How often do we hear these words as characteristics used in different contexts and with different meanings. So who are these introverts and extroverts?? It is not so difficult to figure it out - we see "living examples" at every step. The term itself came to us from psychology, indicating a certain complex of personality traits, in general, predetermining a person's attitude towards himself, others and the world around him. However, extraversion or introversion is most clearly manifested in interpersonal relationships, which we will talk about.
The easiest way to describe these types in a nutshell is: extroverts prefer an active social life, and introverts prefer their own inner world. Based on the explanations of the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung, introversion or extraversion are ways of realizing internal energy that somehow wants to be transformed into action. Accordingly, extroverts indulge in dreams, fantasy, creativity and philosophical research, and introverts - in communication, friendships, work, knowledge of the world around them.
Extroverts love to speak in public, to be participants in noisy, fun holidays, parties and events, as the saying goes * to see others and show yourself *. Remember the toastmaster, the host of any show - and an extrovert will appear in front of you in all the "glory" of his own spiritual properties.
Introverts these are, rather, writers, artists, philosophers, scientist theorists, people of constructive, creative professions that require solitude, introspection or thorough delving into the subject under study. To gain peace of mind, an introvert needs peace and loneliness, while an extrovert needs crowded gatherings and everyone's attention.
It is worth focusing on the fact that they rarely come across extroverts and introverts in "pure form". The unambiguous attribution of a person to one psychotype or another is incorrect and is nothing more than an ordinary formality, simplifying and stereotyping attitudes towards each other. In fact, everything is much more complicated, different scientists and psychologists single out from two to sixty factors that may indicate a person's belonging to an introversive or extraverted type. According to Carl Jung, who can rightfully be considered the founding father of this classification, there are four main indicators (functions) that determine who a person is - an extrovert or introvert. These are thinking, feeling, feeling and intuition. Their recombinations give many subtypes, which, in turn, gave rise to various discussions and other classifications of psychotypes.
Personality type ( extrovert or introvert) is the way a person responds. Since our life and the incidents in it are very diverse, we are forced to quickly adapt to changing environmental conditions. This explains the fact that an extrovert in general can be an introvert in detail, and vice versa. So, for example, an extrovert can be a wonderful manager, not depend on the team and perform their duties perfectly. However, wanting to get a promotion, he will simply have to lead an active life, communicate with colleagues, speak in front of an audience, and so on. That is, to acquire the qualities of an extrovert, while remaining a true introvert at heart.
Personality type can change with age (although rarely and often - not very dramatically). The better the introversion or extraversion is expressed, the less comfortable a person will feel in conditions that do not correspond to his mental life. The most serious psychological changes in a mature person occur after 40 years. At this point, dramatic changes in the nature and way of responding can occur. Don't worry too much about this - just support your favorite introvert or extrovert, whoever they are.
As the psychiatrist believed, these are people with different vectors of the direction of vital energy. The first are oriented outward, into the world of others; the second (these are introverts) - inward.
More than a hundred years have passed since then, and the concept of "introvert" has acquired many interpretations, interpretations and additional meanings. Let's try to figure out what kind of person he is and what types of introverts there are.
Inside yourself - into the outside world
Speaking of introverts, of course, we will have to touch on the opposite end of the scale, so first of all, we will define all types. So, introverts, extroverts, ambiverts - who are they? If to generalize as much as possible, then everything can be explained with the help of binary oppositions:
- Planning - improvising.
- Listens - speaks.
- Retires - interacts.
- Self-sufficient - needs others.
- Limits contacts - expands contacts.
The first words in each pair are a characteristic of an introvert, the second, respectively, are his antipode. Ambivert is a cross between the two types.
The tendency to introversion or extraversion can also be defined as a different type of environmental conditions. Introverts turn from this environment inward, while extroverts, on the contrary, strive for it.
By the way, as recent studies of neuroscientists show, the gravitation to one pole or another is explained by physiological reasons. The cerebral cortex in introverts is constantly in a state of stronger arousal than in the opposite type.
That is, the former need a smaller amount of external stimuli to stimulate it, and the latter, respectively, more. Therefore, an introverted person prefers to restore strength alone or, in extreme cases, in a circle of loved ones, while an extrovert is "recharged" in society.
Consequently, it is unlikely that it will be possible to radically change your psychotype. And is it worth it? Of course, if, say, on duty an introvert has to talk a lot or speak in public, he will be able to do it - he will be able to "put on a mask" of an extrovert, but then he will need peace and loneliness to recuperate.
It is better to learn how to get the most out of your features. So, questions like "How to stop being an introvert?" shouldn't even arise. Let others take their place: "What are the benefits of introverts especially useful in my profession?" For extroverts, it will be useful to think about how to communicate with an introvert so that he is comfortable, and not try to remake him for himself.
Or calm, preferring to be in the shadows, focused on his inner reflections, thoughtfully and attentively performing the task at hand? It is not surprising if the majority answer that the first person, that is, the extrovert, is successful. The introvert traits seem to be more appropriate for a humble performer with little ability, but they are not.
