Modern medicine is unthinkable without high-tech equipment. Every year, new scientific technologies are introduced into this area. We have collected 5 innovations in the field of global medical technology, presented in 2017.
The latest developments in the field of improvement of medical electronic implants
For several years in medicine, various electronic devices with batteries that are implanted into the human body have been effectively used. These are pacemakers for receiving a weak electrical impulse, artificial pacemakers for a stable heartbeat in patients with arrhythmia, defibrillators to prevent a heart attack and complete cardiac arrest. Such devices have saved the lives of many patients. But their main drawback is that the batteries need to be replaced. For this, a minimally invasive or abdominal operation is performed, which has certain risks.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania create significantly smaller implants that do not require battery replacement. The work uses new methods of power transmission and power management. Scientists also strive to reduce the final product to 1 millimeter or less. The solution to these problems is fraught with technical difficulties, but the researchers have already achieved some success.
For example, a technique has been developed for adaptive integrated power management, which operates in the mode of complex voltage and current regulation. This allows energy to be used more efficiently. The method makes it possible to control power supply, drive miniature implants, provide them with energy without the help of wires.
The created devices can be easily placed in any part of the body. This will expand the possibilities of diagnosing internal organs. The devices can be used to obtain data on the functions of the brain, to find out the causes of diseases, and to choose a therapy.
Development of methods of combating cancer using blood leukocytes
A research group of scientists from South Korea is working on technologies for converting leukocytes into a means of destroying cancer cells. The method is based on the use of the natural functions of the immune system and the filling of leukocytes with nanoparticles with anti-cancer drugs. Medicines go directly to any area of the tumor and destroy it. Similar methods of using nanoparticles to destroy cancer cells have already been used before, but drug molecules could not get inside the tumor. In the latest development, the minuses are taken into account, ways of solving the problem are found. The methodology of Korean researchers allows for targeted chemotherapy and immunotherapy of malignant tumors. Now it is the most progressive way to treat oncology.
Treatment of oncological tumors with donor genetically modified immune cells
Great Ormond Street Hospital UK doctors are developing another way to fight cancer. They used genetically engineered immune cells from donors to treat leukemia. The work uses universal cells, which can be obtained and applied at any time. Previously, this technology was practiced with the patient's own cells, but the process took too long. Scientists took CAR-T type T cells and modified them. As a result, donor cells attack cancer cells and do not touch healthy cells in the body. If long-term clinical trials of the technique show good results, the cost of cancer treatment will significantly decrease.
Destruction of antibiotic-immune microorganisms with specific bacteria
The presence of pathogens that cannot be destroyed by antibiotics is considered an urgent problem today. More than 600 thousand people worldwide are killed by such diseases every year. Korean microbiologists from the National Institute of Science and Technology are dealing with this problem. Special bacteria BALOS have been adopted as an effective way to destroy pathogens. They search for and destroy harmful microbes inside the human body. The technology still has a number of disadvantages and is not used on humans. But scientists see the future behind this method and are actively developing it.
Combining medicine and large databases
In medicine, every day more and more information is received that must be quickly processed and used. Modern databases are able to make diagnostics and treatment as accurate as possible at the molecular level using computer models. Californian scientists are developing special programs that can take into account all the characteristics of each patient during diagnostics - living conditions, habits, economic data, influencing factors, and the environment. Technological medicine gets the opportunity not only to reliably diagnose, but also to determine the causes of diseases, systematize all the data and combine them into a common database.
The material was prepared with the support of the likarni.com patient registration service. We will help you quickly find a good clinic or doctor, make an online appointment absolutely free.
4449 0
So 2017 is over, and now you can make a full review of the best medical technologies of the past year.
Today we will take a fascinating journey into the world of science, and we will tell you how diagnostics, treatment and rehabilitation have changed in this short period.
So, the best medical technologies of 2017:
1. Electronic tablets
Diagnostic devices in the form of cameras or other sensors that travel and examine a patient's insides have been around for several years. The next generation of "swallowing devices" is intended to change the medical treatment of many diseases. Instead of compressed tablets and powders, patients will be offered high-tech capsules filled with electronics.
