Explanation.
If Moscow:
Remember the most important events in the history of your region or settlement and complete the task.
Name one any historical event (phenomenon, process) that occurred in your region.
What was the significance of the event (phenomenon, process) you indicated for your region, or settlement, or our country, or the world as a whole?
Explanation.
Remember the most important events in the history of your region or settlement and complete the task.
Name one any historical event (phenomenon, process) that occurred in your region.
What was the significance of the event (phenomenon, process) you indicated for your region, or settlement, or our country, or the world as a whole?
Explanation.
If the Pskov or Novgorod region:
1242 The Battle on the Ice. Thanks to the defeat of the Russian troops under the command of Alexander Nevsky of the crusaders, the aggression of the crusaders weakened, the northwestern lands retained independence and freedom, raised the morale of the entire Russian people.
Remember the most important events in the history of your region or settlement and complete the task.
Name one any historical event (phenomenon, process) that occurred in your region.
What was the significance of the event (phenomenon, process) you indicated for your region, or settlement, or our country, or the world as a whole?
Explanation.
If the Pskov or Novgorod region:
1242 The Battle on the Ice. Thanks to the defeat of the Russian troops under the command of Alexander Nevsky of the crusaders, the aggression of the crusaders weakened, the northwestern lands retained independence and freedom, raised the morale of the entire Russian people.
Remember the most important events in the history of your region or settlement and complete the task.
Name one any historical event (phenomenon, process) that occurred in your region.
What was the significance of the event (phenomenon, process) you indicated for your region, or settlement, or our country, or the world as a whole?
Explanation.
If the Pskov or Novgorod region:
1242 The Battle on the Ice. Thanks to the defeat of the Russian troops under the command of Alexander Nevsky of the crusaders, the aggression of the crusaders weakened, the northwestern lands retained independence and freedom, raised the morale of the entire Russian people.
Remember the most important events in the history of your region or settlement and complete the task.
Name one any historical event (phenomenon, process) that occurred in your region.
What was the significance of the event (phenomenon, process) you indicated for your region, or settlement, or our country, or the world as a whole?
Explanation.
If the Pskov or Novgorod region:
1242 The Battle on the Ice. Thanks to the defeat of the Russian troops under the command of Alexander Nevsky of the crusaders, the aggression of the crusaders weakened, the northwestern lands retained independence and freedom, raised the morale of the entire Russian people.
Remember the most important events in the history of your region or settlement and complete the task.
Name one any historical event (phenomenon, process) that occurred in your region.
What was the significance of the event (phenomenon, process) you indicated for your region, or settlement, or our country, or the world as a whole?
Explanation.
If the Pskov or Novgorod region:
1242 The Battle on the Ice. Thanks to the defeat of the Russian troops under the command of Alexander Nevsky of the crusaders, the aggression of the crusaders weakened, the northwestern lands retained independence and freedom, raised the morale of the entire Russian people.
Remember the most important events in the history of your region or settlement and complete the task.
Name one any historical event (phenomenon, process) that occurred in your region.
What was the significance of the event (phenomenon, process) you indicated for your region, or settlement, or our country, or the world as a whole?
Explanation.
If the Pskov or Novgorod region:
1242 The Battle on the Ice. Thanks to the defeat of the Russian troops under the command of Alexander Nevsky of the crusaders, the aggression of the crusaders weakened, the northwestern lands retained independence and freedom, raised the morale of the entire Russian people.
Remember the most important events in the history of your region or settlement and complete the task.
Name one any historical event (phenomenon, process) that occurred in your region.
What was the significance of the event (phenomenon, process) you indicated for your region, or settlement, or our country, or the world as a whole?
Explanation.
If Moscow:
1147 the first mention of Moscow under Prince Yuri Dolgorukov, later Moscow became the capital of the principality, then united the Russian lands to fight the Horde and became the capital of the Russian state.
Remember the most important events in the history of your region or settlement and complete the task.
Name one any historical event (phenomenon, process) that occurred in your region.
What was the significance of the event (phenomenon, process) you indicated for your region, or settlement, or our country, or the world as a whole?