Introverted children cause concern for their parents: they are too shy and quiet, an introverted teenager is often seen by his classmates as an unsociable beech ... As they grow up, new problems arise, for example, when trying to establish a romantic relationship. Let's say an introverted man will hesitate for a very long time before admitting his feelings.
For example, introverts tend to be slow or ... are thorough and able to fully concentrate on the task at hand. And the contact of extroverts is easy to imagine as frivolity and superficiality in relations with people.
Subtypes
In addition to the fact that introversion itself can be expressed weaker or stronger in a person, it can also be of various types.
Accordingly, many combinations are possible: a mental introvert, an intuitive extrovert, and so on, and so on ... This classification underlies the well-known division according to socionic types. You can often find slightly different-sounding wording. For example, an emotional introvert is an introvert with a predominant sensory function.
But there is also another typology. It is completely new (it was first presented to the scientific community in 2011), but it has already received a large number of positive reviews and has interested not only psychologists, but also ordinary people. It was suggested by the American professor of psychology Jonathan Cheek.
A social introvert is a person who, in general, feels the need to be among his own kind, but precisely to be, and not to actively interact with them. This type works better individually than in a team. Among a small group of close people, he can even be the soul of the company. But it's not so easy to become a member of this circle of the elect: a social introvert is very selective in contacts.
A thoughtful introvert attaches great importance to the inner work that his mind does every day: for him, she is real rather than life around. Thoughts, feelings, experiences, observations, constant analysis of all this ... People often say about such people that they live in their own world. The artist, writer, designer and other creative professions are perfect for thoughtful introverts, allowing them to fully express their rich imagination and personality.
What is Anxious Introversion? With her, loneliness is rather a compulsory measure than a conscious choice. A person loves clear rules and predictability and feels comfortable in situations where he can get both.
In conclusion, we recall that Jung himself noted: pure extroverts and pure introverts do not meet, but each person tends to a particular pole to a greater extent. It's the same with subtypes: you can recognize yourself in several descriptions at once, and this is absolutely normal.
In any case, we emphasize once again: to say about yourself "I am an introvert" does not mean to admit that something is wrong with you. It means understanding yourself and thinking about how to get the most out of your personality. What we wish you! Author: Evgeniya Bessonova
Reading time: 2 minutes
Introvert and extrovert are fundamentally different psychological types of personality. In psychology, three psychotypes are distinguished: introvert, extrovert, ambivert. Introvert and extrovert refer to two very opposing personality types. An extrovert is a type of personality whose behavior is directed at the people around him, active interaction with them. An introvert is a type of personality whose actions are directed inward, that is, towards oneself. Ambivert is a person who combines all the qualities of an extrovert and an introvert.
The definition of extrovert and introvert consists of the following characteristics. Extroverts prefer communication with different people, trying to attract the attention of others, so they often participate in public speeches, contests, and crowded events.
Introverts are less focused on communication and various activities, they are more comfortable spending time alone with inner reflections, anxieties or feelings. Often introverts are creative people, they also prefer to observe any social processes from the outside, but not take part in them.
For an extrovert, for a comfortable state, it is necessary to have people near him, whose help he can also use in a collective matter. An introvert, on the other hand, is alien to everything that involves interaction with others, he is comfortable working alone, with his own strength, not expecting or accepting help from anyone.
The concept of introvert and extrovert is one of the basic characteristics of a person, since they determine the direction of behavior, the main motives and the nature of the relationship.
Introvert and extrovert, who is this
The definition of extrovert and introvert lies in the characteristics of their energy. Since all vital processes are energy-intensive, the way to compensate for this energy is a very important process for every person. Usually, recuperation occurs at the expense of food and sleep, only certain individuals need additional resources. So, extroverts need society, from communication they receive an additional charge of positive and strength. Without active interaction with other personalities, extroverts begin to "wither" before our eyes. Introverts have enough sleep, they can go through the day without communication with anyone. From this definition it follows that the extrovert is to some extent an "energy vampire." An "energy vampire" is a person in need of energy recharge. Replenishment of reserves occurs by absorbing the energy of other people, doing this in an unconstructive way.
Thus, the energy vampire is an extrovert who acquires energy through inflicting pain on other people (insulting, threatening, blackmailing, criticizing).
But if you declare that the energy vampire is an extrovert, then you first need to indicate that not all extroverts are extroverts. Most extroverts who receive energy from people do it through good, benefiting others.
To understand how an extrovert differs from an introvert, you need to observe a person's behavior. The whole essence is best expressed in behavior.
Often, almost all people in friendly companies tell jokes to each other from time to time, but there is such a person in the company, whose jokes always seem the most ridiculous, funny and funny, and everyone is ready to listen to this person for hours. This person is without a doubt, an extrovert who brings pleasure to other people and himself enjoys it.
