More and more companies are purchasing goods abroad and subsequently selling them on the domestic market of the Russian Federation. Therefore, issues of accounting and tax accounting for the import of goods do not lose their relevance. Main issues of import of goods in 2018/2019 Let's look at it in our article.

How is the cost of imported goods determined?

As you know, goods are accepted for accounting at actual cost (clause 5 of PBU 5/01). It is important to note that when importing goods, as a rule, additional costs arise in the form of customs duties, fees, and other payments paid to intermediaries for customs clearance of goods. All these expenses are also included in the cost of imported goods (clause 6 of PBU 5/01).

No less important is correct definition the accounting value of goods under an agreement with a foreign supplier, i.e. recalculation into rubles of the cost of goods expressed in foreign currency. Let us remind you that the cost of goods is reflected in rubles at the rate in effect on the date of their acceptance for accounting (clause 6, clause 9 of PBU 3/2006). If goods are purchased against a previously transferred prepayment to the supplier, the cost of the goods is fixed at the rate in effect on the date of the prepayment, and in the part not covered by the prepayment - at the rate at which the goods are accepted for registration. Read a separate article about the peculiarities of forming a ruble valuation of purchased assets under contracts in foreign currency, including on account.

Tax accounting for import of goods

The procedure for forming the actual cost of imported goods in tax accounting is similar to that discussed above. At the same time, it is advisable for the organization to fix the specific composition of expenses taken into account in the cost of purchased goods in accounting policy for tax purposes (clause 3, clause 1, article 268 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Accounting for import of goods: example in postings

On December 5, 2018, the organization purchased a consignment of goods with a contract value of $10,000. Title to the goods transferred on the same day. The customs fee is 15,000 rubles. Customs duty - 15%. The calculated VAT at customs at the rate as of December 5, 2018 amounted to RUB 137,545. (10,000 * 66.4467 * 1.15 * 0.18). Intermediary services for customs clearance RUB 141,600. incl. VAT 18%. Payment for the goods was made in full on December 11, 2018. US dollar exchange rate as of 12/05/2018 - 66.4467, as of 12/11/2018 - 66.2416.

Operation	Account debit	Account credit	Amount, rub.
12/05/2018 imported goods were registered (10 000 * 66,4467)	41 "Products"	60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”	664 467
Customs VAT calculated	19 “VAT on purchased assets”	76 “Settlements with various debtors and creditors”	137 545
Customs duty on imported goods reflected	41	76	15 000
The customs duty on imported goods is reflected (10,000 * 66.4467 * 0.15)	41	76	99 670
The services of an intermediary for customs clearance of imported goods are reflected	41	60	120 000
VAT on intermediary services included	19	60	21 600
VAT is accepted for deduction (137 545 + 21 600)	68 “Calculations for taxes and fees”	19	159 145
12/11/2018 debt for imported goods was paid (10 000 * 66,2416)	60	52 “Currency accounts”	662 416
The exchange rate difference in settlements with a foreign supplier is reflected (10 000 * (66,2416 — 66,4467))	60	91 “Other income and expenses”, subaccount “Other income”	2 051

VAT paid at customs is deducted after imported goods are registered (

Go to the Contractors directory and create a new supplier:

Fill in the name of the supplier. Since the supplier is foreign, it is important for us to indicate that he:

non-resident
provider

All other information on the card will be insignificant from the point of view of accounting for import transactions, so you can fill it out at your own discretion.

Go to the Accounts and Agreements tab:

Bank account foreign bank we cannot fill in 1C generation 8.2. The recipient's bank details will need to be filled in at the client bank.

Let's move on to the agreement. 1C created an agreement with the supplier automatically. You should go into it and change, if necessary, the name and currency of the contract. Please indicate the currency in which payments under the agreement are to be made:

Important! The currency of the bank account from which the payment is made must match the currency of the agreement. Otherwise payment order will not work in 1C.

Nowadays it often happens that contracts with foreign suppliers are concluded in rubles. In this case, you should indicate rubles.

Usually everything is quite obvious: payment is made in the currency of the contract. We buy this currency into the appropriate currency account and pay from it.

