the word: at the moment we are writing about the Internet, and the Web is too much allowed) ...

Myths are breeding on the fertile theme: Alexander Koptsev, who went to slaughter the rabbis in the synagogue, and the leader of the DPNI Belov-Potkin, were named as Jews.

Two (!) Directors made films about “skinheads” in the “skinhead-Jew” conflict: in Lungin’s Luna Park, a sexually mature fascist, having acquired a dad named Naum Borisovich, begins to earnestly hide him from his former friends; in "Russia-88" Bardin, in general, the entire life of the group is shown through the perception of a half-Jew Edward, nicknamed Abrash.

“AND YOU, ABRASHA, WHY DID YOU BECOME A Fascist? WOULD YOU WALK TO THE JEWS TO PARTY ... "

(Pavel Bardin, "Russia-88".)

Schoolboy Andrei Zubkov was found on the shores of the Voronezh reservoir: 21 stabbed, the rest with grooved boots. He was on his mother Adygh: black hair, slanting eyes. Since childhood, the unfortunate child who lived with the same grandmother was bullied in the yard: "Chechen, Chechen!"

Grandmother Antonina Fedorovna:

He shouted: "I am Russian, my surname is Zubkov!" - and they just laughed: "You're lying, Zubkov is a non-Russian surname ..."

Five skinhead killers were found quickly, but then the wheel of the investigation abruptly went out of its usual rut: “Professing the ideology of the superiority of the Russian nation over others, they committed a murder ...” (this is how the indictments are written).

It turned out that Andrei himself wanted to become a skin: he listened to the Rammstein group and lovingly drew a swastika in a notebook, explaining to his grandmother that it was an “inverted sun”.

On that day, March 5, 2008, an exam was scheduled: they are admitted to the skin brigades, like to special forces. According to the investigation, the puny Andrei put his "examiner" on his shoulder blades and, therefore, was supposed to become a full-fledged fighter, but then everyone attacked the "Chechen" together, and then two of them came back and finished off.

That is, they were not going to take them as skinheads.

Only here Andrei's dream of running around Voronezh and hitting foreigners does not cancel it ...

There are only two questions: why do they go into motion and why are they taken there? Or they DO NOT take ...

Kabir Petrovsky, convicted of attacking a Tajik girl Khursheda Sultonova, Afghan by her father, Kabir Faridovich by passport. Now the group of Dima Kisly is being tried for the same crime, but there is an assumption that the girl was beaten by two brigades together. Already at large.

I asked these questions to the expert of the Moscow Bureau for Human Rights Semyon Charny, the ex-leader of the "SS" Dmitry Demushkin and the anti-fascist Alexander Litoy, and, to my amazement, the answers of these ideological opponents turned out to be like a carbon copy.

They set in motion, - everyone said, - because this is not an organization, but a subculture: there is NO SYSTEM, everything is based on personal relationships. The boys are friends in the yard, one will start to get carried away with the national idea - automatically dragging the others along with him, not making out whether they have Russian surnames. And then this one with the last name will stick a knife, and that's it, no one will drive him out of the movement.

I immediately remembered a conversation seven years ago in the Kirov SIZO with an accomplice of the Azerbaijani Roma Rahimov.

How did you accept him, - I asked, - do you consider Caucasians to be representatives of the lower "black race"?

Why, - the bald guy defended himself, - Roma is normal, he proved ...

Proved - by murder.

The Jew Rostislav Hoffman, at one time was part of the most terrible brigade of St. Petersburg - the group of Dima Borovikov, nicknamed Sour. Skinheads testify that Hoffman was a full-fledged member of the group, even made his "calling card" - the "Clockwork Orange" tattoo, - but then the leader said: "The Jew, Hoffman, disgraces the movement." the condemned man laughed and joked all the way, and where he was led, a hole had already been dug in the forest. They killed with a hunting "Saiga", then finished off with a crossbow and knives. Rostislav's parents, however, believe that their son, a graduate of the Jewish gymnasium, could not be at the same time with the skinheads: he simply learned too much about them and therefore died.

It remains to understand why all this is necessary for the children themselves.

Something is obvious: Evgenia Khasis, Artur Ryno, Roma Ragimov, Zaur Rafiev grew up without fathers, and Andrei Zubkov - without an Adyghe mother, that is, everything - with one Russian parent. Resentment against a non-Russian, who betrayed, abandoned? Yes, resentment.

All the guys completely and unconditionally considered themselves Russian, but nationality in the current global world is more an object of self-identification: the best example is Yulia Tymoshenko, a woman who is called an Armenian, but who is at the same time a symbol of Ukraine. Or field commander Said Buryatsky: half Russian, half Buryat - how did he manage to become the most faithful of the Chechens?

Everything is too mixed up: the Ryno gang killed two Russians in the Moscow courtyards - they took them for Tajiks ...

And the main thing is that guys with non-Russian blood in Russia are offended, beaten, and for them the skin movement is a way out, a solution to their personal problem.

A student named Ivanov can think about girls, about discos, while a student named Vartanyan will have a super task in front of his eyes in fiery letters: "To become like Russians, to raise your social status ..."

That is, it is the non-Russians who first of all go to the skinheads.

They need it more.

Georgian Javakhishvili, by the way, was also persecuted. The headmaster of his school told me about it.

"WHERE THERE IS NEITHER ELLENA, NOR JEW"

(New Testament, Colossians.)

The Lord has neither a Hellene nor a Jew, ”Svetlana Ryno told me sternly when I approached her with questions about her nationality.

We talked in the Moscow City Court, where her son was again tried: Arthur smiled happily from a glass cage, Chuvashov, still alive, frowned in the pulpit.

At first I did not even realize that this young woman in a black beret with a cockade, in grooved boots, in a T-shirt and medallions with nationalist symbols - her mother: she took her for a friend of one of the skinheads.

Svetlana knocked on the glass of the cage and commanded:

The main thing is to support Pasha!

Pasha is the accomplice of Skachevsky's son.

Everything is fine with us, ”Sveta announced when I tried to find out if the mother’s conscience was burdened by the twenty corpses in her son’s arms. - So, temporary difficulties! People are changing, and now Artusha understands that he has gone the wrong way: killing guest workers is a dead end, it is necessary to fight not with the investigation, but with the cause, that is, with the Jewish government ...