In every office, every company or factory, workers can be found extroverted and introverted. And each of them, both extrovert and introvert, has advantages and disadvantages. For effective performance and efficiency, it is necessary that all the advantages of an extrovert and an introvert are fully utilized one hundred percent. Disadvantages, in turn, on the contrary, it is necessary to try to rework in order to turn them into advantages.
It is possible to highlight the main advantages of an introvert in his professional activities. The introvert's propensity for individual work prevents many problems, since all responsibility for the implementation lies with him alone, and in case of any misunderstandings, then all questions will be posed to only one introvert, and he, in turn, knows well what he is doing and not on who will shove the blame.
Professionally significant advantages of the extrovert: the ease of making new contacts allows the extrovert to conclude successful deals, conduct interviews. Extroverts are so confident and sociable that it doesn't really matter to them who stands in front of them, whether it be an ambassador or an ordinary worker, they know their job, their work is their life.
Extroverts are sociable with friends and are equally sociable at work. Extroverts do not have public speeches, on the contrary, the more they see people in front of them, whose eyes are fixed on them, the more they feel self-confidence, as they are saturated with the energy of the audience.
In addition to the merits of introverts, they also have disadvantages. Because of their personality traits, introverts do not communicate well with their boss or work colleagues if they have to meet. Through too solitary work, introverts may find it even more difficult to communicate, since there is no need for communication, and at work they do not have to talk to anyone at all. Lack of ability becomes a big problem for introverts, but if their job is solitary activity, then they will do it at a high level.
Although extroverts are loved and accepted by almost everyone in their circle, since they are active, sociable, want to develop, self-actualize, at first it seems difficult to identify some of their shortcomings. But just due to the fact that extroverts are too active, they are mistaken for irresponsible people, since their mood can change quite often, and this affects their performance. An extrovert in business and in personal communication, in most cases, does not worry about the comfort of the interlocutor or client. Even if a person expresses negative reactions, the extrovert also accepts them, since this is also energy. Extroverts have a weakness in public speaking, so by getting too carried away with their performance, the extrovert can turn it into a farce.
Extrovert and introvert, you can give some recommendations, using which they can develop patterns of behavior, as in the opposite personality type.
Introverts must learn to communicate with people in such a way as to receive only a positive reaction from the interlocutor or from his listener. To do this, they need to gain patience and force themselves to communicate with others, especially with those with whom they should bring some success.
Introverts who do not like to communicate, but must do this, due to business or personal circumstances, can find a person among people who loves to talk a lot, then from the side of the introvert it will not be necessary to strain too much, since a chatty, especially superficial person will use the company of such " active "listener and will talk incessantly, and the introvert, in turn, will receive what he wanted - the necessary connections.
Extroverts may want to learn to control the communication process so that they can stop at the moment when they see that the other person is tired of their monologue or any other negative reaction. The extrovert needs to learn to curb their emotions and put the interests of the interlocutor in a high place, and not show the dominance of their own interests.
In individual psychology, there are three types of personalities: introvert, extrovert, ambivert.
The extrovert and introvert have already been discussed above, it remains to define the type of ambivert. An ambivert is a person who combines the properties of two types, both an extrovert and an introvert. That is, an ambivert sometimes becomes the soul of the company, that is, an extrovert, but often he may have a desire to be alone, like an introvert. These are people who are sometimes not immediately noticed in a large company, but in a close circle they are quite sociable. Ambivert is able to speak publicly in front of people, but he may have problems making new contacts.
How to identify an introvert or extrovert
Determining whether one has a psychological type of introvert or extrovert can be done using special tests designed to determine the type of personality. Here is an example of the most frequently asked questions to determine the psychological type of an extrovert or introvert: is it comfortable for me to work alone, is it easy for me to communicate with people, especially new ones, is there a craving for public speaking or a tendency to stay in the spotlight, and other similar questions.
To understand how an extrovert differs from an introvert, you can even just watch any of their public speeches. The emotional fullness of this speech will be completely different for both the extrovert and the introvert. The extrovert will begin his speech with humor, ask the listeners how they are doing, ask some leading questions about the topic, which an introvert will never do.
The introvert begins with a measured, calm narration, gradually increasing the emotionality of the speech.
To determine how an extrovert differs from an introvert, you need to take a good look at the people around you, observe the differences in their behavior and draw conclusions about what type of person you just communicated with.
An introvert likes solitude, self-absorption, during which he daydreams, fantasizes, or reflects. Introverts, even if they come to some kind of party, try to keep aloof from others, they like loneliness and calmness. Introverts can use their characteristics for professional purposes, certain life events that require a person to be focused and planned. An introvert knows well what and why he is doing, he will not make unnecessary movements, interact with the outside world, if there is no reason for this. The introvert's character is calm. He is a reasonable and balanced nature. An introvert will not make categorical hasty decisions, will think through all the options, and choose the most effective one from all sides. Often this balance is bordering on indecision and slowness. In their personal lives, introverted women are home keepers, caring mothers. Introverted men are wonderful and loyal husbands, but they can often be used by manipulative wives.
