The reasons for the irregular cycle of menstruation in girls. What to do if a teenager's period is delayed Tests for girls

An important stage of growing up is the first period in girls. It is believed that modern adolescents are much more aware of the characteristics of their body than their parents, especially grandparents. In reality, the first day of menstruation can be a surprise for a girl, since children do not always have information about such an intimate process. To avoid the fears and worries associated with growing up, you should tell your child about what is happening in the body in connection with the beginning. It is better for mom to take care of this, who must not miss a single nuance. The girl should know that everything that happened to her is an absolute norm. At the same time, she needs to understand when to seek help from relatives or a doctor, how to behave during menstruation, and what should be avoided.

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Harbingers of the first critical days

First menses in girls. It depends on many factors:

Heredity. The earlier the mother's period went, the more likely their appearance the same period in the daughter;
Nationalities. Southerners grow up earlier;
Past diseases that can inhibit physical development;
Lifestyle and nutrition;
Body type, physical development.

Despite the differences in the age of the onset of menstruation, there are common features for all, according to which it is easy to understand when menstruation will go for the first time. They appear two years earlier than menarche should be expected. During this period, girls change physiologically:

The figure becomes more feminine, that is, the mammary glands are rounded, the hips are made wider;
Hair appears in the armpits and in the pubic area;
The sebaceous glands begin to work more actively, so the skin and hair become fatter, maybe on the face, chest, back.

The quick critical days in adolescents also affect the character long before they begin. The girl can become more abrupt, disobedient, whiny, even aggressive for no reason. This is due to the hormonal changes in the young body, which lasts at least two years.

The first menstruation in girls is quite definite, spotting does not come suddenly. An attentive mother will notice herself and warn her daughter that menstruation is preceded by the following symptoms:

The nature of vaginal discharge changes. They become thicker. It is important not to confuse a healthy girl with mucus that occurs during inflammation. In the first case, the discharge is transparent or milky and odorless;
Aching pain in the lower abdomen. It can be combined with an unreasonable headache, rapid fatigability;
Change of mood. Menstruation in adolescents in the emotional sphere does not differ much from what is happening with adult girls and women. Just yesterday, a cheerful and cheerful girl, shortly before her first menstruation, can become angry, capricious, touchy. Or she is thrown to the other extreme, she is possessed by apathy and drowsiness.

If a girl has a figure, secondary sexual characteristics are more clearly manifested and the listed circumstances are noticed, one can undoubtedly expect an imminent arrival of menstruation.

What should happen at the first menstrual period

The released blood in girls normally does not exceed 50-150 ml. This is a small loss for the body, but since everything happens for the first time, it is accompanied by certain inconveniences:

For most girls, the first cycle is painful. runs from 2 to 4 days. Pain sensations are localized in the lower triangle of the abdomen and lower back;
The first time is characterized by a breakdown, headache, sometimes the process can be accompanied;
The emotional state of the girl, as a rule, is restless; she can be unnaturally or unnaturally indifferent to everything.

How to behave during the first menstruation

Is of the utmost importance. Of course, girls are taught from an early age to wash and change clothes every day. But ignoring the rules of hygiene or even insufficient cleanliness when the first time went menstruation can cost dearly to health and damage her future adult life. These days it is more advisable to use pads with an outer layer of natural material. This makes it easier to control the volume of secretions, to protect the skin and mucous membranes from overheating, sweating and irritation. The gasket should be changed every 3 hours. It is better to wash not using soap, which dries out mucous membranes and the surface of the skin, but with well-known means intended for intimate hygiene. You should not take a bath on critical days, a shower will be more useful. It is important to remember and inspire the girl that soiled linen is a source of an unpleasant odor, and most importantly, a favorable environment for microbes, a source of inflammatory diseases, which will then have to get rid of for years.

The child should also be explained that heavy is unacceptable during menstruation. They are not only able to worsen the state of health, but also cause irreversible harm in the future, negatively affect the possibility of becoming a mother.

