Dosage forms, their classification and characteristics. Ceraxon: instructions for use, analogs and prices Tablets in the form of a sachet

Preferanskaya Nina Germanovna

Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, First Moscow State Medical University THEM. Sechenova, Ph.D.

Solution (Solutio)- a liquid dosage form obtained by dissolving one or more medicinal substances (solid, liquid or gaseous, low molecular weight or high molecular weight) in an appropriate solvent (Aqua purificato, spiritus aethylicus, etc.). The process of obtaining solutions is accelerated by using preliminary grinding of medicinal substances or by stirring or heating. In pharmacies, standard concentrates are often used for the preparation of certain solutions (a specially made concentrated solution placed in a burette system). Solutions are intended: for internal, parenteral or external use. Depending on the nature of the dispersion medium, they can be manufactured using purified water, an organic solvent (ethanol, glycerin, oil) or viscous dispersion media (for example, polyorganosiloxane liquids). Solutions are dosed by weight, volume or mass-volume concentration.

Drops (Guttae)- liquid dosage form, dosed in drops. Use water, oil, alcohol solutions, the finest suspensions or emulsions of medicinal substances. They can be for enteral (internal) and parenteral use (eye drops, nose, ear). Drops are prescribed in small volumes from 3 ml to 30-50 ml.

Potion (Mixtura,from lat.mixtus - mixed)-this is liquid dosage form for internal use, dosed with a tablespoon, dessert or teaspoon. Potions - liquids of complex composition for internal use, in which the dispersion medium is purified water ... NS then the combined dispersion systems are written out in expanded form, i.e. the recipe lists all the ingredients in the mixture and their quantities. The word "potion" is not indicated in the recipe. A feature of mixtures for internal use is the indication of doses of medicinal substances per dose and the number of doses.

Dosage forms for injection are produced mainly by the pharmaceutical industry in the form of ampoules and vials. They are characterized by sterility, pyrogen-free (do not cause an increase in the patient's body temperature); stability, absence of mechanical impurities and, in some cases, isotonicity (certain osmolarity). Injection solutions are injected with a syringe and, depending on the injection site, are distinguished: subcutaneous, spinal, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, intravenous and other injections. Intravenous injection has been in use since 1690. The first modern syringe with a thin needle for piercing the skin was independently developed by the Scotsman Alexander Wood and the Frenchman from Lyon Charles Gabriel Pravaz. Arthur Smith received a patent for a disposable syringe in 1850. In 1851, a Russian doctor at the Vladikavkaz military hospital, Lazarev, first used subcutaneous injection using a silver tip pulled into a needle. Currently, a syringe ampoule, a penfill, a subcutaneous injector, and other devices are used.

Infusions (Infusa)-aqueous extractions from plant parts: leaves, flowers and grass.

Decoctions (Decocta)- aqueous extracts from bark, rhizomes, roots; from leathery leaves (for example, from bearberry).

Infusions and decoctions contain, in addition to biologically active substances, impurities, or so-called ballast substances: sugar, mucus, bitterness, tannin, pigments, etc. Infusions and decoctions are prepared ex temporae in pharmacies, because they quickly decompose and lose their specific activity. Store in a cool place for no more than 4 days!

Slime- dosage forms of high viscosity, as well as those prepared with the use of starch from an aqueous extract of plant materials.

Suspensions(suspensions) - systems in which a solid is suspended in a liquid medium, the particle size ranges from 0.1 to 10 microns. There are suspensions: inside, for topical use, external use, inhalation, injection, intravenous.

Emulsions- dosage forms formed by liquids insoluble in each other. Emulsions are: for external, injection, intravaginal, nasal use, for intramuscular injection, inside, for inhalation and infusion.

Ethanol solutions are manufactured in volumetric or mass-volumetric concentrations, where the solvent is spiritus aethylicus varying concentration.

Tinctures -Tinctura, alcohol, water-alcohol or alcohol-ether transparent extracts from medicinal plant materials, obtained without heating and removing the extracts, this is a stable dosage form. All tinctures are official, i.e. the concentration of each tincture is determined by the State Pharmacopoeia and is prepared at the factory.

Extracts (Extracta)- concentrated extracts from medicinal plant materials; distinguish between liquid, thick, dry and other types . All extracts are official and are manufactured at the factory. Liquid extracts are dosed in drops. Thick and dry extracts are prepared in powders, tablets, and other dosage forms. Oral extracts are liquid, oily for external (local) use. The dry extract is usually dosed in tablets.

Balms (Balsam) there are several types: for oral administration, for external use, external, for joints, for body, feet, lips, and also a conditioner balm.

Elixir -for external use and for oral administration, oral, dental, for children. In the form of an elixir, Breast Elixir, Phytoimmunal, Kliofit, Bronchicum, etc. are produced.

Medicinal syrup- a solution of a medicinal substance in a thick sugar solution. Syrups are children's and homeopathic. Many children's medicines are prepared in the form of a syrup, because it is easy to dose, it perfectly masks unpleasant taste, for example, 2.4% paracetamol syrup for children in 50 and 100 ml bottles or 0.8% butamirate syrup in 200 ml bottles.

Soft dosage forms

Soft dosage forms are thick mixtures, more often for external use, these include: ointments, gels, creams, pastes, liniments, suppositories, etc.

Ointments (Unguenta)- dosage forms of soft consistency for external use. When the content of a powdery substance in the ointment is more than 25%, the ointment is called Pastes... Ointments are overdose dosage forms, in prescriptions they are prescribed in total. Only in exceptional cases, when substances with a pronounced resorptive effect are prescribed in ointments, ointments are prescribed divided into doses. Distinguish between simple and complex ointments, consisting of one or more active substances, respectively. Currently, most of the ointments are produced by the pharmaceutical industry in finished form, they are prepared according to official prescriptions, without specifying the composition and concentration of medicinal substances.

Liquid ointment for rubbing in from soap and ammonia with camphor is called Opodeldok, Opodeldoks are produced - oral, homeopathic, external. Liquid opodeldoks are a type of liniment.

Liniment- thick liquids or jelly-like masses. The balsamic liniment is produced according to A.V. Vishnevsky for the treatment of burns, wounds, ulcers or liniment to soften the skin.

Suppositories (Suppositoria)- dosage forms, solid at room temperature and melting at body temperature, intended for introduction into body cavities (rectal, vaginal). Suppositories can be in the form of a ball, cone, cylinder, cigar, etc. Distinguish between rectal (suppositories) - suppositori and rectalia, vaginal - suppositori and vaginalia, urethral and sticks - bacilli. Vaginal suppositories in shape can be spherical (balls - globuli), ovoid (ovula), urethral - in the form of a flat body with a rounded end (pessaria - pessaria) or in the form of a vaginal or rectal cone. In suppositories, medicinal substances are used for both local and resorptive action, and are dosed for both adults and children. In rectal suppositories containing poisonous and potent substances, the same rules for higher doses are observed as for dosage forms used internally. Suppositories are prepared on different bases - cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, homeopathic. Most of the suppositories used are factory made.