Having read the prophecy of Seraphim of Sarov, the Catechism of a Jew, as well as a whole list of other literature sent by Sveta Ryno, I can imagine in which coordinate system Arthur, an authoritative member of the skin movement, now lives.

Attentively: our church is expected, our passports bear the sign "666", in 1917 our country was captured by a Jewish clique, which strictly monitors that no non-Jew occupies a leading position. In general, we Russians live in a conquered country - and something needs to be done about it ...

The moral of this fable is this: skinheads are growing. They will, have already reached, to a direct struggle with the authorities. Before the revolution and terrorism.

Do you know how the site where Java posted his videos perceived the explosions in the Moscow metro?

"Hurray, blah"; “Good news, made me happy today”; "Cool"; “Smartly simple. The mood has risen. True, I feel sorry for the innocent Russian people ”- and smiles after each word.

Spiritual merging of fascists with Chechen gangs is not my observation. They even have a common goal: to destroy THIS state, build their own, "Russian", and separate the Caucasus, for which - further direct quotation from the program of one nationalist: "to support the Caucasian separatists."

Thank God, the Nazis and the militants have not come to an agreement yet. Otherwise, weak explosions, from time to time "farting" in a church in the south of Moscow, then in McDonald's, would have been more effective. The difference in the financing of international terrorists and Moscow chemistry students has an effect.

Unfortunately, the key word here is "bye".

INSTEAD OF AN AFTERWORD

Where is the exit?

Trying to find Khasis's relatives, I drove into a non-prestigious area of ​​Moscow. The minibus stopped again and took the passenger.

Good VEchir, - the woman greeted with a familiar driver.

Wai, - he answered, - where are you going?

Then another passenger looked up from the phone and held out a change:

Go to the ticket ...

And then I realized with horror that I was NOT arriving in the minibus. One.

The people around were nice and peaceful, but they were DIFFERENT, and I clearly understood that it would take years for us to get used to each other.

That is why the efforts of the special services, which are already imprisoning the twentieth skin-group, are often not always effective.

Skinheads are just spokesmen for the popular discontent with the migration policy of the authorities. Yes, people do not support skinheads with their bloody methods either, but they can hardly tolerate migrants either.

And it is precisely from this hiss in the kitchens: "Come in large numbers" - new killers are born. It turns out a multi-headed hydra: the special services cut off one head - three more grow ...

What to do?

To foster tolerance?

Of course, but still after putting things in order with the migration. Before that, it makes no sense to appeal to the good feelings of people.

Figuratively, the situation in which the residents of cities find themselves today can be compared with a pipe break: the residents of the apartment are running, shouting, the water is gushing, and the zhek orders from above: “Now you live like this: we know that it is inconvenient and unusual, but we will not block the pipe, and you cannot bail out. "

What will cause such a position of the authorities, except for anger? Anyway, people want to live in an apartment as they remember it. Without water...

I am sure, take away the migrant authorities today - skinheads will disappear too. They simply have nothing to fight for.

Leave everything as it is - and the fascization of society cannot be stopped.

I marveled at how close fascism came to us: I looked through the text about the murders in St. Petersburg and almost fell - I recognized the leader of the Nazi gang Dima Borovikov in the photo: in 2004, a bloody scumbag anonymously came to my meeting: he was shy, but said that he would kill both women and children ...

Judge Chuvashov was killed three days after my visit. The anti-fascist I corresponded with turned out to be the son of my roommate.

The bullets are getting too close ...

Those who support the government will probably ask: how can we do without migrants if the indigenous population of Russia is shrinking? Soon there will be no one to feed the pensioners, so the attraction of labor from abroad is a forced matter ...

Their actions are condemned by society around the world. They are feared and despised, called "killers of democracy" and "Nazi bastards." They are tried and imprisoned for murder. Many programs have been filmed about them and countless books have been written. Skinheads - who are they? Let's try to figure it out in detail.

The history of the emergence of skinheads

The first skins respected (!) Blacks and mulattoes. Not surprisingly, there were many immigrants among the workers of that time. The skins and visitors from Jamaica had the same views, listened to the same music, in particular reggae and ska. The current of football hooligans had a very big influence on the skin movement. In many ways, it was to him that the skins owe to bomber jackets, which made it easy to slip out of the opponent's hands during a street brawl, a shaved head, thanks to which it was impossible to grab the bully by the hair. Of course, the skin youth had a lot of trouble with the police. Tellingly, both boys and girls took part in the movement. It would not be superfluous to note that, like all football fans, skinheads loved to spend time in a pub with a mug of foam.

But as time goes on, people grow up, and the first wave of skins by the beginning of the 70s began to decline. The skinheads began to start families and slowly forget about their former exuberant lifestyle. However, nothing goes without a trace, and now England is already exploding with a wave of wild and aggressive music - punk rock. This style was ideal for working-class youth looking for harder music for their movement. Street punk appeared - an excellent solution for skins, to which the name "Oi!" Was instilled with the light hand of an English newspaper hack. The style was different from punk - it was classic guitar riffs laid on a distinctly audible line of bass and drums. The chorus sounded like the fans screaming in the stands (hello hooligans!). With the music came additions to clothing - the skins of the second wave began to wear army T-shirts more often. All of this was alien to the old skins who grumbled at the youth of the 70s for their music and clothes. At that time, among the skinheads of the first wave, the slogan "stay true to 69" was prevalent. It is believed that 1969 was the peak of the popularity of the skinhead movement. So, English youth began to get more and more interested in punk music, and the working class got its own movement. Since the skins already had their own musical style and clothing style, their views turned to politics. Many skinheads began to support the struggle of the right-wing parties, merging into British neo-fascism, while others defended the ideas of the left, promoting the working class and the ideas of communism. Basically, the left were the first wave skins that opposed racism. There were also apolitical groups that preferred their own subcultural politics.

