The poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road” was written in the summer of 1841, a few days before the duel and death of the poet. Genre: lyrical monologue. Compositionally, it is divided into two parts. The poem begins with a beautiful description of nature - a night landscape. The world depicted here is full of harmony. The landscape is simple and at the same time majestic:
The night is quiet. The desert listens to God
And star speaks to star...
The second part describes the feelings of the lyrical hero. These two parts are opposed, because there is no harmony in a person - he is full of anxiety, torment and even despair:
Why is it so painful and so difficult for me?
Am I waiting for what? Do I regret anything?
But the ending corresponds to the beginning - a harmonious, peaceful picture again appears there and speaks of the lyrical hero’s desire to merge with nature forever. Many of M. Yu. Lermontov’s poems contain motifs of sadness and loneliness: “The Cliff,” “It Stands Lonely in the Wild North,” “Sail,” “It’s Boring, and Sad, and There’s No One to Give a Hand to...”. But this motive is especially noticeable in the poem “I go out alone on the road...”. And the entire poem consists of motifs and symbols that are iconic for Lermontov.
In the first stanza there is a motive of loneliness, wandering. The road here is the hero’s life path, which is predetermined for everyone from above, and on this road every person is alone. The road of the lyrical hero is difficult - “the flinty path.” An alarming motif of the unknown and uncertainty is also noticeable - the hero sees his way “through the fog”. Next, the poet turns to the heavens, the “blue radiance”, and then to another cosmos - to his soul.
The last lines contain the motif of the past and the future. In the future, the lyrical hero would like only “freedom and peace,” which can be found by forgetting and falling asleep. This is how the theme of death is introduced into the poem. But this topic is not developed; it turns out that sleep is not death, but a bright and beautiful dream. And everything in this dream speaks of life, and not of death - a sweet voice singing about love, the quiet breathing of the hero, his sensitive hearing. In addition, the image of a green and mighty oak appears - a symbol of the strength of life and its eternity. The beauty and grace of nature in the first part are emphasized expressive means language.
Lermontov uses metaphors (star speaks to star); personifications (I listen to the desert. Vagu; the earth sleeps). The motive of the hero’s mental discord and loneliness is set by a chain of rhetorical questions: “Why is it so painful and so difficult for me? / Am I waiting for what? Do I regret anything?”; inversion: “I don’t expect anything from life”; exclamatory sentences and anaphora: “I am looking for freedom and peace! / I would like to forget myself and fall asleep! "; “So that the strength of life slumbers in the chest, / So that, breathing, the chest rises quietly.” The author uses assonance (but not that cold sleep of the grave) and alliteration (cherishing my hearing, / A sweet voice sang to me about love; I don’t expect anything from life, / and I don’t regret the past at all). The repetition of hissing sounds gives the story intimacy, imitates quiet speech, a whisper in the night.
The melody and rhythm of the poem are also determined by its caesura (the presence of pauses), which divide the poetic line into two halves: “The night is quiet. // The desert listens to God.” The poem is philosophical in nature, but it does not sound abstract. It is unusually lyrical - everything the poet talks about becomes close to the reader. The poem is written in trochee pentameter, with alternating masculine and feminine rhymes. The rhyme is cross. All this gives smoothness and musicality to the verse. Lermontov's poem attracted the attention of dozens of composers, but the most famous was the romance written in the 19th century by E. S. Shashina.
“I go out alone on the road” is one of the most famous poems by M. Yu. Lermontov. Its significance in the poet’s work was recognized by the author’s contemporaries, but it’s a pity not during Mikhail Yuryevich’s lifetime. To this day, “I’m Coming Out...” attracts with its imagery, depth, brevity and musicality. The latter is worth mentioning separately, because there are more than two dozen romance interpretations of this poem. This work can rightfully be considered key to understanding the author’s work, because it combines the main themes, literary hobbies, and personal experiences of the creator.