Pills- dosage form in the form of a ball weighing from 0.1 to 0.5 g, prepared from a homogeneous plastic mass containing drugs and excipients. Currently, they are practically not prepared or used. A pill weighing more than 0.5 g is called Bolus. Currently, the only Chinese-made drug "Huato Boluses" is being produced, which is used internally to correct cerebral circulation of age-related and vascular genesis, treatment and rehabilitation after a stroke.

Different dosage forms

Aerosols (Aerosola)- a dosage form in a special package, in which solid or liquid drugs are in a gas or gaseous substance. High bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of medicinal substances is achieved when they are sprayed in the form of highly dispersed systems. Aerosol packaging involves placing the drug in a special container equipped with a spray head and a valve device. A propellant gas is added to the inside of the aerosol can. In addition, there are special inhalers for spraying highly dispersed powdered drugs. Aerosol preparations include: "Efatin", "Camphomen", "Beclomet", "Troventol", "Ingalipt", "Levovinisol", "Proposol", etc.

Dosed aerosol for inhalation, for local and external use, nasal, sublingual dosed. Spray for local and external use, dosed, nasal, for children, sublingual, sublingual.

Plasters- dosage form for external use in the form of a plastic mass that, after softening at body temperature, adheres to the skin. The plasters are available in the form of t transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS), for example, drugs "Durogesic", "Nitroperkutan TTS", "Nitroderm TTS 5", "Nitroderm TTS 10", "Extraderm TTS 25 (50 and 100)", "Nicotinell TTS10 (20 and 30)".

Intrauterine therapy system(IUD) combines the advantages of the two most reliable methods of contraception - hormonal and intrauterine, and at the same time eliminates their disadvantages. This unique method of long-term contraception was created by the Finnish scientist Tapani Lukkainen in 1970. The IUD is produced in a sterile package under the trade name "Mirena", which is opened only immediately before its installation. The IUD is T-shaped, in its vertical part there is a miniature cylindrical capsule, it contains a synthetic analogue of the female sex hormone progesterone (levonorgestrel), which is responsible for menstruation and pregnancy. After the introduction into the uterine cavity, levonorgestrel is excreted in micro portions through a special membrane within 5 years, the release rate is initially 20 μg / day, and after 5 years it decreases to 10 μg / day. This is a reliable and safe method to protect a woman from unwanted pregnancy.

Sachet(from Latin saccus - a bag, a sachet; fr. sachet - a bag, a bag) is a packaging, which is a flat four-seam bag or a pouch. In the form of a sachet, the drug "Maalox" is produced 15 ml, 8 and 55% gel "Fosfolugel" 16 g each for oral administration.

Medicinal films- dosage form in the form of a polymer film. Ophthalmic films used in ophthalmic practice, as well as gum films and dental films are produced.

Eye films (Membranulae ophthalmicae), in comparison with eye drops, make it possible to dose more accurately and maintain a therapeutic concentration of substances for a long time (24 hours), maintaining sterility and stability, without causing irritation of the conjunctiva. Currently, eye films containing pilocarpine hydrochloride (Membranulae ophthalmicae cum Pilocarpini hydrochlorido), atropine sulfate (cum Atropini sulfate), florenal (cum Florenalo), sodium sulfapyridazine (cum Sulfapyridazino -natrio sulfate), dicain (cum Dicaino) and other substances.

Medicinal pencils medical ( Lapis)- cylindrical sticks 4-8 mm thick and up to 10 cm long with a pointed or rounded end. Produced "Medical pencil" for cauterization and a pencil for inhalation.

On the pharmaceutical market, there are such modern dosage forms as Chewing gumMeryK fruit or mint, Sucking candies, Plate diagnostic and for external use (sticky), Medical glue for external use; Lotions; Poultices; Washing, Teas and etc.

One and the same medicinal product is produced in different dosage forms and is used for certain indications for use. The task of the doctor, patient and pharmacist is to choose the correct dosage form that provides a therapeutic concentration in the blood or a diseased organ, a quick maximum pharmacological effect and achieve the desired result.

Example

Rules for writing out prescriptions on sachets

SACHE

Example

Prescribing rules for complex powders with a commercial name

Example.

Of plant origin

Prescription for herbal powders

¾ start with the name dosage form in the genitive singular with a capital letter (Pulveris), then indicate the part of the plant in the genitive case with a lowercase letter and its name also in the genitive case with a capital letter, then its amount in grams.

¾ the second line gives an indication of the amount of powders: D. t. d N .... (Give such doses in number ...).

¾ the third line is the signature (S. :).

To powders of plant origin (from leaves, roots, etc.), indifferent substances are added if the mass of the powder is less than 0.05.

Rp .: Pulv. radicis Rhei 0.6

D. t. d. N. 24

S .: 1 powder at night.

Complex powders have special commercial names to avoid listing the medicinal substances in their composition. Such powders are prescribed as follows:

¾ the recipe begins with the name of the powder in quotation marks with a capital letter in the nominative case. Further, if the powder is separated, its amount follows (N ....) or, if the powder is not separated, its total mass. The dose for such powders is not indicated.

¾ the second line begins with D. S.:, Followed by the signature.

Rp .: "Regidronum" N. 10

D. S .: 1 powder 3 times a day, first diluted in 1/2 glass of water.

Sachets are available in the form of sachets containing powder or granules for the preparation of a solution or suspension. The use of medicines in the form of a sachet has several advantages:

¾ easy to give to children, the elderly and patients with difficulty swallowing;

¾ the finished product does not need to be stored in the refrigerator (monodose);

¾ easily dissolves to form a solution or suspension, has a pleasant taste;

¾ the dosage is selected depending on body weight, conditions of the course of the disease;

¾ You can purchase as many doses as you need for a course of treatment.

If a medicinal product is produced in only one dosage form - a sachet, then the dosage form is not indicated.

Rp .: "Aspirin complex" N. 10

D. S .: Take after meals, after dissolving the contents of the sachet in a glass of water at room temperature.

But if a medicinal product is produced in several dosage forms, then the name of the dosage form (sachet) is indicated. For example, acetylcysteine can be produced in the form of effervescent tablets, granules for syrup preparation, granules for solution preparation in 3 gram sachets with an active ingredient content of 200 and 600 mg. There can be 6, 10 or 20 sachets in a pack.

Rp .: Sache "АСС 200" N. 10

D. S .:

In some cases, the sachet can be replaced with old dosage forms that are not prepared in pharmacies.