Protecting the emotional state of the girl on critical days, one should provide her with psychological comfort, eliminate all irritating factors. At the same time, it is necessary to explain that the arrival of menstruation means the possibility of becoming pregnant with a partner. The child should be aware of the consequences of early sexual life and methods of protection. Prudishness and shyness in this matter are costly for mothers and daughters.

The duration of the first menstruation

The first is usually 28 to 30 days. Themselves menstruation can go 3-7 days. Minor deviations from these parameters do not mean anything. A strong discrepancy between these numbers should be a reason to contact a gynecologist. Inflammatory diseases of the female reproductive system have become much younger in the past few decades. Ovarian neoplasms are diagnosed even in girls who have not had sexual relations. Menstruation problems can signal one of these diseases, so it is important to track the timing, duration and intensity of the first menstruation.

Monthly first year can be. Their cyclicity is established within 2 years. At this time, the intervals between menstruation can be from 1.5 to 3 months.

What to do if your first period does not come

If there are no objective reasons for this, then it is worth consulting with a gynecologist. The absence of menarche can be caused by hormonal imbalance, which is easier to correct if detected early.

Regular and adequate nutrition. Teenagers are often unhappy with their appearance and, wanting to quickly achieve perfection, torture the body with tough ones. One of these can cause the absence of menarche;
Unstable emotional background. Conflicts in the family and school, keeping a girl in constant tension, can deplete the body so much that menstruation does not occur.

As a drug support, doctors prescribe the drug Duphaston. But you can take it only after making sure that any diseases are not involved in the absence of the first menstruation. And only after consulting a doctor.

When you need to see a doctor during the first menstruation

Even with apparent health, adolescents sometimes develop medical problems during puberty. The first menstruation in girls, their character serves as a litmus test for the detection of previously hidden diseases. This is why it is important to know under what circumstances menstruation can be dangerous for a young body:

The break between periods is more than 3 months. Even in the first 2 years, when the cycle is just forming, such a time period is abnormal. A break may indicate endocrinological problems, inflammation or pregnancy;
by the time of menstruation. If, after 9-10 days, spotting continues, it is urgent to show the girl to a teenage gynecologist. It may happen that this is no longer menstruation, but internal bleeding caused by inflammation;
Excessive amount of blood. You can determine this parameter by hygiene items. If a large or medium-sized pad becomes unusable after 3 hours of use, this should prompt you to contact a specialist. In this case, the girl loses too much blood, which adds to her lethargy and drowsiness. Procrastination with a visit to the doctor can bring the body to such a state that cleaning is needed to stop bleeding;
Too much abdominal pain. Menstruation does not go without such sensations, at least in the first days. But if they are unbearable and interfere with your normal life, you should check if the critical days are only to blame.

The arrival of the first menstruation for every girl is a milestone event in her life. It means the end of childhood and the onset of adolescence. The task of parents is to make sure that in this wonderful and difficult period their daughter feels the care and support of her loved ones. It is important to teach the girl to understand the significance of what is happening, and also not to be afraid or intimidated by a medical examination.

Appears at the age of 9-14 and is often irregular.

Normally, menstruation should have a cycle of 21 to 35 days and a duration of 3 to 6 days. If every time the blood on the panties appears unexpectedly - then after 3 weeks, then after 6, this indicates the instability of the menstrual cycle.

Modern mothers should know what irregular periods in a teenager are and take timely measures if critical days develop into pathology.

Features of the menstrual cycle in adolescents

For the first few years after menarche (the first bleeding from the genital tract), not all adolescent girls have a regular menstrual cycle. Its instability is associated with hormonal changes in the body and changes in the work of the endocrine system. Therefore, gynecologists consider frequent periods at the age of 12, 14, 15 years to be the norm.

Within 2 years, the menstrual cycle must be established without fail. If more than 3 years have passed after menarche, and critical days continue to come at different times, the mother should show her daughter to a pediatric gynecologist for timely detection of diseases.