There are ambiguous situations. For example: you have an agreement in foreign currency, but with payment in rubles at the agreed rate. In this case, the agreement should be drawn up in conventional units (highlighted fainter in the figure) and paid from a ruble account.

That's it - you can draw up documents.

2. Enter an advance payment to a foreign supplier in 1C

We will introduce a partial prepayment, as this is a common situation. The delivery amount will be $40,000, and we will pay $20,000, i.e. 50% prepayment.

As I already said, we issue the payment itself at the Client Bank. If you buy foreign currency when paying to a foreign supplier, then look detailed description How to make a purchase of currency in 1C. And come back.

But now, the currency has been purchased and the payment to the supplier has gone through the bank - based on the bank statement, we enter the Outgoing Payment Order (Documents - Management in cash-Incoming payment order) with transaction type Payment to supplier:

Let's pay attention to the following points:

. The paid checkbox next to the date of receipt on the account should be

installed,
. Bank account and counterparty agreement in one currency,
. 1C offers the default exchange rate on the payment date,
. VAT rate - Without VAT,
. Accounts for accounting of settlements and advances are established by 1C from the register

Counterparties of organizations (counterparty accounts). If the register is not

is filled in, you must enter it manually. Filling the register is described in

separate article.
We carry out the document. We get the postings:

Important! Automatic determination of the advance, as in the picture, will occur if you have configured the offset of advances when posting documents in your program accounting policy.

Now we are waiting for the goods.

3. Receipt of imported goods to the warehouse

The receipt of imported goods is reflected in the document Receipt of goods and services.

We register an invoice from our supplier in the amount of $40,000 under the supply agreement:

Please note that in order to receive a customs declaration from a foreign supplier, it is necessary to enter the customs declaration into the series. Let's look at how to indicate the series for imported goods upon receipt and why.

The VAT rate should be selected Without VAT. Customs VAT is introduced as a separate customs declaration document for imports.

On the Prices and Currency tab, you can change the settlement rate. By default, 1C will put the course on the date in the Receipts header.

We choose the rate for the advance payment date. When the mutual settlement rate changes, the cost price on account 41 and the offset amount on VAL.60 will change for calculating exchange rate differences.

The amount of advance write-off in accounting will remain the same. Let's look at the wiring:

4. We enter in 1C payment of the balance of the debt to the foreign supplier

Now we need to pay the balance of the debt under the document. Enter the second Payment order for the remaining amount. It is convenient to enter a payment order based on the Receipt of goods and services. Just be careful - some of the details are filled in not from the Receipt, but by default:

Postings on the payment order close the debt at 60.21:

We all received and paid for the imported goods.

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On the import of goods. The most common error in the accounting of such companies is the incorrect determination of the foreign exchange rate for the purpose of calculating the cost of imported goods, as well as the incorrect determination of the date of their acceptance for accounting.

In the situation under consideration, accountants use different foreign exchange rates: on the date of registration of the cargo customs declaration, on the date of affixing the “Release Permitted” stamp at customs, on the date of receipt of goods, on the date of transfer of risks according to Incoterms, etc. At the same time, the foreign exchange rate for calculating the ruble accounting value of imported goods must be determined in the manner established by paragraphs 9 and 10 of PBU 3/2006. That is, if the goods were purchased on an advance payment basis, then the exchange rate is taken on the date of transfer of the advance payment (in terms of the amount of the advance payment). If the advance was not paid, then the foreign exchange rate is determined on the date of transfer of ownership of the purchased goods. On the same date, the acceptance of the named goods for accounting is reflected, regardless of the method of payment.

When paying for goods after shipment, organizations often have a question: on what date should the foreign currency exchange rate be taken when converting the cost of goods into rubles to be reflected in accounting, if the moment of transfer of ownership is not specified in the contract? Note that in practice, organizations often do not stipulate this important provision in the contract, believing that by reflecting the terms of Incoterms in it, they thereby determine the procedure for transferring ownership. But this is not true next reason. The purpose of Incoterms is to provide a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms most commonly used in foreign trade, and these international rules the procedure for transferring ownership is not regulated(Clause 1 of the Introduction to Incoterms). If the contract does not specify the moment of transfer of ownership, then it is necessary to determine it in accordance with the legislation of the country whose law applies to the relationship between the buyer and the seller. At the same time, according to paragraphs 1 and 2 of Art. 1206 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, this right must be clearly indicated in the foreign trade contract. Let us assume that, according to the contract, the legislation of the Russian Federation is applied, then the ownership of the goods is transferred in the following order (clause 1 of Article 223, clauses 1 and 3 of Article 224, as well as Article 458 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation):

