A baby 1 year and 5 months old actively seeks to understand the world, which he very much succeeds thanks to good coordination of movements. He does not want to sit still, for him it is much more interesting to jump and run. If a child does not succeed in some things that have been mastered by his peers, mom is very upset. In order not to worry in vain, you should remember that each child is unique and different from others. Knowledge of the indicative developmental norms at this age will also not be superfluous.
Physiological indicators
- Weight in the range from 8.5 to 12 kilograms is considered normal. A slight overstepping of the indicated framework is not a reason for panic, as it is due to genetic characteristics. If mom and / or dad are "small" parameters, then the weight of the baby may well be slightly below normal, and vice versa.
- The growth rate is considered to be 76.8 - 83.9 cm. Growth, like weight, is directly related to heredity.
- Head circumference ranging from 44.7 to 48.5 cm - this figure is considered optimal.
- The number of teeth is from 8 to 12, the likelihood of the appearance of lower and upper canines is high. Don't be nervous if the fangs haven't appeared. “Probability” is not “obligatory”, which means that the fangs will appear a little later.
Children 1 year and 5 months old are extremely mobile and active, they are hostile to any attempts to restrict their freedom of movement, so you should spend more time with them on the street.
Skills and skills of the child
A 17-month-old baby already knows how to do a lot for the joy of mom and dad (we recommend reading :). Parents watch with affection as he:
- cuts circles, runs and jumps with a bunny, turns confidently on the run;
- walks up steps and over small objects;
- climbs onto a chair or sofa, chair and descends from them to the floor;
- diligently builds a turret of 4-5 cubes;
- catches a ball thrown to him and throws it to his partner;
- shows a mouse, a hedgehog, a tree or, for example, a table with his finger in a book, unmistakably determines their location.
The kid received several important everyday skills:
- asks for a pot (we recommend reading :);
- he holds a spoon well while eating and tries very hard to eat on his own;
- already knows how to drink from a cup.
It is necessary to observe more closely the behavior of the baby in the event that he does not even try to do something from the named, although he already has to. If he openly neglects training, then do not hesitate to consult a pediatric neurologist.
A baby at this age already knows how to drink from a cup, which makes his mother's life a little easier - she does not have to fiddle with bottles Speech skills
The most common experience of parents: the baby is almost a year and a half, but he does not really speak, continuing to communicate in his "bird" language. There is no cause for concern. A child of 17 months should understand well the speech addressed to him, and he will speak later, and this is absolutely normal.
At the age of 1 year 5 months, the child must:
- show with your finger where the legs are, where the mouth is, where are the eyes, where are the ears;
- to distinguish toys by name and color, to combine them into groups and show, upon request, where are the cubes, where are the flowers, where are the balls;
- understand well and perform the simplest actions, such as “put”, “take”, “bring”, “give me”.
Articulate speech is a purely individual indicator, there are no recipes for acceleration. Some children are silent for up to three years, and then suddenly "explode" and immediately begin to give out whole sentences. There are not so few such children, but still more than half of 17-month-old babies are able to:
- express your desires and emotions in monosyllables: "give", "no", "yes", "I want", "I will not", "I do not want";
- know the names of family members and show everyone on request;
- it is relatively correct and understandable to pronounce the names and words "mom", "dad", "baba", "uncle", "tutu" (repetition of syllables);
- build elementary phrases, but sound them in your own way, somewhat distorted: “let's go for a walk” (“let's go for a walk”), “I want to eat” (“asya bite”), “give porridge” (“give me Kasya”);
- imitate the speech of an adult and copy intonation, but at the same time leave a niche for his own speech, understandable only to him and those like him.
Important! If the child is silent, does not respond to words addressed to him, does not respond and does not name objects even in his own language, it is urgent to show him to the speech therapist and ENT.
Nutrition for a child at 1 year 5 months
Mom decides whether to breastfeed a child at this age. Pediatricians agree that there are no restrictions on breastfeeding by age, and the theory about the dangers of prolonged breastfeeding for the baby himself and his development is nothing more than a myth.
Mom's milk is no longer enough, he needs good nutrition. You should draw up a menu for the baby, diversify the diet, so that you know for sure that he is eating up.
Approximate diet for a child of 1 year and 5 months:
| 1 day | 2nd day | Day 3 | |
| Breakfast | milk rice porridge 180 g, half a glass of milk tea, 10 g wheat bread | milk semolina 180 g, half a cup of cocoa in milk, a slice of bread 10 g with cheese | milk noodles 140 g, half a glass of sweet tea, fruit puree 50 g |
| Dinner | vegetable soup 100 ml, steamed meat balls 40 g, pea puree 90 g, wheat bread 10 g and rosehip infusion 1 cup (more in the article :) | pumpkin puree soup 100 ml, chicken steamed dumplings 40 g, applesauce 90 g, blackcurrant jelly 1 cup and 10 g rye bread | potato soup with peas 100 ml, fish souffle 40 g, squash and pumpkin puree 90 g, wheat bread |
| Afternoon snack | 100 ml kefir, baby cookies | 100 ml curdled milk, bun 20 g | 100 ml milk, 1 crouton and apple |
| Dinner | steam omelet 50 g with cheese, buckwheat porridge 100 g, half a cup of sweet tea | cottage cheese with prunes 80 g, mashed potatoes 90 g, half a glass of tea with milk | beet-apple puree 150 g, buckwheat porridge 100 g, half a cup of rosehip infusion |
The kid is slowly switching to adult food: he can cook soups, meatballs, omelets, which are also suitable for parents. Such changes significantly relieve the mother from household worries. Such a diet can be adhered to for about 1 month, then the diet should be changed. It is necessary to give the breast to the child before going to bed. If breastfeeding is already in the past, then at night you can give the crumb kefir or boiled milk.