Proteus Digital and Otsuka Pharmaceutical introduced the first digital capsules ABILIFY MYCITE (aripiprazole) to the American market in 2017.
The capsule contains a tiny transmitter that, when it enters the stomach, transmits a signal to a receiver outside the body. Feedback allows you to confirm that the patient did take the medication and followed the doctor's orders. This is what the compliance of the XXI century is!
Another firm, Rani Therapeutics, has developed a unique approach to the oral administration of large molecule drugs such as basal insulin.
Today, many hormones have to be administered parenterally, but no one likes injections. How about a pill that releases tiny needles to inject the drug into the intestinal wall?
Rani protective capsules deliver drugs freely into the gastrointestinal tract without the risk of inactivation by digestive juices. Sugar-based needles provide attachment and painless injection of the drug directly into the intestinal wall, after which it dissolves without leaving a trace.
Continuous measurement of gastric acid pH, temperature and other indicators has long been in demand in clinical medicine. To enable gastroenterologists to monitor patients 24/7, MIT engineers have developed a long-acting, swallowable transducer without rechargeable batteries. Batteries limit the lifespan of such devices and often cause safety problems. The batteryless sensor is powered by electrolysis using the chemical composition of intestinal contents.
Thanks to zinc and copper electrodes on the surface of the capsule, the device delivers 0.23 microwatts of power per square millimeter of anode. This is enough to power the radio transmitter and sensor. The duration of continuous operation of the device is limited only by the time of elimination from the gastrointestinal tract.
2. Heart pumps of the future
Devices that help diseased hearts pump blood through the body tend to come into direct contact with blood. This leads to a number of complications, including stroke. The next generation of heart pumps should be blood-free and will make treatment safer.
Employees at Harvard University and Boston Children's Hospital (USA) have created a "heart sleeve" that wraps around an organ and works on the principle of direct massage of the heart, pressing on it from the outside.
Sleeve contractions are automatically adjusted and help a weakened myocardium to increase cardiac output. The pump has a silicone exterior with tubes that are powered by an external pump. The device is custom made to match the patient's anatomy 100%.
Another device, developed at Boston Children's Hospital, is designed to treat patients with left or right ventricular heart failure.
The novelty is based on soft actuators that set in motion a rigid bracket that penetrates into the interventricular septum. Their action is gentle, but powerful enough to help only one half of the heart and not affect the work of the healthy half.
Like the "heart sleeve", the novelty does not come into contact with blood and avoids numerous complications. Cardiac surgeons are in dire need of such a device for the treatment of congenital heart defects in young patients. But for now, preclinical tests are underway.
3. Disability is not a sentence
Prosthetic technology is getting better every year, and 2017 has been particularly exciting and productive in this area.
Engineers at Georgia Tech have developed a system that allows an amputee to control the movements of artificial fingers. It is based on ultrasonic sensors that record minimal muscle activity near the prosthesis. The system is so precise that the patient can play the piano. You can see the result in the photo.
Thanks to engineers from the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine at the Clinical Center at the US National Institutes of Health, children with cerebral palsy received exoskeletons that train them to walk properly.
The devices are attached to the legs and pelvis, ensuring the correct distribution of forces and normalizing the biomechanics of walking. The exoskeleton corrects gait in children with hemiparesis and other neurological disorders. Although the technology is not ready for use in the real world due to nutritional problems and other shortcomings, it is already helping young patients.
At the Center for Biology and Neuroengineering of Wyss (Switzerland), four completely paralyzed people with Charcot's disease learned to communicate using near infrared spectroscopy.
Some people suffer from severe neurological diseases in which interaction with the outside world is not available to them. Technology determines a person's intentions by the activity of oxidative processes inside the brain, and "ends" the thought with a specific action or phrase. A group from Stanford University (USA) implanted a brain-computer interface in a patient with severe spinal cord injury, which allows them to control the PC with the power of their own thoughts.
