How people with poor eyesight see the world: instructive photos. How visually impaired people see the world when they take off their glasses: illustrative examples How visually impaired people see

On October 13, many countries celebrate World Sight Day. It was invented thatwould people pay attention to the problems of blindness and the prevention of poor vision.

Open Asia Online conducted a small survey among visually impaired people to find out how they see the world around them, and imagined how it would look in photographs.

The World Health Organization and the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness inform each year that people on the planet are experiencing a rapid deterioration in vision. According to the latest data, out of 7 billion people, 285 million live with impaired vision, of which about 40 million are completely blind.

The situation is also depressing in Kazakhstan alone. This can be judged even with a cursory survey of residents. Most of the respondents were nearsighted. According to statistics, there are more than 75,000 visually impaired people in the country.

Among the working population, eye injuries are the most common cause of poor vision, followed by myopia. For pensioners, glaucoma is in first place, malignant tumors are in second, and lens diseases are in third. Children are also not far behind: most often their eyes suffer from congenital anomalies or injuries.

Aiman Zhusupova. Vision - minus 7

“I had congenital myopia, which was aggravated by the fact that as a child I loved to read books lying down, holding them above me. As a result, my “minus” only increased over the years. At school, I experienced terrible inconvenience, as I had to ask my neighbors for the desk to suggest what is written on the board, or let me write it off.But I didn’t like wearing glasses.I had a big “minus”, so when wearing glasses, the glasses made my eyes very small, I didn’t like it.There were times when I didn’t recognize people at arm's length. Many even thought that I was arrogant and did not want to say hello. I was afraid to catch a taxi or cross the road alone. I lived with this problem until I was 22, until one day I came across lenses. I bought lenses and the world instantly changed It was an indescribable feeling when you see everything in the smallest detail.Sometimes I was even ashamed to look at people, because it seemed: they were almost naked in front of me!

Therefore, I cannot get enough of the fact that there is such an invention of mankind as lenses. I still revel in this feeling, examining people and objects around in the smallest detail. The only inconvenience is the material costs, since I wear daily lenses: I have to spend up to 19,000 thousand tenge ($57) a month to have excellent vision.

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Natalya Timirbayeva. Vision - minus 3

“In one of my medical cards it is written: he suffers from myopia to a weak degree. There is indeed myopia. And it is called beautifully - myopia. On the contrary, they seem to me a stylish accessory, and the search for the right frames always turns into an exciting game of "dressing up", where the object is not the body, but the face.

As for world views, everything is fine here, too, because the lenses in my frame are chosen correctly, and in glasses my vision is one (this means that I see even the smallest lines of the ophthalmologist's table). Of course, when I take off my glasses, the world changes. And it’s not a fact that it’s for the worse, since wrinkles and other imperfections “disappear” from the faces of my interlocutors. And on the streets "dissolved" dust and debris.
Without glasses, I calmly navigate this world, cross the road so as not to get hit by a car (I see cars from afar), distinguish not only people from dogs, but also men from women. I can even distinguish my acquaintances from five meters, of course, by their gait and general outlines. I can't see faces from this distance.

At home, after a shower, I sometimes forget to put on my glasses. And I remember them only when someone turns on the TV. Without glasses, I will not be able to see the numbers of minibuses, make a purchase in a store where the shelves are separated from customers by a distance of more than two meters. I watch TV only with glasses on and play tennis too. But I read without glasses - it's more comfortable. And they say it's better."

Azamat Galeev. Vision - minus 1.

“My right eye is minus 1, my left eye is minus 4. Without glasses, I can’t even make out the route number of the bus until it arrives at the bus stop. Without glasses in general, the whole world is muddy, hidden and unpredictable for me at 50-60 meters.”

Evgenia Kadikova. Vision - plus 2

“In everyday life, I don’t wear glasses, I watch TV and drive a car without them too. But I can’t read the expiration date of products in the store without glasses, the same thing happens with messages on the phone, I read and work at the computer only with glasses Sometimes I wear lenses, but I don’t really like them - my eyes get tired quickly.

Zhanar Kanafina. Vision - plus 3-4

“I put on my first glasses in the second grade, although in fact I could read and write without them. At the university, I wore it only in the library and in the evenings for a book. eats” diopters, and, unfortunately, it becomes too much: at work, at home, plus gadgets.

I really like good lighting and large typographic type. Any small print is annoying. It happens that I can not notice a mistake in my journalistic text. It's good to have correctors. I don't wear contact lenses, they make me dizzy. Yes, and glasses are more familiar.

But this is how people with vision plus 7 see the world. Glasses with such diopters are more like a magnifying glass, and from under the glasses they will look at you with big surprised eyes. Most often, such lenses in the frame are worn by the elderly. Without glasses, they do not see letters and numbers in receipts, they do not distinguish the image on TV, and this also explains their helplessness in front of a cell phone - too small.