Child development through games
Speech games:
- Encourage the baby to say short words, copy sounds: "sing a song to the bear, ah-ah-ah", "the engine is puffing, chug-chug-chukh", "ask your mother for a spoon: give it, mother, give it, give it." Let him repeat.
- Ask him to say how a dog barks, how a cat meows, etc. Then the reverse game: who says wow-wow, who says kwa-kwa, who says kar-kar, and the child must name the animal.
Logic games:
- "Choose one." From the scattered objects, choose, for example, only yellow or only square ones.
- "A simple subject." Cut 2 figures out of cardboard and invite the child to fold a fungus, a house, a tree from them.
- "To size". Ask to lay out five objects to decrease or increase their size.
The familiar "pyramid" is designed for the ability to arrange objects according to color, shape and size. This game can be diversified, its constituent elements can be used for other games Attention:
- Find a pair. Take paired cards. Spread half out in front of the child. Show a card from the second pile and ask to show the same.
- "By sound." Hide a musical toy, the kid must find it by sound. Or dad / mom can hide and call the baby.
- "On the basis of". Have the child put together the round ones, or the soft ones, or the red ones, out of all the objects in the room.
For fine motor skills:
- "Cinderella". Pour peas and beans into a box and invite the baby to sort them into different piles.
- "Surprise". Wrap the "secret" in multi-layer fabric or paper, let the kid unfold them carefully.
- "Beads". String circles from a pyramid or figure with holes on a string or rope.
At this age, an incredibly active development of the child's brain activity takes place - the more mom and dad make an effort, the better they can get back. It is necessary to develop both fine and gross motor skills.
Best toys in 1 year 5 months
Games should be included in the children's day mode (we recommend reading :). Make sure that there are no small elements in the toys - now the child is extremely curious, and therefore the desire to taste the toy can end in tragedy. Most useful toys:
- Sorter. A box with windows where you want to put certain figures.
- Sound. These are both musical instruments and toys with buttons, when pressed, they emit a specific sound that imitates a cow, dog, or cat.
- Constructor. It is important that the details are rich in color and large in size.
- Balls of different materials and sizes. You also need a basket into which you can throw them.
- Pyramids. We need both classic and complicated ones, in which the washers have more than one hole.
At 1 year and 5 months, the child wants to communicate with peers. Walking on the street, sandpits, playgrounds, swings and will contribute to its development.
A one-year-old's schedule is different from a newborn's daily routine. This fact is due to the intensive formation of the child. The daily schedule of the optimal day regimen for a child at 1 year old, as before, combines good nutrition, hygiene procedures, street walks, and exercise. However, the intervals between feedings, the amount of servings, and the diet change. Some hygienic actions during water procedures can already be entrusted to a one-year-old toddler, and with daily walks, the baby is more and more awake.
How to organize the daily routine of a one-year-old child
In order to properly organize the daily routine of children, it is better to teach them to live on schedule from the first months. If from the birth of a baby he gets into the habit of observing the regime, then upon reaching the age of one, he will not have to radically rebuild. The approximate schedule that the parents of a twelve-month-old baby should adhere to consists of two naps per day, four meals a day with one afternoon snack, several walks in the fresh air, as well as morning exercises, developing active games and evening swimming.
What to do if your baby is an owl
Upon reaching one year, it already becomes clear to which type of cyclical rhythm of life a particular child belongs. Therefore, it is necessary to plan a child's regimen at 1 year taking into account individual biorhythms. A baby with the biological rhythms of an "owl" can be identified by difficulty falling asleep and late in the morning waking up around 9 o'clock. There is no need to try to rebuild the life cycle of your child, biorhythms are determined by heredity.
It is possible to correct the time of falling asleep and waking up for an hour or two in the little "owl". In order for the baby to fall asleep well in the evening, he should spend the day actively and preferably as much as possible in the fresh air. Closer to the evening, it is allowed to occupy the toddler only with calm games. A bath perfectly soothes, relaxes and prepares for sleep, especially with lavender, mint, lemon balm, and if you massage the baby after bathing, then a healthy sleep is guaranteed.
Little Lark's Daily Routine
The standard regimen of a child's day at 1 year old with biorhythms of the "lark" does not require correction. This biological type of "early bird" often serves as an alarm clock for household members. If you try to accustom a child, predisposed to early awakening, to go to bed a little later, he will wake up anyway at his usual time. In this case, the behavior of the little one will be nervous all day, they become lethargic and naughty. There is only one way out for adults here - to organize the morning leisure of their child, providing him with access to his favorite toys or activities after waking up.
Diet of a child at 1 year
Closer to one year of age, the night break between feedings lasts from dinner to the first breakfast. The kid is trying to eat on his own. This process does not need to be hindered, because thanks to such self-activity, the child develops useful skills, and there is no need to feed the child against his will. The process of eating takes place in a fascinating educational and playful way. If a one-year-old baby has a poor appetite, fruit before the main meal, walks in the fresh air and outdoor games will help improve it.
