Assistance can be distinguished by a malignant tumor. Types and features of a benign tumor. Features of the clinical picture under different types of tumors

If you diagnose cancer in the second stage, then recover from 70 to 80% of patients, the third chance is significantly reduced to 30 - 35%. However, it is very difficult to identify a cancer education at the first stages, since it practically does not have signs. However, if you listen to your own organism, then the tumor can be detected.

The complexity of treatment is also that the detected disease at the first stages does not require large material costs. Then, in subsequently, only big money for the latest drugs and numerous treatments are helped to cure cancer.

From the very beginning of its formation to the final result, cancer lives in the body for about 10 years. To date, there are about 200 varieties of malignant tumors. And each of them can be cured if you turn to the doctor in time. 80% of cancers are considered to be created by a person independently. To the owners of strong immunity, a healthy lifestyle and the optimistic mood of this disease, it is difficult to get.

Cancer can provoke an environmental pollution, unclean water, polluted air and a fixed lifestyle. Improper nutrition also gives an impetus to the formation of a malignant tumor. Therefore, 75% of food should be predominantly plant origin and only in 25% of the animal. People who are regularly sitting on excessive "effective" diets also contribute to tumor formations. The risk group includes the relatives of cancer.

Symptoms talking about cancer

Despite all these statistics, you could already significantly spoil your health. Moreover, environmental pollution or harmful lifestyle is not determined by 100% cancer formation. The malignant tumor affects everyone without exception, regardless of the statuses, places-residents and age. And it should be alert if you regularly notice some signs of this disease:

If you have no ulcer wounds for a long time;

If uniform bleeding and bleeding are manifested;

If seals are tested, foreign formations on the body;

If digestion or swallowing reflex is broken;

If you have formed one large or more new, having an unusual color shape or size of moles. Cancer may manifest itself in the already existing mole, which in turn will also change the chromaticity, form or size;

If you have been tormented by cough, sword and hoarse;

If headaches are regularly tormented;

If you have lost markedly in weight in a few months and do not have an appetite at all;

If you feel painful sensations in the bones;

If you are very quickly tired, feel weak throughout the body;

If no apparent reason you increase the temperature;

If you have become often sick;

If sweating and dizziness manifest;

If swelling persuaded in the field of lymph nodes. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe neck, armpits, inguinal areas;

If cracks and ulcers are formed on the skin, tongue, gums, heaven, and so on;

If you can not normally swallow food;

If you feel a regular feeling of gravity in the stomach, abdomen;

If there are painful sensations in the thoracic part, the cough is characterized by the presence of bloody secretions;

If you notice a sharp decay of view.

Each of the listed features should be a reason for the hiking of the hospital. And this does not mean that you put a scary diagnosis. These features can manifest themselves with other diseases that should also be treated. Since chronic diseases also provoke cancer.

According to medical workers, at least once every two years, tomography of the whole organism should be held. So you can prevent severe diseases. And not only malignant tumors.

In some cases, it is enough to pass an ultrasound or fluorography, as well as a radiograph and microscopic examination of sputum.

You should also need to know how many stages of development of cancer education:

1. The first stage is characterized by DNA damage, which is treated with ultraviolet radiation, radioactive and chemicals. For the initial stage, the uncontrolled cell division is characterized, but almost 100% of what it can be cured immediately.

2. On the second stage, these most "prolific" cells begin to form a tumor, grow. But nevertheless, the tumor in 70-80% can be cured.

3. In the third stage, cancer cells are capable of forming metastases, which are capable of spreading throughout the body by lymph and blood. Nevertheless, the tumor can still be cured in 30-35% of cases.

4. And there is almost no chance in the fourth stage. In this case, the cancer applies to everywhere - to nearby and other organs, cancer affects the entire body, tumors appear in different parts of the body.

Therefore, to identify cancer in the early stages of development should be the task of everyone!

Malignant tumors: signs, causes and methods of treatment

A terrible diagnosis of cancer is afraid to hear each. And if earlier, similar malignant processes were found only in the elderly, today such pathology often strikes young people up to 30 years of age.

Malignant tumor is cancer or not?

The formation of malignant origin is called uncontrolled reproduction and an increase in abnormal cells that contribute to the destruction of healthy tissues. Malignant formations are dangerous to overall health, and in some cases carry a threat to life, since they metastasize into remote organs and are capable of invasion into nearby tissues.

What is different from a benign tumor?

The distinctive features of the oncology of benign nature is the factor that such a tumor is in a peculiar capsule separating and protecting from the tumor located around the fabric.

The malignant nature of the tumor gives it the ability to grow into neighboring tissues, bringing severe pain and destruction, metastasium throughout the body.

Anomalous cells with ease are divided and through blood flow propagated by the body, stopping in different organs and forming a new tumor, identical to the first. Similar neoplasms and are called metastasis.