- at the time of delivery of the goods(receiving a message from the seller about the readiness of the goods), if the organization independently picks up the goods from a foreign seller;

- moment of delivery of goods if the seller is obliged to deliver the goods;

-the moment the seller delivers the goods to the carrier if the buyer has entered into an agreement for the delivery of goods with a third organization;

- moment of delivery of the bill of lading or other document of title for the goods if the buyer takes the goods from a third party.

Note. Since 2011, new international rules for the interpretation of trade terms - Incoterms 2010 - have come into force.

Note. Incoterms are international rules for the interpretation of trade terms. They are used in foreign trade transactions and regulate issues related to the rights and obligations of the parties to the purchase and sale agreement.

If the contract does not indicate the applicable law and does not establish the moment of transfer of ownership, the specified moment is determined based on the law of the country of the seller (exporter). This follows from paragraphs 1, 2 and paragraphs. 1 clause 3 art. 1211, paragraph 1, art. 1206 and paragraph 3 of Art. 1215 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Often, organizations indicate in contracts that the transfer of ownership of the goods corresponds to the date of transfer of the risk of accidental loss of the goods in accordance with Incoterms. As a result, importing organizations will be able to avoid differences in the specified dates.

Please note: since the moment of transfer of ownership of a product does not always coincide with the moment of its receipt, an organization may have a situation where the product has not yet actually been imported into Russia, but it must already reflect this product in accounting. This happens because the date of acceptance of the goods for accounting is the date of transfer of ownership of it.

Example. Neptune LLC entered into a contract for the supply of seafood with the Norwegian company SeaFood Ltd in the amount of USD 300,000. According to the terms of the contract, the transfer of ownership corresponds to the moment of transfer of risks in accordance with Incoterms. In this case, the transfer of risks is defined as CIP (“Carriage and insurance paid until...”) Oslo (place of transfer of goods to the carrier). That is, the seller pays for the transportation of the goods, and also provides transport insurance against the risks of loss or damage to the goods during transportation to Oslo.

Neptune LLC transferred an advance payment to the supplier for goods in the amount of USD 100,000 on June 15, 2011. The Bank of Russia exchange rate on this date was 28.6640 rubles/dollar. USA (conditionally). The goods were handed over to the carrier in Oslo on June 29, 2011, and a bill of lading was issued on the same date (notional exchange rate - RUB 28.4110/USD). The goods, having passed customs clearance, were delivered to the warehouse of Neptune LLC on July 6, 2011. The exchange rate as of June 30, 2011 (as of the reporting date) was 28.4290 rubles/dollar. USA.

The following entries must be made in the accounting records of Neptune LLC:

Debit 60-2 Credit 52

RUB 2,866,400 ($100,000 x 28.6640 RUR/USD) - prepayment for goods was transferred to a foreign supplier;

Debit 60-1 Credit 60-2

RUB 2,866,400 - the prepayment amount has been credited;

Debit 41, subaccount “Goods in transit”, Credit 60-1

RUB 8,548,600 ($100,000 x 28.6640 RUB/USD + 200,000 USD x 28.4110 RUB/USD) - goods in transit are reflected in the accounting;

Debit 91-1 Credit 60-1

3600 rub. - the exchange rate difference from the revaluation of debt to the seller as of the reporting date is reflected;

RUB 8,548,600 - actually received goods are entered into the warehouse.

Note. The organization may indicate in the contract that the transfer of ownership of the goods corresponds to the date of transfer of the risk of accidental loss of the goods according to the rules of Incoterms. This provision in the contract will allow the organization to avoid differences in the dates of transfer of ownership and risks.

"Russian Tax Courier", 2011, N 12 "Typical

The peculiarity of trade with foreign suppliers is expressed in the fact that the purchase of goods is considered on the date of ownership. This determines the value at which the property will be accepted onto the balance sheet. Russian organization, since exchange rates are constantly changing. If you are importing goods, it will help to avoid disputes with tax inspectors by clearly indicating in contracts the moment of transfer of property to the Russian buyer.