The impetus for the development of the Nazi skinhead movement, that is, skins as they look now, was the transition of the punk group Skrewdriver from street punk directly to skinhead music. It was the first street punk band to publicly declare their neo-Nazi views. They opposed communism and sympathized with the National Front. Towards the end of the 70s, the right-wing movement intensified, and a racist skinhead appeared on the streets of London. You had to see it! All the media sounded the alarm, English society, not yet recovering from the Second World War, looked with horror at any skinhead, seeing him as a fascist. The misconception about the "racist" nature of each skin has been amplified by the National Front and the Skrewdriver group. Politicians skillfully watered skins with the terms fascism and racism. Such actions had the result - they began to treat skinheads extremely negatively.

Finally, by the mid-90s, the third wave of skinheads was forming. 17-18 year old punks shave off their mohawks and join the ranks of skins. Old skin-ideas are being revived and classic skinhead groups are being formed in most countries of Europe and the West. Now it is basically a mixture of classic football hooligans and hardcore punk skins. In Russia, unfortunately, 99 percent of skinheads are supporters of neo-Nazi views. Contemporary Russian society has a firm belief that any skinhead is a racist.

The history of the emergence of skinheads

Skinhead clothing style

So the clothes. Skinhead "uniforms" are taken from the very origins of the movement, namely from the London port workers. These are heavy boots, camouflage pants and T-shirts. The classic look of the skin is a black "bomber" (wide heavy jacket), blue or black jeans with rolled-up trousers, suspenders and black "ankle boots". Naturally shaved head. The ideal shoe for a skin is the so-called "grinder" (Grinders boots). However, they are not cheap, so they are mainly limited to military shoes. Laces are a separate topic in the skin's outfit. By the color of the laces, you can determine its belonging to one or another movement group. For example, white laces are worn by those who killed or participated in the murder of a "non-Russian" person, red - antifa, brown - neo-Nazis. You can, of course, wear laces of any color, not belonging to this or that group, but in this case it is better not to come across skins that honor traditions. In general, a skinhead's clothes are very practical - they help to defend themselves in a fight and significantly weighs down the blows. Attributes serve the same purpose - metal chains, carbines and so on. Some skins like German cross patches, swastikas and the like. True, they are used very rarely, because in this case, the skin becomes an easy prey for the police, revealing its ultra-right views.

Many skinheads love tattoos. They are usually applied to closed parts of the body that are not visible under the jacket on the street, since it is easy to find a supporter of movement from them. The theme of the tattoo is mostly monotonous - these are political ultra-right slogans, swastika symbols, German and Celtic crosses, images of the skins themselves in various poses, various inscriptions such as “Skinhead”, “White Power”, “Working class”, “National Front” and so on. ... For such tattoos, skinheads are often harassed and raped by law enforcement agencies, as they directly shout about Nazi beliefs, so some prefer to apply less obvious images like pagan gods, weapons, animals, and so on. Letter ciphers are often pierced, for example, "88", "14/88", "18". Here the number denotes the serial number of the letter in the Latin alphabet, that is, 88 - Heil Hitler, 18 - Adolf Hitler. 14 is not an alphabetic code, it is 14 words of the motto of the White Struggle, formulated by one of the ideologues of the skinhead movement, David Lane, who is imprisoned for life in a closed American prison: “we must secure the existence of our people and a future for white children” (“we must protect the present of our people and the future of our white children ”). Often there are double runes in zig (SS) lightning, the otal rune and other runic combinations.

This is the style of a modern skinhead. Of course, you should not assume that it is typical for everyone - many skins today dress like most ordinary people, since it is more difficult to figure them out this way. Genuine skinny clothing is a tribute to the traditions of the movement.

Skinhead clothing style

Skinhead ideology

Go. Classic skinheads. They stood at the origins of the entire movement, therefore they are honored veterans. Their ideology is the opposition of the simple working class to the bourgeoisie, the opposition of young people to their parents. This is a rebuff of power over the poor and parental prohibitions. This is pride in simple hard workers and hatred of the rich. Classic skins are apolitical. They drink beer and love football - a tribute to football hooligans who have had a major impact on the current. Not a single classic skinhead is complete without a good fight - again, the influence of hooligans is noticeable. Actually, nothing more can be said about this current. Love music ska, reggae, Oi! etc.

Nazi skins. But here there is something to stop at: racist skinheads are the scourge of modern society. They constantly arrange fights, beatings of foreign citizens, and protest actions. They are arrested, convicted, imprisoned, but they remain true to their ideals. The idea is simple - the supremacy of the white race and the cleaning of the country from alien elements. Taking advantage of popular hostility towards foreigners, skinheads often recruit an impressive number of young people into their ranks. In Russia, the Nazi skinhead movement is outrageously popular. Recently, it has come to the point that foreigners are simply afraid to be in the country and prefer to live where the problem of Nazism is not so acute. On the one hand, the ideology of the Nazis seems cruel and inhuman. The actions of skins find a huge resonance in modern society - they are hated, despised, trying to catch and punish. Killing people is certainly not the best thing to do. On the other hand, one cannot fail to notice that the actions of skinheads have had an effect - foreigners do not feel as free in the country as before. Objectively, we can say that skinheads are a way to protect society from overly impudent immigrants. It is, however, a pity that the killings of blacks and other citizens are often unjustified and do not carry a character of retaliation that could be explained. Russian skin promotions are usually an attack on innocent black students, entrepreneurs, and so on.

Nazi skins are divided into two groups - these are ordinary skins and ideological leaders. The first, respectively, participate in fights and actions, play an executive role. The latter, on the other hand, deal with the political side of the issue, promote the ideas of Nazism in society, plan actions, and so on. Their sphere is the struggle for power in the country. In theory, the victory of such leaders in the political arena should mean a peaceful, political settlement of the issue of the growing number of immigrants. Agree, patriotism is not alien to any of us, and I don't want to wake up one fine day in a country that is no longer in my country. Many skinheads follow the straight edge (sXe), that is, they lead a healthy lifestyle. This behavior undoubtedly ennobles the skin, so profusely watered by the modern media and politicians. However, how to treat the nationalists is a controversial issue, there are both positive and negative sides in their movement. The decision must be made by everyone for himself.