Non-free education is divided into several varieties:

Carcinoma or cancer. Diagnosed in more than 80% of cases of similar oncology. Education is formed more often in the intestine, light, dairy or prostate gland, the esophagus. A similar tumor of epithelium cells is formed. The appearance varies in accordance with the location of localization. In general, they are a node with a buggy or smooth surface, solid or soft structure;
Sarcoma. It grows from cells of muscle and bone connective tissue. It is quite rare (1% of all nuclear-quality oncologies) and can be located on the skin, in the uterus, bones, joints, in the lungs or soft tissues of the thigh, etc. This tumor is characterized by a stereon growth and metastasis. Often, even with early diagnosis and removal recurs again;
Lymphoma. Forms of lymphatic tissues. Such neoplasms lead to disorders of organic functions, since the lymphatic system designed to protect the body from infectious lesions, in the presence of a tumor, cannot perform its main tasks;
Glioma. It is formed in the brain, growing of glible nervous cells. Usually accompanied by severe headache and dizziness. In general, the manifestations of such a tumor depend on its localization in the brain;
Melanoma. It grows from melanocytes and is localized mainly on the skin cover of the face and neck, limbs. It is rare (approximately 1% of all malignant tumors), characterizing the tendency to early metastasis;
Leukemia. Grows from stem bone marrow cells. In essence, leukemia is a cancer of blood-forming cells;
Teratoma. It consists of embryonic cells, forms for the intrauterine period under the influence of pathogenic factors. Most often localized in the testicles, ovaries, brain and the sacrum;
Horicarcinoma. Developed from placental tissues. It is found only in women, mainly in the uterus, pipes, ovaries, etc.;
Malignant formations formed in children up to 5 years of age. This includes various tumors like osteosarcoma, retinoblastoma, lymphoma, nephoblastomes or neuroblastoma, nervous tumors or leukemia.

The reasons

The main predisposing factor in the formation of tumors of malignant nature is heredity. If several oncological patients are found in the family, then on accounting can put all households.

No less important is the presence of nicotine addiction. Unfortunately, even a photo of lungs affected by cancer, placed on a pack of cigarettes, does not repel the smokers from this harmful addiction. Tobacoccoing most often leads to the development of lung cancer or stomach.

In general, specialists allocate only three groups of factors predisposing to the development of cancer:

Biological - this group includes various viruses;
Chemicals - here include carcinogens and toxic substances;
Physical - represent a group of factors involving UV radiation, radiation impact, etc.

All of the above factors are external. Internal factors, experts include a genetic predisposition.

In general, the mechanism for the development of cancer is quite simple. Our cells live a certain time, after which they are programmed die, and new people come to shift. So the body is constantly updated. For example, red cells in the blood (or red blood cells) live about 125 days, and platelets are only 4 days. This is a physiological norm.

But in the presence of pathogenetic factors, various failures and obsolete cells occur instead of death begin to multiply independently, producing abnormal offspring, from which tumor education is formed.

How to determine malignant neoplasm?

To determine the malignant tumor process, it is necessary to have an idea of \u200b\u200bits symptoms. So, malignant oncology is characterized by such basic signs:

Pain. It may appear at the beginning of the tumor process or arises with its further development. Often bone pain in bone tissues, and a tendency to fractures appears;
Signs of weakness and chronic fatigue. Such symptoms arises gradually and is accompanied by a lack of appetite, hyper progress, sharp weight loss, anemia;
Frequency condition. Such a sign often talks about the systemic distribution of the cancer process. Malignant oncology affects the immune system, which begins to fight hostile cells, which is why the condition of fever appears;
If the tumor is not developing inside the body, but close to the surface, then you can detect palpable swelling or sealing;

In the photo you can see a seal on the skin, so the malignant tumor looks like basaloma

Against the background of a malignant tumor, a tendency to bleeding can develop. With a stomach cancer - this is a bloody vomiting, when the intestinal cancer - feces with blood, with the uterine cancer - bloody vaginal discharge, with prostate cancer - sperm with blood, with a bladder cancer - bleeding urine, etc.
Against the background of a malignant tumor process, there is an increase in lymph nodes, neurological symptoms appear, the patient is often subjected to different inflammations, any rashes on the skin or the jaundice, ulcers, etc.

General symptoms grow gradually, supplemented with new signs, the condition gradually deteriorates, which is associated with the toxic lesion of the body with products of tumor livelihoods.

Metastasis pathways

Malignant tumors are prone to distribution to other organs, i.e. to metastasis. Usually, the metastasis step occurs in the later stages of the tumor process. In general, metastasis is carried out 3 ways: hematogenic, lymphogenic or mixed.

The hematogenic path is the propagation of the cancer process by means of blood flow, when tumor cells fall into the vascular system and transferred to other organs. Such metastasis is characteristic of sarcoma, chorioneepitis, hypernefrom, lymphoma and blood-forming tumors;
The lymphogenic path involves metastasation of tumor cells through lymphotok on lymph nodes and further to nearby fabrics. This path of propagation of metastasis is characteristic of internal tumors like cancer of the uterus, guts, stomach, esophagus, etc.
The mixed way implies lymphogenic hematogenic metastasis. Such propagation of the tumor process is characteristic of most malignant oncologies (breast cancer, lungs, thyroid, ovarian or bronchi).

Development Stages

Diagnosis is determined not only by the type of malignant education, but also the stage of its development. There are 4 stages in total:

The stage of the stage is characterized by minor sizes of the tumor, the lack of germination of the tumor into nearby fabrics. The tumor process does not capture lymph nodes;
For the II stage of a malignant tumor process, a distinct definition of a tumor within its initial localization is characterized, although it is possible that the presence of single metastasis in the lymph nodes of the regional value;
The III stage is characterized by germinating a tumor in tissue lying around it. Metastasation in regional lymph nodes acquires multiple character;
At the IV stage, metastasis is distributed not only on lymph nodes, but also for remote authorities.

Diagnostic methods

The diagnosis of the oncology of malignant nature is to conduct the following procedures:

X-ray examination, which includes:

X-ray computed tomography;
Endoscopic examination;
Ultrasound diagnostics;
Nuclear magnetic resonance;

Radioisotope diagnostics of malignant tumors, which includes:

Thermography;
Radioimmunosocintigraphy;
Detection of tumor markers;
Study of the level of chorionic gonadotropin;
The level of cancer-embryonic antigen, etc.