M. Yu. Lermontov spent the last months of his life in the Caucasus, in the territory Mineralnye Vody. The poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road” was written during this period, in 1841. The poet took a leave of absence from his service; he wanted to spend as much time as possible in his favorite places. Such data allow us to consider the work to some extent topographical: the image of a road, a “flint path”.
This work was born shortly before the fatal duel with Martynov, which makes many of Lermontov’s admirers think about the poet’s anticipation of his imminent death. The poem was not published during the author’s lifetime, but was published only in 1843. The great critic of that time, V. Belinsky, considered this poem one of the best works of Mikhail Yuryevich.
Genre and size
Lermontov himself did not give a special genre definition to the work “I’m leaving...”, but some motifs of the poem allow it to be classified as specific genres.
You can see the features of elegy here. The meter of the poem is trochee pentameter, but the author gives it an inimitable melodiousness. The second reason to consider this poem an elegy is the motive of searching for peace, perhaps even eternal.
The poem refers to philosophical lyrics, since the author asks a number of rhetorical questions regarding his life and its meaning.
The sincerity with which the poet expresses his monologue gives the poem “I’m leaving...” a confessional character, as if this is the hero’s farewell to the world to which he is enlightening with his last revelation.
This polyphony of genres makes the poem unique, complex and multifaceted, which allows you to read it every time with different intonation and different understandings.
Composition
The poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road” consists of five stanzas numbered by the author. The composition of the work is three-part.
- It begins with a description of the nature surrounding the lyrical hero. The author talks about its extraterrestrial, cosmic essence.
- From the middle of the second stanza, the author changes the pictorial mode to a philosophical one: he wonders about his life, his aspirations.
- The peak of climactic tension occurs in the central – third – stanza: “I don’t expect anything from life.”
- In the last two quatrains there is a denouement, a certain drop in tension. In them, the author indulges in dreams, finds the necessary vector along which his soul wants to move.
Thus, the composition of the work cannot but admire the masterful, incredibly rational and harmonious presentation of thoughts dictated to the poet by inspiration.
Direction
“I Go Out Alone on the Road” is one of the characteristic poems of late romanticism. One might say that here the poet sums up his life path; The work reflected both his literary hobbies and the main themes of the Romantic era. The search for peace, the fading of life, also worries such poets as Heine and Pushkin. For example, Lermontov in the poem “I’m leaving...” enters into a dialogue with one of his favorite poets, G. Heine. The last stanza has a direct reference to the poem “Death is a night, a cool dream,” where the author dreams of a bed with a tree growing above it, and the singing of a young nightingale heard through sleep.
Another romantic feature is the motif of wandering, which Lermontov developed in his poem "". Only the hero is presented differently: he is not a young rebel, but a mature thinker.
The image of a lyrical hero
In the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road,” Lermontov creates the image of a romantic hero. He appears to the reader contemplating harmonious, majestic nature. The world the hero is serene, but what is his inner nature? The narrator does not find peace in his soul. No, he does not suffer from unfulfilled desires or the impossibility of love. This was all characteristic of youthful experiences and early romanticism. Lermontov’s character is not looking for adventures or new worlds, but for “freedom and peace.” This is already an adult, fully formed personality, behind whom there is a lot of life experience, a lot of disappointments, but he now has enough wisdom not to regret the past. The poem speaks of a new stage in his life: he looks at things in a new way, does not strive for the stars, but admires their greatness, wants to comprehend their secret. He dreams of a dream that would remove from his once rebellious soul the accumulation of long years voltage.
Themes
- Wandering. The image of the road that appears from the first lines of the poem can be interpreted as an allegory of the path of life. Where will he lead the wanderer? The unknown torments everyone, but the most important thing is to have a goal in life. Wandering is typical for a romantic hero. Here the character is looking for oblivion, a refuge for his lonely, tired soul.
- Loneliness. A wanderer hero cannot be a happy family man or the “life of the party” - he can only be lonely. But he feels the need for love. Does he believe in her? Do you hope to meet again? Yes, but now this feeling is associated not with passion and excitement, but with affection and peace.