Any deviation can become a reason for an urgent appeal to a specialist:

Lack of menstruation for three months or more.
Blood is released every 2 weeks for 2 to 3 months.
For several months in a row, the cycle has a duration of more than 45 days.
The duration of each period is more than 7 days.
Intense bleeding forces you to change your hygiene product every 2 hours or more.
Sharp fluctuations in weight.
The skin becomes oily and blackheads appear.
Hirsutism is observed - excess hair growth on the face and body.
Symptoms of pregnancy, if a girl is already sexually active at the age of 14-16 (sometimes her periods continue to go even after conception).

Medical statistics show that more than 50% of adolescent girls face an unstable menstrual cycle. A delay in menstruation and their complete absence in a teenager in gynecology is defined by the term amenorrhea. If the cycle duration exceeds 35 days, doctors diagnose oligomenorrhea.

Safe causes of irregular periods in girls

Consider what causes of irregular menstruation at 14 years old girls may have. Let's talk about the impact of external factors. The work of the reproductive system can be affected by both the unfavorable environmental situation in the place of residence and the unhealthy atmosphere in the family. Parents' asocial behavior and insufficient attention depress the child's psyche and affect his development.

Other causes of unstable periods during puberty include:

Stress - frequent troubles and experiences negatively affect the state of the body of a young girl. Psycho-emotional overload increases the likelihood of an irregular arrival of menstruation.
Hereditary predisposition - if a mother has gynecological problems, most likely, genetically they will be passed on to her daughter.
Physical activity - intensive sports, improper daily routine, lack of sleep hours create exorbitant stress on a fragile body. Working in an enhanced mode, he does not have time to fully cope with all the functions.
Poor nutrition - an abundance of fast foods and other unhealthy foods, as well as a deficiency of vitamins and minerals, are harmful in adolescence. In order for her period to stabilize as soon as possible, a girl should adhere to a proper diet, monitor her weight and avoid excessive thinness or obesity.

Climate change can also cause irregular periods at age 13 in girls and adult women. Changing your place of residence, traveling abroad and relaxing at sea in your own country force the body to acclimatize. This causes cycle failures.

The first menstruation in girls comes after hair growth in the pubic and axillary zones and the beginning of breast growth. Doctors say that the body is ready to bleed when the amount of adipose tissue is 17%. But for a regular cycle, the body needs 22% of adipose tissue. Observations have shown that in obese girls, menstruation begins earlier than in thin girls, and is established faster.

Irregular periods in adolescents as a sign of illness

If a teenage girl has irregular periods not associated with physiological factors, she needs to be examined for the development of a serious illness. First of all, the doctor should pay attention to the condition of the genital tract and ovaries. Fistulas, injuries of the genitourinary organs, oncological changes, work imbalance between the pituitary gland and the ovaries negatively affect the menstrual cycle.

Chlamydia and human papillomavirus - infectious diseases - can make critical days unstable. They are characterized by juvenile bleeding. This is heavy bleeding for more than 7 days, exhausting the body and leading to the development of anemia. Heavy bleeding often opens after a delay in menstruation. New periods may not be observed for 2 to 6 months.

Traumatic brain injury also disrupts the menstrual cycle in adolescent girls. The production of female hormones is entrusted to the pituitary gland. After an accident or a strong blow with damage to the skull, the pituitary gland is injured and begins to malfunction. As a result, periods are constantly delayed.

What other diseases disrupt the menstrual cycle in girls:

Insufficiency of the ovaries.
Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Underdevelopment of the uterus or ovaries.
Increased blood prolactin levels.
Blood clotting disorder.
Thyroid pathology.

In girls, as in adult women, endometriosis and endometritis can be the causes of unstable bleeding. Both pathologies disrupt hormone synthesis and lead to irregular periods.

Diagnostics and treatment

Girls with an irregular menstrual cycle must be examined:

Examination on a gynecological chair.
Measurement of body mass index.
Ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity.
Analyzes to clarify the hormonal status.

Doctors should treat an irregular menstrual cycle in adolescents, taking into account the cause of the violation. An athlete girl or a responsible child who diligently does homework and prepares for exams, does not sleep well and is constantly worried, must change the daily routine and take time for good rest.