Treatment

Malignant formations are treated with three methods: medicinal, radiation and surgical.

Drug therapy is to apply specialized drugs for conducting chemotherapy:

Antimetabolites like methotrexate, fluorofura, etc.;
Alkylating agents - benzotheph, cyclophosphane, etc.;
Herbal medicines like columine, etc.;
Antitumor antibiotic drugs - chrysomaline, brunomycin, etc.

2 comments

It is necessary to further say that the finally the diagnosis of "cancer" can be delivered only by the results of morphological studies - histology and immunohistochemistry. Any x-ray diagnosis only helps to diagnose and decide on the settings of the neoplasm. Although, in the ideal case, radiation diagnoses and pathological workers work together (this option is now implemented in the private direction, in the unime). And then, according to the results of morphology, a decision is made.

yes While supplies the exact diagnosis of cancer will leave the time at least 15 days while they begin treatment for another 15 days so we lose the precious time.

How to define a benign or malignant brain tumor

How to determine a malignant tumor

The malignant tumor is a neoplasm, whose cells are uncontrolled and prone to metastasis. In the initial stages, it is almost impossible to detect it on external signs. In order to reveal the disease in the early stages, when it is easier to treat, it is necessary to prevent medical examination for prevention.

How to determine a malignant tumor?

Diagnosis of malignant tumor

First of all, rent a blood test to oncomarkers. This type of diagnosis helps determine the presence in the body of malignant cells. In the event that the analysis confirmed the presence of oncomarcresses in the blood, then an additional series of studies are appointed.

Pass the diagnosis of malignant tumor with ultrasound, computer and magnetic resonance imaging, radiography and mammography. The survey method directly depends on the body to be checked. For example, a malignant breast tumor can be determined using a mammography, and malignant laryry neoplasms are detected by microlaryngoscopy or fibergoscopy. In the first example, the organ is inspected by an endoscope, in the second case, a microscope. Malignant dna tumors, the bodies of the uterus and its necks are diagnosed with the help of an endoscope. A similar method is used to test the colon for malignant education. When using all the listed methods, a tumor sample is used to detect the tumor, which is sent to the biopsy. This procedure is final, it allows you to put a final diagnosis.

Determine the presence of malignant tumors using immunomagnetic enrichment technology. At present, this is the most modern method of diagnosing such a type of disease. To do this, you must pass the blood test, in which, in the process of laboratory surveys, the number of Veridex Cellsearch is determined. A large number of cells of this type indicates a 100% probability of the presence in the body of a malignant tumor.

Later, the launched stages of the disease are determined by the palpation in self-impact or under medical examination.

I would like to note that first of all, everyone should disturb not the question: how to determine the malignant tumor? , And how to prevent its appearance. To do this, you need to maintain the normal state of the immune system. It is she recognizes and immediately destroys all the extra and alien cells.

How to determine the brain tumor?

One of the most serious diseases for today is a brain tumor. From the structure, type, location and size of the neoplasm directly depends on the outcome of the disease. Save the life of a person can only modern diagnosis.

Diagnosis of brain tumor

Any tumor can be both benign and malignant. However, the absence of cancer cells does not always mean that a person's life is not threatened. Benign neoplasms are no less dangerous than malignant, as they are able to cause violations of the vital functions of the brain and surpassed fabrics and vessels.

Headache - the main sign of the brain tumor. If it is enhanced in the morning and is accompanied by nausea or vomiting, it is worth alert. These symptoms have a majority of patients with a confirmed diagnosis, although they do not always indicate the presence of a neoplasm. In order to exclude the brain tumor, it is necessary to undergo a survey.

Sooner or later, the brain tumor begins to cause a violation of vital functions. And only from the site localization of the tumor depends on what symptoms it will appear. The frontal share tumors lead to a deterioration in memory, with a tumor in the temporal share there may be hallucinations, dark - convulsions, and the coordination of movements is disturbed during the occurrence of the occipital share.

In addition, the character may be ruined, numbness occurs in the limbs, the speech, vision and hearing are disturbed, the ability to concentrate is reduced. When you appear or a person close to you, such symptoms need to urgently consult a doctor.

But do not forget that the identification of symptoms is only the first stage of diagnosis. Further under the supervision of the doctor will be carried out a full examination. First of all, consult your neuropathologist, which will give an objective assessment to your state and will give further recommendations.

Also write to the oculist on the reception. When viewing the eye bottom, it is often possible to identify deviations indicating the neoplasm.

Another reliable way to determine the brain tumor is magnetically resonant or computer diagnostics. They allow you to put the final diagnosis and say whether there is a neoplasm. In order to obtain the highest possible result, it may be necessary to introduce a contrast agent into the body. The diagnosis can be found after half an hour of examination.

Forecast for patients with benign and malignant brain tumor

Brain tumors are a group of diseases encountered in 20 people of annulations. All tumors of the central nervous system are divided into benign brain tumors and malignant. However, the course of the process caused by both benign, and malignant neoplasms, heavy.

Etiology of any tumors are unknown. There are only various assumptions why this disease can develop. In most cases, neoplasms arise spontaneously, without any connection with environmental factors or the condition of the body. In some cases, hereditary relationship is traced, but there is no reliable confirmation of this fact.

Classification of types of brain tumors

Brain tumors. There are in 90% of cases.
Tumors of the spinal cord. The frequency of their diagnosis is 10%.