- Nature. The poet uses the epithets “solemn” and “wonderful” for objects associated with nature. He realizes its dignity and greatness, wants to learn from nature so that the same internal balance will be in his soul.
Idea
Lermontov was inspired by the popular thought of the era of romanticism - the closeness of man and nature. Sometimes storms and hurricanes happen, and a person becomes worried and scared. But often in the evening hour there comes an unshakable silence, cloudlessness, when the whole cosmos opens up to the human gaze. Evening: the end of the day - the end of life. The tree in the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road” is an oak - life, its development and continuation. This combination of symbolism makes the reader understand that the hero is aware of the finitude of his path, feels the inevitability of, perhaps, imminent death, but desperately does not want such an outcome: the character dreams of a different kind of peace, but fate is inevitable.
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"I go out alone on the road…"
If only he knew, as in all centuries
Will excite people and touch,
Burn hearts is his line.
Knight of honor, young luminary of reason,
If only I knew that until the days to come
Homeland as the son of the wise-eyed
She will keep it in her chest.
V. Turkin.
A few days before July 15, before the duel and death, Lermontov wrote “I go out alone on the road...”
IN night hour The poet goes out alone to the deserted slope of Mashuk. There is a southern blue night in the sky, and the earth in the foggy blue light. The stars twinkle, their distant rays become brighter, then they go out a little. There, at a height, there is a mysterious conversation.
Peace and quiet, but:
Why is it so painful and so difficult for me?
Am I waiting for what? Do I regret anything?
IN moonlight ahead lay a road covered with small scree of Mashuk rocks - a flint path. The poet walked along it alone:
I don’t expect anything from life...
And I don’t feel sorry for the past at all.
“I go out alone onto the road...”, belonging “to the best creatures Lermontov". The poet is excited by the grandeur of the night, fascinated by the solemn silence and peace spilled in nature. This mood is transmitted to us, the readers. We see the “flint path”, and the “blue radiance”, and bright stars, we feel the solemn silence of the night. This is a hymn to the beauty, harmony of free and powerful nature, which knows no contradictions.
From the night landscape, drowning in a blue glow, the poet’s thought turns to human society, in which passions and emotional anxieties are raging, to his sad thoughts. The poet is “painful and... difficult” because there is no “freedom and peace.” But he loves life with its sufferings and joys, drives away the fleeting thought of death.
Anticipating everything, understanding everything, Lermontov wrote his poem into Odoevsky’s Notebook. It has already told about the fate of an oak leaf, torn from its native branch and carried away by a storm to the distant shore of the Black Sea, where a young plane tree grows, from which the sea wind whispers, in its branches free birds sway and sing their songs; a sad story was told about how she refused to give shelter to a wanderer full of life and happiness of plane tree - a story about life and death.
“The Dream” is also included in this book, and a poem is also included in it about how a cloud spent the night on the chest of a giant rock and in the golden morning rays rushed off early into the distance, playing merrily across the azure, leaving and forgetting the cliff along which it was quiet tears flowed.
Here is the famous “Prophet”.
“I go out alone on the road” is written like a will. The last thing that the poet conveys to his descendants is that he did not renounce either vision or responsibility. Lermontov knew at what price his poetry would go down in history.
The poem most fully reflected the features of Lermontov's lyrics and his writing techniques. The poet's gaze is focused not so much on the external world as on the emotional experiences of a person. It reveals the struggle of conflicting thoughts and drives. The genre of the work is a lyrical monologue, sincere confession, asking yourself questions and answering them: “Why is it so painful and so difficult for me? Am I waiting for what? Do I regret anything? The poet deeply and subtly reveals the psychology of the lyrical hero, his instant moods and experiences.