The well-known pediatrician E.O. Komarovsky recommends to "cooperate" with his baby when drawing up his menu. The number of feedings should include four basic meals and one light snack in the afternoon to get hungry for dinner. The volume of the main portions eaten by a child for breakfast, lunch, dinner varies from 300 to 450 g and about 200 g for an afternoon snack. The interval between feedings is no more than 3-4 hours.
Schedule
During the period of intensive growth of a one-year-old baby, it is very important to adhere to the correct daily regimen. Children at this age not only develop rapidly all organs, but every month new abilities appear. Compliance with the daily schedule will allow all biological, psychological and physiological processes to occur correctly.
Morning gymnastics
A full-fledged regimen of the correct day for a child at 1 year is impossible without charging. Due to excessive activity during the day, many mothers believe that morning exercises are not yet needed. This is not so, because charging contributes to the rapid and complete activation of all vital functions of the child's body. Exercise should target all muscle groups and areas of the spine, including jumping, squatting and bending.
Learning to wash
You need to start teaching your baby to wash yourself from the moment when he knows how to stand firmly on his feet. You need to start with simple steps: wet the pens under running water, pick it up in your palms, rinse your face and rinse your eyes. Then you need to teach the little one to brush their teeth, at first just with a brush soaked in water. The child must master the actions with a toothbrush, and only then the use of paste is allowed.
Walking
They walk with one-year-old children twice a day in good weather; on frosty days, you can reduce the number and duration of being in the fresh air. The duration of walks during the day is about 4-5 hours with breaks for sleeping and feeding the child. A one-year-old child on the street is already more active, prefers to walk and run than sit in a stroller.
Developing activities
At the age stage of one year, the development of the child is aimed both at the knowledge of surrounding objects and at the formation of correct speech skills, intellectual and creative abilities, fine sensing and motor skills. Developmental activities must take place in the form of a game. They should not tire the baby, the optimal duration is from 7 to 15 minutes in one approach, according to the baby's mood.
Hygiene procedures before bedtime
The child should be taught to water procedures at a very early age. A one-year-old toddler may already be in the bath on its own under the supervision of adults. It is especially useful to have hygiene sessions before bedtime. It is advisable to start bathing after the baby goes to the pot. The child's well-being improves after soaking in warm water. It calms down and relaxes, which promotes deep sleep.
Sleep of a child a year
The sleep schedule of a one-year-old baby begins to undergo age-related changes. The duration of sleep during the day is gradually reduced, the time intervals increase. More and more, the toddler gets by with a night's sleep, and it becomes more difficult to go to bed during the day. So that the little one can fall asleep in the daytime, often one of the parents has to lull him to sleep by lying next to him while the baby falls asleep. To comply with the daily routine, if the child sleeps for a long time, you need to wake the baby.
How much should a baby sleep per day
The total daily sleep duration of a one-year-old baby is 14.5-16.5 hours. Of this amount of time, about 4-5 hours are spent on daytime rest in the first and second phases of the day. However, the body of each child has individual characteristics, therefore, the periods of wakefulness, and besides, the cycles of daytime and nighttime sleep may differ slightly even in children with similar biorhythms.
Daytime sleep of a child at 1 year
The correct daily routine of a child at 1 year old should be organized taking into account the amount, duration of waste to sleep during the day. Two rests are considered the norm, but it often happens that a child sleeps only once. It is hardly possible to retrain a one-year-old baby, so it is better to adjust the entire schedule to the individual needs of your baby in terms of rest. To do this, you can increase the walking time by adjusting the feeding hours additionally.
Day regimen of a one-year-old child by the hour
In families where there are already children, parents are familiar with a certain routine throughout the day. It will be useful for young parents expecting their first child to study an approximate schedule of daily activity of babies with distinctive cyclical characteristics of the body's life. The table of the daily regimen for one-year-old babies with the biorhythm of "larks" reflects the daily regimen of a child at 1 year old with an early rise:
| Schedule elements | Time |
|---|---|
| Rise | 6-7 hours |
| Water procedures | 6: 00―6: 15 or 7: 00―7: 15 |
| Morning gymnastics | 6: 15―6: 30 or 7: 15―7: 30 |
| 1st meal (breakfast) | 7:35―8:00 |
| Active games, walking in the fresh air | 8:05―10:00 |
| 2nd meal (second breakfast) | 10:05―10:30 |
| Recreation | 10:35―11:30 |
| Dinner | 11:35―12:00 |
| Walk | 12:05―15:30 |
| Midday snack | 15:35―16:00 |
| Evening walk | 16:05―19:00 |
| Dinner | 19:05―19:30 |
| Night rest | From 19:35 to approximately 6:30 |
Daily schedule table for a one-year-old child with an owl biorhythm. The correct day regimen for a baby at 1 year old with a late rise:
| Schedule items | Time |
|---|---|
| Rise | 8-9 hours |
| Washing | 8: 00―8: 15 or 9: 00―9: 15 |
| Morning warm-up | 8: 15―8: 30 or 9: 15―9: 30 |
| First feeding | 9:35―10:00 |
| Outdoor games, walk in the street | 10:05―12:00 |
| Second feeding | 12:05―12:30 |
| Day rest | 12:35―13:30 |
| Dinner | 13:35―14:00 |
| Walk | 14:05―17:00 |
| Midday meal | 17:05―17:30 |
| An evening walk | 17:35―20:00 |
| Dinner | 20:05―20:30 |
| Night sleep | 20:35 to approximately 8:30 |
Video
Day regimen of a child from 1 year to 1.5 years
Babies aged 1 to 1.5 years still have difficulty moving around in warm clothes. Therefore, in the cold season, they walk little, and the need for fresh air is satisfied while sleeping on the balcony or outside.