Sometimes you can see that older people are more easy than their bespectacled grandchildren to thread a needle. This is explained simply: with age, myopic people acquire almost one hundred percent vision - “minus” changes to “plus”, and as a result, “one” is obtained.

Visual impairment leads to image distortion. In the case of myopia, objects that are far away appear blurry, while those that are closer appear clearer.

For those who have never experienced vision problems, it is difficult to imagine how a person with myopia sees. People with this disorder say that they have difficulty distinguishing objects at a distance. The reason for this problem is a change in the shape of the lens of the eye. Let us consider in more detail the symptoms, methods of treatment and prevention of this disease.

Causes of myopia

Thanks to the development of science today, this visual impairment is well studied. In ophthalmology, the disease is called myopia.

At the physiological level, pathology is associated with a defect in the shape of the lens of the eye. Under the influence of a number of factors, it changes, becomes more elongated. As a result, the optical axis of the eye increases, as a result, the refraction of light rays occurs at the wrong angle. The image is eventually formed not on the retina, as in healthy vision, but in front of it.

Myopia happens:

congenital;
acquired.

In the first case, the disease is detected in a child in the first year of life. Experts believe the cause of its appearance is a genetic predisposition. If mom or dad had vision problems, then with a probability of up to 50% they will be passed on to the child. If the disorder was diagnosed in both parents, then with a risk of up to 75%, the disease will be transmitted to the baby.

In addition, the cause of congenital myopia during pregnancy can be:

disturbances during intrauterine development;
bad habits;
poor nutrition;
infectious diseases;
fetal hypoxia;
premature or difficult childbirth.

Factors contributing to the development of myopia in the process of life are:

prolonged eye strain;
violation of the regime of work and rest;
poor lighting during prolonged work with small details or reading;
long work at the computer without a break.

Very often, myopia appears in schoolchildren when visual loads increase. During this period, it is very important to pay attention to the problem, because without proper treatment, the disease will progress.

Imaginary myopia

Visual impairment is not always associated with physiological changes in the lens of the eye. Decreased visual acuity sometimes occurs due to imaginary myopia. During prolonged loads on the eyes, a spasm of accommodation occurs. This phenomenon is called imaginary or false myopia.

Imaginary myopia is a malfunction of the eye (ciliary or ciliary) muscle. This part of the eyeball is responsible for focusing. When viewing objects at a remote distance, the ciliary muscle relaxes, and at close, on the contrary, it comes into tension. It changes the shape of the lens, so that we can see equally well near and far. When a spasm occurs, the muscle stops relaxing and is in constant tension. As a result, a person has all the same symptoms as with myopia, that is, he sees well near, and at a distance the contours of objects become blurred.

This violation results in:

increased visual load;
osteochondrosis of the cervical spine;
constant work at the computer, frequent use of gadgets and watching TV.

Spasm of accommodation occurs in children and adults. As a rule, schoolchildren and students who have to do a lot of work face this phenomenon. In adults, the cause of the violation is often long-term non-stop work at the computer.

Spasm of accommodation is not an ophthalmic disease, however, it is necessary to take measures to eliminate it, as it can lead to vision problems in the future. There are three ways to get rid of false myopia:

eye drops (usually they prescribe "Atropine", "Tropikamid", "Midriacil", "Cyclomed");
physiotherapy (conducted in a medical institution);
gymnastics for the eyes.

Only a specialist can determine whether a person is false or true myopia. Therefore, at the first sign of myopia, you should visit an ophthalmologist.

Symptoms of myopia

A person with myopia sees the world around without clear outlines. Therefore, the main symptom of the disease is the blurring of the contours of objects located at a distance.

In addition, myopia may be accompanied by the following symptoms:

eye fatigue;
headaches;
fear of light;
burning and pain in the eyes.

How do people with myopia of varying degrees see?

Violations that occur in the organs of vision with myopia cause a change in the eyeball, or rather its increase. The more the size of the eyeball increases, the more vision decreases.

Myopia causes the eyes to enlarge from 1 to 7 millimeters or more. Each deviation from the norm by one millimeter causes visual impairment of three diopters.

There are three degrees of myopia:

the first (or weak) - vision is reduced to -3 diopters;
the second (or medium) - vision is reduced from -3.25 to -6 diopters;
third (high or strong) - vision is reduced by more than -6.25 diopters.

How do people with myopia see? When vision is reduced slightly, that is, the first degree of the disease is diagnosed, a person sees 90%. In everyday life, this is manifested by minor discomfort. For example, it is difficult to see the number of the house on the opposite side of the street or read the sign on the store from a distance. At the same time, when considering objects near or reading, no difficulties arise. Sometimes on the TV, the picture may become blurry if it is located at a considerable distance. For example, by the way a child sees the notes on the board, one can understand whether he has vision problems. In this case, you can do without glasses. However, if a certain action requires special concentration, it is still better to use the means of correction. So, you should wear glasses while driving a car.