The composition of the poem is divided into two parts. In the first there is a magnificent landscape. Amazing metaphors depicting the beauty and quiet enchantment of the southern night: (“a star speaks to a star”; “the desert listens to God”). Starting from the third stanza, the author turns to his thoughts and anxious thoughts. The confusion of his soul is very figuratively conveyed by exclamatory sentences and omissions. Everything is directed towards the future, towards a dream. The frequent repetition of the pronoun “I” and the conjunction “so that” gives the narrative a conditional subjunctive. In this part, nouns predominate; a special semantic emphasis falls on them: “past”, “life”, “peace”, “freedom”, “sleep”, “strength”.
The poem is written in trochee pentameter with alternating feminine and masculine rhyme. The rhyme is cross. The stanzas are clear quatrains. All this gives a special melody and smoothness to the verse. The use of sound recording techniques (frequent repetition of hissing sounds) gives the story intimacy, imitating quiet speech, a whisper in the night.
At the end of the poem, the image of a giant oak tree appears - a symbol eternal life and power. It is this image that attracts the poet’s attention and warms his troubled soul. He gives hope for immortality. The poet would like to erect such a living monument over his last refuge:
So that all night, all day my hearing is cherished,
A sweet voice sang to me about love,
Above me so that, forever green,
The dark oak bowed and made noise.
And such a huge oak grows in Tarkhany, on small homeland poet. Every year, on Memorial Day, thousands of people come here to venerate the ashes of the great Russian genius. And the oak leaves rustle over the Tarkhan paths, over the lake, like an eternal guardian of sad places. The poets are composing poems here again:
If he had known at the moment of his mortal wound,
If he knew, falling in blood,
That the spring of his destiny is Tarkhany
They will become the pulse of sorrow and love,
A place where, bowing in strict silence,
There will be people from capitals and villages
Listen to the star road,
Along which Lermontov walked.
V. Turkin.
Tasks and tests on the topic "Analysis of the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov “I go out alone on the road” (Perception, interpretation, evaluation.)"
- The basis of the word. Analysis of words by composition. Analysis of the word composition model and selection of words according to these models - Word composition 3rd grade
Lessons: 1 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1
Lermontov's late lyrics are filled with the deepest feeling of loneliness. Almost every line sounds the lyrical hero’s desire to finally find a kindred soul, to know him. The poem “I go out alone on the road” is one of the most recent. Its author wrote it already in 1841, on the eve of his death.
An analysis of the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road” should be carried out in the context of Lermontov’s entire work, because, in essence, his lyrics are an expanded poetic diary.
Plan
To analyze any poetic text, you need to follow the plan. First, you should determine the theme and idea of the work. Secondly, you need to pay attention to the history of the creation of the text, a dedication to someone. You also need to determine the genre and other formal features, such as meter, rhyme, and rhythm. The penultimate stage is the search and characterization of the style and language of the work. And in the final part of the analysis, you should express your attitude to the text, describe what feelings and emotions it evokes. the poem “I go out alone on the road” should be written in the form of a composition or an essay, and not just listed characteristics text point by point.
Theme and idea of the work
The poem belongs to the category. Its theme is human life, its meaning. In the center of the image are the emotional experiences of the lyrical hero. He asks himself questions about the life he has lived, about what was bad and good, what still awaits him. The idea of the poem is that a lonely person, such as the lyrical hero, finds peace only when he connects with nature. His cherished dream- to find peace in which life would be hidden in all its colors and manifestations.
Genre features and other characteristics of the text
An analysis of the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road” confirms that it belongs to the poem. Its meditative character brings it somewhat closer to elegy. The lines of the work sound smooth and melodic. The poetic meter chosen by Lermontov is trochee pentameter. Long lines give the text a special sound. In each stanza the author uses alternating masculine and feminine.
Semantic analysis of the poem “I go out alone on the road” (briefly). Means of artistic expression
Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov provides extensive fields for analysis, because it is full of meanings and symbols, the language of the work is very original, rich and rich in means of poetic expressiveness.