In the course of the experiments, a person, locked in his body by Charcot's disease, resumed communication with the world using the cursor on the screen. One of the patients was able to use the power of thought to type a phrase of 39 characters, and this is just the beginning!
Over the past several decades, great progress has been made in improving the survival rates of premature babies. Babies born at 28+ weeks of age have a good chance today, but a shorter period is associated with serious consequences and mortality.
Researchers from the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (USA) have invented an artificial uterus that closely resembles the natural environment and allows the child to complete development normally before contact with the outside world.
The device consists of a unique oxygen-free arteriovenous circuit and a closed environment with continuous metabolism. The technology has been successfully tested on premature lambs.
5. Advances in disease diagnosis
There have been several advances in diagnostics in 2017, and it is difficult to objectively identify the best ones. Major advances have been made in allergy diagnostics, and the Swiss company Abionic has launched the first nanotechnological test platform for allergies to cat and dog hair, grass and pollen on the European market.
Now anyone can get an allergy test in just five minutes using a drop of blood. Why go to the clinic?
Harvard University has offered a $ 40 device that allows you to quickly and cheaply identify food antigens at home.
So far, the food allergy diagnostic device detects reactions to peanuts, hazelnuts, wheat, milk and egg whites, but this list will expand in the future. The sensitivity of the method already exceeds the current capabilities of most laboratories in the world.
The Dutch company MIMETAS, together with Roche, presented a system of perfused intestinal tubes that mimic the intestinal structure.
It will be used for preliminary trials of new drugs that pose a threat to the digestive tract.
Caltech has developed a rapid antibiotic susceptibility test for faster and more accurate antibiotic therapy.
Initially, the system will be introduced into urological practice, where there is a need for a quick choice of antibiotics for patients with urinary tract infections (UTI). This rapid test provides a definitive answer on bacterial resistance in 30 minutes and is comparable to standard assays.
The device attaches to your Nokia Lumia phone and allows you to identify mutations in living tissue in the field.
7. Deep learning method
Deep learning and machine learning were two key phrases that ushered in 2017 in healthcare.
IBM has partnered with Canadian scientists to develop an advanced software tool that analyzes fMRI scans to look for signs of mental illness (including schizophrenia). During the tests of the program, the algorithm correctly predicted the disease in 74% of patients and was able to fairly accurately determine the severity of the symptoms.
VisualDx's Derm Expert dermatology diagnostic application has "learned" to assess the severity of skin lesions like an experienced physician, comparing images with its database.
We expect that the coming years will make deep learning a valuable assistant to the practitioner, and in the future, and partially replace it.
8. Advances in surgery
Surgical innovations 2017 are aimed at reducing the cost and duration of surgery and preventing complications.
Prescient Surgical introduced Cleancision, a system for retraction and protection of wounds from infection, which we talked about in December.
It is an expandable device that opens and provides unhindered access to the wound, flushing and protection from infection. The irrigation system for the delivery of sterile solution and the comfortable flower-shaped anchors have earned the attention of surgeons in the United States.
Another company, KitoTech Medical, is working on a conceptual analogue of the smart microMend dressing that covers the wound instead of stitches. The device gently tightens the wound until it needs to heal. Subsequently, the bandage is painlessly removed without leaving any traces.
The publication talked about the successful experience of using Microsoft HoloLens in spinal surgery. Scopis, which specializes in surgical navigation, has proposed mixed reality to reduce radiation exposure, improve accuracy, and shorten surgery time.
It has been an exciting year for medicine, bringing hundreds of new technologies and bringing hope to millions of sick people.
Stay tuned and be the first to know about medical innovations!
: Master of Pharmacy and Professional Medical Translator
Incredible facts
Human health directly affects each of us.
The media is rife with stories about our health and body, from the development of new drugs to the discovery of unique surgical techniques that bring hope to people with disabilities.
Below we will tell you about the most recent achievements modern medicine.
Recent advances in medicine
10. Scientists have identified a new body part
Back in 1879, a French surgeon named Paul Segond described in one of his studies "pearly, resistant fibrous tissue" running along the ligaments in a person's knee.