If a girl follows a diet, imitating idols, and brings herself to exhaustion, she will need the help of a child psychologist, nutritionist, nutritionist.

If the cause of the irregular cycle is diabetes mellitus, adrenal hyperplasia or hypothyroidism, how to treat the underlying problem and concomitant diseases, the doctor will decide on the basis of the clinical picture - after that the "wrong" menstruation will be adjusted.

Drug regulation of the menstrual cycle in adolescents is carried out as follows:

Hormone therapy - the patient is selected the optimal drug and in the process of treatment the level of hormones in the blood is monitored.
Vitamins - the doctor focuses on proper nutrition and prescribes multivitamin complexes with a predominance of vitamins E and B.
Homeopathy - a teenager is prescribed the drug Cyclodinone (drops or tablets) if the body is not allergic to its components. The herbal remedy acts gently on a young organism. The regimen is developed by the doctor, taking into account the cause and symptoms of the disease. Usually the drug is taken in the morning and at night.

Contraceptive pills are prescribed even for virgins to regulate the menstrual cycle. The drugs selected by the doctor are harmless.

If, after another delay, heavy bleeding opens and dizziness and general weakness occur, the girl is sent for a scraping procedure. Before it begins, the hymen is injected with Novocaine. The injections will keep the tissue from tearing.

If an adolescent's irregular periods are not associated with an illness, parents are given recommendations on how to normalize the child's daily routine and nutrition. It is important to surround the girl with care and love and protect her from stress and anxiety. But if, despite all the efforts, the cycle still does not get better, it makes sense to undergo a thorough examination and identify the characteristics of the body. Perhaps the reason for the failure of menstruation is harmless and individual.

The first menstruation (menarche) is an important event in the life of every girl. Menstruation is a sign of puberty and fertility. Physiological norms provide for the onset of the menstrual cycle at 11-14 years old. But deviation from the standard indicators is not uncommon in puberty. Why adolescents' periods are delayed, which contributes to this, are urgent questions for growing up girls, as well as their parents.

Physiological features of puberty

Puberty for girls begins at the age of 8-9 years and continues until the full development of physiological maturity. Girls are 2-4 years ahead of boys in development. When the first sexual characteristics appear in the form of hairiness in the armpits and pubic area, the growth of mammary glands, an increase in adipose tissue, the onset of menstruation can be expected within 1.5-2 years.

The first menstruation in most cases appears at the age of 11-14 years. But this is not always the case. Sometimes menstruation appears earlier than the recognized physiological norm (9-10 years) or later (15-16 years). This fact does not always signal the presence of a problem, but it cannot be ignored.

With a high degree of probability, it is possible to assume the occurrence of menarche earlier than among peers, in physically developed, strong, and also prone to overweight girls. And, conversely, with a fragile physique, menstruation usually appears no earlier than 12-13 years old.

Each organism is different. The genetic factor plays an important role in the process of puberty. If the mother's periods began at the age of 12-13 years, then the daughter will also have them at about the same period. However, current statistics indicate an earlier onset of menstruation in modern adolescents compared to previous generations. The difference of 1 year is a fact recognized by gynecologists.

Even in the absence of complaints about a deterioration in well-being, it is advisable to discuss a deviation from the norm with a pediatric gynecologist.

Common causes of delayed periods

In the absence of menstruation in adolescents aged 13-16 years, gynecologists suspect a delay that does not correspond to normal indicators of physiological development in puberty. The most common reasons for the absence of menstruation in adolescents include the following circumstances:

Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system (endometriosis, polycystic ovary, cystitis and other diseases). This fact should be excluded primarily in the absence of signs of an inflammatory process. It is impossible to ignore any reproductive disorders in adolescence. An infection that is not destroyed in a timely manner becomes a trigger for the appearance of chronic gynecological diseases. Female infertility is often caused by a lack of adequate treatment.
Traumatic brain injuries often disrupt the natural menstrual cycle. Childhood trauma can lead to reproductive dysfunction in the future. This fact should be reported to the gynecologist without fail. You may need to consult a neurosurgeon.
Endocrine diseases (diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease) often provoke menstrual irregularities in girls 12 years of age and older. Treatment of systemic diseases should precede reproductive testing.
Hormonal imbalance is observed during the period of development of physiological maturity. Lack of mammary gland growth, a rough voice, male-pattern hair growth indicate a lack of estrogen and the predominance of male sex hormones in the body. In this case, hormone therapy is indicated to correct the imbalance.
Abnormalities in the development of reproductive organs and trauma resulting from mechanical damage or surgery can cause the absence of menstruation. A doctor can detect an anomaly during a gynecological examination. This pathology is more often diagnosed in the absence of menstruation in adolescents 15 years of age and older.
Increased physical activity is a common reason why menstruation may be delayed. For girls leading an active lifestyle (going to the gym, dancing, extreme sports), a monthly delay of 1 year or more is a common occurrence. Heavy exercise burns fat, causing the brain to block ovulatory function. You need to understand that puberty requires compliance with a sparing regimen in order to avoid unpleasant consequences.
Increased mental stress is an equally common fact. Heavy school curriculum, additional classes with a tutor, lack of free time provoke a delay in menstruation against the background of mental overstrain.
Stress, emotional instability, characteristic of this period, also explain why menstruation can be delayed. First falling in love, difficult relationships with peers or parents leave a deep mark on a vulnerable child's soul. With the elimination of the stress factor, the menstrual cycle is restored.
The dramatic change in body weight observed when using rigid diets determines why menstruation does not come on time. Restricting the use of high-calorie foods at the age of 12-17 is a widespread phenomenon among adolescents. Anorexia nervosa is a trigger for reproductive dysfunction. Obesity also interferes with the natural menstrual cycle.
Bad habits in the form of alcohol consumption, drugs and tobacco smoking can be the reason why there is no menstruation at 12-17 years old.
A change in the climatic zone of residence provokes a violation of the menstrual cycle (premature onset or delay). If menstruation is absent for this reason, then there is no reason to worry. The acclimatization period is temporary. After some time, the natural cycle will be restored.
If menstruation has already been regular for several months or even years, and then interrupted, pregnancy cannot be ruled out, despite the young age of the patient. The beginning of puberty requires a special approach to personality development. Building trusting relationships at this time is the task of every parent. The girl must be confident in the support of her parents in any situation. Sex education plays a big role. Lack of knowledge about contraceptive methods leads to irreparable consequences.
The use of certain drugs affects the reproductive function of a young body. When diagnosing pathology, it is necessary to exclude the use of hormonal contraceptives by a girl. They directly affect the absence of menstrual flow.

What is the cause for concern?

If at the beginning of puberty there is an active hormonal change, then there is no particular reason for excitement. Another thing is menstrual irregularities at the age of 15-17. Amenorrhea at this age can be primary (when there was no menstrual flow at all) and secondary (the absence of menstruation was preceded by a normal menstrual cycle). Any form of amenorrhea can provoke impairment of fertility in the future.

The older the girl's age, the more worries about the absence of menarche.

The following facts should be a signal for an immediate appeal for qualified help:

painful sensations in the lower abdomen, in the lumbar region, in the mammary glands;
the appearance of unnatural vaginal discharge with the presence of pus and an unpleasant odor;
frequent urge to urinate;
nausea, vomiting, violation of the general condition;
change in the usual menstrual flow (volume, frequency), the appearance of blood clots;
delay of 30 days or more.

Any form of amenorrhea requires consultation with a gynecologist.

Perhaps the absence of menstruation is just a temporary phenomenon as a result of hormonal changes in the developing organism. But it is imperative to exclude the presence of obvious pathology. Timely diagnosis, competent approach and adequate therapy will prevent possible complications in the future.

The onset of menstruation is an important stage in every girl's life. In the period from 12 to 16 years, the cycle is only established and may be irregular. But the reasons for the delay in menstruation in a teenager at the age of 15 may be different.

The importance of menstrual bleeding for a woman's body

Menstruation (menstruation, regulation) is the rejection of the functional layer of the endometrium (that is, the mucous membrane of the uterus) and its excretion from the body, accompanied by bleeding. The first time they appear during puberty, and end with menopause - a period of gradual extinction of reproductive function.