First stanza
In the first stanza of the text, the motif of loneliness immediately begins to sound clearly. The numeral “one” is found in many of the poet’s poems, and it is intended to show that on Earth, besides himself, there is no one else, no kindred spirit. The last two lines of this stanza sound very beautiful, showing that, unlike the soul of the lyrical hero, beauty and harmony reign in the world. If in the poet’s early lyrics there was no harmony even in nature, now the world appears before him (and the reader) as a single whole. The moon illuminates his path, the earth sleeps in the radiance of the heavens, and the stars communicate with each other. In order to enhance the effect of what has been said, the author uses a vivid personification: “The desert listens to God / And star speaks to star.” The image of the desert that appears at the beginning of the work is significant. The world is huge, and it is open to the hero.
Second stanza
In the second stanza, the lyrical hero draws a parallel between his feelings and what is happening in the world. Again the personification of nature: “The earth is sleeping.” The harmony of nature, its balance are opposed to what is in the poet’s soul. No, there is no storm there, as there was in the early lyrics. Now it is as calm there as in the natural world around him, but it is “painful and difficult” for him. Rhetorical questions addressed to oneself enhance the psychological component of the poem. An analysis of the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road” by Lermontov confirms that the later lyrics are much more tragic than the youthful ones. After all, the hero does not challenge society and the world, he simply begins to realize that he does not expect anything more from life. It is the image of the road that prompts thoughts about his past and future for the lyrical hero.
Third stanza
Here the poet is completely immersed in his “I”. It is very important to follow the composition of the work, changes in mood, and the movement of the poet’s thoughts. Therefore, it is better to carry out a verse-by-strophe analysis of the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road.” Lermontov in the third stanza of his work again turns to himself; many parallels can be drawn with the poet’s earlier poems. Expecting nothing, not regretting the past, he finally wants peace. But in his early work, the lyrical hero desired a “storm”, trying to find calm in it. What has changed now? Almost nothing, but we learn about this only in the fourth stanza. In the meantime, the poet’s freedom appears only as oblivion and sleep.
Fourth stanza
Here the author gives an idea of what an ideal existence is for him. Lermontov skillfully focuses on his requirements for “sleep” by using anaphora in the last lines. Analysis of the poem “I go out alone on the road” (namely the fourth stanza) proves that only minor changes have occurred in the poet.
Fifth stanza
The finale of the work completes the picture of an ideal existence for the poet. All around him is peaceful nature, and he hears a pleasant voice singing to him about love. This is what Lermontov lacked throughout his life. Peace, in which there would be both movement and life itself in its main manifestation - love. With these words we can complete the analysis of the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road.” Lermontov was able to fit into a few stanzas the results of his entire poetic creativity and express his ideas about an ideal life. Nature, love, poetry - all of this for the author was a necessary component of life (this is what makes him in common with Pushkin).
Analysis of the poem “I go out alone on the road” by M.Yu. Lermontov’s work would not be complete without mentioning that the work contains stunning pictures of nature, deep philosophical thoughts, and a stylistically precise poetic language.
In many of Lermontov’s poems - “The Cliff”, “It Stands Lonely in the Wild North”, “Sail”, “It’s Boring, and Sad, and There’s No One to Give a Hand...” - there are motifs of sadness and loneliness. But this motif is especially noticeable in the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road.”
Before the poet left for Pyatigorsk, V.F. Odoevsky gave him a notebook with the wish to write it all down. After Lermontov’s death, this book was discovered, among other poems there was “I Go Out Alone on the Road.”
From the very beginning, the poet’s tone amazes with its sublimity, even some kind of solemnity. It opens to our eyes night landscape, simple - and at the same time majestic.
I go out alone on the road;
Through the fog the flinty path shines;
The night is quiet. The desert listens to God,
And star speaks to star.
This sublime intonation of the poet hints at the deep meaning of this landscape. The road here is also the hero’s life path, the path that is predetermined from above and on which each of us is alone. Everyone has their own destiny, and only the person himself can fulfill what is destined for him. And already in the first quatrain, a still barely noticeable alarming, disturbing motif of the unknown, uncertainty arises: the hero sees his “path” “through the fog”, his life’s road is difficult (“the flinty path”).