In relation to the brain:

Intraindose. Take its origin from the cells of the brain substance.
Momorn. May develop from brain shells, bone structures of the skull, cranial brain nerves.

In relation to the spinal cord:

Intramedullary - located in the substance of the spinal cord.
Extramedullary - located outside the spinal cord in the spinal canal.

Benign brain tumors do not have direct destructive effects on the brain substance and on the body as a whole. But the peculiarities of the physiology and the head, and the spinal cord are such that they are in a closed space formed by the bones of the skull and spine, respectively. Therefore, even a benign head tumor causes a brain compression, the death of its cells, the development of the corresponding symptoms, up to death.

A malignant brain tumor, in addition to squeezing, has a toxic effect on the brain and human body. Destroys neurons, sprouting in them. Metaches into other organs and tissues, forming secondary foci.

Features of the clinical picture under different types of tumors

All symptoms are divided into three groups:

Common symptoms.
Local symptoms.
Symptoms at distance.

The first group includes signs caused by the development of impregnation hypertension due to an increase in tissue volume (this process is called "plus fabric"):

Specific headache - enhanced in the morning clock, is characterized by the character, which is driving. Patients celebrate the feeling of "heavy heads".
Nausea of \u200b\u200bvarying degrees of severity, up to vomiting.
In severe cases, the oppression of consciousness is observed.

The symptoms of the second group - depend on the location of the tumor localization, are caused by the compression or destruction of the brain substance. The third group includes signs caused by the dislocation of cerebral structures when a large-sized tumor is reached. External manifestations will be observed not at the localization site of the neoplasm, but in the shift location of the brain.

Clinical symptoms of malignant brain tumor depending on its localization:

Frontal share. The defeat of this department leads to personal violations, change in behavior, the absence of an adequate critical perception of its condition. Speech and motor disorders may develop.
Temple share. When localizing the process in this area, "paroxysms of sensations" can develop. There are hallucinations of various nature - taste, visual, auditory, emotional. With extensive lesion, motor disorders are observed, violation of speech. Hearing, memory, letters.
Dark share. Since this area is responsible for all types of sensitivity and sensation of body position in space, sensitivity disorders will be observed. Sudden bouts of pain, heat or chills, a feeling of "cotton limbs" may occur. Coordination and equilibrium is disturbed.
Calcular proportion. There is a violation of vision by the type of visual fields, flickering of flies, changes in color.
Stomble brain. When they were defeated, intracranial hypertension is developing rapidly with the advent of general-selling symptoms.
Turkish saddle. Since here is the pituitary, which is responsible for the endocrine balance of the organism, various hormonal disorders develop with the defeat of this area.
Spinal cord. In this case, symptoms arises due to irritation of nerve roots - pain syndrome, depending on the localization of the pathological process.

Interesting! Signs of violation of the function of the roots are the lack of sensitivity in the area innervated by the affected segment. A benign tumor of the spinal cord causes its compression and violation of the functions of the organs below the compression location.

Methods of diagnosis and methods of treatment of tumors

The diagnosis is made on the basis of these comprehensive surveys of the patient. Anamnesis of the disease and the characteristics of the clinical picture have important importance. To clarify the localization and extensity of the lesion, visualization methods are used. Laboratory diagnostics does not matter of the diagnosis and is used only to detect secondary pathologies caused by a tumor.

MRI with contrast. The most optimal method gives the most informative result. Allows you to clarify the localization of the tumor, its relation to the functional areas of the brain, the degree of damage to the brainstant.
According to the testimony, angiography, craniography, the study of electrical activity of the brain are used.

Removing a benign tumor - a surgical treatment is used, allowing for nothing to eliminate the disease manifestations. The only difficulty may be the location of the tumor in places, the operational intervention in which can lead to damage to the nerve or vessel.

Removal of malignant tumor is more complex technically, since it requires resection not only visually damaged tissue, but also externally healthy tissue around the tumor. This reception is called ablasty, and is aimed at maximum removal of tumor cells for prophylaxis relapses.

Forecast for life

The course of malignant neoplasm is always heavier, and the chances of recovery are low. This is due to the double action of the tumor - the local compression of the brain substance and the development of intoxication syndrome affecting the entire body. A benign brain tumor - the forecast in this case is more favorable. Surgical treatment allows you to completely get rid of the disease.

Cyber \u200b\u200bClinic Spojzhenko

Diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Cyber \u200b\u200bCenter Knife, Radioshurgery,

radiation therapy, CT

and MRI research

Urology, reproductive health

Department of Radiology, Department of Neurosurgery

CSD Health Sare.

How to distinguish a benign tumor from malignant

Cancer cells - violators of all the rules of cellular division. One-only atypical cell among millions of decent fellows can lead to the development of cancer

The sequence of processes occurring in the body that lead to cancer is complex and changeable. The combination of genetic factors, environmental influences and lifestyle can turn the normal cell into pathological.

What is the mechanism of tumor appearance?

Our body is a unique system that supports the balance between new and old cells. Our body consists of countless cells. They differ in structure and functions. However, regardless of whether the cell is this heart or blood, it matures from their earlier predecessors. All cells are programmed to die on time. Their death is carefully controlled by all organism. The death of the cell is called apoptosis.

Division, maturation and apoptosis - mandatory conditions of cell life. The accumulation of tumor cells occurs for several reasons: due to uncontrolled division, due to the impossibility of cells to mature and turn into its highly professional descendants (just remain at the stage of development), it is impossible to die on time.

Tumors are clones. Tumor cells occur from one and recreate copies of the source cell. Gene damage leads to a violation of division, ripening and programmed death. When the body protection system does not work, the damaged cell survives and forms many clones.