Accounting and tax accounting 2017

The complexity of accounting for imported products lies in the difference in the inclusion of transport and other costs associated with delivery. Accounting for imports directly dictates that they be included in the cost of production (PBU 5/01). The Tax Code provides for a choice - on the actual cost of products or indirect costs. The same procedure for recording transactions is documented in the accounting policy, eliminating difficulties with the emergence of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

The capitalization of imported goods in accounting is carried out according to the rules of PBU 5/01, that is, the total amount should include minus value added tax (clauses 5, 6):

Supplier cost;
Transport and procurement costs;
Customs duties, fees;
Intermediary services.

Example

The company entered into an agreement for 10,000 euros with the condition of prepayment and subsequent payment within 3 days. If the final settlement date is set in the contract as long or partial, then at the end of the reporting period the accounting department must recalculate the liabilities at the exchange rate. Revaluation in accounting is carried out on the last day of the month, and the text of the Tax Code contains the concept of “reporting period” (Articles 271, 272). By indicating in the accounting policy that the reporting period is a month, the company will avoid the mandatory occurrence of temporary differences under PBU 18/02.

Description

Advance payment 05/20/2017 is 50% - RUB 371,377.50. (5000 x 74.2755).

The goods arrived on June 20, 2017.

Customs duty of 15% is charged

VAT paid at customs

Customs duty reflected

Customs broker services

VAT customs broker

Transport and storage costs

VAT on delivery

Related costs are included in the cost

VAT is deductible

Additional payment to the supplier

Advance payment to supplier reversed

Exchange rate difference reflected

According to PBU 3/2006 and the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (Article 272, paragraph 10), there is no provision for recalculation of advances transferred to the supplier. When goods are imported, accounting and tax accounting 2017, or more precisely, the inclusion of negative and positive exchange rate differences in non-operating expenses is carried out in the same way (Tax Code of the Russian Federation, Article 271, paragraph 4, and Article 272, paragraph 7, PBU 3/2006, paragraph 13) .

Attention. The cost of transit goods does not include the importer's transportation and procurement costs to the final buyer's warehouse; they are included in other expenses. This is motivated by the fact that delivery to the recipient is a selling cost. That is, the actual cost of the product is formed only by the transfer to customs.

Import VAT

Value added tax is paid at the time of customs clearance of goods. To present for deduction, the following are recorded in the purchase ledger:

Customs declaration;
Payment order for payment of VAT.

The invoice details will be replaced by the declaration number and the date of issue from the terminal. Payment information is entered from the order.

Accounting for imported goods

Accounting and tax accounting of imported goods. Calculation of customs VAT when importing valuables. Documents for deducting import VAT.

Tax accounting of imported goods

Is your company starting to import goods from abroad? Then you probably have many questions that you have not encountered before. For example, how and in what period should we deduct VAT paid upon import? At what cost should goods be reflected in tax accounting? We will consider these and other important aspects related to the accounting of imported goods in this article. In addition, the diagram below will help you navigate the procedure for calculating taxes by importers.

What documents do importers submit to the bank for currency control?

You will probably need to obtain a transaction passport from the bank. You will find out what documents you need to submit to the bank from the table below.


Document to be submitted to the bank	Base
Import transaction passport in two copies along with the foreign trade contract. A transaction passport must be issued if the contract amount exceeds the equivalent of $50,000. To check whether a transaction falls within this limit, use the Bank of Russia exchange rate on the date of conclusion of the agreement	Bank of Russia Instruction No. 117-I dated June 15, 2004, the form of a certificate of foreign exchange transactions is given in Appendix No. 1 to Bank of Russia Instruction No. 117-I dated June 15, 2004
A certificate of foreign exchange transactions, which must be submitted to the bank along with a payment order to write off money in payment for purchased goods
Customs declaration and two copies of a certificate of supporting documents*. They must be submitted to the bank no later than 15 calendar days from the day following the date of release of goods by customs officers	Appendix 1 to the Regulations of the Bank of Russia dated June 1, 2004 No. 258-P

* These documents need to be submitted to the bank only if the company has issued an import transaction passport.