Explanation.
Remember the most important events in the history of your region or settlement and complete the task.
Name one any historical event (phenomenon, process) that occurred in your region.
What was the significance of the event (phenomenon, process) you indicated for your region, or settlement, or our country, or the world as a whole?
Explanation.
If St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region:
1240 Battle of the Neva. The victory of Alexander Yaroslavich over the Swedes stopped their advance into the northwestern lands of Russia, raised the fighting spirit of the Russian people, instilled in him confidence in his strength.
Remember the most important events in the history of your region or settlement and complete the task.
Name one any historical event (phenomenon, process) that occurred in your region.
What was the significance of the event (phenomenon, process) you indicated for your region, or settlement, or our country, or the world as a whole?
Explanation.
If St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region:
1240 Battle of the Neva. The victory of Alexander Yaroslavich over the Swedes stopped their advance into the northwestern lands of Russia, raised the fighting spirit of the Russian people, instilled in him confidence in his strength.
Remember the most important events in the history of your region or settlement and complete the task.
Name one any historical event (phenomenon, process) that occurred in your region.
What was the significance of the event (phenomenon, process) you indicated for your region, or settlement, or our country, or the world as a whole?
Explanation.
If St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region:
1240 Battle of the Neva. The victory of Alexander Yaroslavich over the Swedes stopped their advance into the northwestern lands of Russia, raised the fighting spirit of the Russian people, instilled in him confidence in his strength.
Remember the most important events in the history of your region or settlement and complete the task.
Name one any historical event (phenomenon, process) that occurred in your region.
What was the significance of the event (phenomenon, process) you indicated for your region, or settlement, or our country, or the world as a whole?
965 - Defeat of the Khazar Kaganate the army of the Kiev prince Svyatoslav Igorevich.
988 g - Baptism of Russia... Kievan Rus adopts Orthodox Christianity.
1223 - Battle of Kalka- the first battle between the Russians and the Mughals.
1240 - Battle of the Neva- military conflict between the Russians, led by the Novgorod prince Alexander and the Swedes.
1242 - Battle of Lake Peipsi- a battle between the Russians led by Alexander Nevsky and the knights of the Livonian Order. This battle went down in history as the "Battle on the Ice".
1380 - Battle of Kulikovo- a battle between the united army of the Russian principalities led by Dmitry Donskoy and the army of the Golden Horde led by Mamai.
1466 - 1472 - the journey of Afanasy Nikitin to Persia, India and Turkey.
1480 - Final deliverance of Russia from the Mongol-Tatar yoke.
1552 - Capture of Kazan by the Russian troops of Ivan the Terrible, the termination of the existence of the Kazan Khanate and its incorporation into Moscow Russia.
1556 - Accession of the Astrakhan Khanate to Moskva Rus.
1558 - 1583 - Livonian war... The war of the Russian kingdom against the Livonian order and the subsequent conflict between the Russian kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Poland and Sweden.
1581 (or 1582) - 1585 - Ermak's campaigns to Siberia and battles with the Tatars.
1589 - Establishment of the Patriarchate in Russia.
1604 - The invasion of False Dmitry I into Russia... The beginning of the Time of Troubles.
1606 - 1607 - Bolotnikov's uprising.
1612 - Liberation of Moscow from the Poles by the people's militia of Minin and Pozharsky End of the Time of Troubles.
1613 - The coming to power in Russia of the Romanov dynasty.
1654 - Pereyaslavl Rada made a decision on reunification of Ukraine with Russia.
1667 - Andrusov armistice between Russia and Poland. Left-bank Ukraine and Smolensk ceded to Russia.
1686 - "Eternal Peace" with Poland. Russia's entry into the anti-Turkish coalition.
1700 - 1721 - North War- hostilities between Russia and Sweden.
1783 - Accession of Crimea to the Russian Empire.
1803 - Decree on free farmers... The peasants received the right to buy themselves from the land.
1812 - Battle of borodino- a battle between the Russian army led by Kutuzov and the French troops under the command of Napoleon.