For example, a child has a prescription:

Rp .: Aque Foeniculi 100 ml

D. S .: Take 1 teaspoon 3 times a day.

At the present stage, dill water is practically not prepared in pharmacies. But in pharmacies there are granules for preparation of a solution for oral administration, which contain extract of fruits of fennel and essential oil of fennel in sachets of 5 g of granules called "Plantex".

Rp .: Sache "Plantex" N. 10

D. S .: Take after meals, after dissolving the contents of the sachet in a glass of water at room temperature.

Granules - Official solid non-dose dosage form, in the form of uniform particles of round, cylindrical or irregular shape, obtained in a factory way, intended for internal use.

Sugar, sodium bicarbonate, starch, food colors, etc. are used as auxiliary substances in the production of granules. Excipients are not indicated in the recipe... In granules, medicinal substances are produced that have an unpleasant taste, odor or local irritant effect, but have low toxicity. Granules are dosed in teaspoons or tablespoons, most of the granules are dissolved before use.

(French sachet, abbreviated from sac, Latin saccus - a bag). 1) an aromatic pillow that is placed between the laundry to give it a pleasant scent. 2) a kind of bag or box, lined with scented pads, used to store gloves or handkerchiefs there.

Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language.- Chudinov A.N., 1910 .

fragrant pads are placed between the linen.

Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language - Pavlenkov F., 1907 .

an elegant bag for handkerchiefs, ties, gloves, etc.; also - a scented pillow, which is placed in the laundry drawer to give it a pleasant scent.

A complete dictionary of foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language. - Popov M., 1907 .

French sachet, decrease. from sac, lat. saccus, bag. Aromatic pillow for linen.

An explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots. - Mikhelson A.D., 1865 .

Sachet

(fr. sachet)

1) an aroma pillow filled with a mixture of solid fragrances, which is placed in linen or paper to perfume them;

2) a kind of cloth bag, an envelope decorated with embroidery, ribbons, for storing handkerchiefs, combs, etc.

New Dictionary of Foreign Words - by EdwART,, 2009 .

unsl., cf. [fr. sachet] (deprecated). 1. Small, heavily scented pillow. 2. Small handbag for handkerchiefs.

A large dictionary of foreign words. - Publishing house "IDDK", 2007 .

Sachet

nescl., with. (fr. sachet letters. pouch).
1. A scent pad filled with a mixture of solid fragrances to be placed in linen or paper.
2. A kind of cloth bag, envelope decorated with embroidery, ribbons, for storing handkerchiefs, combs, etc.
|| Wed travel bag, reticule.

Explanatory dictionary of foreign words L.P. Krysin.- M: Russian language, 1998 .

Synonyms:

See what "SACHE" is in other dictionaries:

sachet- unsl., cf. sachet m. letters. pouch. 1. A bag for storing handkerchiefs, combs, etc. BAS 1. Ivan Petrovich showed a sachet made of paper, and instead of silk there was a simple cretonne on the decoration. Smirnova Rosset Vos. 63. My mom is spicy ... ... Historical Dictionary of Russian Gallicisms

- (fr.sachet pouch, sachet< фр. sac мешок, сумка < лат. saccus мешок, сумка < греч. σάκκος мешок): Саше подушечка с ароматизаторами, предназначенная для ароматизации белья или отпугивания… … Википедия

SACHE, uncl., Cf. (French sachet) (obsolete). 1. Small, heavily scented pillow. 2. Small handbag for handkerchiefs. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Table of contents [Show]

Ceraxon is a synthetic nootropic. He has a wide range of effects. The drug reduces the severity of neurological symptoms, inhibits the phospholipase effect and regenerates the membrane part of the cells. In the instructions for the use of "Ceraxon" (in a sachet), the main indications for admission are indicated: strokes of a hemorrhagic and ischemic nature, brain and head injuries, as well as cognitive and behavioral disorders.

The drug comes on sale in the following forms:

solution for oral administration (inside, through the mouth) pinkish color;
solution for injection (intramuscular, intravenous and intravenous drip) colorless;
tablets are whitish, oval in shape.

Also in pharmacies you can see the drug, packaged in a sachet. This is a sachet of free-flowing medicine from which the suspension is prepared.

One ampoule for injection contains 1000 mg or 500 mg of the main substance - citicoline. Water for injection, sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid are used as auxiliary components. The solution is packaged in 4 ml ampoules, which are placed in the cells of the contour packages. Then everything is sealed in cardboard boxes.

Solution for oral administration per 100 ml contains 10 g of citicoline and additional excipients.

These include:

talc.

The solution is poured into a glass container with a volume of 30 ml.

These include:

magnesium stearate and hydrogenated castor oil;
colloidal silicon dioxide (anhydrous) and croscarmellose sodium;
talc.

The tablets are sold in blisters placed in cardboard boxes.

The composition of "Ceraxon" sachets and tablets is identical.

Due to the main substance, the drug has a nootropic effect and has a large spectrum:

enhances the transmission of the cholinergic type in the brain of the head;
regenerates membrane areas of cells;
inhibits phospholipase action;
stops the formation of active oxygen molecules without a paired electrode (free radical);
reduces the number of damaged cells in the brain of the head during a stroke (acute);
inhibits and stops neurological symptoms in craniocerebral injuries, and also shortens the duration of post-traumatic coma.

The use of "Ceraxon" in a sachet, according to reviews from specialists in medicine, is especially effective in the treatment of neurological disorders (motor or sensory), which are of vascular or degenerative origin.

The drug during oxygen starvation (hypoxia) of chronic brain tissues gives good results in the treatment of cognitive disorders (lack of initiative, memory impairment, difficulty in performing self-service actions). In the instructions for the use of "Ceraxon" in a 1000 mg sachet it is said that taking the medicine slows down the manifestations of amnesia and increases attentiveness.

This product is well absorbed. Metabolism occurs in the liver and intestinal tract, followed by the formation of cytidine and choline. After entering the body, the active substance enters the brain and is embedded in the membranes of cells of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial type. Excretion occurs in a small volume (approximately 15%), 3% with urine and 12% with exhaled air.

Doctors identify the main indications for "Tserakson" in a sachet.

These include:

stroke (hemorrhagic or ischemic) during the recovery period;
stroke (ischemic) in the acute period;
head and brain injuries (during recovery and in the acute period).

Also, the reception of "Ceraxon" is necessary for intellectual and behavioral disorders that have arisen with degenerative and vascular disorders in the brain of the head.

This drug should not be used by children under the age of 18 and patients with hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. Also, the reception is prohibited with pronounced vagotonia.

However, in certain cases (the threat of cerebral palsy, prematurity, congenital pathologies, developmental delay), the doctor may prescribe this drug to children. Before that, he makes a prediction and, if the benefit outweighs the risk, "Ceraxon" is prescribed. In this case, treatment takes place under the close supervision of a doctor. The dosage is individual for each child, taking into account the diseases.