A one-year-old child can take a cup from the table and, while holding it, drink on his own. At this age, they begin to teach him to use a napkin during lunch, to sit down at the table on his own.
Age from 1 year to 1 year 6 months
Feeding - 4 times
Breaks between feedings, h 4.5 - 3.5
Wakefulness, maximum duration, h - 3.5 - 4.5 Number of periods of daytime sleep - 2
Total sleep duration per day, h - 14.5 - 13.5
Daily routine 1-2 years
6.30-7.30 Awakening, toilet, water procedures
7.30-8.00 Breakfast
8.00-9.30 Game - walk
9.30-11.30 Sleep
11.30-12.00 Lunch
12.00-15.00 Game - walk
15.00-16.30 Sleep
15.30-16.00 Afternoon snack
15.00-16.30 Sleep
16.30-17.00 Afternoon snack
17.00-19.30 Game - walk
19.30-20.00 Dinner
20.00-20.30 Game
20.30-6.30 Sleep
Nutrition for a child from 1 to 1.5 years old
Sample menu.
First breakfast
Kefir - 180ml
Lunch
Boiled milk vermicelli with grated cheese - 150g / 10g
Milk - 100ml
Cookies - 10g
Dinner
Beetroot caviar with prunes - 20g
Cabbage soup mashed in meat broth - 100ml
Liver pate - 50g
Mashed potatoes - 50g
Grated apple - 100g
Black bread - 20
Afternoon snack
Cottage cheese with sour cream and sugar - 40g / 10g / 5g
Mashed fruits (canned fruit for children) - 100g
Dinner
Vegetable puree (assorted) - 150g
Milk tea - 100ml
White bread with butter - 20g / 5g
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Daily set of products (g, ml).
Wheat bread - 40
Rye bread - 10
Flour - 10
Groats, pasta - 25
Cookies - 10
Potatoes - 120
Different vegetables - 150
Fresh fruit - 100
Sugar - 60
Dry fruits, cranberries - 15
Meat, liver - 60
Fish (fillet) - 10
Egg - 1/2
Butter - 15
Vegetable oil - 3
Curd - 40
Milk - 700
Sour cream, cream - 5
Cheese - 3
Tea - 0.2
Salt - 3
Up to one and a half years old, it is better to feed children five times a day. If a healthy child refuses the last (fifth) feeding, then he is transferred to a four-time feeding rhythm with an interval of four hours. Whatever the frequency of feeding the baby, the main thing is that it is constantly observed.
The daily amount of food for children from one to one and a half years old should be about 1200 g, that is, 240-250 g per intake with five meals a day.
It is harmful to use a pacifier at this age. It subsequently leads to difficulty in chewing food and refusal of any food except liquid. Receiving mashed potatoes from a spoon, the baby instinctively makes chewing movements before swallowing it, and thereby prepares to receive dense food lumps.
Dairy products play a major role in the nutrition of the child. At this age, he is entitled to 700 ml of milk per day, taking into account the amount that is used to prepare various dishes.
Cottage cheese is an indispensable component of the diet; it can be included in any of the meals. You can make pudding out of it, add fruit.
Cheese is given in grated form. It can be used for sandwiches mixed with butter or added to pasta.
Eggs give children only chicken: either hard-boiled or added to various dishes. Until the age of one and a half, it is recommended to give only steeply boiled yolk, adding it to vegetable purees. After a year and a half, you can offer omelets, both in natural form and with various additives, mainly vegetable (potatoes, green peas, carrots, cauliflower).
Daily rate meat for children under three years old - 85 g. Lean meats (beef, veal, pork) and poultry are used.
It is advisable to give meat dishes in the first half of the day, since they take longer to digest, and eaten in the evening unnecessarily excite the nervous system, making it difficult to fall asleep.
For children, they cook broth for the first courses or prepare soufflés, meatballs, meatballs or steam cutlets from minced meat. The liver is very useful for the child, it is better to give it in the form of a paste. It is good to add mild sauce to meat dishes (fried flour diluted with broth and seasoned with cream or sour cream). A side dish is better than a vegetable one.
Once or twice a week, instead of meat, you should give your child fish, giving preference to fish fillets or varieties without small bones.
But you must remember that river (lake) fish with impaired metabolism (exudative diathesis) can cause an exacerbation of the disease in some children. The most easily digestible is cod.
Fish for children up to one and a half years old is cooked in the form of meatballs or steamed, be sure to wipe it.
Vegetable oil it is advisable to give mostly raw, adding to vegetable puree and grated vegetable dishes. From animal cheeses in a small amount 1-2 times a week, you can give lard (interior lard). Pork (backbone) lard, beef and lamb fats are not recommended due to the difficulty of their assimilation.
Vegetable purees it is better to cook combined, the composition of mashed potatoes can be changed, taking into account the taste characteristics of the child. It is not recommended to get carried away with mashed potatoes because of the large amount of starch that makes it difficult to digest.
The daily rate of potatoes is 150 g.
Of the vegetables, white cabbage, carrots, beets, zucchini, pumpkin, green peas, cauliflower, turnips, and onions are used.
Porridge- a very satisfying baby food dish. It should not be given more than once a day. Now cereals are given a more modest place in baby food, since a number of cereals (oats, wheat), from which cereals are prepared, contain phytic acid, which impairs the absorption of calcium from food, which disrupts the normal ossification of the skeleton.