1814 - The capture of Paris by the Russian and allied forces.
1817 - 1864 - Caucasian war.
1825 - Decembrist revolt- an armed anti-government revolt by the officers of the Russian army.
1825 - built first railway in Russia.
1853 - 1856 - Crimean War... In this military conflict, the Russian Empire was opposed by England, France and the Ottoman Empire.
1861 - Abolition of serfdom in Russia.
1877 - 1878 - Russo-Turkish war
1914 - The beginning of the first world war and the entry of the Russian Empire into it.
1917 - Revolution in Russia(February and October). In February, after the fall of the monarchy, power passed to the Provisional Government. In October, the Bolsheviks came to power through a coup.
1918 - 1922 - Russian Civil War... It ended with the victory of the Reds (Bolsheviks) and the creation of the Soviet state.
* Individual outbreaks of the civil war began in the fall of 1917.
1941 - 1945 - War between the USSR and Germany... This confrontation took place within the framework of the Second World War.
1949 - Creation and testing of the first atomic bomb in the USSR.
1961 - The first manned flight into space... It was Yuri Gagarin from the USSR.
1991 - The collapse of the USSR and the fall of socialism.
1993 - Adoption of a consituation by the Russian Federation.
2008 - Armed conflict between Russia and Georgia.
2014 - Return of Crimea to Russia.
The history of Russia is very diverse, controversial and fascinating. This country has existed for hundreds of years and has made a significant contribution to the development of world history. Russia has experienced a lot of crashes and falls, but it always got up from its knees and moved on to a brighter future. Countless attempts to capture it have been crowned with loud failures, no one will ever be able to conquer this great power. The people steadfastly stood for their independence and freedom, and no one bowed his head before the masters and invaders. So today Russia is the leading country in the world in many different directions. This is astronautics, mechanical engineering and much more.
The twentieth century was marked for Russia and a number of other countries by terrible and bloody wars, which unfortunately claimed millions of human lives. After the end of the Second World War, Russia, as part of the USSR, continued its rapid development in absolutely all sectors, so it was until the collapse of this great and indestructible power. A decade has passed, a very difficult decade, and now Russia is again zealously striving forward, towards a bright and carefree future. What awaits her in the future? Everything depends on the Russian people, who have always amazed the whole world with their steadfastness and steadfastness.
1861 February 19 - abolition of serfdom
A significant date for the entire Russian people, from now on the country was free from the shackles of slavery. This year began a new stage in Russian history. The internecine wars were over. A truly strong and wise empress ascended the throne, who managed to lift Russia from her knees and achieve her greatness and respect in Europe.
1905-1907 - the first Russian revolution
The bloody revolution was crowned with failure. The autocracy was not overthrown and the tsar remained on the throne. During the period of the first revolution, the main revolutionaries of one thousand nine hundred and seventeen took part. This young generation of rebels and reformers tried in every possible way to change the political system that reigned in Russia for many centuries.
1914, August 1 - Russia's entry into World War I
It is impossible not to touch upon this event. The first imperialist war in history ended with monstrous human losses in the first place. As a result of this war, the leading world empires collapsed - the Ottoman, German, German. Russia was going through a great revolution in parallel with the war. This period was extremely difficult for the country, but in the end we all know that the most powerful state on the planet was formed.
1917, February 27 - uprising in Petrograd
1917, February 27 - an armed uprising in Petrograd (the transfer of soldiers of the Petrograd garrison to the side of the insurgent population).
These years were marked by the formation of the Provisional Committee of the State Duma and the election of the Petrograd Soviet. Victory unanimously in the elections to the Petrosovet of Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks. A new stage in the history of the Great Power.
1918, March 3 - signing of the Brest Peace Treaty
From now on, Russia left the battlefield. There was now an urgent need to end the outbreak of civil war and bring the country's economy to growth. After the signing of the treaty, one of the stones oppressing Russia fell asleep.
The great power got on its feet and smoothly began to move along the side of development. The civil war was completely over. The USSR headed for a bright future. The economy began to grow gradually, and the wounds from the civil war began to gradually heal.