It should be noted that even with a low degree of myopia, you cannot select glasses yourself. Incorrectly selected optical aids can exacerbate the problem. In addition, there may be a headache or pain in the eyes. As you might guess, with each subsequent degree of myopia, a person sees worse and worse. With an average degree of myopia, people have to squint to see objects in the distance. Already at a distance of several meters, things become blurry outlines. In such a situation, it is difficult to distinguish faces on the street, they seem blurry, the features are not guessed. To understand how people with myopia see the world, imagine a blurry photo. At a distance of 20-30 centimeters, people with myopia still see well. When a high degree of myopia occurs, people see objects only at arm's length. Vision is only 1-2%. A person sees the text only if you bring a sheet of paper to the very face.

In general, myopia is characterized by poor distance vision, while people with myopia can see objects well at close range.
How a person with visual impairment sees objects is checked in the ophthalmologist's office using special tables. The most famous of them is the Sivtsev table. The test with the help of it is familiar to many from childhood. It consists of 12 lines. From top to bottom, the font size decreases.

Myopia treatment

After a diagnosis of myopia is made, the patient is prescribed glasses or contact lenses. Optical products will help you see better in everyday life. But they do not solve the problem of poor vision. Medical intervention is required to correct myopia. Currently, there are three main methods of treatment:

medication;
physiotherapy;
surgical.

Preparations intended for the treatment of myopia improve blood circulation in the organs of vision, relax the ciliary muscle, and promote metabolic processes. They are available both in drops and tablets. The dosage and course of drug therapy is determined by the doctor. It is worth noting that drugs only stop the development of myopia and prevent complications. It is impossible to completely get rid of the pathology with the help of drugs alone.

Medications that may be prescribed include:

drops "Irifrin" - a tool that helps to constrict blood vessels, dilate the pupil and relieve spasm of the ciliary muscle;
Strix tablets - dietary supplements that improve the blood supply to the retina of the eye;
drops "Taufon" - the drug contains an amino acid, which has a beneficial effect on metabolic processes in the organs of vision.

You cannot choose medicines on your own. Any means, even if they are vitamins or dietary supplements, should be recommended by a specialist.

One of the effective methods of treating myopia is physiotherapy. Procedures are carried out in a medical facility. Among them:

Electrical stimulation is the effect of a low electric current on the structure of the eyes through the eyelids. The procedure improves blood circulation, promotes the intake of nutrients.
Impact on the organs of vision with an infrared laser. This method improves intraocular fluid microcirculation and blood circulation.
Endonasal electrophoresis. Special electrodes with medications are inserted into the nose, and a low-intensity electric current is passed through them. Thus, the drugs enter the back of the eyes.

The choice of treatment method depends on the degree of myopia, the general condition of the patient's body. The most modern and effective way to eliminate myopia today is laser correction. This method is safe and has a short recovery period. Laser surgery is performed for both mild and severe myopia. In almost 100% of cases, this method guarantees complete restoration of vision. This method of restoring vision is recommended for most patients. However, it has contraindications.

So, laser correction is not carried out under the following conditions:

deterioration of vision by more than -8 diopters;
complications on the retina;
progressive myopia;
age up to 18 years;
pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Prevention of myopia

Visual impairment can occur at any age. In the modern world, an excessive passion for gadgets often leads to a decrease in visual acuity. Working during the day at the computer, a person returns home and picks up a tablet, phone or watches TV again. As a result, the eyes do not get rest. People who, by the nature of their work, have to spend a long time at the monitor, are recommended to do gymnastics for the eyes at least once a day.

The best prevention of ophthalmic diseases is the correct approach to the mode of work and rest. Good vision will contribute to an active lifestyle, a balanced diet with enough vitamins.

How do nearsighted people see? An ophthalmologist will tell you about this. Myopia is a common eye disease, and from year to year it gets younger. This disease affects both adults and children. Not everyone understands what it means for a person to see badly. Not everyone imagines how short-sighted people see the surrounding objects. What is the world like through the eyes of myopic people? The answer to this question can be found in this article.

First, a little about this disease. The term myopia is understood as a visual defect or a malfunction of the eye of a pathological nature, in which the image is not on the retina, but in front of it.

In people suffering from myopia, there is (axial myopia) or the cornea has a greater refractive power, which leads to the formation of a small focal length (refractive variety). It is better to say that a near-sighted person sees close objects well, but sees distant objects poorly.

The causes of the development of the disease can be various, the most common of them are as follows:

heredity;
excessive eye strain: reading in a moving vehicle or in a poorly lit room, prolonged work at a computer or close to a TV;
weakening and overstrain of the muscles of the eye;
birth and brain injury.