For a child of the second year of life, porridge is cooked in a semi-viscous manner. Porridges that require a long cooking time are first boiled in water, and then milk is added.
You can combine porridge with vegetables, fruits, meat. Puddings can be made from porridge in the oven.
Pasta is used thin and small, cooked with milk, seasoned with butter and cheese.
It is advisable that the first and last feedings consist of vegetable or fruit purees, various cereals, cottage cheese or egg dishes. It is better to drink them with kefir or milk.
Honey should be given to children very carefully.
It is better to start lunch with an appetizer in the form of a variety of salads - from grated carrots, peeled cucumbers, tomatoes, white cabbage, green salad, pumpkin. It is advisable to add finely chopped dill, parsley, onion, celery to salads - as early as possible to develop a child's taste for green vegetables.
Child's day regimen from 1.5 to 2 years old
7.00 - 8.00 - Getting up, toilet, morning exercises.
8.00 - 8.30 - Breakfast.
8.30 - 12.00 - Morning wakefulness, walk, games, classes.
12.00 - 12.30 - Lunch.
12.30 - 16.00 - Daytime sleep.
16.00 - 16.30 - Afternoon snack.
16.30 - 20.00 - Evening wakefulness, walk, swimming.
20.00 - 20.30 - Dinner.
20.30 - 7.00 - Night sleep.
Nutrition for a child from 1.5 to 3 years old
A child aged 1.5 to 3 years old should have four meals a day - breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea and dinner.
Moreover, at lunchtime, he should receive about 40-50% of the total nutritional value of the diet, and the remaining 50-60% are distributed for breakfast, afternoon tea and dinner.
The energy value of products per day is 1400-1500 kcal.
A child needs to receive 50-60 grams of protein per day, 70-75% of which should be of animal origin; fat - 50-60 grams, including about 10 grams of vegetable origin; carbohydrates - 220 grams.
The average amount of the first course: for a child from 1 to 2 years old - 120-150 ml.
Quantity meat- from 100 g at 1.5 years to 120 g by 3 years. Usually they use beef, veal, lean pork, rabbit, lamb, horse meat. By-products are useful in baby food (they are rich in protein and fat-soluble vitamins, especially vitamin A, have a more tender structure than meat, and therefore are digested more easily and faster in the digestive tract) - liver, tongue, heart. Meat can be cooked already in the form of steam, brass cutlets, stews, fried minced meat. From sausages, not often and in limited quantities to expand the taste perception, you can give your baby dairy sausages and some varieties of cooked sausages (dietary, dairy, doctor's).
Egg, one of the main protein suppliers, should be given, on average, 1/2 a day, or 1 egg every other day and only hard-boiled or in the form of an omelet, and also used for making casseroles and cutlets.
The child's menu, if there are no medical contraindications, should include dishes from sea and river varieties of fish, with the exception of fatty and delicious varieties (sturgeon, salmon, salmon, halibut) up to 30-40 g / day. Children can be offered boiled or fried fish, free from bones, fish cakes, meatballs. Smoked and canned fish (with the exception of specialized canned foods for children), as well as caviar, which is a very fatty and highly allergenic product, is not recommended.
Thanks to fruits and vegetables contains a large amount of ballast substances, including dietary fiber, their sufficient use in the daily diet can serve as prevention of constipation. An important property of vegetables and fruits is their ability to enhance the secretion of digestive juices that increase appetite. Children from 1.5 to 3 years old are recommended to eat potatoes daily in amounts of up to 100-120 g / day. (including for preparing first courses). If, for some reason, potatoes are not used in the diet, then it can be replaced in the same amount with other vegetables. And also 150-200 g of various vegetables for making soups, salads, side dishes. Especially useful: carrots, cabbage, zucchini, pumpkin, beets, tomatoes. Unlike the nutrition of young children, in the food of a child over 1.5 years old, it is necessary to constantly include garden herbs: parsley, spinach, lettuce, green onions, garlic in small quantities for dressing soups, salads and main courses. At this age, the vegetable diet expands due to the introduction of radishes, radishes, turnips and legumes such as peas, beans, beans. Vegetable purees are replaced with finely chopped salads, stewed and boiled vegetables, cut into small pieces.
An obligatory component of the child's daily diet is fruits- 100-200 g / day. and berries 10–20 g / day. Kids are happy to eat apples, pears, plums, bananas, cherries (first, you must remove the seeds from them). Given the high likelihood of an allergic reaction to citrus and exotic fruits, their introduction into the diet should be extremely careful. Among the berries, black currants, gooseberries, lingonberries, cranberries, black chokeberries, and sea buckthorn are especially useful. Some fruits and berries have a strengthening effect, as they contain tannins. These include blueberries, pears, and black currants. This is important to consider if the child is constipated. Kiwi has a pronounced laxative effect, but other fruits and berries eaten in large quantities can have the same effect. Various fruit, berry and vegetable juices are useful for children of all ages, but if clarified juices are recommended for children under one year old, then after 1.5 years you can offer your baby juices with pulp up to 100-150 ml per day after meals.
Any new product that you are going to include in the child's menu should be given in a small amount (1-2 teaspoons) in the morning in order to be able to track the body's reaction to the tolerance of the “novelty”. If signs of allergy appear, the use of such a product should be discontinued.
In the diet of children over one and a half years old, various cereals... Especially useful are oatmeal and buckwheat, rich in mineral salts and vitamins, complete protein. It is useful to include in the diet such cereals as barley, millet, pearl barley.