Cancer cells not only violate division rules, but also do not respond to all sorts of stop signals coming from our body. For example, the growth of breast cancer cells occurs without estrogen, which is a normal growth condition. Most cells can be reported that they are sick with other cells, but cancer ignoring this signal, continue to multiply.

Tumors - the phenomenon is so diverse that it is sometimes difficult to classify them and divide into groups. The causes of the occurrence, the growth mechanism, the location and propagation determine the type of tumor. In this regard, the tumors are divided into benign and malignant.

What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Benign doctors include neoplasms that do not bear a big threat and having a favorable forecast for life. Such tumors are slowly growing, they have no ability to recurrences and metastasis, they do not germinate into neighboring fabrics and organs. Often, benign tumors stop their growth and begin development in the opposite direction.

However, all this does not mean that such tumors are harmless. For example, a benign tumor of the inner secretion gland is able to cause hormonal balance failures, and in the small intestine at large sizes - to compress intestinal loops, causing intestinal obstruction.

Malignant tumors, which can be seen from the very name, is extremely dangerous for the body. It is characterized by rapid growth, the ability to spread through the body, giving metastases, and also grow into neighboring fabrics and organs. A malignant tumor can completely output organic human organism and vital systems from the normal functioning.

A malignant tumor does not always have a clear difference from benign. In this regard, separate groups of neoplasms are allocated: plast rail and potentially malignant. The first possess all the features of malignant, except metastasis (basal cell leather cancer, desmoid fibroma). Potentially malignant tumors look outwardly reminiscent of benign, but they can metastasize (carcinoid, giant bone tumor).

How to determine a cancer tumor?

Unfortunately, none of us is insured against the appearance of a malignant tumor. But if you recognize cancer at the initial stage, you can successfully recover from the disease. Next, we will tell about the symptoms of this disease - if you find any of them or your loved ones, you will need to check with a good doctor. The diagnosis of cancer should be carried out by a professional doctor who will prescribe competent treatment.

Symptoms of cancerous disease

The following general features of cancer are distinguished: tumor, cough, hoarseness and shortness of breath, bleeding, unprecedented weight loss, negative changes in the work of the digestive tract and moles. Consider each of them a little more.

Small tumors and body seals are often harmless, but not always. If you notice an abnormal seal on any part of the body, it is better to see a doctor just in case. For example, breast cancer is diagnosed just by the formation of cones and seals in the mammary gland. Each woman is periodically recommended to feel their breasts to check its condition. In case of detection of abnormal seals, it is necessary to contact a mammologist.
If a person develops cancer in the lungs, he will suffer from cough, hoarseness and shortness of breath. These same signs may indicate inflammation and infections, but the doctor in any case should appear. It is especially important to pay attention to these symptoms if shortness of breath and cough do not pass within two weeks. Also pay attention to the blood in sputum.
Wasting may indicate a larynx cancer.
Any bleeding without a visible reason will indicate a violation of the work of the internal organs, including cancer.
It is important to draw attention to changes in the operation of the digestive tract, if they are not caused by excitement, change in the mode and diet, drug intake. The presence of cancer may indicate the frequent appearance of constipation or diarrhea without visible causes, pain in the abdomen and intestines. The feeling of incomplete cleansing of the intestines after the chair may also indicate the development of the disease.
Weight loss without objective causes can also indicate the development of the disease. If over the past few months you have been seriously lost in weight, while they did not experience strong stress, did not observe the diet and did not engage in active physical training, it is necessary to see the doctor.
Pay attention to your moles. One of the types of cancer is melanoma - it can form on the already existing mole or appear as a new big one. You need to contact a specialist with the following features:
- Asymmetric moles with uneven edges (ordinary symmetric and smooth);
- Non-standard color (ordinary mole - brown, melanoma can have an admixture of black, red, pink, bluish and white);
- Big moles (melanoma in the amount of more than 7 mm);
- If the mole is covered with a crust, zudit and bleeding.

If strange spots appeared on the skin, which do not pass for a long time, be sure to consult a doctor. In no case can you remove moles yourself, as well as damage them - it can lead to the development of the tumor! If you have big and bulging moles, try not to touch them, and if it happened and bleeding, be sure to see the doctor. Any mole of neakkurat handling can lead to the development of the disease. Especially large is recommended to remove the specialist - it is quick and safe.

If you have manifested yourself any of the above symptoms, do not pull with a hike to a specialist. The doctor will appreciate the state of your health and, if necessary, send to procedures and surveys, after which appropriate treatment will be prescribed. If you are suspected of cancer you will be directed to tomography, biopsy and advise a profile doctor.

People who are in the risk group

Those who are subject to long and harmful effects. This includes contact with carcinogenic substances, toxic dyes and radiation radiation. Smokers are also in the risk group.
Hereditary predisposition to cancer. In this sense, some types of cancer can be distinguished, for example, genital cancer or intestines. If your blood relatives suffered from such diseases, then the probability of the disease is above several times. If at least two or three relatives sick cancer, you should consult on the oncologist genetics.
Those who are sick of pre-sacrifices or has chronic injuries or inflammation. Prerostachable are those diseases that can lead to cancer. These include mastopathy, intestinal polyposis, liver cirrhosis.

Those who are included in the risk group, you need once or two a year to be examined in a specialized clinic.