And finally, antifa. Red skins, redskins, as they are also called. Every action has its own opposition, as Uncle Newton used to say. Supporters of the red movement oppose racial prejudice and promote left-wing views - communism, class struggle, "factories for workers" and so on. There are two antifa movements: S.H.A.R.P. (SkinHeads Against Racial Prejudice) and R.A.S.H. (Red and Anarchist SkinHeads). In addition to the "left" views, antifa have another peculiarity. They hate skins and carry out actions aimed at suppressing them. Fights between skinheads and antifa are not uncommon today. And again, a controversial issue is how to treat anti-fascists to a modern person. On the one hand, countering racial killings is, of course, good. On the other hand, fighting by the enemy's methods is meaningless. Antifa can be said to create as many problems as skinheads. Moreover, the struggle of the Redskins is similar to the opening of a "second front" during World War II - late and ineffective. Skinheads manage to repel antifa attacks and plan their own racist actions. The fight against illegal activities should be carried out by law enforcement agencies, and not by a group of young people who are as aggressive as the Nazis.

These are the directions of the skin movement. There are a huge number of nuances in them, and you can argue on each issue infinitely.

Skinhead ideology

Conclusion

And now that you have read this article, I will ask you to answer one question. So, what do you think now, who are the skinheads: neo-Nazis, or an ordinary teenage subculture?

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

FGOU SPO Glazovsky Technical College

Skinheads in the Russian Federation

Completed:

Student group 211

EASH branches

Mezrin Grigory

Checked:

Chapter 2. Types of skinheads

Conclusion

Application

Introduction

In this work, you could learn about skinheads, the history of their emergence, various directions of skinhead movements in the world and, in particular, in the Russian Federation.

The relevance of this topic is justified by the fact that over the past year, Russian skinhead groups have become noticeably more active. In April - May this year, after several high-profile crimes, this movement came to the center of public attention. The activation of skinheads occurs in two equally dangerous directions. On the one hand, cases of violence against representatives of national minorities by skinheads have become more frequent; they have become more massive, organized and cruel. On the other hand, there has been a clear tendency to unite skinheads among themselves and with ideologically similar right-wing political organizations.

Skinheads themselves (skins, as they call themselves) are not a political movement. This is a youth movement, in whose worldview Nazi ideology occupies an important place, and in its stylistic features - an aggressive model of behavior.

The subculture of skinheads exists all over the world, since the beginning of the 1990s it has appeared in Russia as well. True, in Russia, in contrast to the West and Eastern Europe, there are practically no "red skins" - anarchists and anarcho-communists. The ideology of domestic skinheads is only neo-Nazism. The real confrontation in the West (especially in Germany) between "brown" and "red" skins ("skins with white laces" and "skins with red laces", representatives of the "SHARPS" movements - "skinheads against racial prejudice" and "RASH" - "red skinheads-anarchists", in their own terminology) is absent in Russia, although it is constantly spoken about.

skinhead youth subculture neo-nazism

So, the aim of the work is to consider skinheads as a youth movement. Based on the goal, we will build the tasks:

1. Study skinheads from a psychological point of view.

2. Take a look at this group from the side of society.

3. To find out the attitude towards skinheads in the Russian Federation.

After analyzing the goal and objectives, a hypothesis appears: in modern Russia, most people do not have a clear idea of ​​who skinheads are.

Chapter 1. The emergence of skinheads

The first skinheads appeared in England in 1968. Today's followers would be surprised to learn that their predecessors got along well with mulattoes and blacks. The fact is that skinheads appeared as a working, not a racial subculture, directed against both the official culture and in opposition to many alternative currents. For example, bikers (then called rockers) were considered "fake" by skinheads, because they were a thunderstorm of the roads only on weekends, and on weekdays they worked hard in the office. They hated Pakistanis not as foreigners, but as hucksters. And blacks and Arabs who worked with skinheads in the same factories were their guys for them. The first skinheads were not skinheads in the literal sense of the word, just their short haircuts with bowls contrasted with the then fashionable long hair. The style of clothing was not "militaristic", but proletarian: coarse-woolen jackets, high boots of dock workers. The first skinheads had no followers, and by 1973, when the guys had matured and had families, the movement had come to naught.

Skinheads revived in the late seventies, when the Margaret Thatcher government liquidated entire sectors of the economy (for example, coal mining), which led to an unprecedented increase in unemployment and unrest in the so-called depressed regions. The new skinheads were no longer the labor aristocracy, but a declassified environment, brought up not on relaxed reggae, but on aggressive punk rock. These thugs beat all immigrants indiscriminately, because they "took their jobs." Neo-Nazi ideologists worked with the new skinheads. Skin-clubs appeared, the slogan "Let's keep Britain white" sounded for the first time. Then the skinheads of the first wave got out of their apartments, furious that their movement began to be associated with the Nazis. Fights between "old" and "new" skinheads took on the character of street riots (especially in Glasgow). As a result, two movements emerged: Nazi skins and red skins. Outwardly, the red skins differed only in stripes with portraits of Lenin, Mandela, Che Guevara and sometimes red laces in boots. They became widespread in England, France, Poland, Spain, Nazi-skins took root in Germany, Holland, Scandinavia, Canada, USA, and later in France, Denmark, Belgium. In America, there were groups of Negro skinheads, Mexican skinheads, etc. skinheads-Jews. In Germany, the Nazis became famous not only for beating up guest workers (foreign workers, mostly Turks), but also for their murders. At the same time, judges who were more afraid of the "red terror" showed rare favor to skinheads (in the eighties in Germany skinheads were only once convicted for the murder of a Turk - Ramazan Avsi in the summer of 1986). Skinheads, meanwhile, turned into a political force: they smashed the anti-fascists, dealt with the trade unions. The authorities realized who they were dealing with when in 1987 in Lindau the skins attacked Christian believers during a holiday in St. Stephen's Cathedral (the city authorities refused to provide the municipal hall for the skinhead congress). The Vatican intervened, the skinheads were pressed by the police. But soon the Berlin Wall came down, and the ranks of skinheads tripled (according to the "English version") at the expense of the Germans from East Germany, where unemployment and despair reigned among young people. That is, as we can see, in reality, the history of the skinhead movement suggests that associations with fascism in this case are a common misconception. For most of them, this is a fashion, but not simple, when you are wearing boots and suspenders, and when next to you are the same as you are, street children, who do not necessarily also look outwardly, but close in spirit to you.