The essence of visual impairment. With myopia, the image is processed not in the retina itself, but in front of it. Therefore, objects located in the distance, which the patient sees, acquire a vague, blurred outline.

The image of distant objects does not reach the retinal area for several reasons:

irregularity, elongation of the shape of the eyeball;
the optical system of the eye is prone to intense refraction of rays.

How do people with myopia see the world?

A near-sighted person sees worse without glasses, but what he sees and what the objects in question appear to him is difficult to imagine for people with normal vision. However, there are quite a lot of people suffering from myopia in the world. An interesting question is, how do they see the world around them?

A feature of the vision of myopic people is that a person suffering from this disease does not clearly see sharp contours: all objects are seen blurry. A person with 100% vision, having cast a glance at a tree, will be able to see down to individual leaves and twigs.

For him, a contour image of an object against the sky is clearly visible. A short-sighted person sees a tree as a shapeless mass of green color, having unclear, fantastic contours: small details are not visible with myopia.

There is an interesting feature of vision when a nearsighted person examines the faces of other people. A near-sighted person sees faces younger and more attractive than a person with normal vision. The presence of wrinkles and other defects are not visible to the myopic. For example, a reddish skin tone (of natural or artificial origin) is seen by them as soft ruddy.

It seems naive to us the statements of acquaintances who make a mistake in determining the age of a person with a difference of almost 20 years. We are amazed at their strange taste in assessing beauty. Sometimes we accuse them of impoliteness when they peer directly into the face of the interlocutor, and do not recognize in any way. The reason for this is myopia.

Not all people suffering from myopia want to wear glasses. Especially traumatic is the acquisition of this disease in childhood: in kindergarten and school. Children suffering from this disease fear the condemnation of their peers. They are often called offensive names. If a person suffering from myopia does not wear glasses, he runs the risk of not perceiving the full amount of information about the world around him. As a result, poor performance at school, university, etc.

When a short-sighted person communicates with an interlocutor, he does not see the facial features of the person talking to him. He sees not what you think, the image and contour of the face of the interlocutor remains blurry for him. And it will not be surprising that walking down the street and looking into your eyes, a short-sighted person simply does not recognize you. In most cases, a short-sighted person recognizes people not so much by their appearance as by the sound of their voices: the defect in vision is compensated by the acuity of hearing.

What do they see at night?

Night is a dark time of the day when there is not much light. Even a person with good eyesight does not always see everything at night, what then to say about a person who sees poorly? In bright night lighting, all objects that are a source of light not only increase, but also grow to gigantic sizes. They resemble a chaos of shapeless blots, dark and indistinctly visible silhouettes, that is, a person sees the image as if in a fog.

Instead of the existing lines in the outline of the lamps, the short-sighted see two shapeless, rather bright spots that obscure all other street objects. They do not see the approaching car itself, and instead of a car, they see 2 headlights, behind which only a dark mass is visible.

Prevention

The night sky has a completely different outline for the nearsighted. He sees only large stars in the form of a dot image. Instead of a thousand stars, short-sighted people see only a few hundred. Clearly visible stars appear as large clods of a beam of light. The near-sighted sees the moon as large and closely spaced; the crescent is seen by him in a fantastic, intricate perspective.

The reason for such visual illusions and the increasing size of objects lies in the special structure of the short-sighted eye. The myopic eye is so deep that the refraction of light in its parts collects the rays of external objects not in the region of the retina itself, but slightly in front of it. Only beams of rays reach the area of the retina covering the bottom of the eye, which diverge and eventually transform into blurry and blurry images.

Video

The military medical commission assigns a category of fitness to the conscript, paying attention to his health and vision. Minor eye pathologies in a young person may not affect military service. With serious deviations, the young man may receive a category of deferment or unfitness.

"A" - the conscript is healthy and fit for service in the military forces:

"A1" - no restrictions, there were no serious illnesses.
"A2" - there were quite serious health problems or injuries, there is no restriction in special troops.
"A3" - restrictions due to minor problems - up to 2 diopters.

"B" - suitable with restrictions:

"B1" - service in special units, air assault troops, Air Force, Airborne Forces, border guards in the federal service.
"B2" - service in the naval forces, on submarines, in tank troops.
"B3" - crew members and drivers on armored personnel carriers, on infantry fighting vehicles, on launchers (missile) installations; service in parts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs; chemical units and specialists in the storage and refueling of combustible substances, marines, airborne forces; guard units.
"B4" - service in radio engineering units (communication units), protection of missile systems, part of the RF Armed Forces.

"B" - limited fit. The young man is not called up for service, but is listed in the reserve. In the event of the onset of hostilities, he will be called up in the order of the second priority.

"G" - not suitable temporarily. Deferment from the army on sight is given if the young man had exacerbated diseases, surgical interventions or serious injuries. It is given from six months to 12 months, up to the onset of non-military age or until the condition of vision improves, for example, after correction. It is possible that after several delays, category "B" will be assigned.