This study was safely forgotten until 2013, when scientists discovered the anterolateral ligament, knee ligament, which is often damaged when injuries and other problems occur.
Considering how often a person's knee is scanned, the discovery was very late. It is described in the journal Anatomy and published online in August 2013.
9. Brain-computer interface
Scientists working at the Korea University and the German University of Technology have developed a new interface that enables the user to control the exoskeleton of the lower extremities.
It works by decoding specific brain signals. The research results were published in August 2015 in the journal Neural Engineering.
Participants in the experiment wore an electroencephalogram headgear and operated the exoskeleton by simply looking at one of the five LEDs mounted on the interface. This caused the exoskeleton to move forward, turn right or left, and sit or stand.
So far, the system has only been tested on healthy volunteers, but it is hoped that it could eventually be used to help people with disabilities.
Study co-author Klaus Muller explained that "people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or spinal cord injuries often have difficulty communicating and controlling their limbs; decoding their brain signals with this system offers a solution to both problems."
Achievements of science in medicine
8. A device that can move a paralyzed limb by the power of thought
In 2010, Ian Burkhart was paralyzed when he broke his neck in a pool accident. In 2013, thanks to the joint efforts of specialists from Ohio State University and Battell, a man became the first person in the world who can now bypass his spinal cord and move a limb using only the power of thought.
The breakthrough came with the use of a new kind of electronic nerve bypass, a pea-sized device that implanted in the motor cortex of the human brain.
The chip interprets the signals from the brain and transmits them to the computer. The computer reads the signals and sends them to a special sleeve worn by the patient. Thus, the right muscles are activated.
The whole process takes a split second. However, to achieve such a result, the team had to work hard. The engineering team first figured out the exact electrode sequence that allowed Burkhart to move his hand.
Then the man had to undergo several months of therapy to restore the atrophied muscles. The end result is that he is now he can rotate his hand, squeeze it into a fist, and also determine by touch what is in front of him.
7. A bacterium that feeds on nicotine and helps smokers to quit addiction
Quitting smoking is an extremely difficult task. Anyone who has tried to do this will confirm what was said. Nearly 80 percent of those who have tried it with pharmaceutical drugs have failed.
In 2015, scientists at the Scripps Research Institute are giving new hope to those looking to quit. They managed to identify a bacterial enzyme that consumes nicotine even before it can reach the brain.
The enzyme belongs to the bacteria Pseudomonas putida. This enzyme is not the newest discovery, however, it has only recently been removed in laboratory conditions.
Researchers plan to use this enzyme to create new methods of smoking cessation. By blocking nicotine before it reaches the brain and triggers dopamine production, they hope they can discourage the smoker from taking a cigarette.
To be effective, any therapy must be stable enough without causing additional problems during activity. Currently produced in laboratory conditions enzyme behaves stably for more than three weeks while in a buffer solution.
Tests involving laboratory mice have shown no side effects. Scientists have published the results of their research in the online version of the August issue of the American Chemical Society.
6. Universal influenza vaccine
Peptides are short chains of amino acids that exist in the cellular structure. They act as the main building block for proteins. In 2012, a scientist working at the University of Southampton, Oxford University and the Retroskin Virology Laboratory, managed to identify a new set of peptides found in the influenza virus.
This could lead to the creation of a universal vaccine against all strains of the virus. The results were published in the journal Nature Medicine.
In the case of influenza, peptides on the outer surface of the virus mutate very quickly, making them almost inaccessible to vaccines and drugs. The newly discovered peptides live in the inner structure of the cell and mutate rather slowly.
Moreover, these internal structures can be found in every strain of influenza, from classical to avian. It takes about six months to develop a modern influenza vaccine, however, it does not provide immunity for a long time.
Nevertheless, it is possible, by focusing efforts on the work of internal peptides, to create a universal vaccine that will give long-term protection.
Influenza is a viral disease of the upper respiratory tract that affects the nose, throat, and lungs. It can be deadly, especially if a child or elderly person is infected.