Thus, initially skinheads emerged as an apolitical movement, not leaning towards the "left" or "right".

Chapter 2. Types of skinheads

1. Traditional skinheads are an apolitical subculture that arose as a reaction to a significant mutation of the original subculture. Closely related to reggae and ska dance music and modern Oi! ... This subculture copies the style of the original culture of the late 1960s. Remember theSpiritof 69 is the subculture's "slogan."

· Job. Skinheads pride themselves on being working class;

· Friends. The so-called Unity, Unity ("there is nothing in the world more important than friendship");

· Family (family for skinheads is roots, origins);

· "Roots". One of the important concepts in the traditional skinhead subculture; its expression is reflected in the popular expression: "Remember your roots!", which, in principle, is the other side of the expression "Remember the Spirit of" 69 ", since" Spirit of 69 "is the roots of subcultures, "golden time" of its development. The concept of "roots" is also important in that it includes music that is characteristic of the skinhead environment of the 60s (ska, reggae, rocksteady, soul) .;

· Anti-racism. This is precisely anti-racism, not anti-fascism, this position is explained by the fact that the skinhead subculture comes from a mixture of two cultures - Jamaican black rude boys and English mods.

http: // music66. info / up / article / img / thumb_sharp3. jpg2. S. H. A. R. P. (Skinhead Against Racial Prejudices) - "Skinheads against racial prejudice." They appeared in America in the 1970s as the opposite of ultra-right skinheads, but without political overtones. "Detachments of revenge, justice and brotherhood." Among the ultra-right, they are often equated with R. A. S. H., apparently due to the confusion of abbreviations. S. H. A. R. P. is an anti-racist association of skinheads, also skinheads against racial prejudices that oppose discrimination on racial grounds. Created in New York in 1987. Opposed NS-skinheads and other chauvinistic organizations. SHARP created the logo based on the badge of Trojan Records, which produced Jamaican music (reggae and ska). In the late 1980s, a group of activists in the United States disintegrated due to internal divisions and due to the fact that neo-Nazis became less active. Emblem - see Appendix 1

3.http: // music66. info / up / photos / thumb_redskins. jpgR. A. S. H. (Red & Anarchist Skinheads) - "Red" and anarcho-skinheads who inherited the ideas of socialism, communism, anarchism from the "native" working class. R. A. S. H is an international network of skinheads who, in contrast to S. H. A. R. P., stand not only on anti-fascist, but also on left-wing radical positions. Today, "red" and "anarch" skinheads exist in America, Germany, Italy, Colombia and in many other countries of the world. They set such goals as: Confronting the myth exaggerated by the media about skinheads as racists and refuting this stereotype in society.

· Expansion of the skinhead subculture and propaganda of anti-fascist and anarchist ideas through music (Oi!, Street punk, reggae, h / c, etc.), zines, clothes, etc.

· Struggle, both physical and political.

· Assistance to immigrants and discriminated national minorities. Fight against any discrimination.

· Participation in various civil / political actions.

Russia is the country of the Aryans! Enough, all sorts of Jews and Bolsheviks mocked us. We Aryans are the masters here. And we will be the masters. When we come to power, we will line everyone up along the walls and say to everyone: “Jews and commissars - a step forward!”. And all the Jews and commies - from a machine gun. Then let's say: "Narrow-eyed and black-eyed ... pye - step forward!" And all the narrow-eyed and black-eyed ... puff - to the mines and to the felling. Let them work ... Long live the Millennial Great Reich of the Aryan Nation! .. `

From a speech by an unnamed skinhead speaker at the White Power rally in Moscow in the spring of 1997.

Skinheads appeared in Russia in the early 90s. In 1992, there were about a dozen skinheads in Moscow. They behaved quietly, mainly engaged in self-admiration and demonstration of themselves in the city center. These very first skins were a pure product of teenage monkeyism: they diligently imitated Western designs. And they learned about Western skinheads from the Soviet media of the perestroika era: just in 1989-1991. it was fashionable to talk about English, German, and a little later about Czech skinheads.

This lasted until the beginning of 1994. At the beginning of 1994, skinheads suddenly immediately - in a few weeks - become, if not massive, then numerous and noticeable phenomenon. Outwardly, this was connected with the events of September-October 1993, when Yeltsin very clearly showed everyone that in any discussion the most convincing argument is violence. There were teenagers who learned this very well. The then students of the humanities faculties of various Moscow universities recall that it was precisely those classmates or schoolchildren who soon became skinheads who were present in a crowd of onlookers on October 4, 1993, who watched with pathological pleasure from close range the shooting of parliament by tanks. The growth in the number of Moscow skins was influenced, however, not so much by the shooting of parliament as by the subsequent period of the “special situation” in Moscow, when police terror reigned on the streets, which quickly took on a clearly racist (formally anti-Caucasian) character.

Yeltsin and his supporters actively used racist and nationalist rhetoric during the political crisis in September-October 1993, even before the shooting of parliament. For example, Ruslan Khasbulatov was constantly accused of his Chechen origin.

On October 4, the actions of the army and riot police took on an openly racist character. For example, MP Oleg Rumyantsev, one of the leaders of the Russian Social Democrats and one of the drafters of the Russian constitution, was seized in the street by pro-presidential paratroopers and brutally beaten (in particular, his jaw was broken and his kidneys were beaten off). Moreover, the paratrooper officer, who was in charge of the beating, shouted joyfully: "Aha, got caught, you Jewish muzzle!" Two Lebanese students - Hanush Fadi and Salib Assaf - were shot on October 4 only because they had a pronounced non-Aryan appearance.

During the period of "special situation" in Moscow, the mayor of the capital Luzhkov organized a real ethniccleaning... There was no legality whatsoever during the period of the “special situation” in Moscow, constitutional guarantees were not observed, human rights violations (illegal extrajudicial searches, arrests, robberies, beatings and torture by the police and riot police) were widespread. Thousands of people - mostly with a non-Slavic appearance - were arrested, beaten, robbed and deported from Moscow. All of them were enlisted in the notorious “persons of Caucasian nationality”. OMON and the police gladly robbed stalls and tents belonging to “people of Caucasian nationality”, in Moscow markets the OMON repeatedly carried out uniform pogroms, during which money, jewelry and goods were taken from “Caucasians” and mercilessly beaten. In addition to the natives of the Caucasus, among the victims were also immigrants from the Balkans, from Central Asia, citizens of India, Pakistan, Iran, as well as Jews and Arabs. The UAE embassy even protested to the Russian Foreign Ministry regarding the arrest, beating and robbery of diplomats from the United Arab Emirates. Similar protests were made by the embassies of Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. Several English-language newspapers, including the Moscow Times, without a word, titled their articles as follows: “Racist Pogroms in Moscow”.