The drug in the form of a sachet is used 20 minutes before or after meals. To prepare the suspension, you must open 1 sachet, having previously separated it from the rest. Then the contents are dissolved in 50 ml of water and drunk. The dosage of "Ceraxon" in a sachet should not exceed 2-3 sachets of medicine in 24 hours. The exact dosage for treatment is determined by the doctor depending on the patient's problem.

The drug in the form of an oral solution can be taken with or after meals. It is pre-diluted in a small amount of water without gas (maximum 100 ml can be used). During the day, take 1 g twice. The duration of treatment is determined by a neurologist (usually it lasts no more than 10 days).

When using a solution for oral administration, it is necessary to follow the sequence (to use a special syringe).

It is necessary to immerse the syringe vertically in the vial with the drug.
By pulling the piston upwards, the required amount of fluid should be collected.
It can be dissolved in a little warm water without gas or consumed undiluted.
After taking the syringe, rinse and dry thoroughly. After that, it can be collected for future use.

According to the instructions, the tablets can be taken, regardless of meals. The maximum dosage is 4 tablets. The number of appointments is individual for each patient.

Solution for injection is used in several ways. It can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, and intravenously. All manipulations are carried out by a nurse in a medical institution.

In rare cases, side effects occur when the drug is taken correctly.

These include:

mental disorders that manifest as hallucinations;
from the side of the nervous system, headaches and dizziness are possible;
dyspnea, from the respiratory system;
decrease or increase in blood pressure;
nausea and vomiting, less often diarrhea;
possible manifestation of allergic reactions (urticaria, itching, burning, peeling of the skin), less often Quincke's edema and anaphylactic shock state may occur.

In rare cases, a side effect can manifest itself as a general deterioration in well-being with chills and swelling of the limbs.

The main component of the drug (citicoline) is able to increase the effectiveness of levodopa. Therefore, doctors do not recommend the simultaneous administration of "Ceraxon" with medications that include meclofenoxate.

The instructions for the use of "Ceraxon" in sachets and other forms do not contain data on the consequences of excessive intake of the drug. In 98% of cases, the drug is tolerated normally.

Currently, the instructions for the use of "Ceraxon" in the sachet do not contain data on the effect of the drug on the fetus and the child during breastfeeding. The doctor may prescribe medication for the woman after assessing the risks to the child. If the risk of harm is higher than the benefit, then the woman will have to interrupt breastfeeding.

Currently, there are several analogues of "Ceraxon" in a 1000 mg sachet.

These include:

"Tanakan", "Kogitum", "Nooklerin", "Nootropil" - solutions for oral administration;
"Ginkoum", "Neuromet", "Fezam", "Vinpotropil", "Noben" - capsules;
Omaron, Vincetin, Ginos, Acefen, Memotropil - tablets;
"Escotropil", "Cerebrolysin", "Cerebrolizat" - solutions for the introduction of drugs into the body by injection;
"Cortexin" is a dry type extract.

Substitutes are similar in composition to the drug "Ceraxon". Before buying an analog, it is necessary to agree on a replacement with a doctor.

The price for "Ceraxon" in sachets varies from 1,270 to 1,490 rubles.

The instructions for the use of "Ceraxon" in a 1000 mg sachet and 1000 and 500 mg tablets indicate that the drug must be stored at a temperature not exceeding 30 degrees Celsius.

The oral solution must not be frozen and exposed to low temperatures (refrigerated). This can provoke opalescence, but at temperatures above 20 degrees, this phenomenon disappears.

Small crystals may form in oral solution. This is due to preservatives that can trigger the crystallization process. With proper storage, they dissolve over time, and their appearance does not affect the quality of the drug.

When taking "Ceraxon" it is necessary to avoid actions associated with high concentration of attention (driving a motor vehicle, working with dangerous machinery). This is due to a decrease in the reaction rate when using the drug. After the course of treatment, everything is normalized.

Doctors in their reviews of the drug "Ceraxon" note the following positive qualities.

It is effective in the complex therapy of chronic and acute forms of circulatory disorders in the brain of the head.
It has a regenerative function of cell membranes, and because of this, it reduces damage to brain tissue.
An effective and affordable drug, it can be purchased at every pharmacy.
The agent is well tolerated, and side effects rarely occur.
The drug "Ceraxon" has many forms, it facilitates therapy.
It is used for many neurological diseases.
The drug has a large evidence base (it is well studied).

Many doctors do not see bad qualities in "Ceraxon", except for the high cost.

Pharmacology

Citicoline, being a precursor of key ultrastructural components of the cell membrane (mainly phospholipids), has a wide spectrum of action: it helps to restore damaged cell membranes, inhibits the action of phospholipases, preventing excessive formation of free radicals, and also prevents cell death by affecting the mechanisms of apoptosis.

Ceraxon® is effective in the treatment of sensory and motor neurological disorders of degenerative and vascular etiology.

Pharmacokinetics

Suction

Citicoline is well absorbed when taken orally, with intravenous and intramuscular administration. Absorption after oral administration is almost complete, and bioavailability is approximately the same as after intravenous administration.

Metabolism

When taken orally, the drug is metabolized in the intestine and in the liver with the formation of choline and cytidine. After oral administration, the concentration of choline in the blood plasma increases significantly.

When administered intravenously and intramuscularly, citicoline is metabolized in the liver to form choline and cytidine. After parenteral administration, the concentration of choline in the blood plasma increases significantly.

Distribution

Withdrawal

Release form

The solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration is transparent, colorless.

Excipients: hydrochloric acid 1 M or sodium hydroxide 1 M - up to pH 6.7-7.1, water d / i - up to 4 ml.

4 ml - ampoules (3) - contoured cell packs (1) - cardboard packs.
4 ml - ampoules (5) - contoured cell packs (1) - cardboard packs.
4 ml - ampoules (10) - contoured cell packs (1) - cardboard packs.

Dosage

Oral solution

Acute period of ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury: the recommended dose is 1000 mg (10 ml or 1 sachet) every 12 hours. The duration of treatment is at least 6 weeks.

The recovery period of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, the recovery period of traumatic brain injury, cognitive and behavioral disorders in degenerative and vascular diseases of the brain: the recommended dose is 500-2000 mg / day (5-10 ml 1-2 times / day or 1 sachet ( 1000 mg) 1-2 times / day). The dose and duration of treatment depend on the severity of the symptoms of the disease.

Elderly patients do not need a dose adjustment of Ceraxon®.

Rules for using the dosing syringe

Rules for using the drug in sachets

Solution for i / v and i / m administration

The intravenous drug is administered as a slow injection (within 3-5 minutes, depending on the prescribed dose) or drip infusion (40-60 drops / min). The intravenous route of administration is preferable to the intramuscular route. With intramuscular administration, repeated administration of the drug in the same place should be avoided.