Extroverts are highly active, courageous, and spontaneous. This is both their strength and weakness. Extroverted individuals strive to be leaders in everything, to be socially recognized. For them, the most important are the manifestations of recognition of their merits, rather than the real value of their actions and achievements. They never get tired of the company of people, because by communication they add energy to themselves.
Extroverts are very easy-going, proactive, and determined. Sometimes their determination borders on recklessness. They are the soul of the company, they are leaders and leaders. Using their power, they can become arrogant and selfish. On the way to achieving success, nothing will stop them, they are confident in their actions and they don't need anything else. In love relationships, extroverts always take over. Therefore, if a couple in love consists of two extroverts, then in the event of a quarrel, they will defend their innocence in front of the other, loudly sorting out the relationship.
It should be noted that there are not so many pronounced psychotypes. Often an extrovert is simply a person who loves to talk more than others. In fact, in each person there are qualities of both types, just their manifestation is different, some features can be more revealed, others less.
For example, a person can be cheerful, cheerful, smile at everyone and always, but he has periods when he does not want to communicate with anyone, plunges into his inner world, can mask his problems with the manifestation of excessive activity and sociability. This extraversion is false. Introverts, who are so characterized by a slow response, can make a decision quickly enough at the necessary moment and then not regret it.
Most clearly, you can observe the compatibility of an introvert and an extrovert in the relationship between a man and a woman. These opposite types are examples of fairly strong alliances. They complement each other perfectly. At the right time, they can cheer or, on the contrary, calm down their partner, and it does not matter at all which of them has which type.
Introverts quickly get bored with each other, because none of them is the first to show the initiative and they can be so inactive for a long time, plunging into themselves. A couple of extroverts often conflict, their quarrels can go on for a very long time, because none of them wants to give in, they feed on each other's energy, such a relationship requires strong nerves.
As you can see, the compatibility of an introvert and an extrovert is quite natural, although at first glance it would seem to someone that this is far from the case.
In both psychological types there are both positive and negative qualities, which makes it reckless to choose which of them is better. Therefore, both introverts and extroverts must be present in life, as has already been demonstrated in the examples of couples above. Simply, each person, by virtue of understanding his personal characteristics, should be able to adapt to other people in order to ensure himself a full life, good relations with the world around him and people.
How an introvert becomes an extrovert
Surely there are people who are worried about the question: can an introvert become an extrovert. The answer is: "if you really want to ...". But it is important to understand that it will be very difficult for a person who has lived his entire conscious life as an introvert to rebuild his attitudes, worldview, and behavior.
In fact, why do this at all, if a person is comfortable being an introvert, and he feels comfortable in his body. But, if an introvert personally wants to change his worldview, reconsider his views, transform his personality, because he needs it, then he can try to change.
It is important to understand that the attempts of introverts to become an extroverted person may at first seem clumsy, give a pretense of behavior, but gradually a person will acquire new skills and abilities. This is unlikely to greatly affect his personal attitudes, but from the outside, an introvert may well seem to be an extrovert. So, can an introvert become an extrovert? Answer: partially. Here are some of the ways to become an extrovert.
The first tip for introverts is to find a "productive discomfort" zone for yourself. It means finding a state that goes beyond the usual, in which a person feels more productive and active. It is the state of such discomfort that leads to increased productivity. So, a person finds a new job and feels a certain awkwardness or discomfort, but he steps over himself and tries to work effectively.
You can also go to travel to places where the privileges of the material world are absent. Only by leaving the zone of personal comfort, by opening towards the world, an introvert can experience the feelings that an extrovert feels, enjoying the novelty.
You just have to start doing it small. For example, if an introvert was always alone in the office during lunchtime, ordering food with delivery, then he needs to go out with colleagues for lunch in a cafe once.
A useful way to change yourself is to challenge yourself, for example, you need to do something absolutely unusual once or twice a week, something that you always wanted to do, but internal complexes did not allow. Extroverts don't feel inhibited, they succumb to inner impulses, and it doesn't matter if they regret it too much. You need to push yourself to stop succumbing to internal barriers, they need to be destroyed.
Just do not immediately make plans for Napoleon, you need to gradually enter a new state for yourself. For example, start greeting your neighbors, stop chatting with them for a minute, ask people on the street what time it is, sign up for some courses, and much more.
If an introvert has decided to try some kind of event, a crowded event, he can find his own kind on it. There, often there are always people who are not doing what everyone else is doing, they do not play games, do not take part in contests, and are suspended. Perhaps they had a similar situation, maybe they came to such an event in search of new acquaintances, but are afraid to take the first step. In this case, you can be the first to take the initiative, demonstrate your unobtrusive society and start a good acquaintance.
It can be even better if you use your indecision for your own purposes. For example, start a conversation by saying that you are here for the first time and do not know anyone, do not know how to start a conversation with all these strangers. Thus, due to your sincerity, you can win over a person and relieve tension. You just need to think in advance what questions you can ask other people, what exactly to talk about yourself, so that there are no awkward pauses in conversations.