During puberty, the following changes occur in the body:

pubic hair, armpits, legs and arms appear;
secondary sexual characteristics appear - the chest grows, the hips are rounded;
menstruation appears.

Each girl's period begins at a different age. For some, they appear at the age of 10, and for others, at 14. The reasons lie not only in the individual characteristics of the organism, but also in the climate, living conditions, previous illnesses, etc.

The main function of menstruation is monthly renewal of the uterine epithelium. This is a complex process, the main purpose of which is to provide a woman with healthy offspring. From the moment of the first monthly discharge, the girl is capable of childbirth.

The next function is protective. Sometimes the functional layer of the uterus recognizes abnormalities in the fertilized egg. Such as abnormalities in chromosomes or DNA. With the help of menstruation, the body removes the unattached ovum.

The monthly cycle begins on the first day of bleeding. Normally, it lasts 26-35 days, so it falls on a different number each time. Regules are an indicator of women's health. In cases of delay, excluding pregnancy, a malfunction in the body can be suspected. However, menstruation at 12-15 years old can be irregular, as hormonal changes in the body take place. On average, it takes about 1–2 years to establish a cycle.

In order not to miss the onset of menstruation, you can start a notebook in which to mark the entire cycle. With the advent of smartphones, it became possible to create a virtual calendar, in which the system itself calculates and warns about the approach of important women's days. Some applications collect information not only about the start and end date of regulation, but also the state of the girl's body during this period.

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If menstruation has not begun at the age of 15 or the cycle has not stabilized, this is a reason to consult a doctor. He will help you find and treat the causes of the delay.

Factors Affecting Your Periodic Cycle

There are many factors that affect the female cycle. An important role in the regulation of this process belongs to hormones: estrogen and progesterone. With an increase in the dose of the hormone in the blood, the uterine epithelium thickens. If fertilization of the egg does not occur, the concentration of hormones drops sharply and the destruction of the endometrium occurs. The upper (functional) layer of the endometrium comes out with the blood. After that, the cycle is repeated. Hormonal disruptions in adolescence can happen for a variety of reasons. The endocrine glands are just starting to work fully, so menstruation may be irregular at first.

The first appearance of regulations is influenced by:

physical development;
genetics;
diseases suffered in childhood.

If a girl is ahead of her peers in physical development, then, most likely, her menstruation will begin earlier. Genetics also affects the formation of the organism. If the grandmother and mother's regulations went late, then they won't start early for the girl. If in childhood the child was sick a lot, there were any bruises, concussions - this can also affect women's days.

The duration of the cycle depends on the individual characteristics of the organism and can vary throughout life. Absence of menstruation for more than 90 days is considered a pathology.

Reasons for the failure of the menstrual cycle in girls 15 years old

A variety of reasons can cause cycle irregularities:

Excess weight. In the presence of overweight, problems such as: oligomenorrhea - rare menstruation, amenorrhea - the absence of critical days can be observed. Being overweight can cause hormonal problems in your teenager, leading to early puberty.
Deficiency of body weight. Dramatic weight loss can be the cause of cycle problems, since hormones of the reproductive system are produced in small quantities. This leads to irregular or no periods. In severe cases, for example, with anorexia, the cycle cannot be restored.
Malfunctions of the endocrine system (diabetes mellitus, thyroid problems). As a rule, after treatment, the cycle will return to normal.
Previous diseases. Any disease is stress for the body. Even a cold can affect a slight delay in critical days. As soon as the body recovers, the cycle will improve.
Congenital abnormalities of the genital organs, for example: bending of the uterus, aplasia (absence of the uterus).
Hormonal Disorders. Symptoms are: acne (acne, pimples), excessive sweating, growth disorders, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), lack of development of the mammary glands.
Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system. Do not delay treatment, as they can become chronic and even lead to infertility.
Increased physical activity. This is the most common cause of cycle problems in girls. A heavy load at school, classes in circles and with tutors, excessive sports - all this leads to disruptions in a young body.
Psychological experiences. In difficult adolescence, problems may appear at home and at school, with friends. During this stressful period, the child needs attention and support from the parents. Menstruation will improve once the cause of the stress has been removed.
Early onset of sexual activity. This factor negatively affects the formation of the reproductive system. Moreover, there is always a risk of pregnancy. It is necessary to talk with your child about contraception, sex education.
Climate change. A trip to the sea or moving to a new location can cause menstrual irregularities. After acclimatization, everything will return to normal.
Bad habits such as alcohol or drug use. This can affect the state of the body and cause a delay in the menstrual cycle.