Acute period of ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury: the recommended dose is 1000 mg every 12 hours from the first day after diagnosis; the duration of treatment is at least 6 weeks. 3-5 days after the start of treatment (if the swallowing function is not impaired), it is possible to switch to oral forms of Ceraxon®.

The recovery period for ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, the recovery period for traumatic brain injury, cognitive and behavioral disorders in degenerative and vascular diseases of the brain: the recommended dose is 500-2000 mg / day (5-10 ml 1-2 times / day). The dose and duration of treatment depend on the severity of the symptoms of the disease.

Elderly patients do not need to adjust the dose of Ceraxon® for intravenous or intramuscular administration.

Solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration in an ampoule is intended for single use. After opening the ampoule, the solution should be used immediately. The drug is compatible with all types of intravenous isotonic solutions and dextrose solutions.

Overdose

Due to the low toxicity of the drug, overdose cases have not been described.

Interaction

Citicoline enhances the effects of levodopa.

Ceraxon® should not be administered concurrently with medicinal products containing meclofenoxate.

Side effects

Very rarely (

Composition

INN: Citicoline. Solution for injection contains 500 or 1000 mg citicoline(active substance).

The oral solution contains citicoline, and sorbitol, glycerol, glycerin formal, nipagin, Na citrate, nipazole,saccharinate Na, essence strawberry, dye 4P crimson,sorbate K, citric acid (excipients).

Ceraxon tablets contain 522.5 mg citicoline sodium(equivalent to 500 mg citicoline). The drug in tablets also contains magnesium stearate, talc, anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide, hydrogenated castor oil, sodium croscarmellose (excipients).

The form of the drug is a solution for intramuscular and intravenous administration; oral solution.

Solution for injection is contained in ampoules of 500 mg / 4 ml and 1000 mg / 4 ml. Ampoules are made of colorless glass, have protective plastic tubes, white stripes for breaking. Ampoules are packaged in 3 or 5 pieces. in a blister strip contained in a cardboard box.

The solution for internal administration is contained in colorless glass vials with plastic caps. The bottle contains 30 ml of the drug. The bottle is packed in a cardboard box, the kit includes a syringe for dosing. The tablets are white, film-coated, imprint "C500". The contoured cell package contains 5 tablets, 4 packs of tablets are put into a cardboard box.

Citicoline (active ingredient of the drug) improves the function of ion-exchange pumps in the membranes of the cells of the nervous system. This is due to the emergence of new phospholipids.

Ceraxon IV and Ceraxon drops ensure the stability of the neuronal membrane, thus reducing cerebral edema. As a result, the patient has a decrease cognitive impairment, as well as improving the functions of attention, memory. During the period of an acute state of a person with stroke drug treatment helps to reduce the volume of damage to the brain tissue, helps to activate cholinergic transmission.

In people with traumatic brain injury, treatment with this remedy can reduce the duration of post-traumatic coma, the intensity of neurological symptoms. Under the influence of citicoline, the duration of the recovery period after a stroke is reduced. In sick chronic hypoxia of the brain when using the drug, there is a decrease in such manifestations as lack of initiative, memory impairment, difficulties in the process of self-care and performing ordinary actions. Under the influence of citicoline, manifestations are reduced amnesia, the general level of consciousness rises.

Due to the fact that citicoline is found in the human body, therefore, endogenous and exogenous citicoline is not delineated, it is impossible to study the pharmacokinetics of the drug. 99% of the drug is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, its excretion occurs mainly through the kidneys.

Bioavailability is the same for any type of administration. When administered intravenously and intramuscularly, the metabolism of citicoline occurs in the liver, with the formation of choline and cytidine... Citicoline is mainly distributed in the structures of the brain, choline fractions are quickly incorporated into structural phospholipids, cytidine fractions are incorporated into nucleic acids and cytidine nucleotides. Only 15% of the dose of citicoline received by a person is excreted from the body by the kidneys and respiration.

The indications for the use of the drug are as follows:

acute period of ischemic stroke;
recovery after hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes;
acute and recovery period after traumatic brain injury;
cerebrovascular disease accompanied by impaired behavior and cognitive abilities.

Ceraxon is contraindicated to take under the following conditions:

high sensitivity to the components that the drug contains;
pronounced vagotonia(the tone of the parasympathetic part of the autonomic NS predominates);
diseases of a hereditary nature in which intolerance is noted fructose.

The drug rarely provokes the manifestation of side effects. In some cases, the following manifestations are possible:

allergic reactions(the appearance of itching of the skin, rash, as well as anaphylactic shock);
dizziness and headache;
feeling of tremor and heat, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, change in appetite;
hallucinations, insomnia.

Sometimes the drug causes a feeling of numbness in the paralyzed limbs. It is also possible to stimulate the parasympathetic system, a short change in blood pressure, and it can also cause a short-term change in blood pressure.

If the injections or syrup causes any of the above phenomena, and if they are also aggravated, it is imperative to consult a doctor about the advisability of further treatment.

The instruction for Ceraxon for intravenous and intramuscular administration is as follows. The drug is injected intravenously slowly, depending on the dose, over 3-5 minutes. If the drug is taken by drip at a rate of 40-60 drops per minute. If possible, the drug should preferably be taken intravenously rather than intramuscularly. In acute conditions, treatment should be started as early as possible, preferably on the first day.

Instructions for the use of Ceraxon also depend on the disease that is diagnosed in the patient. In the acute period of traumatic brain injury and ischemic stroke, 1000 mg of the drug should be administered every 12 hours, the course of therapy lasts at least 6 weeks. The injections are given for 3-5 days. Further, if the patient's swallowing function has not been impaired, Ceraxon tablets or syrup can be taken.

The doctor prescribes the dosage of the drug during the recovery period individually, depending on the severity and severity of the symptoms. Ceraxon is administered to children strictly according to the doctor's prescription and in accordance with the dosage indicated by him. Elderly patients do not need to adjust their usual dosage.

When taken orally, the drug is diluted in half a glass of water. You need to drink it during the absorption of food or between meals. In the acute period of TBI or stroke, 1000 mg (10 ml or one packet) is prescribed every 12 hours, treatment lasts at least 6 weeks.

For children, Ceraxon syrup is prescribed for lesions of the central nervous system of varying severity... The instruction for the syrup for children is individual and depends on the severity of the lesion, the age of the child, the reaction to the drug, etc. 1 ml (100 mg) twice a day. Further, the treatment is individually prescribed by the doctor, while the child should not take more than 5-20 ml of the drug per day. The solution contained in the ampoule must be used once. It should be used immediately after the ampoule has been opened. Ceraxon is combined with isotonic solutions and solutions dextrose.

Given the fact that the drug is low-toxic, no cases of overdose have been reported.

Citicoline may enhance the effects on the body levodopa... Treatment with Ceraxon is not carried out at the same time as drugs, which include meclofenoxate.

It is sold in pharmacies with a doctor's prescription.