Numerous complaints of arbitrariness were not even considered. Victims whose only “crime” was racialdifferences were deprived of the right to defend their interests in court. One such story - the illegal arrest, robbery, brutal beating of two citizens of Georgia, Azerbaijanis by nationality - is described in detail in the "Levaya Gazeta", with the appendix documents... In court, and then in the prosecutor's office, they simply refused to accept applications from these citizens of Georgia. The same publication describes the brutal mass beatings of illegally detained people - in a number of cases with grave consequences (one of the detainees - a Tajik - had a broken spine as a result of the beatings) 8.

After watching the riot police happily rob and kick with impunity people with “not enough Aryan” appearance, and after listening to the corresponding “patriotic” rhetoric of the Moscow authorities, teenage boys from “dormitory” districts, from disadvantaged families quickly found “an example to follow”.

The first Chechen war and the accompanying great-power pro-imperial, nationalist propaganda campaign at the government level (especially in Moscow) had an even more obvious impact on the growth of the number of skins. Nobody fought with skins. While the OMON was “dealing with” the “Caucasians”, the skins, as weaker and cowardly, were chosen as victims by immigrants from Central Asia or from countries of the “third world” - first of all, “black” and “narrow-eyed”. Everywhere (especially in Nizhny), the police treated the Kskins more than leniently, refusing to initiate criminal proceedings against them (in Nizhny, the Tajiks were generally afraid to go to the police - this ended in arrest for "illegal stay" with subsequent extortion of a bribe, and if there was nothing to take - beating and deportation). The example of Nizhny Novgorod is especially interesting because the famous neoliberal Boris Nemtsov was the governor of Nizhny Novgorod at that time. Nemtsov is known to have collected a million signatures against the war in Chechnya - and at the same time racist terror flourished and encouraged in his home!

In an atmosphere of connivance, the skin movement has grown to its current size and continues to grow rapidly. In Moscow by the summer of 1998 there were, according to various estimates, from 700 to 2000 skinheads, in St. Petersburg - from 700 to 1500, in Nizhny Novgorod - up to 1000 skins, in Voronezh, Samara, Saratov, Krasnodar, Rostov-on-Don, Yaroslavl, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Vladivostok, Ryazan, Pskov - from one to several hundred. By the end of 1999, there were from 3500 to 3800 skins in Moscow, up to 2700 in St. Petersburg, over 2000 in Nizhny, over 1500 in Rostov-on-Don, and over 1000 in Yaroslavl, Pskov and Kaliningrad. Let me remind you that in 1992 there were about a dozen skins in Moscow, and in St. Petersburg - about five people.

Of course, not only political events influenced the flourishing of the skinhead movement. Two factors created the basis for the rapid growth and acceptance of skins among the youth in Russia: the economic crisis and the collapse of the education system.

The catastrophic economic downturn since 1991 has made millions of people in Russia unemployed. An even larger number of people were not formally considered unemployed, but they were in fact: enterprises either stood idle, working 1-2 days a week or 2-3 months a year, or hired workers could not receive a salary for six months or a year. The overwhelming majority of the population, accustomed to living not richly, but quite satisfactorily (according to Western views, at the level of the middle middle class and (more often) the low middle class), suddenly became beggars.

All this caused not even property, but psychological catastrophe: over the long decades of the Soviet experience, the population has become accustomed to guaranteed full employment, state paternalism in education and health care, as well as in the field of other social programs (for example, subsidized (often symbolic) prices for basic foodstuffs, baby products, housing, utilities, public transport, etc.). Having lost their usual way of life, the population of Russia became quickly run wild: crime, alcoholism and drug addiction swept the country. Parents, busy with one thought - how to survive, had no time for raising children. Family scandals and domestic violence have become the norm. The number of the mentally ill has increased several times. In depressed regions there is even a queue for hospitalization in psychiatric hospitals - and the queue is rather big: people wait 2-3 years. Children running away from home due to hunger, beatings and unbearable living conditions (as well as abandonment of children) have become a mass phenomenon: today in Russia there are at least 4 million street children. This is insanely large if you remember that after the Civil War of 1918-1921. there were 6 million street children in the entire Soviet Union.

In parallel with the collapse of the economy, there was a process of collapse of the education and training system. On the one hand, this, of course, was a consequence of the economic collapse: in the USSR, the entire school system was state-owned, and if state revenues in the last 10 years decreased by 8-10 times, this could not but affect the financing of the school. As a result, in recent years, 400-450 schools have been closed annually for financial reasons in the country and, accordingly, most of the students from these schools have been deprived of the opportunity to continue their education. Already in 1997 in Siberia, for example, according to the official data of military registration and enlistment offices, from 7 to 11% of conscripts were illiterate. By 1999, the situation had deteriorated markedly. It is not known how many school-age children are no longer attending school (there is no official data, or they are classified). But according to the Department for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, every third a school-age delinquent in the spring of 1999 did not even have a primary education! nine

But a much more serious factor turned out to be the fact that in Russia, under the pretext of "fighting totalitarianism" upbringing! For some reason, the very concept of "education" was associated with the Komsomol and the pioneer organization. These organizations were disbanded, none were created to replace them. Meanwhile, the Komsomol and the pioneer organization were engaged not only in ideological work. All other youth activities - arts, sports, tourism, etc. - was also “hanged” by these “terrible” organizations. The Komsomol organized and held sports competitions and rock and folk festivals, purchased equipment and provided premises for all kinds of youth activities, from clubs for young chess players or aircraft modelers to dancing and speleological.