1941, June 22 - 1945, May 9 - Great Patriotic War
The worst war in the history of mankind began on this wonderful summer and carefree day. For four long years, the people fiercely fought against the German fascist invaders who treacherously invaded the territory of the USSR.
1945, May 8-9 - the surrender of Nazi Germany, Victory Day
May 9 - Victory Day. Victory Day! It was this holiday that was forever imprinted in the memory of absolutely every young and adult resident of this great country. At the cost of millions of lives, the country gained such a desired victory over a bloodthirsty enemy. Now the USSR has proved that it is worth something!
1956, February - XX Congress of the CPSU
The congress was marked by the world-famous “dispelling the personality cult of Stalin.” Nikita Khrushchev literally shocked everyone present with his fiery speech. This is a new stage in the history of Russia and the entire USSR. This so-called thaw period has left its mark forever.
1991, December 8 - signing of the Belovezhskaya agreement
1991, December 8 - signing by Boris N. Yeltsin (RSFSR), L. M. Kravchuk (Ukraine), S. S. Shushkevich (Belarus) of the Belovezhsky agreement on the dissolution of the USSR.
So the end has come to a great and powerful power. Seventy years of existence did not remain unnoticed. Russia again became the rightful successor of the USSR. Again, wars, enmity, political and economic crises. All this accompanied the country throughout the difficult nineties against the background of total devastation, the war in Chechnya and much more.
year 2000
Election of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin. A fundamentally new period in the history of Russia. The new head of state was able to lead the country out of a long-term crisis, from almost ruin. The country's economy was raised several times, the armed forces became powerful again. Various space programs were re-deployed, the country moved forward again! Now everything depends on the people of Russia, their fate belongs to them and to no one else!
The development of world history has not been linear. At each of its stages there were events and periods that can be called “turning points”. They changed both geopolitics and people's worldview.
1. Neolithic revolution (10 thousand years BC - 2 thousand BC)
The term "Neolithic Revolution" was introduced in 1949 by the English archaeologist Gordon Child. Child called its main content the transition from an appropriating economy (hunting, gathering, fishing) to a producing economy (agriculture and cattle breeding). According to archeology, the domestication of animals and plants took place at different times independently in 7-8 regions. The earliest center of the Neolithic revolution is the Middle East, where domestication began no later than 10 thousand years BC.
2. Creation of the Mediterranean civilization (4 thousand BC)
The Mediterranean region was the home of the first civilizations. The emergence of the Sumerian civilization in Mesopotamia is attributed to the 4th millennium BC. NS. In the same 4th millennium BC. NS. The Egyptian pharaohs united the lands in the Nile Valley, and their civilization expanded rapidly through the Fertile Crescent to the eastern Mediterranean coast and beyond across the Levant. This made Mediterranean countries such as Egypt, Syria and Lebanon part of the cradle of civilization.
3. Great migration of peoples (IV-VII centuries)
The Great Migration of Nations became a turning point in history, which determined the transition from antiquity to the Middle Ages. Scientists still argue about the reasons for the Great Migration, but its consequences turned out to be global.
Numerous Germanic (Franks, Lombards, Saxons, Vandals, Goths) and Sarmatian (Alans) tribes moved to the territory of the weakening Roman Empire. The Slavs reached the Mediterranean and Baltic coasts, settled part of the Peloponnese and Asia Minor. The Turks reached Central Europe, the Arabs began campaigns of conquest, during which they conquered the entire Middle East to the Indus, North Africa and Spain.
4. The fall of the Roman Empire (V century)
Two powerful blows - in 410 the Visigoths and in 476 the Germans - crushed the seemingly eternal Roman Empire. This jeopardized the achievements of ancient European civilization. The crisis of Ancient Rome did not come suddenly, but for a long time ripened from within. The military and political decline of the empire, which began in the third century, gradually led to a weakening of the centralized power: it could no longer rule the sprawling and multinational empire. The ancient state was replaced by feudal Europe with its new organizing center - the "Holy Roman Empire". Europe for several centuries plunged into the abyss of turmoil and discord.