Store Ceraxon in its original packaging. Protect from light. The drug can be stored at room temperature (up to 30 degrees).

You can store it for 3 years.

During treatment with this drug, the patient should be very careful about activities that require extreme caution and a quick reaction.

If the oral solution has been kept in a cold place for some time, crystals may form in it due to partial temporary crystallization of the preservative. If the drug is further stored at room temperature, the crystals dissolve over several months. At the same time, the quality of the medicinal product remains high.

Tserakson's analogs are nootropic drugs that have a similar effect on the body. These are drugs Neurodar, Somazina, Somaxon, Nootropil, Lycetin, Glycine, Gliatilin and others. Some analogs are cheaper, but Cerakson can be replaced only after such actions have been agreed with the doctor.

Somazina.

For children, the drug is prescribed from birth, it is indicated for lesions of the central nervous system.

The drug is used to treat premature newborns. The treatment regimen is prescribed by the doctor depending on the individual characteristics of the infant's condition.

It is not recommended to combine taking the drug with alcohol.

To date, there is not enough data on the use of Ceraxon by pregnant women. Animal studies have not shown any negative effects on the body. However, taking the drug for pregnant women is prescribed only if the benefits of such treatment outweigh the potential risk to the unborn child.

There is no data on the release of the active substance with milk, therefore, lactation for the period of treatment with this drug must be stopped.

Reviews of doctors about the drug, as well as those reviews that patients send to a specialized forum, indicate that the drug is effective both in the acute period and during recovery from stroke and TBI. When accepting children, parental reviews are different. In particular, they are talking about both the effective positive effect that the syrup has and the manifestation of some side effects, for example, hyperactivity child. But the drug should be taken by both adults and children only under the supervision of doctors.

Ampoules of Tserakson can be bought in Moscow for 1200-1250 rubles (5 ampoules 1000 mg). In Ukraine, a package with 5 ampoules of the drug 1000mg can be purchased for 400-500 UAH. In Dnepropetrovsk, the price of the drug in ampoules is about UAH 500-550.

The price of Ceraxon syrup (30 ml) in Russia is about 700 rubles, the price of tablets (20 pcs.) Is about 1500 rubles. Drops in Ukraine can be bought at a price of 320 UAH.

Ceraxon solution 1000 mg / 4 ml 4 ml 5 pcs Ferrer Internacional

Ceraxon solution 100 mg / ml 10 ml 10 pcs Ferrer Internacional

Ceraxon solution 100 mg / ml 30 ml Ferrer Internacional

Ceraxon solution 500 mg / 4 ml 4 ml 5 pcs Ferrer Internacional

Ceraxon solution for injection 500mg 4ml ampoule No. 5 Ferrer Internacional

Cerakson solution for injection 1000mg 4ml ampoule No. 5 Ferrer Internacional

Ceraxon oral solution 100mg / ml 30ml bottle + syringe dispenser Ferrer Internacional

Ceraxon oral solution 100mg / ml 10ml No. 10 pack Ferrer Internacional

CeraxonFerrer International S.A., Spain

Ceraxon solution for oral administration 10g / 100ml 30ml No. 1Ferrer International (Spain)

CeraxonFerrer Internacional (Spain)

Ceraxon solution for injection 500mg ampoule 4ml No. 5Ferrer International (Spain)

Ceraxon 1000mg / 4ml amp 4ml No. 5Ferrer International

Ceraxon 10 g / 100 ml 10 ml No. 10 oral solution Ferrer Internation S. A (Spain)

Ceraxon 500 mg No. 20 tabl.p.p. Ferrer International S.A (Spain)

Ceraxon 1000 mg / 4 ml No. 5 solution amp.Ferrer International S.A (Spain)

Ceraxon 10 g / 100 ml 30 ml oral solution Ferrer International S.A (Spain)

Ceraxon 1000 mg / 4 ml No. 10 solution amp.Ferrer International S.A (Spain)

The drug Ceraxon is an effective nootropic drug with a fairly wide spectrum of therapeutic activity. The scope of the product covers both treatment and prevention of various brain pathologies. Improper use of Ceraxon leads to the development of undesirable side effects due to the high level of activity of the drug. The selection of the form of the drug, the therapeutic dosage and the scheme of use should be carried out only by an experienced specialist.

Now let's dwell on this in more detail.

The Ceraxon remedy is most often produced in the following forms:

30 ml vials with pink colored oral solution containing 10 mg of active ingredient in 100 ml of medication;
4 ml ampoules filled with an injection solution with a dosage of the active ingredient of 500 mg or 1000 mg;
tablets containing 500 mg of the active element in each unit.

The most popular form is injection. However, in some cases, doctors prescribe the use of tablets or oral solution. The required form of release is determined solely on the basis of the examination of the patient and the characteristics of the course of the disease.

Sodium citicoline is used as the main active element of the Ceraxon preparation. The dosage of the substance in one unit of the product is determined by the form of release. The range of auxiliary elements is also different.

Tablet form: talc, titanium dioxide, castor oil and magnesium stearate, ammonium methacrylate copolymer, microcrystalline cellulose.
Oral solution: glycerin, citric acid, glycerin formal, purified water, sorbitol, sodium citrate and saccharinate, food coloring, berry essence, methylparaben, nipazole.
Injection solution: water for injection, sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid.

By the type of therapeutic action, the drug Ceraxon belongs to the group of nootropic drugs with a wide range of effects. Among the main effects that the active component of the drug provides, there are:

improving the quality of cholinergic synapses in the brain;
inhibition of the activity of phospholipase enzymes;
restoration of damaged cell membranes;
a decrease in the duration of being in a coma and the frequency of various manifestations of a neurological nature;
preventing the formation of free radicals;
a significant decrease in the area of damage to brain tissue in a state of acute stroke;
helps to accelerate the recovery period.

In the case of the development of chronic hypoxia, Ceraxon has a positive effect on various cognitive pathologies. These include:

memory impairment;
apathy and lack of initiative;
problematic performance of daily self-service activities.

During therapy with the drug Ceraxon, not only the ability to memorize information improves, but also concentration of attention, performance and the general state of brain activity.

The drug Ceraxon is most often prescribed by doctors in combination with other medicines to enhance the therapeutic effect and expand the range of effects. However, with some pathologies, it is possible to independently use the drug for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.

Do not initiate therapy based solely on the instructions for use. The individual characteristics of each person's body necessitate consultation with a specialist.

The main conditions in which the use of the drug Ceraxon for adult patients is prescribed are:

ischemic stroke in the acute phase (as one of the components of complex therapy);
the rehabilitation period after suffering an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke;
various traumatic brain lesions (as a component of complex treatment and means for recovery);
cognitive impairments and behavioral abnormalities as a result of the development of various degenerative pathologies and cerebrovascular diseases.