You can use one proven method: just ask the person how he got to this event, what relation he has to him and what he actually does in his usual time of spending. People love to talk about themselves. Thus, it turns out that the introvert does not say much, but he established contact, the partner will remember him as a pleasant interlocutor.
If it is not possible to attend some events, then you can arrange them at home, so you can get to know people better, and the atmosphere will help relieve tension.
It is important, after the efforts spent on increasing social activity, to make yourself a restorative rest. Still, an introvert has to spend a lot of moral and physical strength to communicate with people. At home, alone, he can spend time as he is comfortable, in complete silence.
Speaker of the Medical and Psychological Center "PsychoMed"
Psychologists divide a person's personality into three main psychotypes. They are determined using the characteristics of introversion, extraversion and ambivalence. Who are introverts and extroverts? What are their differences and advantages?
These types are strikingly different, because they are complete opposites of each other. Each psychotype is curled up from innate qualities.
Here is a brief description, for an initial understanding of what each of them means:
- Extrovert - willingly interacts with the outside world and the people around him.
- An introvert is closed in the inner world, actions and thoughts are aimed at understanding oneself.
- Ambivert is a cross between an extrovert and an introvert.
To know how each type differs, it is necessary to analyze the behavior of different people. Introversion and extraversion are basic personality traits. The characteristic gives an assessment and the reasons for the behavior inherent in each psychotype.
What is the Difference Between Introvert and Extrovert
How to determine what type of personality a person belongs to? - We need to watch him. Behavior and reaction to external factors and situations is an indicator of a person's belonging to one type or another.
| Attitude and behavior | Introvert | Extrovert |
| · Friendship | Prefers a small social circle, limited by a small number of friends. Strong trusting relationships in exceptional cases, when friendship has been tested by time and situations. But, despite having at least one friend, he relies only on himself, preferring a lonely pastime. | He loves large companies, has many friends and acquaintances. Nor is it a dominant factor that most of these relationships are superficial. Feels satisfied, surrounded by a large crowd of friends. |
| Praise | having completed the task, does not expect to be praised for it. The main thing is that he himself is satisfied with the work done. | a viewer is needed who will appreciate the works, even if they are not of great importance. Those with leadership qualities need praise and recognition. |
| Attention to detail | Calmness, poise and attentiveness are characteristic. Accustomed to being in their inner world most of the time, they protect themselves from the influence of external factors that distract. Therefore, they are happy to take on painstaking work that requires detailed study and long-term implementation. “It's not that I'm so smart. I just spend more time solving the problem. ”Albert Einstein |
Different fields of study are given with ease. But due to constant contact with other people, they are often distracted by unnecessary things. They prefer work related to communication, which does not require careful study of details and nuances. Long immersion in details, detached from the outside world, causes fatigue and melancholy in the extrovert. |
| New contacts | Starting a direct conversation with a stranger is not the most comfortable way to communicate. If business issues are to be resolved, they would rather use e-mail than resort to a personal contact or a phone call. | Any contacts are easy, the only difference is in the presentation and form of communication. Having a natural openness and talkativeness, it is not difficult to start a dialogue with a stranger. It is important to understand that the ability to make new connections is not in every case determined by the type of personality. This can be influenced by qualities such as shyness and timidity. Such qualities can be possessed by an introvert and an extrovert. |
| ·Public opinion | The main thing is agreement with oneself, inner aspirations and principles. Thought processes are directed towards inner sensations and comfort. Therefore, I do not care about the opinion of others regarding thoughts and actions. Only their own feelings and perception of what is happening are predominant. | Thinks about what people will say and feel. Accustomed to being in the thick of things, he tries to please other people's desires and preferences. Acting for the sake of the collective intelligence, he feels that he has become a full-fledged part of society. |
| Trouble | Spending time alone with himself, he endures difficulties much more calmly and silently. Reasoning aimed at solving any problem is accompanied by deep introspection, without the intervention of outsiders. | It is necessary to communicate with people in any situation, from this receives an emotional boost. When faced with adversity, he will feel the need to tell others about it. Unable to cope with negative emotions on his own, he shares the problem with anyone, hoping to get support. |
| Energy recovery | To renew vital energy, you need to enter your comfort zone. Calmness, loneliness and sleep will be a good medicine against fatigue. | Gains strength from the outside, communicating with people, feeding on positive emotions and impressions. |
The above qualities are not accurate indicators of belonging to a particular type. Behavior depends on many factors and circumstances that serve as a catalyst for its temporary change.
The transition from introvert to extrovert
Can one become another? There is no correct answer, because this applies to individual cases. Psychotype changes are a complete personality change.
It is believed that there is an extrovert in every introvert, and vice versa. The difference is that in someone more certain qualities inherent in one of the two psychotypes prevail.
If an introvert decides to change his lifestyle, trying to feign it to join large companies, portraying a cheerful, sociable interlocutor, this can negatively affect the internal state. Accustomed to spending most of the time alone, an introvert, surrounded by noise and numerous people, can expose his refined psyche to stress.