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Only a doctor can determine the exact cause of regulation problems. After collecting the history and examination, he will prescribe the necessary tests, and then the course of treatment.

What is the normal delay

It is normal for adolescent girls to have a slight delay. In adolescence, there is no norm for the regularity and duration of menstruation. An irregular cycle is allowed for the first 2 years.

Create a calendar. If there are no critical days for 30-40 days, it's okay. But if the delay occurs constantly, menstruation disappears for several months, they differ in the duration and abundance of discharge - this is a reason to consult a doctor.

Possible pathological factors

The pathological absence of menstruation occurs due to endocrine, gynecological or neurological disorders. By their nature, reasons can be primary (true) or secondary.

Primary amenorrhea is the absence of secondary sexual characteristics and menstruation. This pathology is characterized by a low content of hormones (estrogen and progesterone), a decrease in ovarian activity. Symptoms of true amenorrhea include: children's genitals, vaginal dryness, short stature, absence of premenstrual signs (swelling of the mammary gland, pulling pains in the lower abdomen) and hair growth of the genitals.

With secondary amenorrhea, the development of sexual characteristics is normal, cyclical changes occur in the reproductive organs as during menstruation, but there is no discharge. The reason may be:

obstruction of the uterus;
infection of the vagina or cervical canal;
overgrown hymen (atresia).

An urgent need to see a doctor if the child has the following symptoms:

lack of discharge;
sharp or pulling pain in the lower abdomen;
normally developed secondary sexual characteristics.

With secondary amenorrhea, secretions accumulate in the uterine cavity, in the vagina.

Among the rare pathologies, there is a congenital absence of organs of the reproductive system. A girl can be born without a uterus, cervix, ovaries - the onset of menstruation is impossible.

When to see a doctor

A pediatric gynecologist should be visited if the girl is already 14 years old, but there is no period, and there are no signs of puberty. After the examination, the doctor may refer you for tests or other specialists for examination. Sometimes the reason lies in improper diet or excessive exertion, stress. But there can be serious health problems as well. Therefore, a visit to the gynecologist is required.

The onset of menstruation for a girl is not the most joyful event. You have to give up the usual things, the state of health changes. But if for some reason there is a delay in menstruation, many begin to panic. Why is this happening? Let's figure out what to do in this situation.

The formed menstrual cycle lasts 21-36 days. The first two years after menarche (the first menstruation), the cyclicality is just forming, changes are taking place in the girl's body, so the interval between menstruation may increase or decrease. If spotting comes every month with a long interval, then you should not worry. It is considered a violation to stop menstruation for more than six months.

To know what to do if the cycling is violated, you must first determine the reason for the delay:

physiology;
the state of the nervous system, emotional state;
hormones;
intense exercise;
eating disorder;
climate change;
sudden weight gain or loss;
genital trauma or defects.

Bringing the psychological state back to normal

Violation of the menstrual cycle is closely related to the emotional state. The stress in schools and in extra classes, worries about the opposite sex, conflicts with parents and peers lead to stressful situations. The adolescent body reacts sharply to such changes and includes a protective function. This can lead to a delay in menstruation.

You need to devote more time to activities that give pleasure, find a hobby that will distract from troubles.

Try to get more rest, sleep at least 8-10 hours a day, and at least 6 hours should be allowed for a night's sleep.