Children of this age can already eat noodles, noodles in the form of side dishes or milk soups, but you should not get carried away with these products, since they are rich in carbohydrates. On average, children over 1.5 years old should be given no more than 15–20 g of cereals and 50 g of pasta per day.
Sugar is also included in the diet of children. It improves the taste of food, but its excess is harmful to the health of the child, as it reduces appetite, can affect metabolism and lead to excess weight gain. A child aged 1.5 to 3 years can consume up to 30-40 g of sugar per day. This amount includes easily digestible carbohydrates - glucose contained in juices, drinks, sweets. Foods containing carbohydrates - bread, pasta, potatoes, cereals, in the amount recommended above, will not give the child the amount of energy necessary for his age. The physiological features of the gastrointestinal tract and enzyme systems of the child's body do not allow increasing the volume of a single meal, which means that the calorie content can be replenished only through easily digestible carbohydrates. Their use in the diet of a healthy child is necessary, since glucose is an energy substrate for the cells of the brain, liver, and kidneys. But everything should be within reasonable limits. Sweets that you can pamper your child with - candy, marmalade, fruit caramel, jam, marshmallow. Chocolates and chocolates should not be offered to your baby, as they increase the excitability of the nervous system and can cause allergic reactions.
A year and a half is the age at which many children begin to show character. It is important for adults to keep their distance, to show "who is in charge of the house." Of course, you should not punish a crumb for the slightest offense and establish a cruel dictatorship in the family: you must act tactfully, showing maximum patience.
Nutrition for one and a half year old babies
The main part of the daily diet is for lunch - almost a third of all food, breakfast and dinner - about a quarter of the daily menu, and afternoon tea - about 20%. Almost all children by this time have enough teeth to chew their food on their own, so you no longer have to grind it, you can only mash it slightly with a fork.
Important! The baby's delicate food system is not yet capable of digesting tough foods, so all hard-skinned fruits must be peeled. This requirement applies to plums, peaches, apricots, apples and pears. The grown up kid will be happy to eat grapes, watermelons, citrus fruits, cherries and strawberries. Keep in mind that some children are prone to allergies, so if your cheeks turn red, be sure to find out the reason so that you can take the necessary measures in a timely manner.
Although many adults tend to transfer a 1.5-year-old baby to a common table, refrain from this for the following reasons:
- The child's gastrointestinal tract still does not accept fried foods well;
- banned canned foods, including canned fish and meat, all kinds of salads;
- the crumbs cannot eat smoked meats and salinity - at such an early age it is easy to disrupt the activity of the digestive system, then it will be extremely difficult to restore it.
In addition to the main products that have already been introduced into the diet (see our previous article), you can add to the menu:
- vegetable salads, the components of which are processed with a coarse grater, a portion can reach 40-50 g;
- cauliflower and peas;
- barley and millet porridge;
- hard cheese;
- sandwiches with butter, for a change, you can sometimes offer boiled sausage, of course, of excellent quality.
Every day the crumb needs at least 100-130 g of fresh fruit. Try not to be limited to one type: the child's menu should be varied. Be sure to offer compotes to your baby in addition to juices and tea, rosehip juice will also be useful.
Important! If possible, feed your child only freshly prepared dishes: this way there is less chance of food poisoning, vitamins are better preserved in food.
Mental development of a child at 1.5 years
Babies in one and a half years old are well-versed in many everyday matters. Moreover, they readily master digital technology: smartphones and PCs, happily viewing photos or answering calls. Naturally, if they have access to these gadgets. Of course, if possible, it is worth limiting the crumb in these exciting activities.
By this age, it is advisable to teach the baby the following actions:
- distinguish between the simplest geometric shapes - a triangle, a ball, a square;
- unmistakably collect the pyramid;
- distinguish between several colors;
- draw simple shapes on paper - they are not yet perfect, most often they are zigzags, short lines created with a pencil or pen.
You can often observe how the kid turns the pages of the book with concentration. If there are drawings in it, he can point to the characters, comment on their actions. Try to periodically purchase new literature for the crumbs, which then alternate so that the crumbs are constantly interested in books.
Modeling life situations
The child still has a lot to learn. The formation of his behavior occurs on the basis of the daily activities of family members, as well as outside adults, whom he observes on the street, in stores and other institutions. Possible game options:
- caring for a doll or soft toy (for boys);
- playing with a typewriter, which the child drags by the string or carries it on the floor;
- fun in the sandbox - try to buy your kid at least a simple set of toys (molds, bucket, shovel, rake).
Play with your child in the store, theater, circus or other role-playing performances, trying to ensure that he receives at least a little new information from each activity.
Child education
The task of adults is to ensure that the baby understands the prohibitions and permissions accurately. The main type of influence is the intonation of the voice: affectionate or angry, calm or excited. A healthy child is well-disposed, he quickly forgets about conflict situations, is able to instantly switch attention from one event to another. Other features:
- keen interest in the actions of other people;
- conflict in joint games with peers;
- tearfulness during a long separation from the mother - the child is not yet ready to remain without her for a long time;
- reaction to audible music - children dance or try to sing along.
The kid communicates with pleasure, now he not only happens to what the elders say, but also tries to answer them, readily enters into a dialogue.