The world is ruled by introverts who know how to pretend to be extroverts.
A. Zhurba
In order to make some changes in life, it is enough to think about what areas of activity and thinking can be taken out of the comfort zone. If the changes do not become painful, you can continue to develop in the chosen direction, combining all sorts of sides.
IntrovertIntroversion - extraversion- a common basis in psychology for categorizing or measuring personality traits. The best known are two slightly different concepts of introversion-extraversion, belonging to Carl Gustav Jung and Hans Jürgen Eysenck.
According to Jung, extraversion manifests itself in the orientation of a person's libido to the outside world, in the fact that the extrovert prefers the social and practical aspects of life to immersion in the world of imagination and reflection. An introvert, on the other hand, prefers thinking and imagination to operations with real external objects.
Psychology knows two fundamentally different types of personality: extroverts and introverts.
Extroverts are a type of personality (or behavior) that is oriented in its manifestations outside, towards others.
Introverts are a type of personality (or behavior) oriented inward or towards oneself.
Extroverts are characterized by behavior in which a person seeks:
- to communicate with people,
- attention from others,
- participation in public speaking,
- participating in crowded events and parties.
An extrovert can be an excellent toastmaster, organizer (often on a volunteer basis), an official, managing people, an entertainer, or an entertainer.
Introverts are characterized by behavior that is more associated with comfortable loneliness, inner reflections and experiences, creativity or observation of the process. An introvert can be an excellent scientist, researcher, observer, writer, or self-employed person. If an extrovert needs the presence of other people for comfort, then an introvert is comfortable working alone.
Over time, Jung significantly revised his views on extraversion-introversion. First, he identified a number of independent factors (psychological functions), which he previously included in the extraversion-introversion: thinking, feeling (experience), sensation, intuition. Second, starting with his programmatic work "Psychological Types" (1920), he spoke not about extroverts and introverts, but about extraversion or introversion of the dominant function. That is, he wrote that one of the functions can dominate in the psyche of an individual person - extraverted or introverted thinking, feeling, sensation, intuition, while in the psyche there was a place for other functions that played an auxiliary role or were displaced into the unconscious.
Eysenck, borrowing these concepts from Jung, fills them with a slightly different content - for Eysenck, these concepts are the poles of a superfactor - a complex of correlating personality traits that is genetically determined. Eysenck's typical extrovert is sociable, optimistic, impulsive, has a wide circle of acquaintances and has little control over emotions and feelings. On the contrary, a typical introvert is calm, shy, distant from everyone except close people, plans his actions in advance, loves order in everything and keeps his feelings under strict control.
In psychiatry, the typology of Leonhard is widespread, who borrowed the earliest interpretation of this term according to Jung and rethought it: according to Leonhard, an extrovert is a weak-willed person, subject to influence from the outside, an introvert is a strong-willed person. At the same time, Leonhard's typology is psychiatric, not psychological, and refers primarily to pathologies. If we talk not about pathologies, then close to the interpretation of this term by Leonhard (but not by Jung) are such terms of psychology as locus of control (internal and external), externalism and internalism (Ackoff and Emery), etc.
The terms "extraversion" and "introversion" are also used in the Myers-Briggs typology, in socionics, in psychosophy, in the NEO-PI-R test and a number of other modern questionnaires and diagnostic techniques, where their interpretation has its own specifics.
At its core, introversion is a type of temperament. This is not at all that shyness or alienation, this is not pathology. In addition, this personality trait cannot be changed, even if you really want to. But you can teach to work with him, not against him.
The most important characteristic of introverts is their source of energy: Introverts draw energy from their inner world of ideas, emotions, and impressions. They conserve energy. The outside world quickly puts them into a state of overexcitation, and they have an unpleasant sensation when there is "too much" of something. This can manifest itself in exhaustion or, conversely, in apathy. In any case, they need to limit social contacts so as not to be completely devastated. Nonetheless, introverts need to complement their time alone with a time when they go out into the outside world, otherwise they may lose their sense of perspective and connection with other people. Introverts who can balance energy needs are resilient and tenacious, can see things independently, focus deeply, and work creatively.
What are the most characteristic qualities of extroverts? They are energized from the outside world - from actions, people, places and things. They are wasters of energy. Long periods of inactivity, inner contemplation, or loneliness, or communication with only one person deprive them of a sense of the meaning of life. Nevertheless, extroverts need to supplement the time they spend in action with intervals of just being, otherwise they will get lost in a whirlwind of feverish activity. Extroverts have a lot to offer our society: they express themselves easily, focus on results, and adore the crowd and the action.
Introverts are like a recharging battery. They need to stop periodically, stop wasting energy and rest in order to recharge again. It is the opportunity to recharge that provides introverts with a less exciting environment. In it, they restore energy. This is their natural ecological niche.