"D" is not good. When hostilities begin, a person with this category is not taken into account. The conscript immediately receives a military ID with a mark of military worthlessness.

What diseases exempt from military service

Temporarily exempt the conscript from military service until the visual function improves, or they may not be drafted at all if the vision cannot be corrected. What kind of vision does not take into the army? For myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism, different indications of limitation and unsuitability, depending on the degree of the disease, are assigned a category.

With myopia

Nearsightedness (myopia) - such a diagnosis is made to people who have difficulty seeing distant objects. If a draftee has minus 4 vision, will they take him into the army? Such vision is not a reason for assigning category "B" or "D" - the young man is fit for service.

A slope from the army in terms of vision can be obtained with myopia, if there is myopia in at least one eye over 6 diopters (average degree of myopia) - category "B" is given, and over 12 diopters (high degree of myopia) - "D". Read more about myopia →

With farsightedness

Farsightedness (hypermetropia) is a pathology in which a person does not see objects that are close. They will not be hired if a young person has moderate or high hypermetropia of at least one eye. With an average degree of farsightedness (more than 8 diopters) - the category "B" is given, and with a high degree (over 12 diopters) - "D" is assigned. More about farsightedness →

With astigmatism

Astigmatism is a disease in which a person cannot focus on an object due to an irregular shape of the lens of the eye. With astigmatism (at least in one eye) more than 4 diopters, then a person receives a category "B", more than 6 diopters - "D", that is, he is recognized as unfit for military service. More about astigmatism →

Visual acuity and fitness for service

Visual acuity is an important factor in determining eye health. At a normal rate, its indicator is 1.0, which means that a person is able to see 2 points located nearby at a distance. With a deviation from the norm, the indicators can vary from 0.9 to 0.1. It is determined using the Snellen table, which is in the office of any ophthalmologist. If, with sharpness that is different from the norm, in glasses or lenses, vision falls within the necessary requirements, then you are fit for conscription.

"D" is assigned if:

sharpness in one eye is 0.09 (less than 0.09 or blindness of the eye), and in the other 0.3 or less;
sharpness in both eyes 0.2 or less;
the absence of the eyeball of one eye, while the other has a sharpness of 0.3 or less.

"B" is assigned if:

the sharpness of one eye is 0.09 (less than 0.09 or blindness of the eye), and the other is 0.4 or more;
the sharpness of one eye is 0.3-0.4, the other is 0.3-0.1;
the absence of the eyeball in one eye, and in the other, the sharpness is 0.4 or more.

What other diseases of the eye are not taken into the army?

Eye diseases in which the conscript is assigned category "D":

Blindness.
Glaucoma.
Aphakia and artifakia.
Foreign body inside the eye.
Persistent lagophthalmos.
Strabismus in the absence of binocular vision.
Tapetoretinal abiotrophy.
Atrophy of the optic nerve.
Detachment or rupture of the retina.
Severe pathology of the eyelids - fusion, inversions and eversion of the eyelids.
Diseases of the lacrimal ducts.
Chronic conjunctivitis.
Ulcerative blepharitis.

It is possible to get out of the army by sight if there are injuries or burns of the sclera, iris, ciliary body, cornea, lens, vitreous body, retina, optic nerve.

Why is good vision important for military service?

The conscript must see well, because people with myopia, farsightedness and astigmatism have restrictions on physical activity. If young people with serious eye problems were taken into the army, it could lead to blindness and disability. It is also important for guard duty - the private must always be on the alert (at any time of the day or night), when passing the standards when shooting, etc.

Are they recruited into the army after vision correction?

For some positions, service in the military is important, for example, when working in law enforcement. And whether they will take myopia, hyperopia or astigmatism into the army for many is a question of a future career. Therefore, many go for corrective surgery.

But will they be accepted into the army after vision correction? If initially you had a category "D" - not fit, then after the correction it is necessary to undergo a medical re-examination. Upon successful completion, a new category "A" is assigned - fit or "B" - limited fit, can serve. If you want to be drafted into the army, corrective surgery will help.

It is believed that after operations to restore vision, the eyes become more vulnerable, so it is necessary to monitor physical activity and try not to overstrain the eyes, to avoid injuries.

If a young man receives a deferment from military service, then after 6-12 months, with pathologies or after undergoing eye surgery, he will have to undergo a second medical check before being drafted in order to confirm or refute the diagnosis.

Those recruits who are wondering how to get out of the army if they have vision problems can be advised to be observed by an ophthalmologist to establish an accurate diagnosis and obtain the necessary documents that can later be submitted to the commission. In case of serious illnesses, the young man will not serve; in case of milder forms of illness, the doctor may indicate restrictions on service.

Useful video about deferment from the army for sight

How to live with poor eyesight?