The tumor is called a pathological formation arising from violation of the mechanisms of dividing and cell growth. As a result, its structure is uncontrollable, unusual functions are purchased. The main signs for which the neoplasms are classified is the rate of growth and development. They are divided into such types: benign and malignant tumors. A benign tumor can occur in different parts of the body, is characterized by slow growth. The most famous ways of struggle: removal, drug or radiation therapy, chemotherapy. In addition, the patient is assigned a diet aimed at changing the power structure.

The symptoms that man should alert are non-healing ulcers, nodes in the field of testicles and nipples, seals under and on the surface of the skin. Sometimes the course of the disease occurs in such a way that there are no signs for a long time, nonspecific symptoms may appear.

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Types of tumor

Benign and malignant tumors externally may be similar to each other, especially at an early stage, although it is possible to identify fundamental differences. The difference between a benign tumor from dangerous malignant lies in the fact that for the first characteristic lack of recurrence, slow growth.

A benign tumor is capable of not only to stop, but also decrease independently. But they can bring a great harm to the body. For example, the presence of a middle ear tumor is often accompanied by damage to the structure of the organs located nearby.

Different types of tumors can develop from all tissues and are located on various areas of skin, muscles, organs. The most common types of benign tumors are: Mioma, Lipoma (fat), Nevnoma, Fibre.

The malignant tumor is characterized by rapid growth, the appearance of metastases, germination into the fabrics located nearby. At the same time, the symptoms of the disease may not appear for a long time.

Types of malignant tumors: clamping and driving. The formation of the first form is expanding, squeezing healthy cells by a group of patients, with further penetration through the hematic of a healthy cell. Running, it reaches the vessel, germinates into it. Pieces of patient fabric are cut off and spread through the body. Attaching the walls elsewhere, they provoke the appearance of metastases. Due to the separating growth, the patient cell penetrates through the walls of healthy, hitting it. Further, the disease is developing, as with a clamping tumor.

Take a malignant tumor to one or another look. Therefore, they allocate a separate group - potentially malignant tumors (externally, they are similar to benign, but can give metastases) and local-destructives (have signs of malignant, but do not metastasize).

Sometimes the growth of tumors stops, the dying or disintegration of the tumor begins. The body begins to get rid of unnecessary formations and displays them. The decay may begin after chemotherapy or due to the necrosis of individual parts, due to too fast growth and lack of food. In this case, the decay is accompanied by the fitting, bleeding into intoxication of the body. Symptoms indicating the collapse: a septic temperature to which antibiotics do not act. Wrong decay may be hungry.

The method of struggle is chosen depending on the stage of development, location. The most effective are chemotherapy, radiation therapy, removal.

Causes of the disease

The occurrence of tumors is associated with a violation of cellular exchange due to chemical, physical or biological impact. The same factors can give an impetus to rebirth tumors in malignant. The healthy cell passes the development cycle for 42 days. Then she dies off and output. To change, she appears a new one that passes the same way. If the cycle is violated, the old cell does not die, but continues its height. This leads to a benign tumor.

It is worth remembering that benign tumors in children often occur in the form of angioma or lymphangioma. They can manifest themselves from birth. The size varies from the point to half the skin surface. Benign formations in different areas of the skin are slowly developing, they do not give metastases, they do not penetrate, but as if spread out the tissues. The diagnosis of skin neoplasms on one side is simple, as they have pronounced signs. It is harder to determine: malignant or not.

The skin tumors are distinguished: pigment, epithelial and connecting tissues. Among them are the most popular are non-neuromes, melanomas, papillomas, etc. Papillomas are a thigh of a small size, can be located on any skin area. There are grayish or dark brown, located above the skin surface. Melanoma can develop from pigment skin cells. Necess (Mountain) is a neoplasm from cells responsible for skin color. Most of them are safe, but some may be reborn in melanoma under certain circumstances. In the early detection of the skin tumor, it is well influenced.

Diseases of ear

The occurrence of the ear tumor is manifested by a decrease in hearing, discharge and occurs due to injury, chronic inflammation, radioactive impact. Get rid of ear tumors surgically. Ear tumor occurs at any age, regardless of gender. The ear tumor is more common in the area of \u200b\u200bthe ears, in the structures of the middle ear it is less common.

Middle ear tumors are malignant (flat-belling cancer, melanoma, etc.) and benign (glomaven tumor). The symptoms that the person develops a glomble tumor: the appearance of a blowing noise, one-sided hearing loss can develop over time. Glomus tumor is a vascular interlacing with the inclusions of glomble cells. Grinding in the drum cavity, the glomble tumor protrudes the eardrum, sprouting into the outer hearing pass. Such a disease of the middle ear is predisposed to rapid growth leading to the destruction of the eardrum.

Glomus tumor at the initial stages of the middle ear disease is sufficiently diagnosed. It may indicate signs of vestibular dysfunction. Treatment is carried out surgical (removal) and using physiotherapy methods (laser evaporation, diathermocoagulation). Glomus tumor represents a serious threat to the patient's life, relapses are possible.

The cause of the development of medium ear cancer can be ionizing irradiation, insolation, chronic purulent infection, thermal burns. A feature is the active distribution to other organs: the bone facial channel, a solid cerebral shell, an internal carotid artery. The defeat can manifest itself in paralysis of the facial nerve.

The tumor of the middle ear can be primary or appear due to germination from nearby fabrics. The duration of the primary stage is up to several years. Signs of damage to the middle ear: impairment of hearing (feeling of congestion), neurological symptoms, severe pain.

The clinical course is similar to the manifestations of purulent chronic otitis. The medium ear cancer is diagnosed on the basis of these histological analyzes of tissue particles, x-ray examination, a otoscopic picture.