Extroverts are like solar panels. For them, being alone or inside is like being under heavy, dense clouds. Solar panels need the sun to recharge - extroverts need to be in public for that. Like introversion, extroversion is a temperament with a constant pattern of action. It cannot be changed. You can work with her, but not against her.
Introvert or extrovert - who is this? Introvert or extrovert - how do you know who I am?
Sometimes a person thinks about who he is - an introvert or an extrovert. What are these concepts? To understand, you need to know some terms generally accepted in psychology.
How do you know if a person is introvert or extrovert? Who is this?
The character of a person is a combination of actions, habits and skills. Its traits are certain habits and specific skills. And it is they who dictate how a person should act in a given situation. But, in addition to the habits and skills formed during life, the character can be attributed to one of the psychological types that also affect his actions. An introvert and an extrovert - who they are, what character traits are inherent in them, psychologists can more accurately say.
Concepts
The terms "extrovert" and "introvert" have been known for a long time, but they were firmly introduced into everyday life by Carl Jung at the beginning of the 20th century. These are two completely opposite personality types. It is believed that each person has traits of both types, but one predominates.
An extrovert is a person who loves to communicate very much. He may have a rich inner world, but he does not really pay attention to it, but only if it is necessary to achieve some goal.
An introvert is a person who is self-absorbed. And nevertheless, if necessary, he can communicate with people, but only as much as necessary. The definition of a personality type is based on a combination of qualities such as ambition, activity, assertiveness, sociability and talkativeness. To answer the question: "Are you an introvert or an extrovert?", It is necessary to consider in more detail each type separately. And only then can you make any conclusions.
Extrovert
An extrovert is a person who seeks to communicate with people. He likes the attention of others. He easily makes new acquaintances, participates in social events, and often speaks to the public. He is affable, has many friends, is very ambitious and assertive. It is with these words that an extrovert can be characterized.
These people do not tolerate loneliness, they are very dependent on someone else's opinion, which is why it is easy to influence them. An extrovert can become an excellent toastmaster, artist, politician or official. But he must keep his aggressiveness under control, try to limit the propensity to take risks and the desire to act under the influence of the moment.
Introvert
An introvert is a person who is pessimistic, withdrawn, always keeps his emotions under control. He is shy and reserved. He likes to be quiet and alone. The introvert prefers books to society. Rarely makes new acquaintances, and if he becomes someone else, then the most reliable and for life. He never acts contrary to his beliefs, but if suddenly this happens, the introvert will suffer and worry for a long time. Good or bad, but such people practically do not give in to other people's influence and always have their own point of view. One of the most valuable qualities of this personality type is that a person rarely transcends generally established norms of behavior.
Introverts make great scientists, researchers, writers, or entrepreneurs. After all, for them the creative process is more important than the final result. Introverted children are quiet and excellent students who can never stand up for themselves and give back. And all because they are very kind, even too much. Many people use this, especially if they want to write off on the test. Introverted men become henpecked, but women of this type feel much more comfortable in marriage than extroverts.
Where and why did such differences between people come from?
Carl Jung suggested that everything is associated with a source of energy, which determines the type of person (i.e., whether he is introvert or extrovert). Its recovery plays an important role in the well-being and life of everyone. This usually happens during sleep, when the physical body is resting, and the mental one simply experiences the thoughts and feelings that a person experienced during the day. The human biofield can also receive a portion of energy through nutrition and respiration, but it is not as significant as restored during sleep. This scenario of getting energy is only suitable for introverts. In the morning they feel refreshed and refreshed.
Extroverts, on the other hand, need additional energy replenishment for full-fledged life, since they simply do not have enough energy restored overnight. Where can I get it? Only in the surrounding world. Therefore, they so often need attention, try with all their might to attract it to themselves and get their portion of energy from other people. It is with this that the concept of "energy vampirism" is connected. This is a category of extroverts who receive energy by inflicting harm on others, provoking people into scandals and quarrels, in which there is a huge release of energy.
This is why many of those undergoing such an attack feel empty and tired. Fortunately, there are significantly fewer such extroverts than representatives of the other category, who are energized by doing good and helping people. They like to be useful and at the same time, thanks to their good deeds, be the center of attention.
Who is easier to live in our world?
Many people think about who in life is easier to adapt - an introvert or an extrovert. After some observations, we can confidently say that it is easier to adapt after all for an extrovert.
After all, the attention of most people in society is focused on the world around us. And nevertheless, having created all the necessary conditions for himself - solitude and silence, an introvert can fully reveal his potential, just as an extrovert will bring enormous benefits to society, working in the best conditions for his type.
Who is better to be?
It is impossible to say who is worse - an introvert or an extrovert. This is simply not possible. Each personality type has both positive and negative traits. The best example of an introvert is a balanced, calm person who looks at the essence of things, while an extrovert can take them completely lightly. As the complete opposite of a positive introvert, you can imagine a nerd-loser or a programmer in torn jeans, whose hair is disheveled, and his thoughts are hovering somewhere far from the surrounding reality.