Influenza strains are responsible for several pandemics throughout history, the worst of which is the 1918 pandemic. No one knows for sure how many people have died from the disease, but some estimates put it at 30-50 million worldwide.
The latest medical advances
5. Possible treatment for Parkinson's disease
In 2014, scientists took artificial but fully functioning human neurons and successfully implanted them into the brains of mice. Neurons have the potential to treating and even curing diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
The neurons were created by a team of specialists from the Max Planck Institute, the University Hospital of Münster and the University of Bielefeld. Scientists managed to create stable nervous tissue from neurons reprogrammed from skin cells.
In other words, they induced neural stem cells. It is a technique that increases the compatibility of new neurons. Six months later, the mice developed no side effects, and the implanted neurons integrated perfectly with their brains.
The rodents displayed normal brain activity, which resulted in the formation of new synapses.
The new technique has the potential to give neuroscientists the ability to replace diseased, damaged neurons with healthy cells that could one day cope with Parkinson's disease. Because of it, the neurons that supply dopamine die.
To date, there is no cure for this disease, but the symptoms are treatable. The disease usually develops in people aged 50-60. In this case, the muscles become stiff, changes in speech occur, gait changes and tremors appear.
4. The world's first bionic eye
Retinitis pigmentosa is the most common hereditary eye disease. It leads to partial loss of vision, and often to complete blindness. Early symptoms include loss of night vision and difficulty with peripheral vision.
In 2013, the Argus II Retinal Prosthetic System was created, the world's first bionic eye for the treatment of advanced retinitis pigmentosa.
The Argus II system is a pair of exterior panes fitted with a camera. The images are converted into electrical impulses, which are transmitted to electrodes implanted in the patient's retina.
These images are perceived by the brain as light patterns. The person learns to interpret these patterns by gradually restoring visual perception.
Currently, the Argus II system is still only available in the United States and Canada, but there are plans for its implementation worldwide.
New advances in medicine
3. Pain reliever that only works with light
Severe pain is traditionally treated with opioid medications. The main disadvantage is that many of these drugs can be addictive, so the potential for abuse is enormous.
What if scientists could stop pain using nothing but light?
In April 2015, neurologists at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis announced that they had succeeded.
By combining a light-sensitive protein with opioid receptors in a test tube, they were able to activate opioid receptors in the same way as opiates do, but only with the help of light.
It is hoped that experts will be able to develop ways to use light to relieve pain with medication with fewer side effects. According to research by Edward R. Siuda, it is likely that after additional experimentation, light will be able to completely replace drugs.
To test the new receptor, an LED chip about the size of a human hair was implanted into the brain of a mouse, which was then bound to the receptor. The mice were placed in a chamber where their receptors were stimulated to produce dopamine.
If the mice left a special designated area, then the light was turned off and the stimulation was stopped. Rodents quickly returned to their place.
2. Artificial ribosomes
The ribosome is a molecular machine made up of two subunits that use amino acids from cells to make proteins.
Each of the ribosome subunits is synthesized in the cell nucleus and then exported to the cytoplasm.
In 2015, researchers Alexander Mankin and Michael Jewett were able to create the world's first artificial ribosome. Thanks to this, humanity has a chance to learn new details about the work of this molecular machine.
Medicine is evolving at a tremendous rate, and many of the things that we saw in science fiction films have become a reality in the healthcare system today. Most of these innovations can improve the quality of life for millions of people.
1. Health insurance companies and departments are under tremendous pressure from a complicated system, which sometimes leads to their closure. As a result, many patients have to wait a long time for their medical bills to be paid or to make an appointment with a doctor. 2017 saw the emergence of a Resource Compatible Rapid Health System (RHCS) that will function much more easily. The new system acts as an interpreter between the two healthcare systems and simplifies the process of returning clinical data. This method is considered revolutionary because a large amount of life-saving data can be used by different departments.