Then this motive in the poem grows, begins to sound clearer and more definite: silence and peace reign in nature, but in the soul of the lyrical hero there is chaos, vague, unclear melancholy. He is “hurt” and “difficult,” but in his feelings and thoughts there is still the same uncertainty, “fog,” the hero cannot understand the reasons for his condition:
It’s solemn and wonderful in heaven!
The earth sleeps in a blue glow...
Why is it so painful and so difficult for me?
Am I waiting for what? Do I regret anything?
He associates his feelings with regrets about the past (“Do I regret anything?”) and an anxious premonition of the future (“Am I waiting for what?”). The life of the lyrical hero, as it were, focuses this living connection of times in the form of his feelings. The hero’s mind breaks this temporary connection:
I don't expect anything from life,
And I don’t regret the past at all;
I'm looking for freedom and peace!
I would like to forget myself and fall asleep!
The lyrical hero wants to escape reality into the world of “freedom and peace.” He would like to “forget himself and fall asleep.” Here the motif of oblivion, which runs through all of Lermontov’s work, seems very important. As D. P. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky notes, like Pechorin, who “does not forget anything and is always under the yoke of his past,” the poet also “remembers everything,” and everything he experienced resonates so painfully in his soul that he sees no other peace , as soon as in death."
However, in the poem “I Go Out Alone on the Road,” this motif does not merge with the motif of death. The dream here does not cause us associations with death, it is not the “cold sleep of the grave.” On the contrary, life in him seems stronger, more powerful and joyful than in the hero’s real life:
But not that cold sleep of the grave...
I would like to sleep like this forever,
So that the strength of life slumbers in the chest,
So that, breathing, your chest rises quietly;
So that all night, all day, cherishing my hearing,
Above me so that, forever green,
The dark oak bowed and made noise.
This image of the ever-greening mighty oak tree is especially significant here. Oak is a symbol of the strength of life, its eternity and inviolability. Everything in this dream speaks of life, and not of death: the “sweet voice” singing about love, and the quiet breathing of the hero, and his sensitive hearing. Here the hero is full of strength, energy, inspiration, there is no longer a tragic discord of feelings in his soul. At the beginning of the poem, he strives to “get away from life”; at the end, “life catches up with him”, and he trusts it.
Compositionally, the poem, written in trochee pentameter, is divided into two parts. The first part is a landscape, the second part is a description of the feelings of the lyrical hero. These parts are opposed. However, the ending of the poem corresponds to its beginning - there a harmonious, peaceful picture of nature again appears, and the sharpness of the contrast softens. The ending thus completes the circle here.
The beauty and grace that reign in nature in the first part are emphasized by epithets and metaphors (“the night is silent”, “the earth sleeps in a blue radiance”), and “lofty” vocabulary (“the desert listens to God”). At the same time, another epithet already here sets the motive for the hero’s spiritual disharmony - “the flint path” recalls the difficulties of life’s path. In the second part, the hero’s feelings are emphasized by an epithet (“the cold sleep of the grave”), rhetorical questions (“Why is it so painful and so difficult for me? Am I waiting for something? Do I regret anything?”), inversion (“I don’t expect anything from life anymore.” "), anaphora ("I am looking for freedom and peace! I would like to forget myself and fall asleep!", "So that the strength of life slumbers in my chest, So that, breathing, my chest heaves quietly"), exclamatory sentences ("I am looking for freedom and peace!" ).
The melodiousness of the poem is facilitated by alliteration (“So that all night, all day, cherishing my ears, A sweet voice would sing to me about love”) and assonance (“But not that cold sleep of the grave”). The melody and rhythm of the poem are also determined by its caesura (the presence of pauses), which divide the poetic line into two halves (“The night is quiet. // The desert listens to God”). The poem was set to music and became a famous romance.
Thus, the lyrical hero finds the desired oblivion in the natural world. And this is a feature characteristic of many of the poet’s works. Lermontov “turned to nature in the same way as to the living principle, looking for in it an answer to troubling questions your spirit or self-compassion in moments thrill and heartache."
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