Schedule of the day by the hour
And now we will draw up an approximate regimen of a one and a half year old child based on the information presented above. So the schedule:
- 07:00 - awakening;
- 07: 00–07: 30 - water procedures, the baby washes himself, brushes his teeth under the supervision of his mother;
- 07: 30–08: 00 - drawing, entrust the crumb with thick felt-tip pens, stay nearby to look after the baby;
- 08: 00–08: 30 - breakfast, at the age of one and a half, many kids are happy to eat themselves, try to teach the baby to eat neatly, without scattering food outside the plate;
- 08: 30–09: 00 - room cleaning;
- 09: 00–09: 30 - reading a book, developing games;
- 09: 30-11: 30 - a walk through the city streets, visiting grocery stores, having fun with other children in the sandbox;
- 11: 30–12: 00 - returning home, washing hands after the street;
- 12: 00-12: 30 - lunch;
- 12: 30–15: 00 - quiet hour, mom can also rest at this time;
- 15: 00-16: 00 - the baby plays independently, it is desirable that the mother is nearby at this time;
- 16: 00-18: 00 - a walk, you can go to the park or sit on a bench near the house, watching how the baby learns to interact with other kids;
- 18: 00–19: 00 - returning home, cleaning the room, playing with adults;
- 19: 00–19: 30 - dinner with family;
- 19: 30–20: 00 - singing songs with mom or dad;
- 20: 00–20: 30 - preparation for swimming, water procedures;
- 20: 30-21: 30 - massage, dressing, going to bed.
In those moments when you need to do something in the kitchen, try to puzzle the baby. Instruct him to "feed" a doll or build a garage for cars from cubes, read a bedtime story to Mishka or Bunny, or sing a song to them. You will be surprised to notice with what pleasure the little one performs these simple duties. It is at such moments that he learns to take care of others, to show responsibility.
Sometimes parents complain that their children are a lot capricious, suffer from lack of appetite, do not want to go to kindergarten, do not have time in school, and do not see that some of these problems are explained by the wrong daily routine or lack of it. If the child does not get enough sleep, is not used to eating at a certain time, then this leads to a weakening of his health, nervous system, and rapid fatigue. It is necessary to accustom a child to an optimal sleep and wakefulness regime from a very early age.
Some mothers do not recognize the need to draw up a daily routine for a one-year-old baby, believing that both the time of sleep and the time of feeding should be at the request of the child. But the fact that you do not make up an individual daily routine for your one-year-old baby does not mean that it does not exist. It's just that in this case, the time of sleep and wakefulness, feeding and playing for the baby is arbitrary and if it does not coincide with what is convenient for the parents, then everyone suffers. A sleep deprived child is capricious and falls asleep poorly from overwork, parents who do not get enough sleep also lose strength and health.
Therefore, each family should make up a child's day regimen in accordance with his physiological characteristics and his own lifestyle, says Dr. Komarovsky. It is desirable that the awakening time be common for everyone in the house. The main meals should also take place at approximately the same time for all family members, and the additional ones necessary for the crumbs, at a convenient time for mom and baby. The time of the daytime sleep of the crumbs will depend on the time of the meal.
If you stick to the same hour for waking up in the morning, bedding in the evening and feeding during the day, choosing a routine that is convenient for the whole family, then the baby will easily get used to the regime, which will strengthen his health and make life easier for his parents. But in order for the baby to get used to observing sleep and wakefulness, nutrition and hygiene, it is necessary that the mother adhere to the same routine both on weekends and on weekdays.
The approximate daily routine of the baby per year and month is recommended as follows:
Daily regimen for children from 1 to 1.5 years old:
Feeding: 7.30, 12, 16.30, 20.
Wakefulness: 7-10, 12-15.30, 16.30-20.30
Dream: the first 10-12, the second 15.30-16.30, night sleep 20.30-7.
Walk: after lunch and afternoon tea.
Bathing: 19.
Daily regime. Child 1 year 2 months
Child's menu at 1 year old
The first birthday of a baby, which is happily celebrated by loved ones, does not mean that immediately after the baby has become one year old, his sleep and nutrition immediately change dramatically. A child has five meals a year, in which he receives from 1000 to 1200 grams of food. The food should be grated, but already include small pieces in order to teach the crumbs to chew food. Food should still only be boiled, baked or stewed, nothing fried or smoked.
Milk and dairy products continue to be the basis of nutrition. If the baby remains breastfed, then from a year you can gradually replace it with regular baby food. If the baby is artificially fed, then the preparation of the menu must be approached even more carefully, since only from it he receives all the necessary trace elements, vitamins, etc. At the same time, it is the bottle-fed baby that is easier to "overfeed", which also requires the mother to draw up the menu more thoroughly.
For the growth and development of a child, first of all, protein is needed, therefore meat and fish are necessarily included in the baby's menu every year. Since protein is absorbed for a long time, the recommendations state that meat or fish dishes are given to babies no later than lunch.
- Lean types are chosen from meat - veal, beef, chicken. It must be thoroughly cooked - boil or stew for a long time. Served as mashed potatoes or pâtés. Nutritionists suggest giving cutlets and meatballs to babies less often.
- The fish are given low-fat varieties such as pollock, cod, etc. at least one hundred grams per week.
The second mandatory item on the child's menu after a year is porridge. The leaders in health benefits among them are oatmeal and buckwheat, but you should not give up rice, semolina, pearl barley either. Porridge for crumbs is prepared in milk and is usually given for breakfast, adding a little butter (12 gm daily).
Speaking of oil: a child should receive no more than 1 teaspoon of vegetable oil per day. It must necessarily be included in the diet of the crumbs, as it contains useful substances necessary for development. It can be added to a salad or used minimally in cooking.