5. The split of the church (1054)
In 1054, the final split of the Christian Church into Eastern and Western took place. It was caused by the desire of Pope Leo IX to receive territories that were subordinate to Patriarch Michael Kerullarius. The result of the dispute was mutual church curses (anathemas) and public accusations of heresy. The western church was called the Roman Catholic (Roman world church), and the eastern - Orthodox. The path to the Schism was long (almost six centuries) and began with the so-called Akakiev schism in 484.
6. Little Ice Age (1312-1791)
The beginning of the Little Ice Age, which began in 1312, led to a whole ecological catastrophe. According to experts, during the period from 1315 to 1317 due to the Great Famine in Europe, almost a quarter of the population died out. Hunger was a constant companion of people throughout the Little Ice Age. Between 1371 and 1791, there were 111 hunger years in France alone. In 1601 alone, half a million inhabitants died of hunger in Russia due to poor harvests.
However, the Little Ice Age gave the world more than hunger and high mortality. He also became one of the reasons for the birth of capitalism. Coal became the energy source. For its production and transportation, workshops with hired workers began to be organized, which became a foreshadowing of the scientific and technological revolution and the birth of a new formation of social organization - capitalism. Some researchers (Margaret Anderson) also associate the settlement of America with the consequences of the Little Ice Age - people went for a better life from "Forsaken by God" Europe.
7. The era of the great geographical discoveries (XV-XVII centuries)
The era of the great geographical discoveries radically expanded the ecumene of mankind. In addition, it created an opportunity for the leading European powers to make the most of their overseas colonies, exploiting their human and natural resources and extracting fabulous profits from this. Some scholars also directly associate the triumph of capitalism with transatlantic trade, which gave rise to commercial and financial capital.
8. Reformation (XVI-XVII centuries)
The beginning of the Reformation is considered to be the speech of Martin Luther, Doctor of Theology of the University of Wittenberg: on October 31, 1517, he nailed his "95 Theses" to the doors of the Wittenberg Castle Church. In them, he opposed the existing abuses of the Catholic Church, in particular against the sale of indulgences.
The reformation process gave rise to many so-called Protestant wars, which seriously influenced the political structure of Europe. Historians consider the signing of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 to be the end of the Reformation.
9. Great French Revolution (1789-1799)
The outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 not only transformed France from a monarchy into a republic, but also summed up the collapse of the old European order. Its slogan: "Freedom, equality, brotherhood" for a long time excited the minds of revolutionaries. The French Revolution not only laid the foundations for the democratization of European society - it appeared as a cruel machine of senseless terror, which killed about 2 million people.
10. Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)
The irrepressible imperial ambitions of Napoleon plunged Europe into chaos for 15 years. It all started with the invasion of Italy by French troops and ended with an inglorious defeat in Russia. Being a talented commander, Napoleon, nevertheless, did not disdain the threats and intrigues with which he subdued Spain and Holland, and also convinced Prussia to join the union, but then unceremoniously betrayed her interests.
During the Napoleonic Wars, the Kingdom of Italy, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and a number of other small territorial entities appeared on the map. The final plans of the commander were the division of Europe between two emperors - himself and Alexander I, as well as the overthrow of Britain. But the inconsistent Napoleon himself changed his plans. The defeat in 1812 by Russia led to the collapse of Napoleonic plans in the rest of Europe. The Paris Peace Treaty (1814) returned France to its former 1792 borders.
11. Industrial Revolution (XVII-XIX centuries)
The Industrial Revolution in Europe and the United States made it possible for only 3-5 generations to pass from an agrarian society to an industrial one. The conventional beginning of this process is considered to be the invention of the steam engine in England in the second half of the 17th century. Over time, steam engines began to be used in production, and then as a driving mechanism for steam locomotives and steamers.
The main achievements of the era of the Industrial Revolution can be considered the mechanization of labor, the invention of the first conveyors, machine tools, and the telegraph. The emergence of railways was a huge step.