How to calculate VAT when importing goods

Typically, companies place goods imported from abroad under the so-called “release for domestic consumption” customs procedure. In this case, VAT must be paid in full. This is stated in subparagraph 1 of paragraph 1 of Article 151 Tax Code RF. Moreover, this applies even to those organizations that use a simplified taxation system or an “imputed” regime. True, these companies cannot deduct the “import” tax they paid. The only exceptions are some imported goods, the list of which is contained in Article 150 of the Code. They are exempt from import tax. These include, for example, certain technological equipment, analogues of which are not produced in Russia. Including components and spare parts for it.

Note: You will pay VAT on imported goods to customs officers. That is, you will transfer such tax as part of general customs payments.

Now let's see how to calculate the VAT amount. In doing so, we will focus on general rules, which are valid for import. But keep in mind that to calculate VAT when importing goods from Customs Union(that is, from the Republic of Belarus and Kazakhstan) a separate procedure is provided for calculating VAT, as well as deductions of this tax. Its main features are shown in the table below.

What features regarding the payment and deduction of VAT are provided for the import of goods from the Customs Union


Basic rules for calculating VAT when importing goods from the Customs Union	Where is this said?
Payment of “import” VAT is controlled by tax officials, not customs officers (as happens under the general procedure)	Article 3 of the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated January 25, 2008, paragraph 1 of Article 2 of the Protocol dated December 11, 2009 “On the procedure for collecting indirect taxes and the mechanism for monitoring their payment when exporting and importing goods to Customs Union" (hereinafter referred to as the Protocol)
The tax base for VAT is the cost of goods under the contract and the amount of excise taxes. In this case, the cost of goods is recalculated into rubles at the exchange rate on the date of their acceptance for registration. There is no need to include in the tax base any additional expenses of the importing company that are not included in the delivery price.	Clause 2 of Article 2 of the Protocol, letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated April 9, 2012 No. 03-07-14/42
The tax must be paid no later than the 20th day of the following month after the company has accepted the imported goods for registration	Article 2, paragraph 7 of the Protocol
It is necessary to submit a special declaration on indirect taxes to the tax office when importing goods into the territory of the Russian Federation from the territory of member states of the Customs Union. No later than the 20th day of the following month after the goods are accepted for registration. Moreover, such a declaration is also presented by “special regime officers”	Clause 8 of Article 2 of the Protocol, order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 7, 2010 No. 69n
Along with a special declaration, you must submit a statement about the import of goods and payment of indirect taxes to the inspectorate. In addition, attach a bank statement confirming payment of tax, an agreement for the purchase of goods, transport (shipping) and other documents specified in paragraph 8 of Article 2 of the Protocol	Paragraph 8 of Article 2 of the Protocol, the application form for the import of goods and payment of indirect taxes is approved in Appendix No. 1 to the Protocol “On the exchange of information in electronic form between the tax authorities of the member states of the Customs Union...”
To accept the tax paid as a deduction, you need to register an application for the import of goods in the purchase book with marks from inspectors regarding the payment of VAT. In addition, in the purchase book it is necessary to indicate the details of documents confirming the actual payment of the “import” tax	Clause 17 of the Rules for maintaining a purchase book, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 26, 2011 No. 1137

Important!

To deduct VAT paid when importing goods from the Customs Union, a special procedure applies. And further. There are situations when goods purchased outside the Customs Union transit through the territory of Belarus or Kazakhstan. In this case, pay tax as for normal import of goods. That is, there is no need to use the special procedure in force for goods from the Customs Union. Officials from the Russian Ministry of Finance pointed this out in a letter dated July 7, 2011 No. 03-07-13/01-24.

So, first let's decide on the tax rate. This is 18 or 10 percent depending on the type of goods your company imports. This follows from paragraph 5 of Article 164 of the Code. We have listed below which goods are taxed at a rate of 10 percent.

What goods are subject to an import VAT rate of 10 percent?

1. Food products, which are included in the list established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 31, 2004 No. 908.

2. Products for children listed in the list approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 31, 2004 No. 908.

3. Periodicals and book products, indicated in the list established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 23, 2003 No. 41.