The Ministry of Education - under the flag of “de-ideologizing the school” - even banned the word “upbringing” in its documents. Pedagogy was reduced to didactics. Initially, the school teachers were happy: half of the load was removed from them at the same salary. At the same time, few of them thought about the fact that everything that was happening was absurd, since most of the educational complex at school had nothing to do with either Soviet power or communist ideology, but was a common part of traditional European civilization, going back in the main components right up to Aristotle.

The result was a second psychological catastrophe: over a decade of reforms in Russia, a new generation has grown - asocial and anemic... This generation is characterized by a complete break with traditions, with social values ​​and social attitudes. Parallel to wildness parents happened run wild children. But if the parents, wild, still tried to solve some problems of collective survival (at least at the family level), then the “children of reforms”, having no social experience of adults, quickly turned into herd- in the herd biological individuals, only nominally somehow connected with each other - individuals of immoral, asocial, anemic, egocentric, incapable of communication, primitive in their demands, greedy, embittered and increasingly stupid.

Naturally, this was accompanied by a catastrophic rise in child and adolescent crime, drug addiction, substance abuse, alcoholism, prostitution, epidemics of sexually transmitted diseases. The teachers, who yesterday rejoiced at the cancellation of upbringing, grabbed their heads - it was the teachers who were the first to face the new behavior of this new youth, who did not want to learn, sent teachers with obscenities, and if they were really bored, beat them.

But the timid attempts of ordinary teachers to change the situation were met with tough opposition from the Ministry of Education. Ministry officials believed that everything was in order and that events were developing in the right direction. Under three consecutive ministers - Tkachenko, Kinelev and Tikhonov - the Ministry of Education fought against upbringing and tried to carry out under the flag of "variable education" (invented by Deputy Minister Asmolov) a "reform" that would free the state from funding the education system and, naming things in their own names, would enable ministerial officials to receive their salaries without doing anything and not being responsible for anything.

Simultaneously with the "education reform" that had turned into a disaster in Russia, the ramified system created in Soviet times was liquidated. extracurricular education and upbringing - all these "houses of culture", "palaces of culture", "palaces of pioneers", etc. In Soviet times, this system covered in general up to a quarter of school-age children - and more or less successfully identified talents among children of all social strata and supplied them to the arts, to the professional scene, to science - according to the revealed abilities. But over the past 10 years, this entire system has been destroyed. The buildings of the "palaces of culture" were bought up by the "new Russians" and converted into nightclubs, casinos, restaurants, monstrously expensive and accessible only to a small part of the population. Children's circles were thrown into the street and perished. 1 0 Schoolchildren outside of school were left to their own devices - and for the most part they became the prey of the criminal world and the drug mafia. Microscopic youth gangs arose in huge numbers, which often turned into gangs of skinheads - since each such gang was aimed against “strangers” (even from a neighboring yard), and every black person was deliberately “stranger”.

Skinheads in Russia are not a product of national, but social changes. This is especially clearly seen from the fact that skinhead gangs arose precisely in the largest and most developed cities - where the main wealth is concentrated and where the social stratification that has arisen in Russia in recent years is especially noticeable. Teenagers from poor families, looking at the suddenly rich officials and criminals - "new Russians" - envied them and hated them, but were afraid to touch them.

In the same last 10 years in Russia, there has been a process that cannot be called otherwise than rehabilitation fascism... And this rehabilitation was carried out by those who today are shouting the loudest about the "fascist danger" - the liberals, the liberal media. They fought so enthusiastically against the “red danger” that they did not notice how, with their own hands, they created a fashion for fascism.

In their clothes, our skins imitate their Western like-minded people. A feature of Russian skins is their love for the flag of the slave-owning Confederation, which is usually sewn on the sleeve or (if the patch is large) on the back of a bomber jacket. Also (although less common) are stripes in the form of a swastika, a Celtic cross, a portrait of Hitler, the number 88 (that is, “Heil Hitler!”) Or the letters WP (“White Power”). Our skins are adherents of the musical style oh!, As well as Western Nazi skins (Western “red skins” mainly listen to punk, post-punk, grange, thrash, reggae, ska, and even art-rock, jazz rock and symphonic rock, right up to Pink Floyd and Henry Coe). Most of the musical skin groups in Moscow whose lyrics are usually quite primitive, and at the same time, almost every one easily falls under Art. 282 of the Criminal Code (“incitement to ethnic, racial or religious hatred”), but no one has ever tried to bring any musical skin group to justice. ”.

Most of the skins are united in small gangs at the place of residence or study (80 percent of the skins are high school students, vocational school students or unemployed), which, strictly speaking, are not political organizations. But in Moscow there are two politicized rigidly hierarchized skinhead organizations: Skinlegion and Blood & Honor '- Russian branch (100-150 people each). Members of both groups systematically spread rumors that their organizations have several hundred members. Most of the "disorganized" skins believe this - and envy and respect the "legionnaires" and "honor". In 1998, about a hundred skins from the White Bulldogs and Lefortovo Front groups created the third large skin association in Moscow - United Brigades 88. United Brigades 88 immediately developed a vigorous activity on the information front. They are the ones who publish the White Resistance magazine. They also created a website called Russian Britologists on the Internet. In St. Petersburg, about 150 skins are part of the "Russian Kulak" organization, in Nizhny Novgorod - over 150 skins are united into the "North" group, in Yaroslavl over 80 skins are part of the "White Bears" organization. There are also small, but well-disciplined and structured skin groups - for example, “Russian goal” in Moscow (no more than 25 people). There is even a group of Nazi skin-feminists called Russian Girls.

However, the successes of organized neo-fascists in the skinhead environment should not be exaggerated. Skinheads were racist from the very beginning. Their favorite pastime was and remained to drink beer (or vodka) and go hunting on the streets or in the subway for some dark-skinned student. Discipline hates them. Many skins joining ultra-right organizations soon leave them: after a drunken revelry, it is difficult for them to force themselves to attend meetings, cram fascist "classics", patiently sell newspapers, etc. But still, changes are taking place. If earlier skins beat Africans and Asians “in the abstract” - for their skin color and for the fact that they “infect us with AIDS” and “sell drugs”, now any ordinary skin is ready to read you an illiterate, but hot mini-lecture about “oppressed by Jews the Russian nation ”,“ the world Zionist conspiracy ”and“ the coming revival of Great Russia ”. .