2. A convenient and useful invention of this year - wireless health monitoring using electronic gadgets, for example, smart watches, which can track the level of physical fitness and help to maintain it. In addition, back in 2013, Swiss biologists developed an implantable device capable of monitoring substances in the blood and sending data to the phone. The 14mm device is slated to go on sale later this year. The surface of the device is coated with an enzyme capable of detecting glucose and lactate. The smart phone will be able to track a person's health in real time and warn about a heart attack in a few hours.
3. In the field of dentistry, there is a proposal to regenerate lost teeth. So, a group of scientists from the University of Tokyo carried out the regeneration of mouse teeth and proposes to use the technology for humans. The new tooth was grown in the jaw for 36 days using a combination of stem cells and tooth germs from mouse embryos. As a result, the scientists got a real tooth with roots, pulp and an outer layer of enamel.
4. In recent years, researchers and biotech companies have been working to change the behavior of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract and direct them to the fight for human health, not against it. The development of new diagnostics and products with prebiotics will prevent dangerous microbial imbalances in 2017.
Medicine has advanced in the treatment of a complex disease called depression. Scientists have found a way out in the form of ketamine, also known as the "party" drug.
Ketamine has properties aimed at inhibiting NMDA receptors in nerve cells highly responsive to depression symptoms
5. A step forward in innovative medicine - the invention of new diabetes drugs to reduce the risk of heart disease, which has been a major problem for decades. It is known that people with diabetes are twice as likely to experience heart disease and stroke. Thanks to new drugs - Empagliflozin and Liraglutide - many patients have a chance for a long life with diabetes. Drug studies have shown fewer heart-related complications and fewer deaths. A major advance in diabetes care is planned for 2017.
6. In addition, doctors have developed a liquid biopsy capable of diagnosing cancer. Typically, a method is used for this, which involves collecting a large amount of tissue from the patient. However, a less painful and cheaper version is now on its way. A blood test can detect signs of cancerous DNA, which can detect cancer through cerebrospinal fluid, body fluids, and even urine. Testing starts at the end of 2017.
7. Chimeric antigen receptor therapy for leukemia patients is now available, which involves removing T-lymphocytes and genetically altering them to find and remove cancer cells. After the cells are destroyed, T-lymphocytes remain in the body to prevent the disease from recurring. Such treatment could end chemotherapy and treat the very advanced stages of leukemia.
A new self-dissolving stent has been developed to treat coronary artery blockages that will not remain in the patient's body or cause blood clots. The new stent allows for widening of the arteries and will be made of a naturally dissolving polymer.
8. This year, medicine has advanced in the treatment of a complex disease - depression. Scientists have found a way out in the form of ketamine, also known as the "party" drug. Ketamine has properties aimed at inhibiting NMDA receptors in nerve cells that are highly responsive to depression symptoms. According to studies, 70% of patients with a persistent drug reaction after using ketamine noticed an improvement within 24 hours.
9. The vaccine against the terrible disease HIV, testing of which began in 2012, has been successfully tested on animals, and now its effect on humans is being tested in Canada. With positive results, the vaccine was administered to women and men between 18 and 50 years old, and the patients experienced no side effects or reactions to the injections. Commercial access to the vaccine is planned this year.
A volunteer for such a risky procedure will be 31-year-old Russian Valery Spiridonov, who suffers from muscular dystrophy and is confined to a wheelchair. The procedure will involve 150 people, it will last about 36 hours
10. The most shocking innovation of 2017 was a human head transplant, for which Italian surgeon Sergio Canavero is preparing in December 2017. A volunteer for such a risky procedure will be 31-year-old Russian Valery Spiridonov, who suffers from muscular dystrophy and is confined to a wheelchair. The procedure will involve 150 people, in time it will last about 36 hours. To prevent cell death during the operation, the donor's head and body will be frozen to -15 degrees. The patient himself, due to the limited duration of his life, considers such a risk to be fully justified.
Innovation development strategy
As part of the Russian policy on the formation of a federal innovation system in 2015, under the government's leadership, a state program of measures to support the development of promising industries in Russia, which over the next 20 years could become the basis of the world economy - the National Technology Initiative (NTI), was developed and approved. The NTI principle is based on technological platforms by analogy with the system adopted by the European Union and also provides tools for co-financing and supporting developers of breakthrough technologies.