The cancer of the middle ear in the early stages is treated with a combined: surgical and radiation method. At the late stage, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are used. The prevention of disease disease is a periodic inspection. The risk zone of the occurrence of ear cancer is the presence of scars after various injuries, papillomas, chronic laryngitis.

Symptoms of the disease

Each form of illness is inherent in their symptoms. At the initial stage, such signs are such signs as weakness, a decrease in appetite, the general deterioration of well-being. Strong pains at the very beginning may be absent. The doctor diagnoses the disease when examining the patient, prescribes special analyzes and research. The symptoms of a malignant tumor may be accompanied by severe pain, a sharp deterioration in the state, especially in the later stages. If the decay of education occurs, there may be bleeding and temperature. In the affected areas of the skin appear ulcers.

Most simple to define the neoplasm that appeared precisely on the outer areas of the skin. They are determined by visual or palpation, are available for research. Laser, surgical, radiation treatment is used to treat skin cancer. It is much more difficult to diagnose the presence of a tumor on internal organs at an early stage. Special methods will be helped here: morphological, immunological, radiological, isotopic, endoscopic.

Treatment of benign tumor

The study of the features of the tumor allows you to choose a method of treatment. The main method used in benign neoplasms is a surgical intervention, which can be carried out in conjunction with hormone therapy. Removal is made not in parts, but entirely with a capsule (if it is) within a healthy tissue. Treatment of benign tumors by removal is most effectively and practically without consequences. Related neoplasm is necessarily subjected to a study that must determine the malignancy of the tumor.

Treatment of malignant tumor

In this case, the task is much more complicated. Main ways of struggle: surgical removal, radiation therapy, chemotherapy.

Radiation therapy of malignant tumors is based on cell sensitivity to ionizing radiation. The disadvantage of it is considered extensive damage to healthy skin and duration.

One of the modern methods of combating neoplasms is chemotherapy. Special preparations are introduced into the body, which are cellular poisons or toxins of the strongest action. Due to their action, the development of cancer cells is slowed down or they are irreversibly damaged. For diseases of different stages, there are their chemotherapy schemes. The doctor defines the order of admission and combination of funds, dose.

The use of chemotherapy has a negative effect on the bone marrow substance, hair bulbs, skin cells. Therefore, patients are very hard to transfer the course. Minimize the side effect of chemotherapy tools allows the creation of means of aimed action.

When chemotherapy courses pass, special attention should be paid to meals. Mandatory is a diet based on the use of freshly prepared food, restriction of fermented milk and dairy products, cabbage and potatoes in raw form, alcoholic beverages. A balanced diet contributes to recovery, which allows you to saturate the body with all the necessary elements and vitamins.

Chemotherapy is used both before and after operational intervention. It is assigned to the operation: to stop the growth and distribution of the neoplasm, reduce its size, do not let these metastases. Application after the operation is aimed at the destruction of residues that were not removed by the surgeon. The severity of the illness and types of formations affect the duration and frequency of chemotherapy. The procedure for introducing chemotherapy tools is carried out with a dropper, or when taking tablets. The appearance of pronounced side reactions of the body during chemotherapy, unfortunately, the phenomenon is normal. Most often, chemotherapy is accompanied by baldness, nausea, vomiting, decreasing red blood cells in the patient's blood, deterioration of the general condition. In addition, the disease itself, and the need to undergo a course of chemotherapy have a strong impact on the psychological state of the patient.

Definition of a tumor

The tumor (other names: neoplasm, neoplasmism, blastoma) is a pathological education, independently developing in organs and tissues, differing in autonomous growth, polymorphism and atiypics of cells.

The tumor is a pathological formation, independently developing in organs and tissues, differing in independent growth, variety and unusual cells.

Properties of tumors:

1. autonomy(independence from the body): The tumor occurs when 1 or several cells come out from under the control of the body and begin to accelerately share. At the same time, neither the nervous nor endocrine (gland internal secretion) nor the immune system (leukocytes) can not cope with them. The process of cell outlet due to control of the body is called " tumor transformation».

2. polymorphism(variety) cells: in the structure of the tumor can be solumed in the structure of the cell.

3. atipia(Favorusity) Cells: Tumor cells differ in appearance from the cells of the tissue in which the tumor developed. If the tumor grows quickly, it mainly consists of non-specialized cells (sometimes with very fast growth it is even not possible to determine the tumor growth source tumor). If slowly, its cells become similar to normal and can perform part of their functions.

Modern views on the occurrence of tumors

For the occurrence of tumors, it is necessary:

Internal reasons:

1. Genetic predisposition

2. A certain state of the immune system.

External factors (they are called carcinogens, from Lat. Cancer - Cancer):

1. Mechanical carcinogens: Frequent traumatization of tissues with subsequent regeneration (recovery).
2. physical carcinogens: ionizing irradiation (leukemia, bone tumors, thyroid gland), ultraviolet irradiation (skin cancer). Data is published that every solar skin burn significantly increases the risk of developing a very malignant tumor - melanoma in the future.
3. chemical carcinogens: Impact of chemicals on the whole organism or only in a certain place. Oncogenic properties have benzapine, benzidine, tobacco smoke components and many other substances. Examples: Lung cancer at smoking, mesothelioma pleura when working with asbestos.
4. biological carcinogens: Besides already mentioned viruses, bacteria have carcinogenic properties: for example, long-term inflammation and ulceration of the gastric mucosa due to Helicobacter Pylori infection can end with malignation.

Names of benign tumors

All tumors are divided into benign and malignant.