In Russia, Nazi skins feel confident and with impunity. In Moscow, the police and the authorities clearly sympathize with them. For a long time both the authorities and especially the press tried not to notice the skinhead terror at all. The policy of silence(and covert encouragement) towards skins has led skinheads to think of impunity. When, in April 1998, the skins sent faxes to the editors of Moscow newspapers, in which they reported that in commemoration of the next anniversary of Hitler's birth they would “kill a black man every day”, most newspapers did not react to this warning, and those that responded - for example, "Nezavisimaya Gazeta" - perceived them as something exotic, but not serious. In fact, in April-May 1998 in Moscow, for the first time in the history of the Russian skin community, a coordinated campaign of united actions was carried out, which caused, as I already wrote, an international scandal. But in the domestic media, no one even tried to estimate the size of this campaign - and meanwhile, according to the calculations of the Association of Foreign Students, only against black students during the month after April 20, an average of 4 acts of violence were committed per day. One Negro was killed, and his corpse was thrown into a sewer hatch in the area of ​​Danilovsky market. The police did not want to associate this case with the skinhead "month".

And the notorious S. Tokmakov was detained only because he himself gave an interview to the TV crew that arrived at the scene. In an interview, Tokmakov spoke about his racist views and said that blacks are “evil”. Even with this record, the police “searched” for Tokmakov for 2 whole days and then for a long time tried to deny the racist nature of the incident. The “Tokmakov case” also contributed to the fact that the skinheads asserted themselves in their “righteousness” and impunity.

Tokmakov was supported by the entire skin-party, which issued a bunch of leaflets in which all the blame was shifted to Jefferson and he was accused of “distributing drugs” and “harassing Russian youths with proposals of a sexual nature”. Tokmakov was also supported by the entire right-wing press (up to the LDPR newspaper, where an article was published with an expressive headline "Stop licking the Jeffersons' ass!" "- violinist), an employee of the publishing house" Russian Writer "(Tokmakov worked there as a security guard) and is only to blame for the fact that ... he defended the honor of a Russian girl who was being molested by an American.

Jefferson was forced to leave Russia. The trial of S. Tokmakov lasted unimaginably long - from September 9, 1998 to September 27, 1999 - and ended with Tokmakov's release from custody right in the courtroom. Tokmakov was included in the regional list of the electoral association “Spas”, headed by “himself” Barkashov (the list, as you know, was deregistered by the efforts of the Ministry of Justice with a scandal).

Of course, it all ended with what it should have ended: the skins moved from attacks on “blacks” to attacks on “whites”. In the spring of 1998 in Moscow, up to a dozen skins came to the Mayakovsky Museum for an open lecture held by the Trotskyist group "Committee for the Workers International" and shouted from the entrance: "Who is a Jew here - come out!" In response, they shouted: "We are all Jews here!" - and the audience stood up as one person. Having estimated the balance of forces (there were 60 people in the hall), the skinheads retreated. In the summer of 1998, skins beat Moscow schoolboy Ilya Budraitskis in the metro just for wearing a fashionable T-shirt that reproduced the cover of the disc of the rock band “Rage Against the Machine” with a portrait of Che Guevara. “Oh, you bastard! - shouted the skinheads. - Che Guevara you wear, this damned communist! “Rage Against the Machine” – это тоже коммунисты, у них там негр играет!”

Nazi skins in Russia are getting bolder and more aggressive day by day. In November 1998, a group of Nazi-skins was tried in Arkhangelsk, who in the spring of the same year created an organization that set as their goal the forcible expulsion of all “blacks” from Arkhangelsk. The group had its own form, symbolism (armbands with a swastika) and a flag (black, like that of anarchists), members of the group took the “Aryan oath”. The organization consisted of teenagers from 14 to 18 years old (the leader of the group was 18 years old). In just two weeks, the group carried out over a dozen armed attacks on the “Caucasians” (one of the victims sustained 17 stab and cut wounds). The leaders of the Caucasian communities of Arkhangelsk came to the local militia authorities and warned that if things went on like this, they might not keep their fellow countrymen from riots - after which the Arkhangelsk law enforcement agencies, of course, would “shoot everyone”. The militia authorities found the argument “they will shoot everyone” very convincing - and the entire group with the black flag was quickly identified and arrested. At the trial, however, everyone except the leader got off with suspended sentences (the leader of the group, Zykov, was given 7 years in prison). It is interesting that the court “failed to prove” the fact of the creation of a racist organization.

Another group of skinheads is being held in preliminary detention in Moscow - the so-called cleaners... The group carried out a “mop-up” operation in Moscow from homeless people who “defiled the image of the capital”. Homeless Nazi-skins killed without hesitation and without understanding their nationality. How many people they killed is unknown, since the death of a homeless person usually remains unexplored. So far, the investigation has charged this group of teenage skinheads (aged 16 to 19) with 3 murders and 1 attempted murder. Events in our country are developing in the same way as they were developing in the Czech Republic and Poland. There, too, the Nazi-skins first beat the “blacks” (gypsies), then began to beat the anarchists, and now they beat anyone in general who expresses indignation at their “activities”. But in the Czech Republic, Nazi-skins are opposed by local anarchists, who, unlike ours, are “tough” and are quick to reprisal (one Czech anarchist, who was attacked a year and a half ago in a tavern by skins, simply took out a pistol and shot two skinheads, after which, naturally, thundered into prison). And in Poland, Nazi-skins are opposed by “red-skins”.

In Russia, however, there are practically no “red-skin” s. Small groups of “red-skinned” appeared recently only in Belgorod and Voronezh. Created in 1997 by the efforts of Krasnodar anarchists, the Red Skins group successfully beat local Nazi skins, but by the fall of 1998, due to the “dizziness of success,” it collapsed. There are no other examples.

And the authorities do not fight against Nazi skins. There is no anti-skinhead propaganda either. In recent years, government television has branded miners, Americans, communists, Wahhabis - anyone but fascist skinheads. And in Russian schools, from where educational work was expelled by the Ministry of Education as “the legacy of communist totalitarianism,” the skins are slowly but surely turning into a living legend and local heroes. The impression is that the authorities deliberately fascize teenagers.