NTI has formed a target vision for nine markets of the future, the volume of each of which in 10-20 years should exceed $ 100 billion globally. HealthNet is named one of these markets. In 2017, the Presidential Council for Modernization and Innovative Development of the Economy approved the HealthNet roadmap. The authors of the roadmap are First Deputy Minister of Healthcare Igor Kagramanyan and Chairman of the Board of Directors of R-Pharm Alexey Repik.
According to the NTI forecast, the volume of the global HealthNet market within the global healthcare market will reach $ 2 trillion by 2020 and more than $ 9 trillion by 2035. At the same time, by 2035, the Russian market share of HealthNet will be at least 3% of the global volume.
Key market segments HealthNet
Preventive medicine
A segment that helps prevent the development of diseases, taking into account an individual approach to diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation.
Sport and health
The segment of increasing health reserves, which includes the collection, processing of information, its delivery to the consumer and the formation of recommendations and measures based on commands from the analytical center.
Genetics
The segment includes the following sectors: genetic diagnostics, bioinformatics, gene therapy, pharmacogenetics, medical genetic counseling, early detection and prevention of hereditary diseases.
Information technology in medicine
Segment of design and implementation of devices and services for monitoring and correcting human condition: digital passport, collection, analysis and recommendations based on data, including telemedicine.
Longevity
A segment aimed at extending the period of a person's healthy life, delaying the onset of diseases at a later date due to the results of research in the field of gerontology, geriatrics and genetics and biomedical technologies.
Biomedicine
The segment of the market for personalized medicine, new medical materials, bioprostheses, artificial organs includes areas of engineering biology of humans, animals and plants.
Russian market
Medicine in general around the world is becoming one of the most innovative and rapidly developing sectors of the economy. So, today the global healthcare market is 10% of world GDP and is growing by 5.2% per year.
The Russian market for goods and services HealthNet accounts for 1.4% of the global market ($ 13.9 billion). By 2035, the share of the Russian market will be 3.58% ($ 310 billion) of the total volume of the world market.
Preventive medicine
The projected coverage of the population with preventive medicine services by 2035 will grow from 6 to 50%. At the same time, one of the most important areas of preventive medicine is the development of domestic vaccines.
The main customer of vaccines in Russia is the state, which purchases them for vaccination in accordance with the National Calendar, which is approved by the order of the Ministry of Health of Russia and determines the timing and types of vaccinations that are carried out free of charge and on a massive scale in accordance with the compulsory health insurance (MHI) program. Today, the only supplier according to the National Calendar is the medical holding of Rostec State Corporation - Natsimbio, created in 2014 and bringing together key market players - NPO Microgen, OJSC Sintez and LLC Fort.
Among the goals of Natsimbio is to implement complete import substitution of vaccines for the National Calendar by 2020. By the same time, the holding plans to produce up to 100% of anti-tuberculosis drugs, as well as more than 20% of drugs against HIV and hepatitis B and C.
In 2017, Natsimbio increased the supply of vaccines for the prevention of influenza by 20%, providing an unprecedented coverage of the country with influenza vaccination - more than 45%. (In 2016, 38.3% of the country's population was vaccinated. In many developed countries, the rate of vaccination against influenza is about 75%.) Natsimbio confirmed that for the first time in all the time of vaccination against influenza in our country, 100% of the purchased vaccine was produced in Russia. At all stages of the technological process, only domestic raw materials were used.
In just three years of operation, Natsimbio as part of Rostec has increased its product portfolio, which today comprises more than 300 drugs.
Interim results of the import substitution program in the vaccine market
Biomedicine and innovative prosthetics
In Russia, more than 12 million people have a disability group, of which more than 200 thousand require lower or upper limb prosthetics. The real breakthrough of the last decade has been bionic prostheses, which allow people who have lost limbs to continue their normal life.
All today's R&D projects in the world are focused on two areas: reducing the cost of the prosthesis itself and improving the control system. If there are more or less suitable solutions for the first problem, then in the field of development of control systems everything is just beginning.