The use of Ceraxon by children under the age of 18 is categorically contraindicated. This is due to the fact that a sufficient number of reliable clinical studies regarding the safety of drug use in this group of patients are absent.

Due to the fact that the safety of using Ceraxon by pregnant and breastfeeding women has not been clinically proven, the use of this agent for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes is undesirable. However, the doctor can still prescribe the use of a certain dosage of Ceraxon during these periods, if only the benefits of the action of the drug for the woman outweigh all possible risks.

The list of prohibitions on the use of Ceraxon for treatment or prevention is not large enough. The main conditions in which the use of the drug is contraindicated are:

intolerance and hypersensitivity to drug substances;
increased tone of the parasympathetic nervous system;
children under 18 years of age;
pregnancy and the period of hepatitis B;
hereditary fructose intolerance.

Due to the rather high activity of citicoline, the determination of the appropriate therapeutic dosage of Ceraxon should be carried out only by an experienced physician based on the results of the patient's examination. The same applies to the use of funds for prevention and recovery.

Ceraxon injections are recommended to be administered slowly. The administration time varies from 3 to 5 minutes, depending on the therapeutic dose. When injected intramuscularly, it is important to avoid injections in the same places. A drip method of infusion of the drug is also possible. In this case, the introduction of Ceraxon should take place within 40-60 minutes.

In acute ischemic stroke or various brain injuries, it is recommended to take 1000 mg of citicoline twice a day with an interval of 12 hours. The therapy period should not be less than 6 weeks. According to the doctor's prescription, it is possible to switch to the oral form of Ceraxon 4-6 days after the start of treatment.

During the recovery period after a stroke and head injury, as well as with various cognitive and behavioral pathologies, it is recommended to take from 500 mg to 2000 mg of citicoline per day. The dosage should be divided into two doses. The amount of the substance is determined by the patient's condition and the nature of the disease.

Citicoline, which is the active component of Ceraxon, exhibits a fairly high medicinal activity. In this regard, improper use of the product entails the development of various side effects. However, if you follow the regimen prescribed by your doctor, the likelihood of their manifestation is significantly reduced. Among the main side effects are:

severe dizziness;
acute headaches;
attacks of hallucinations;
difficulty breathing (dyspnea);
vomiting and nausea;
hypertension or hypotension;
heart palpitations (may be accompanied by pain);
anaphylactic shock (extremely rare);
diarrhea;
itchy skin allergic reactions;
Quincke's edema (extremely rare).

The most common side effect after taking Ceraxon is a general painful condition of the body, accompanied by chills and weakness.

Medicines containing meclofenoxane are prohibited from being taken together with Ceraxon. There was also a significant increase in the action of levodopa when combined with citicoline.

If stored improperly, Ceraxon may slightly crystallize. This effect disappears if the correct storage conditions for the medication are established after a few months. The appearance of crystals in the Ceraxon dosage form does not affect the quality of the drug.

During therapy with the agent, it is necessary to use caution when driving vehicles and working with unsafe mechanisms.

Due to the fact that citicoline does not show a toxic effect, cases of intoxication with an overdose of the drug were not observed.

Ceraxon should be kept out of the reach of children at a temperature not exceeding 30 degrees. Oral solutions must not be frozen or refrigerated.

Instead of Ceraxon, you can take the following drugs:

Quinel is a drug from Veropharm, Russia, which is a complete analogue of Ceraxon. It comes in the form of a solution that can be injected into a vein or muscle. It is permissible to prescribe it during pregnancy if the benefit to the mother outweighs the risk to the fetus. Quinel cannot be used to treat children. During therapy, breastfeeding should be interrupted.
Citicoline is a domestic nootropic drug that is produced in the form of an injection solution administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The medicine can be prescribed to patients who are carrying a child. Citicoline should not be prescribed for underage patients or for breastfeeding mothers.
Ceresil Canon is a complete analogue of the drug Ceraxon. The drug is produced in the form of solutions for oral administration and parenteral administration. The medication can be prescribed for pregnant women under strict indications. It cannot be used in pediatrics, it is incompatible with breastfeeding.
Recognan contains citicoline as an active ingredient. The medication is produced in solutions for oral administration, intravenous and intramuscular administration. It is allowed to prescribe it to women in a position if the benefits to them outweigh the harm to the fetus. Due to the lack of experience in using the drug in children, it should not be prescribed to persons under the age of 18, since it is not known how it will affect the growing body. It is not known whether the active ingredient is excreted through the mammary glands, therefore, the nootropic agent is not recommended for use during lactation.

The cost of Ceraxon is on average 963 rubles. Prices range from 624 to 1739 rubles.

Clinical and pharmacological group

Nootropic drug

Release form, composition and packaging

Oral solution

Excipients: sorbitol - 200 mg, glycerol - 50 mg, methyl parahydroxybenzoate - 1.45 mg, propyl parahydroxybenzoate - 0.25 mg, sodium citrate dihydrate - 6 mg, sodium saccharinate - 0.2 mg, strawberry flavor (strawberry essence 1487-S-Lucta) - 0.408 mg , potassium sorbate - 3 mg, citric acid solution 50% - up to pH 5.9-6.1, purified water - up to 1 ml.

30 ml - bottles of colorless glass (1) complete with a dosing syringe - cardboard packs with partitions.

Oral solution - a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic strawberry smell.

Excipients: sorbitol - 2000 mg, glycerol - 500 mg, methyl parahydroxybenzoate - 14.5 mg, propyl parahydroxybenzoate - 2.5 mg, sodium citrate dihydrate - 60 mg, sodium saccharinate - 2 mg, strawberry flavor (strawberry essence 1487-S-Lucta) - 4.08 mg , potassium sorbate - 30 mg, citric acid solution 50% - up to pH 5.9-6.1, purified water - up to 10 ml.

10 ml - sachets made of combined material (6) - cardboard packs.
10 ml - sachets made of combined material (10) - cardboard packs.

pharmachologic effect

Nootropic drug. Citicoline, being a precursor of key ultrastructural components of the cell membrane (mainly phospholipids), has a wide spectrum of action: it helps to restore damaged cell membranes, inhibits the action of phospholipases, preventing excessive formation of free radicals, and also prevents cell death by affecting the mechanisms of apoptosis.

In the acute period of stroke, citicoline reduces the amount of damage to the brain tissue, improves cholinergic transmission.

In traumatic brain injury, it reduces the duration of post-traumatic coma and the severity of neurological symptoms, in addition, citicoline helps to reduce the duration of the recovery period.

In chronic hypoxia of the brain, citicoline is effective in the treatment of cognitive disorders such as memory impairment, lack of initiative, difficulty in performing daily activities and self-care. Increases the level of attention and consciousness, and also reduces the manifestation of amnesia.

Ceraxon is effective in the treatment of sensory and motor neurological disorders of degenerative and vascular etiology.