Be sure to include vegetables and fruits in the baby's menu. This is usually mashed potatoes a year, but you can gradually get used to salads - finely chopped or grated carrots, boiled potatoes and beets, pumpkin or apples. It is preferable to make vegetable salads from no more than two components; a little more components can be included in fruit salads.
After the first birthday, it's time to teach the little ones to the first courses: soups and broths. Meat broths for children of this age should be light, not greasy. To do this, they are prepared as follows: the meat is cooked for 10-15 minutes, after which the broth is drained, and a soup for children is prepared from it, and the meat is cooked further
Children are very fond of sweets and you can offer sweet fruits, cookies, marmalade or marshmallow as a dessert. In limited quantities, safe sweets will delight your baby.
Physical development
After a year, the kid becomes more and more active, he quickly builds up his motor skills. He walks more and more confidently, can pick up objects of interest to him from the floor, independently squat down and get up, step over obstacles and start running. To help him consolidate his successes and master new opportunities, it is time to accustom the child to morning exercises, which takes no more than 10 minutes. Exercises are carried out in a playful way and only if the kid wants it.
Dream
In a year, there is a smooth transition in sleep and wakefulness to a more active pastime than in infants under one year old. At this age, the baby should sleep 14-16 hours a day, of which three to four hours are allotted for daytime sleep. Dr. Komarovsky calls a slightly lower figure of 13.5 hours, but this is all within the framework of individual differences. Even for one child, the need for sleep can change from day to day.
Therefore, the regime should not be dogma. It is quite acceptable to compensate for the lack of sleep on one day by laying down earlier at night, and on the other, due to poor sleep at night, to allow you to sleep longer during the day. But this still should be rather an exception, one must strive for sleep at the same time. In a year when the child's activity grows, it is especially important to teach him to sleep and wake up times convenient for the family.
In a year, the child also sleeps twice a day, one of which is longer. But after a year, there is a gradual transition to a single sleep. Do not rush to cancel one of the laying, you just need to watch the baby. The second daytime sleep will depend on the child's needs: if he is tired or has not slept, then he will fall asleep by himself, and if he is active, then you should not insist, but it is better to put him to sleep earlier in the evening, already at night.
Continue to maintain your evening bedding ritual overnight. This calms the baby and helps him fall asleep easily. In one year, it is already worth teaching a child to fall asleep without a mother - without breastfeeding and motion sickness.
Baby sleep rules, baby sleep, baby sleep
Approximate daily routine for children from 1.1 to 2 years old
After a year, every month the baby's physical activity increases during the day, and the night's sleep becomes stronger. But in the first 6 months, the child still gets tired quickly, periods of hyperactive behavior are replaced by lethargy and he still needs to rest twice a day. Even if the baby does not fall asleep a second time, it is necessary for him to lie down quietly for a while, otherwise the baby may become overworked.
By the year and six months, the child improves his physical and intellectual capabilities, and therefore his skills and abilities expand. He is already running, using a spoon, can hold a cup, knows the words "can" and "no", and so on. Increased physical strength and strengthening of the nervous system allow him to go to a one-time nap. Approximately the following daily regimen is recommended.
Daily regimen for children from 1.5 to 2 years old:
Feeding: 8, 12, 15.30, 19.30.
Wakefulness: 7.30 – 12.30, 15.30 – 20.20.
Dream: 12.30 – 15.30, 20.30 – 7.30
Walk: after breakfast and afternoon tea.
Bathing: 18.30.
Child's day regimen from 2 to 3 years old
After two years, a child is already actively mastering speech, speaking in sentences and actively expanding his vocabulary. He has good control over his body compared to a one-year-old baby, he can eat neatly, put on and take off his T-shirt and panties himself. During the day, the child asks for a potty, at night it is not yet given to him. Feeding should be four times a day, one nap.
A child in the period from two to three years can already restrain his desires for a short time and do some business. But he is still hyperactive, cannot engage in repetitive actions for a long time and is easily aroused. A baby can do one thing for no more than half an hour, so long periods of wakefulness should be filled with alternating activities.
Daily regimen for children from 2 to 3 years old:
Feeding: 8, 12.30, 16.30, 19.
Wakefulness: 7.30 – 13.30, 15.30 – 20.30.
Dream: 13.30 – 15.30, 20.30 – 7.30.
Walk: 2 times a day after breakfast and afternoon tea.
Douche: after night and day sleep (in winter) and before lunch (in summer).
Bathing: before bedtime.
Children after a year are very fond of swimming, but you can already wash it two or three times a week. If there is a need and desire, then it can be done more often, but in this case, the skin must be lubricated with baby cream or oil. After a year, it's time to regularly take care of your teeth. While this, of course, is the concern of the parents, as well as teaching him to wash himself and wash his pens.
After a year, the child is gradually taught to use a spoon, to potty train.
Walks in the open air
Regardless of the weather after a year, children should definitely walk outside on weekdays and on weekends. Even in cold weather, the baby should be outdoors for at least 20 minutes a day, and in good weather - the longer, the better.
Experts believe that if the weather and the capabilities of the parents allow, then you need to walk twice a day from one and a half to two hours. Now, when the child already walks not only in a stroller, but walks with his own feet, a walk gives the child both physical activity and knowledge of the world. Prolonged exposure to fresh air promotes good appetite and sound sleep in the child.
Child and Regime - School of Doctor Komarovsky
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