4. Medical products, the list of which was approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 15, 2008 No. 688.

Once you have decided on the tax rate, you can calculate its amount using the following formula:

How to determine the customs value of imported goods? The rules that apply here are established by the Agreement of January 25, 2008 “On determining the customs value of goods transported across the customs border of the Customs Union.” According to this Agreement, when calculating the customs value of goods, as a rule, the price of a foreign trade transaction is taken as a basis. Please note that this document applies to any (!) import of goods, and not just those imported from the Customs Union.

Customs duty rates are given in the Unified Customs Tariff of the Customs Union of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and Russian Federation, approved by decision of the Customs Union Commission dated November 18, 2011 No. 850.

The VAT amount is paid in rubles. The tax must be transferred before the goods are released by customs (subclause 1, clause 3, article 211 of the Customs Code of the Customs Union).

How to deduct import VAT

You can deduct VAT paid upon import. To do this, check that the following conditions specified in Articles 171 and 172 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation are met:

your company purchased goods for transactions subject to VAT;
you accepted the goods for accounting;
you have documents confirming tax payment.

So that tax officials do not doubt your right to deduction, it is better to stock up on confirmation from customs officials that your company has paid VAT (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated August 5, 2011 No. 03-07-08/252). The form of this document is established by order of the Federal Customs Service of Russia dated December 23, 2010 No. 2554. And it is issued by customs officers at the request of the organization. This is stated in paragraph 4 of Article 117 Federal Law dated November 27, 2010 No. 311-FZ.

Deductions of “import” tax should be reflected on line 180 of section 3 in the regular VAT return, the form of which was approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 15, 2009 No. 104n.

To accept the “import” tax as a deduction, you need to register the following documents in the purchase book: a customs declaration for imported goods and payment documents confirming the payment of VAT. This is indicated in paragraph 17 of the Rules for maintaining a purchase book, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 26, 2011 No. 1137.

However, the rules do not say how to reflect these documents in the purchase book. But you can use the recommendations given by the tax authorities of the Federal Tax Service of Russia for Moscow in letter dated July 5, 2010 No. 16-15/070201. Although this letter refers to the period in which the old rules were in effect, in essence they can still be used today. So, in column 2 “Date and invoice number” of the purchase book, provide the number of the customs declaration and the date indicated on the “Release permitted” stamp. And indicate the number and date of the payment order for payment of VAT in column 3 “Date of payment of the seller’s invoice.”

Please note that there is no need to register customs declarations and tax payments in the accounting journal. This is stated in paragraph 15 of the Rules for maintaining an invoice journal.

Let's also talk about the situation when a customs broker pays the tax instead of the company. What documents are in in this case need to be registered in the purchase book, you can find out from the comment below. Of course, you must have an agreement with the customs broker and certificates for the services provided by him.

If the importer uses the services of a customs broker, a payment order must be registered in the purchase book to reimburse him for the VAT paid

Commented by Anna Lozovaya, leading adviser to the indirect taxes department of the Department of Tax and Customs Tariff Policy of the Ministry of Finance of Russia

— Importer who applies common system taxation, has the right to deduct VAT paid on the import of goods. To do this, he must register a customs declaration for imported goods and a payment order for VAT in the purchase book. In addition, it is advisable to have confirmation of the transfer of such tax from customs officers. Its form is established by order of the Federal Customs Service of Russia dated December 23, 2010 No. 2554.

If an organization uses the services of a customs broker who, in accordance with the agreement, transfers “import” VAT, the importer must indicate in the purchase book the details of the customs declaration and instructions for the payment of tax by the broker. Copies of these documents must be obtained from the broker. Also in the purchase book it is necessary to reflect the payment order, according to which the importing organization reimbursed the broker for VAT expenses.

In what order should imported goods be taken into account when calculating income tax?

Let's move on to tax accounting for companies using a common system. And you can read about how the cost of goods is determined and the company’s expenses are taken into account in a “simplified way” in the comments below.