Communication of two types
Very often, these two types cannot understand each other due to the fact that they may have different reactions to the same events. And it confuses both. Introverts don't like to be proactive. In essence, they are reinsurers, which greatly hinders them in a team where quick decision-making is valued. At the same time, they are great strategists. Extroverts are impulsive and ready to fight in the here and now. They are interested in tactics and immediate victory.
And cautious introverts in a team only get in the way. And it doesn't matter that the latter can see the situation deeper and predict its outcome in the distant future. In fact, introverts are gray eminences who prefer to watch what is happening from the sidelines, while extroverts crave to be in the center of events.
Sooner or later, each person asks the question: "How do I know if I am an introvert or an extrovert?" And he begins to look for answers in books on psychology. Having passed many tests, the results of which are rather contradictory, he finally gets lost in a sea of information and terms. But the easiest way to get started is to create a comparative table that clearly shows whether this user is introvert or extrovert. In it, you should describe all your character traits and check with the data found in books or, for example, in this article.
Conclusion
It doesn't matter who you are - an introvert or an extrovert. This is not a sentence. Knowing about the positive qualities of your psychological type, you can purposefully reveal them and achieve overwhelming success in the chosen field. In addition, every person, regardless of whether an introvert or an extrovert (who they are, we have already described in detail), who is familiar with these concepts and with the character traits inherent in each of these types, can perfectly communicate with everyone, easily finding a key to them. ...
What is an introvert
Igor nemaltsev
An introvert is someone who "turns" everything in himself. Well, that is, he generally considers everything through his own prism, looking for mechanisms of relationships with the outside world (with other people) in his internal reserves. Based on their views. An extrovert is the one who "turns" all events and relationships, trying on society, "to society., - it is accepted" "so it should be", he is more focused not on his own world, but on the world around him. These are rather superficial definitions (introvert, extrovert), popularization, very simplified, but generally true. Generally speaking, these words, these personal psychological characteristics, introvert and extrovert, most often in everyday life, are used in these superficial meanings, rather amateurishly. Simply because these terms are used in a very truncated, conditionally, well, like in horoscopes, I am Cancer ... or there is Aquarius, etc. There is no need to delve into the meanings of these psychological types. In fact ... these are very capacious and complex concepts. These are the scientific works of psychologists on the level of Jung, - (a value equal to Freud _) ... everything is much more complicated there.
"Makar"
Introversion - extraversion is a common basis in psychology for categorizing or measuring personality traits. The best known are two slightly different concepts of introversion - extraversion, belonging to Carl Gustav Jung and Hans Jürgen Eysenck.
Very good conversationalist;)
Introvert is
aggregate
characteristics
personality. The main
manifestation
introversion
can serve
focus
human attention to
the inner world is more,
than on the outside.
For example, a person
more like
feel your emotions,
feelings, sensations,
understand them than
manifestation of external
the world. And therefore
introverts sometimes
assessed as
closed silent
people who love
to be in
loneliness. In fact
in fact it is only
peculiarities
distribution
attention between
internal and external
side of the world.
(The philosopher gave / gave
meaning of the word
introvert)
Introvert is one
of mental
characteristics of the type
a person who
determined
isolation
person from outside
the world and the environment.
Example from literature
- famous
chekhov character
of the story "The Man in
case ".
The opposite
this personality type
is an extrovert,
which opposite
directed outward.
(A botanist student gave /
gave the meaning of the word
introvert)
Who is an introvert? Who is an extrovert?
Who is an introvert?
Who is an extrovert?
How do you tell an introvert from an extrovert?
Semyon Viktorov
Of all the theory and practice of psychology, these are the two most easily distinguishable categories.
In simple words: introvert - directed inward, inward; an extrovert - outward, to people.
The most elementary test: how can a person find their way in an unfamiliar city? An introvert - himself on the map, an extrovert - asks for directions from others.
But the information is more complicated: it is believed that introverts are theorists, extroverts are practitioners. The main driving force behind scientific and technological progress is introverts, scientists, nerds and nerds. And extroverts are the embodiment of their ideas. And the most dangerous thing in human society is when extroverts, traditionally slightly despising introverts, begin to move their own ideas. They try to pretend to be "great thinkers" and begin to implement their own projects. What comes out of this is known from the history of human civilization. Lots of examples.
Don't underestimate the quiet, humble, and inconspicuous introverts. These are our brain...
The extrovert is focused on the external environment, the people around him. Introvert - on himself (his thoughts, his experiences). Therefore, extroverts are more relaxed, more sociable and it is important for them to be around people. And introverts do not need constant communication and are burdened by large companies. For them, solitude is preferable. They are not at all bored with themselves.
But even with this information, you cannot immediately identify an introvert in front of you or an extrovert. Only a long acquaintance with a person will help to understand who he really is.
Lander
An introvert is a person closed in himself, touchy, suspicious, distrustful, they are melancholic and phlegmatic, and an extrovert, on the contrary, is a person who is constantly in sight, with an open mouth and a huge inner and outer world, these are choleric and sanguine people.
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