The Second World War was fought in 40 countries, and 72 states took part in it. According to some estimates, 65 million people died in it. The war significantly weakened Europe's position in global politics and economy and led to the creation of a bipolar system in world geopolitics. Some countries during the war were able to achieve independence: Ethiopia, Iceland, Syria, Lebanon, Vietnam, Indonesia. In the countries of Eastern Europe, occupied by Soviet troops, socialist regimes were established. The Second World War also led to the creation of the UN.
14. Scientific and technological revolution (mid XX century)
The scientific and technological revolution, the onset of which is usually attributed to the middle of the last century, made it possible to automate production, entrusting the control and management of production processes to electronics. The role of information has significantly increased, which also allows us to talk about the information revolution. With the advent of rocket and space technology, human exploration of near-earth space began.
The history of the Russian state has more than 12 centuries. Over the centuries, events have taken place that have become critical on the scale of a huge country. Top 10 important dates in the history of Russia collected in our top ten today.
Of course, such a list cannot be called exhaustive - in the richest Russian history there are more than one hundred significant days. However, we propose to start small and turn to the current ten.
September 8, 1380 - Battle of Kulikovo (Don or Mamaevo battle)
This battle between the army of Dmitry Donskoy and the army of Mamai is considered a turning point in more than two hundred years of the Tatar-Mongol yoke. A crushing defeat dealt a blow to the military and political dominance of the Horde. According to legend, the battle was preceded by a duel between the Russian hero Peresvet and the Pecheneg Chelubey.
November 24, 1480 - The fall of the Tatar-Mongol yoke
The Mongol yoke was established in Russia in 1243 and remained unshakable for 237 years. At the end of November 1480, the Great Standing on the Ugra River ended, marking the victory of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III over the Khan of the Great Horde Akhmat.
October 26, 1612 - Liberation of the Kremlin from the invaders
On this day, members of the people's militia led by the legendary Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin liberate the Kremlin from the Polish-Swedish invaders. Among those who left the Kremlin was the nun Martha with her son Mikhail Romanov, who in 1613 was proclaimed the new Russian sovereign.
June 27, 1709 - Battle of Poltava
The largest battle of the Northern War ended in a decisive victory for the Russian army. From that moment on, the authority of Sweden as one of the leading military powers in Europe was done away with. But the whole world was shown the power of the renewed Russian army.
August 26, 1812 - Battle of Borodino
The largest battle of the Patriotic War lasted 12 hours. Both armies lost 25-30% of their strength. The battle was conceived by Napoleon as a general battle, and the goal was the crushing defeat of the Russian army. However, the battle ended ingloriously for the French, despite the retreat of the Russians, and marked the beginning of the end of the Napoleonic campaign.
February 19, 1861 - abolition of Russian serfdom
The freedom of the peasants was enshrined in the manifesto of Emperor Alexander II, who was popularly called the Liberator. By the time the manifesto was published, the share of serfs in the population of Russia was about 37%.
February 27, 1917 - February Revolution
An armed uprising in February 1917 led to the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II. It is these events that are considered the beginning of the Soviet period in the history of Russia. For the next 74 years, a new form of government was established in the state.
May 9, 1945 - Signing of the German Unconditional Surrender Act
The day of the end of the Great Patriotic War was declared a national holiday in 1945. Despite the fact that the first victory parade was held in the capital on Red Square on June 24, 1945, Russians celebrate Victory Day on May 9.
April 12, 1961 - Yuri Gagarin's flight into space
The first manned flight into space became not only the most important event in the scientific world, but also significantly strengthened the prestige of the USSR as a military space power. In the eyes of the whole world, the authority of the Americans was undermined, space flight became decisive for a number of states, which hesitated in their sympathies between the Union and the United States.
December 8, 1991 - Signing of the Agreement on the Establishment of the CIS (Belovezhsky Agreement)
The agreement was signed by three leaders: Boris Yeltsin, Stanislav Shushkevich and Leonid Kravchuk. This event can be considered the date of the final collapse of the USSR. By the end of 1991, the Russian Federation was recognized by the world community and took the place of the USSR in the UN. It can be considered that from this moment the history of modern Russia began.
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