Pharmacokinetics

Suction

Citicoline is well absorbed when taken orally. Absorption after oral administration is almost complete, and bioavailability is approximately the same as after intravenous administration.

Metabolism

The drug is metabolized in the intestine and in the liver to form choline and cytidine. After oral administration, the concentration of choline in the blood plasma increases significantly.

Distribution

Citicoline is largely distributed in the structures of the brain, with the rapid introduction of choline fractions into structural phospholipids and cytidine fractions - into cytidine nucleotides and nucleic acids. Citicoline enters the brain and is actively incorporated into the cellular, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes, forming part of the structural phospholipid fraction.

Withdrawal

Only 15% of the administered dose of citicoline is excreted from the human body; less than 3% - by the kidneys and about 12% - with exhaled CO2.

In the excretion of citicoline in the urine, 2 phases can be distinguished: the first phase, lasting about 36 hours, during which the rate of excretion decreases rapidly, and the second phase, during which the rate of excretion decreases much more slowly. The same is observed in the exhaled CO2 - the rate of excretion decreases rapidly after about 15 hours, and then decreases much more slowly.

Indications

Acute period of ischemic stroke (as part of complex therapy);

The recovery period of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes;

Traumatic brain injury, acute (as part of complex therapy) and recovery period;

Cognitive and behavioral disorders in degenerative and vascular diseases of the brain.

Contraindications

Severe vagotonia (predominance of the tone of the parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system);

Children and adolescents up to 18 years of age (due to the lack of sufficient clinical data);

Rare hereditary diseases associated with fructose intolerance;

Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

Dosage

The drug is taken with meals or between meals. Before use, the drug can be diluted in a small amount of water (120 ml or 1/2 glass).

Acute period of ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury: the recommended dose is 1000 mg (10 ml or 1 sachet) every 12 hours. The duration of treatment is at least 6 weeks.

The recovery period of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, the recovery period of traumatic brain injury, cognitive and behavioral disorders in degenerative and vascular diseases of the brain: the recommended dose is 500-2000 mg / day (5-10 ml 1-2 times / day or 1 sachet (1000 mg) 1-2 times / day). The dose and duration of treatment depend on the severity of the symptoms of the disease.

Elderly patients dose adjustment of the drug Ceraxon is not required.

Rules for using the dosing syringe

1. Place the dosing syringe in the vial (the plunger of the syringe is fully lowered).

2. Gently pull on the plunger of the dosing syringe until the solution level is level with the corresponding mark on the syringe.

3. Before taking the required amount of solution can be diluted in 1/2 glass of water (120 ml).

Rules for using the drug in sachets

1. Holding the bag upright, gently tear off the edge at the "Open here" mark.

2. The contents of the sachet can be drunk immediately after opening, or before use, it can be diluted in 1/2 glass of water (120 ml).

Side effects

Very rarely (
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We asked aromatherapist Olga Straganova about what a sachet is and how to use it correctly.

Sachet is the easiest way to make things around us smell good. In the old days, sachet was an indispensable attribute of the house of every self-respecting lady, a symbol of home and economy. Usually sachets are small pads or pouches filled with aromatic herbs, petals, sometimes even twigs, and spices. The use of aromatic oils in sachets was also not prohibited, they retained the smell longer than dry flowers and made it more saturated.

Most often, sachets are used in closets with clothes - so your linen will always smell wonderful in spring. Most often, the sachet pillow is simply put on the shelf, but the skill of a woman was considered to be the ability to give the sachet an exquisite look. So, the pillow can be trimmed with braid, fringe or lace, folded in a pile and tied with a silk ribbon. Some craftswomen sew a loop to the sachet - so it can be hung on a hanger, giving a scent to a dress or coat.

In addition, according to an old belief, sachets with herbs are protective items that protect the house from bad people and evil spirits, and also neutralize quarrels within the family. In this case, the sachet can be seen hanging at the entrance to the house or, for example, on the back of the matrimonial bed. The latter, moreover, promote relaxation, normalize sleep. People wore small bags of herbs around their necks (this can still be seen among some peoples) as a talisman bringing good luck or an amulet that drives away evil spells.

How to make a sachet correctly

In order to make a scent bag on our own, we need any natural fabrics that breathe. It can be cotton, natural silk, linen, hemp, burlap, chintz or bamboo. Synthetic fabrics are not suitable for this purpose - the sachet will quickly lose its flavor.
The form for the sachet can be absolutely any, from the simplest bag to the original toy. If you make a sachet in the form of a pillow, then the traditional dimensions of such a pillow are 5 cm x 5 cm or 10 cm x 10 cm
We sew the bags, leaving a small hole through which it can be turned onto the front side and stuffed.
Choosing herbs, be sure to make sure they are completely dry. Otherwise, your sachet will smell like mold. After the choice is made and the herbs are prepared, they are turned into powder or very finely crumbled, then sifted through a sieve and mixed with honey.
You can add essential oils to herbs, they are ideal to emphasize the strength and depth of the sachet scent or breathe new life into an old mixture that has lost its fragrance. Put a few drops of any plant essential oil that you like in the mixture and smell.
Fill the sachet with the prepared mixture and sew it up, even if the sachet is in the shape of a bag, otherwise it will crumble. Everything! Now the sachet can be hung in the closet, in the car, put in a pillowcase, laid out or hung in any room. Or you can give it - it will be a wonderful sign of attention.

Herbs for sachets

Laundry aromatization - rose, lavender, ylang-ylang, cloves, rosemary, mint, lemon.

Good sleep (for the bedroom) - verbena, geranium, valerian, rose petals.

Rest, relaxation, anti-stress - coniferous smells of cedar, juniper or pine.

Immunity, protection against colds - rosemary, sage, lemon balm, thyme.

Efficiency, activity - citrus fruits (lemon, orange, grapefruit, tangerine)

Aphrodisiacs (sexual arousal) - ylang-ylang, patchouli, rose, jasmine, gardenia

Special formulations for sachets

Sasha "Guard" to protect the house - take a handful of salt, a tablespoon of rosemary and basil, a teaspoon of fennel and dill seeds, a laurel leaf and a piece of fern leaf of the same size. This mixture must be placed in a red cloth, and the sachet itself must be covered at the highest point of your house.

Sasha "Guard" for wearing - combine a tablespoon of dill seed, a dessert spoon of caraway seeds and a teaspoon of flaxseed. Sprinkle everything with a handful of salt and carry in a white bag.

Sasha "Bogatstvo" - so that the river of money does not bypass you, take a tablespoon of patchouli, dessert cloves and tea cinnamon, put a gold ring (but not an engagement ring) in this mixture, place it in a green cloth and always carry it in your purse next to your wallet.

Sasha "Love" very beautiful: petals from three red roses, the peel of half an orange, a pinch of dry sage and gypsophila. Mix this composition thoroughly and wear it in a pink silk pouch around your neck.