Restoring hormonal balance

In adolescence, the girl undergoes a process of restructuring the hormonal background. The hormone estrogen is actively produced - it is he who is responsible for the onset of ovulation and the beginning of menstruation. If there is a lack of hormones in the adolescent's body, then the next menstruation may not start on time.

If the girl has a suspicion of a malfunction in the work of hormones, then it is impossible to postpone the visit to the gynecologist. Why there is a delay, the doctor will find out, who will prescribe the drugs. Usually, after a course of hormone therapy, the menstrual cycle is restored.

Rational moderate exercise

Physical activity has a beneficial effect on the development of the body during adolescence. But here it is important to observe the measure - if sports activities deplete the body, then the cycle of menstruation is disrupted.

Power loads on the body should not lead to fatigue, but give a charge of vivacity.

During the formation of the menstrual cycle, it is better to postpone physical activity of increased complexity. It is enough to do exercises in the morning and not miss physical education lessons at school.

Correct development

Puberty in a girl begins between 8 and 10 years old. At this time, the body begins to grow vigorously and sexual characteristics appear:

breast augmentation;
growth of pubic hair and armpits;

The process of sexual development takes about five years. During this period, menstruation appears. At 15-16 years old, the girl is considered sexually mature. If menarche did not come before the age of 16, then the reason lies in the delay in development.

It is important to note that in this situation, spotting is completely absent. This disorder is called amenorrhea.

Parents should be the first to sound the alarm if their daughter did not have menarche at the age of 16. A timely visit to the doctor and identifying the cause will help avoid consequences with conception in the future.

Good nutrition

Often teenagers are unhappy with their appearance and figure, and girls go on a diet. The necessary vitamins and minerals cease to enter the body. If you do not start to make up for the losses in time, then your periods stop. An additional danger is a delay in intellectual development due to a lack of nutrients necessary for the brain.

Obesity can also cause your period to be delayed. In this case, proper nutrition and diet will improve the menstrual cycle.

What to do?

Harmful chips should be replaced with fish, meat, hot dishes, and forget about snacks.
Vegetables and fruits are required in the diet.
It is better to eat often, but in small portions.

Lack of hemoglobin also refers to the reason for the absence of menstruation. You can solve the problem by taking iron and folic acid preparations, which are prescribed by your doctor.

Timely treatment of diseases

The above reasons for delayed menstruation in most cases disappear without pain symptoms. If a girl at 13, 14, 15, 16 years old, in the absence of menstruation, feels pain in the abdomen or lower back, then it is necessary to visit a gynecologist. Only a doctor after examination can prescribe treatment - self-medication in this case is dangerous.

Infectious diseases, taking medications can lead to a disruption in the cycle - this is another reason why there was a delay.

Sitting on cold surfaces leads to hypothermia of the genitals, infectious diseases develop, which is why the cycle of menstruation is disrupted. All these problems will be solved by a qualified doctor.

Identifying and treating polycystic ovary syndrome

This is a fairly common problem for women, and often occurs in adolescence. The disease is a manifestation of serious disturbances in the work of the ovaries, pituitary gland and adrenal glands.

The body slows down the production of hormones and the menstrual cycle may stop or not start at all. If you start treatment on time, you can avoid infertility at an older age.

Eliminating other factors

There are cases when a girl's delay in menstruation is associated with heredity. This is not a disease or abnormality, but refers to the physiological characteristics of the body.

Traveling to the sea or traveling to other countries may disrupt the cycle. On the beach, after swimming, you should always change into dry clothes so as not to get hypothermic. Smoking, drinking alcohol should be completely excluded.

Pregnancy as a cause of delayed menstruation should not be ignored. Puberty for girls is faster than for boys. Sexual activity can lead to pregnancy even at the age of 14. Parents in this situation should not stand aside, but notice the changes as early as possible and take the girl to the gynecologist.

If a teenage girl has no monthly periods or the menstrual cycle is irregular, then you do not need to look for the cause of the delay on your own. At the first suspicion of a deviation from the norm, you need to make an appointment with a gynecologist, who will tell you why there was a delay. With the arrival of the first menstruation, every girl should regularly visit a gynecologist.