Of course, life continues after vision loss, and the diagnosis is not a sentence. The question is what is this life like, what is its quality and how to set yourself up for the best.

What does "poor vision" mean?

Basically, this phrase refers to a significant deterioration in vision that cannot be completely corrected by glasses, contact lenses, medications or surgery. The phrase is used to describe such states:

The maximum corrected visual acuity is reduced to less than 20/70 (Snellen chart) in the better eye.
Significant narrowing of the visual fields, such as tunnel vision (lack of peripheral vision) or blind spots.
Field of view 20 degrees or less.
Almost total blindness (photosensitivity).

Every year in Russia, about 50,000 people are visually impaired.

Causes of poor vision

The following are eye diseases that lead to decreased vision:

A cataract leads to blurry vision, the so-called. veil of mist before my eyes.
Diabetic retinopathy causes blurry and distorted images.
Poor peripheral vision is the hallmark of glaucoma.
Blurring or partially absent central vision is typical of macular degeneration.
Due to retinitis pigmentosa, peripheral vision and the ability to see in the dark are reduced.
Increased photosensitivity and loss of contrast sensation are additional symptoms of these and other diseases.
Heredity and eye injuries can also lead to poor vision.

The impact of low vision on a person's life

Children as well as adults can be visually impaired due to a birth defect or injury. Visually impaired children may have learning problems and need special instruction from an early age. They also need extra help in socializing with other children and adults.

Poor vision is still more common among adults and the elderly. Loss of vision for them can be a psychological trauma, leading to frustration and depression. Lack of the ability to safely drive a vehicle, read fast, watch TV, or use a computer can make visually impaired people feel cut off from the world. They may not be able to move around the city on their own or buy groceries and other necessities.

Needless to say, many people with poor eyesight have difficulty getting a job.

Some people with vision problems become very dependent on friends and relatives, while others suffer alone. This is wrong, as there are many devices available today that can help visually impaired people live in dignity.

What to do if you have low vision

If you have visual impairments that prevent you from doing your daily activities and are unable to enjoy life, your first step is to see a professional for a complete eye exam.

Reduced vision that is not corrected with glasses or contact lenses can be the first sign of a serious eye condition such as age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, or retinitis pigmentosa. Or it could mean that you are developing a cataract that needs to be surgically removed. In any case, it is wise to take action before your eyesight deteriorates further.

If your ophthalmologist thinks you have a vision loss that cannot be adequately corrected with glasses, medications, or surgery, he or she will help you take the first steps in dealing with the situation.

The specialist will assess the degree and type of vision loss, recommend assistive devices and explain how to use them. For example, illuminated pocket magnifiers, desktop digital magnifiers and telescopic glasses.

New accessories include digital pocket magnifiers for shopping or eating in public places, and software that makes it easier to use a computer (font enlargement and speech playback).

Low vision specialists may also recommend non-optical adaptive devices such as large print materials, audio recordings, lighting equipment, and special document signing devices.

Tinted glasses with UV filters will help with increased light sensitivity. If needed, your ophthalmologist can refer you to a mental health professional or physical fitness instructor to help manage your vision loss.

Is it possible to be drafted into the army if there are vision problems?

Many young conscripts are very interested in the question - with what vision do they not take to the army? If earlier almost any deviation from the norm of vision became a good reason for removing the future soldier from service, now the conditions have changed. Many young people now have an open path to certain branches of the military, even if they have a problem with the visual function of the eyes.

Simplifying the rules

An extremely interesting question: will it be possible now to sag from the army by sight? In recent years - 2015 and 2016, the draft board has become much less selective in choosing young recruits. Due to the fact that the number of guys with visual problems has increased dramatically, the norms have also changed, according to which the suitability of a future conscript for military service is determined. Now, in order to have a full-fledged “slope” from the army precisely because of poor vision, a serious diagnosis is needed, which greatly affects the functionality of the eyes. Otherwise, there is a very high chance that with minor vision problems, a young soldier will be sent to a military unit, where this parameter is not so critical.
In 2017, a few more edits came out and now many guys are assigned to the troops according to the "categories" of fitness, even if they have some problems and wear glasses. In most cases, a young fighter is prescribed small restrictions on physical activity, which can be detrimental to his health.
In other words, many can now serve. But there is an unobvious exception to this rule. In sparsely populated areas, where the number of people for conscription is extremely small, the rules are fully respected, but where there are queues for a place in the army, even a slight deviation will become an exemption from service.

Formed conscription categories and small distribution rules

Now about the indicators with which they are not taken into the army, and with which it is very likely to get there. Now there are five categories, one of which a conscript can fall into when passing a medical examination:

Suitable without restrictions - A. This includes completely healthy young people.
Suitable, but with some restrictions - B. This category includes conscripts with minor vision problems.
Suitable for service in certain military units - B. This category includes those whose refractive difference is within the normal range.
Temporarily unfit for service - G. This category is assigned extremely rarely and most often due to the active phase of the course of diseases that are usually associated with one or another organ, including the eye.
Unfit for service - D. If you have lenses of 6 diopters or more, you cannot be drafted into the army.