In our country, bionics is also developing within the framework of the federal program "Medicine of the Future". The Zagorsk Optical and Mechanical Plant OJSC participating in this program (part of the Shvabe holding) has developed an electronic module that is part of a hand prosthesis, but can also be placed in the ankle and knee joint area. In limb amputation, surgeons try to keep the motor nerve active and move it to the remaining effective muscle. A special system, developed by the plant's specialists, registers signals from stored muscles, recognizes them and sets in motion the corresponding parts of the prosthesis. The fingers open and make grasping movements, the limb rotates, the leg moves along a certain trajectory. The system does not require training of the "carrier", and the achieved stable results of the interface operation make it possible to speak about the imminent launch of the device into series.
Also in 2017, the Institute of Electronic Control Machines. I.S.Bruka presented to Roszdravnadzor a set of anthropomorphic bionic human elbow, knee and foot prostheses controlled by a neurointerface. The development is aimed at developing a methodology and conducting clinical trials. The system is ready for serial production, in which the cost of one prosthetic device will be in the region of 1 million rubles.
Medical equipment
Oddly enough, in recent years, enterprises of the military-industrial complex have become the locomotive of high-tech medical equipment. The defense industry enterprises, faced with the decreasing volume of government orders and the need to increase civilian products, realized that they have significant scientific, technological and production potential for establishing the production of new types of equipment and medical products.
Moreover, many of the domestic developments have no analogues in the world and may well replace foreign medical equipment in different areas of medicine: oncology, ophthalmology, hematology, cardiology, cardiovascular surgery and emergency medicine.
First of all, these are telemedicine, laser technologies, anesthesia and respiratory devices, equipment for neurosurgery, microsurgery and dentistry, neonatal equipment, devices for ultrasound diagnostics and therapy, mobile blood sampling points, refrigeration equipment for storing and transporting drugs.
Among the leaders in this field that have emerged from the domestic defense industry are such companies as the Vega concern, where a neurostimulator for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases, a magnetic stimulator for research and treatment of patients with lesions of the central nervous system, surgical navigation a station that allows the surgeon to see a complete 3D picture of the patient's body during the operation, as well as a portable system of express diagnostics "Reader", which identifies pathogenic microorganisms and their sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs.
Another successful example of diversification is the Shvabe holding, part of Rostec, which initially specialized in high-precision optics. Now it occupies 50% of the Russian market for perinatal equipment.
· Legislation and regulations open the way for innovation in the economy, but excessive administrative barriers can become serious obstacles to the effective development of any industry.
· The speed of assimilation and implementation of innovations and new design solutions begins to play a crucial role in the development of the industry.
· The production of medical equipment is a core business for only a few hundred domestic companies. At the same time, most enterprises produce medical equipment along with other products for individual and industrial consumption.
· Vaccines against epidemic diseases can be seen as strategic drugs.
· Cybersecurity is a significant factor that can bridge the gap between the capabilities of technologies and their practical implementation. Accordingly, the information security competencies developed in the Rostec contour allow you to create your own secure solutions, as well as to sell the information security module for the healthcare sector on the open market.
· Achievements in the field of creation and production of new vaccines make it possible to predict by 2025 the expansion of the list of preventable infections to 27 in developed and to 37 in developing countries. This necessitates the improvement of the existing National Calendar of Preventive Vaccinations. The inclusion of modern combination vaccines will make it possible to add vaccines to the NCPT against other vaccine-preventable infections, which are not currently on the calendar.
· The task of import substitution of medical equipment and medical products can be largely solved by using the scientific and technical groundwork available in the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, ensuring effective interaction with the medical community.
· Due to the lack of a number of competencies necessary for the launch of products on the civilian market, defense industry enterprises need to initiate the creation of CPE centers at enterprises or in the regions aimed at training the managerial staff of enterprises.
It is necessary to catalog the medical equipment produced by domestic enterprises and conduct a competitive analysis of foreign companies.
Loading ...