Simplified companies determine the cost of imported goods at the exchange rate on the date they are included in expenses

Explains Alexander Kosolapov, Head of the Special Tax Regimes Department of the Tax and Customs Tariff Policy Department of the Russian Ministry of Finance

— If your company uses a simplified system with the object “income minus expenses,” in tax accounting, determine the cost of imported goods at the Bank of Russia exchange rate on the date when the company sells them to customers. This was stated in the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated June 10, 2011 No. 03-11-06/2/93. This procedure must be used regardless of whether the company made an advance payment to a foreign supplier or paid for the goods after they were shipped.

You have the right to include amounts of “import” VAT in expenses as they are paid on the basis of subclause 22 of clause 1 of Article 346.16 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. As for customs duties and fees, these costs can also be written off as payment is made. This is provided for by subparagraph 11 of paragraph 1 of Article 346.16 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

How to recalculate the cost of goods

The cost of goods, which is expressed in foreign currency, must be converted into rubles at the Bank of Russia exchange rate on the date when ownership transferred to your company. Therefore, it is always better to clearly state the moment of transfer of ownership in contracts with foreign counterparties.

A different procedure applies to situations where the buyer pays for goods in advance. Then, to calculate the cost of goods, you need to take the rate for the day when your company transferred the advance payment to the seller. True, buyers often transfer a partial advance to suppliers. This means that the cost of goods will consist of two parts. You will determine the first one based on the exchange rate on the date of prepayment. The second - at the exchange rate on the date of transfer of ownership to your company. This was stated in the letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 13, 2010 No. 03-03-06/1/328.

You will write off the cost of imported goods as expenses, as usual, as they are sold.

What to do with customs duties and fees

Now let’s talk about what to do with paid customs duties and fees. Here you need to proceed from the procedure that is prescribed in the company's accounting policy. The fact is that the Tax Code of the Russian Federation allows both to include such payments in the cost of goods and to write them off separately. This is stated in Article 320 and subparagraph 1 of paragraph 1 of Article 264.

Important!

In tax accounting, customs duties and fees can be included in the cost of goods or written off separately, depending on what procedure is provided for in your company's accounting policies.

The same can be said about other costs that are associated with the purchase of imported goods. For example, about the costs of their transportation and storage.

Does your company take into account all costs associated with the purchase of goods separately? Then you classify the costs of delivering goods to the company’s warehouse as direct, and the remaining costs as indirect.

How to calculate exchange rate differences

Fortunately, you will not have to re-evaluate the advances issued to the supplier. This is provided for in paragraph 11 of Article 250 and subparagraph 5 of paragraph 1 of Article 265 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

It's another matter if your company pays for goods after they are shipped. Then the debt to the seller must be recalculated on the last day of each month.

In this case, you will have a positive or negative exchange rate difference, which you will include in non-operating income or expenses. This procedure is established in subparagraph 7 of paragraph 4 of Article 271 and subparagraph 6 of paragraph 7 of Article 272 of the Code.

How to make your work easier

In order not to have to reflect temporary differences according to PBU 18/02, it is better to revaluate liabilities in currency at the end of the month in both accounting and tax accounting.

Let us note, however, that the norms of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation regarding the moment of revaluation of liabilities in foreign currency are not entirely unambiguous. Thus, paragraph 8 of Article 271 and paragraph 10 of Article 272 of the Code say that exchange rate differences must be calculated at the end of the reporting period, which can be a quarter.

However, in accounting, revaluation is done at the end of the month. Therefore, it is more convenient to also calculate exchange rate differences for income tax, so that you do not have to reflect temporary differences according to PBU 18/02.

In any case, we recommend that you specify the procedure for accounting for exchange rate differences in the company’s accounting policy. To be on the safe side, you can also find out the position of your tax office on this issue.

In addition, do not forget to take into account the exchange rate difference on the date of payment for the goods.

Accounting for imported goods

Accounting for imported goods is generally similar to tax accounting. But there are also differences.

Thus, in accounting, the cost of goods usually includes all expenses associated with their acquisition. Including customs duties and taxes paid. This is specified in paragraph 6 of PBU 5/01. However, trading companies can include the costs of procurement and delivery of goods as sales expenses and take them into account in account 44 (clause 13 of PBU 5/01).

At the same time, when calculating income tax, as we have seen, any expenses associated with the purchase of goods can be written off separately by the company at its discretion.