Even those who have a diagnosis of nearsightedness or farsightedness fall into category A. Also, small anomalies in the eye area are not a good reason for removing a conscript from service.
What about categories B and C? Those who have more complex diagnoses - astigmatism, or other pathologies of the retina or cornea are distributed here. If the initial form of the disease, which has a minimal effect on visual function, is category B, if the advanced form is C.
With exacerbations of any disease, category G is awarded. Sometimes an operation can become a reason for a delay. If after the medical procedures the vision is worsened, then the probability of a positive response from the commission is very small.
Those with poor eyesight are taken into the army, even if there are some pathologies. But, if you are nearsighted and need a lens with 6 diopters or more, or farsightedness with 8 diopters, then this is the official “white ticket”. With such indicators, the conscript is not fit.

Diseases that the commission misses

It is necessary to clarify a few more diagnoses, which, most likely, the commission will miss. Here already the question of whether they take into the army with poor eyesight, disappears, as such.
Let's start with the most common problems - nearsightedness and farsightedness. To obtain any category of “fit” (A, B, C), it is enough that the conscript clearly sees objects at close range.
Chronic conjunctivitis is rarely missed by a doctor. Usually, fighters with such diagnoses are assigned to a military unit with lengthy recommendations on how to conduct their service, but they are still allowed. In the advanced stages, such a diagnosis becomes one of the options for obtaining a “white ticket”.
No matter how ridiculous it may sound, they also let recruits with glaucoma through. If this diagnosis is confirmed for only one eye, the fighter will be assigned to the unit for duty. Exemption from duty requires glaucoma in both eyes.

Astigmatism of all forms, as long as the conscript is able to distinguish objects at a certain distance. Just like with the previous diagnosis, one eye is not scary, good, two too, as long as you see at least something in front of you.
In order to receive an exemption, you will need to obtain official confirmation from an ophthalmologist, who will confirm that the disease or anomaly really greatly affects the condition of the recruit and limits his abilities.

What does the "white ticket" guarantee?

Whether they will be taken into the army is no longer the right question, you need to know with what diagnosis they will take. There is a small list of eye problems, due to which recruits are not allowed to serve, namely:

Any disease or anomaly in the acute stage. That is, if active degradation of the tissues of the retina, cornea, or something like that has begun, then this is not only a delay, but, most likely, a complete exemption from service. A doctor's confirmation is required.
Blindness and color blindness. Yes, only with such diagnoses 100% will not be called.
Any type of severe eye disease that affects a person's visual function. There are no options, not even worth discussing.

Conclusion on the topic

Due to the fact that many conscripts have vision problems, the criteria for selecting young fighters have been greatly simplified. An army with a score of minus 5 is guaranteed, although not in a combat unit, but will be sent to serve. It is possible that some more changes will be introduced later, but for now these are the rules that apply. To confirm the diagnosis, you will need an examination by a regional ophthalmologist, or any other at the discretion of the commission.
If earlier poor eyesight was a good reason for exemption from service, now a fighter is fit, maybe not for combat and special operations, but he is fit as long as he sees at least something in front of him.

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How does a nearsighted person see? What's going on with his eyes? You will find answers to these and other questions in the article. Nearsightedness is a dangerous visual disorder that people have been aware of since the fourth century BC. Aristotle himself called this anomaly "myopia", which in Greek means "squint". How a nearsighted person sees is described in the article.

Myopia

Few people know how a nearsighted person sees. When myopia occurs, the individual begins to poorly distinguish between a variety of objects placed further than at arm's length. In accordance with medical statistics, myopia is a particularly common ailment among patients over the age of 10 years. Every year the number of such people is growing.

As a rule, myopia begins to progress from 7 to 13 years and can remain at the last level or further develop, worsening a person’s vision more and more every year.

Causes

Do you know how nearsighted people see? The photo presented in the article demonstrates the abilities of their visual system.

Myopia appears due to such reasons:

hereditary predisposition.
An active period of growth, causing a sharp stretching of the muscles of the fundus.
Head injury sustained during childbirth.
Excessive workload at school.
Long pastime in front of the TV, computer, tablet, smartphone.
Long reading of books without good lighting.

What happens to the eyes?

Many people ask the question, “How does a nearsighted person see?” It is known that a healthy individual with 100% vision is very rare. Indeed, due to various factors, almost all people have slightly impaired vision.

How does a healthy person see objects? The rays reflected from them pass through the optical structure of the eye and focus the image on the retina. With myopia, the rays are focused in front of the retina, so the image reaches it already in a blurry form. This happens only when a visually impaired person looks into the distance. As a result, it allows parallel rays of light to hit the retina.

It is important to know that the rays emanating from objects placed close are not parallel, but diverge slightly from each other. This nuance allows a near-sighted person to see them better. After all, after refraction, the image appears precisely on the retina of the eye. Now you know why people with myopia have poor distance vision and good near vision.

Distorted image

Usually, a distorted image does not reach the retina or appears on it in an unnatural form due to:

Disorders of the activity of the optical structure of the eye, which leads to excessive refraction of rays.
Transformation of the shape of the eyeball (with myopia, the muscles of the fundus of the eye relax, causing the eye to become longer).

It should be noted that sometimes one individual has both versions of the disorder of the organs of vision.

What do they see?

So, how do short-sighted people see the world? This question is not easy to answer. Imagine that you cannot focus on the subject and see it blurry, noticing only the contours. A similar effect can be compared to the camera settings on a smartphone. Indeed, at this moment, at first the picture turns out to be soapy or muddy. Also, when watching a film, the character in the foreground is seen perfectly, and the background is blurred, and the viewer can only distinguish the silhouettes of objects located behind the character.

This is how myopic people see the world around them without the use of glasses. Well, if the patient puts on the glasses prescribed by the attending doctor, he will improve his vision and be able to see everything around him in a natural form.

This effect is achieved using optical lenses placed in the frame. They pass light rays through themselves in the correct form. As a result, the resulting image is directly on the retina.

In addition, optical lenses cause the eye muscles to tighten, as a result of which the patient begins to see better. Don't want to suffer vision loss? Follow the basic rules for its preservation and contact the optometrist in time.

Vision minus 2

Let's find out how a nearsighted person sees at minus 2. In fact, people with this degree of myopia do not experience significant discomfort. A person sees without problems objects placed 1.5 m from him. He also easily distinguishes the contours of objects that are a little further away. With this severity, the degree of myopia is considered weak.

A person can write and read, work at a computer, navigate in space without using glasses. True, such myopia is accompanied by blurring of objects placed far away, a feeling of tension in the eye muscles, and headaches.

If you have these symptoms, visit an ophthalmologist immediately. An experienced doctor will examine you, excluding the development of various parallel pathological processes.

The decrease in vision to minus two occurs for the following reasons:

weakness of the tissues of the sclera;
genetic predisposition;
eye-strain;
mechanical damage to the eye;
weakness of accommodation;
violation of visual hygiene.

Often, a lack of vitamins or pathologies of the vascular system lead to myopia.

Today, minus 2 vision is increasingly common in teenagers. This is caused by a long pastime at the PC. Very often in such cases false myopia develops. To recreate visual function, it is enough to perform specific exercises and observe a rest regimen.

Vision minus 3

And how does a short-sighted person see at minus 3? With such vision, mild myopia is usually diagnosed. This violation is due to the creation of a picture by the visual optical system not on the retina, but in front of it (as we discussed above). Therefore, any distant objects seem blurry to a person.

Doctors say that the more advanced the form of myopia, the worse the visibility. This can happen due to a number of reasons. Usually vision minus 3 appears due to weakening of the muscles. Today, experts distinguish several degrees of myopia:

Weak - up to minus three.
Medium - up to minus six.
High - reaches minus 20.

In the first case, the shells of the eyeball are stretched and thinned. Such a process negatively affects the vessels that feed the corresponding structures. Microcirculation inside the body is disturbed.

It should be understood that vision minus three is not a sentence. Today, ophthalmologists use laser, optical, drug therapies or hardware-based functional healing, which makes it possible to successfully get rid of myopia. This well-known ophthalmic abnormality can manifest itself at any age. It is important to contact the clinic in time and start healing.

Vision minus 5

How does a near-sighted person see at minus 5? Recall that this is the average degree of myopia. At minus five, a person sees everything that is located at a distance of ten meters from him, as if in a fog, indistinctly. He weakly sees the size and color of objects, fixes that they are moving.

Often an individual with such vision does not recognize acquaintances at a distance, because he cannot see the features of their faces. Recognition occurs, rather, by voice. That is why people with visual defects usually have a heightened hearing. It should be noted that two people who have an identical visual diagnosis (for example, myopia -5) may not see the same way. One more clearly captures the shape and size of an object at a distance, the other - shades of color.

The answer to the question "How does a near-sighted person see at minus 4?" in this case is identical. After all, this indicator also applies to the average degree of myopia.

To correct an ophthalmic disorder, diverging lenses or glasses are needed. Such devices transfer the display of objects directly to the retina, as it should be.

By the way, at a short distance (30 cm from the eyes), short-sighted people may well embroider without glasses, read, knit. But here it is important to avoid prolonged muscle strain.

Aiman ​​Zhusupova. Vision - minus 7