* Fibroma- a benign tumor of connective tissue.
* Lipoma- a benign tumor of adipose tissue.
* Adenoma- a benign tumor of iron fabric.
* Myoma- a benign muscle tissue tumor. If it is a cross-striped muscle tissue (for example, the muscles of the hands and legs), then a benign tumor called rabdomioma. If the smooth muscles (in the walls of the arteries, intestines) is a tumor called Leiomioma.

If there is a combination of cells of different tissues in a benign tumor, then the names are sounded accordingly: fibromyoma, fibroadoma, fibrolipoma, etc.

Differences of benign and malignant tumors

Atipia (unusual) and polymorphism (diversity) of cells.

Cells benign tumor Looks like the structure and functions on the cells of normal tissues of the body. Differences from healthy cells are minimal, although they are. The degree of cell development is called differentiation. Cells of benign tumors are highly differentiated.

Cells malignant tumors Significantly differ in the structure and functions from normal, being medium or low-differentiated. Sometimes the changes are so big that under the microscope is difficult or even impossible to figure out, from which tissue or body a tumor developed (such cells are called undifferentiated). Undifferentiated cells are very often divided, so in appearance do not have time to turn into ordinary. Externally, they are similar to stem cells. Stem cells are normal (maternal) cells, of which, by passing several stages of division, conventional cells develop.

The cells of the malignant tumor always look ugly and diverse.

To identify undifferentiated cells, if necessary, use biochemical, cytogenetic methods for determining the type of fabric.

Character of growth

Benign tumors have expansive growth: the tumor slowly increases and spreads the surrounding tissues and organs.

The growth of malignant tumors is called infiltrating: the tumor grows quickly and at the same time permeates (infiltrate) surrounding tissues, sprout into blood vessels and nerves. Actions and type of tumor at autopsy are similar to cancer claws, hence the name "Cancer" occurred.
So, benign tumors in their growth spread out healthy fabrics, and the malignant - they spare them.

Metastasis

Metastases are foci of tumor discrade, metastasis - the process of formation of metastases. As a result of the growth of the tumor, its individual cells can be broken, fall into blood, lymph and transferred to other fabrics. There they cause an increase in secondary (subsidiary) tumors. According to the metastase structure, they usually do not differ from the parent tumor.

Methtasize only malignant tumors. Benign tumors of metastases do not give.

Main paths metastasis

Lymphogenic(with lymph in lymphatic vessels). The most common way. Lymph nodes are a barrier for everything alien organism: infections, tumor (modified) cells, foreign particles. Finding into local (regional) lymph nodes, most tumor cells are delayed there and gradually destroyed by macrophages (this is a type of leukocytes). If there are a lot of cells, lymph nodes do not cope. The malignant tumor germinates to the surrounding fabrics. Lymphatic vessels are clogged with tumor cells by conglomerates. Some metastases have their own names according to the author who described them. For example, Metastasis Virchova - in lymph nodes over the left clavicle with a stomach cancer.

Hematogenic(with blood). Tumor cells fall into capillaries and veins. Each tumor has a "tendency" to be distributed in one way or another, but there are tumors for which "all means are good." For example, malignant bone tumors (bone sarcoma) are often metastasized into the lungs; Intestinal cancer - in the liver.

Implantation(by serous shell). Malignant tumors can exist all the walls of the organ and get into the abdominal or thoracic cavity, which are from the inside are seeded by a serous shell. In the serous unit, the tumor cells can migrate (navigate). For example, there is an implantation metastase in Douglasovo space (between the rectum and the uterus in women) during the gastric cancer.

Recurring

The recurrence of the tumor is the re-development of the tumor in the same body area after its complete removal or destruction. Recur into only malignant tumors and those benign tumors that have a "leg" (base). Even if the surgeon completely removed a malignant tumor, there are separate tumor cells in the operation area, capable of repeating the neoplasm.

If the tumor was not completely removed, its re-growth is not considered a relapse. This is a manifestation of the progression of the pathological process.

Overall influence on the patient

Benign tumors appear locally: cause inconvenience, squeeze nerves, vessels and surrounding organs. From benign tumors dying in exceptional cases:

Slow brain compression with vital centers
Endocrine organ tumors are hazardous: for example, a feuhromocytoma (a benign tumor from the brain layer of the adrenal glands) is found in 1 of 250 patients with arterial hypertension. It produces and sometimes throws adrenaline and norepinephrine into the blood, which causes a sharp increase in blood pressure, heartbeat, sweating, headache. Particularly dangerous is a feuhromocytoma for the guinea and fetus (for reference: pregnant during childbirth before the birth of the fetus is called the guinea, after birth - the pity)
Malignant tumors cause cancer intoxication(intoxication - poisoning, from the word toxin - poison), up to cancer cachexia (cachexia - exhaustion). What is it connected with?
Cells of malignant neoplasms are rapidly divided and grow, they consume many nutrients (glucose, amino acids). Naturally, normal tissues are not enough. The patient feels weakness, lethargy, malaise, he is losing weight.

* In addition, with the rapid growth of the tumor, the blood vessels in it do not have time to form in the desired quantity. Therefore, due to lack of oxygen, the center of the tumor dies (this is called necrosis, or death).

Cell decay products are absorbed into blood and poison the body (cancer intoxication), the loss of appetite, interest in life, the patient becomes pale.
Cachexia is of different origin (tumor, intestinal disease, etc.)
In addition, any (!) Damage and death (necrosis) cells causes an inflammatory response. Around the place of necrosis develops inflammation. Because of this, heavy cancer patients may increase the temperature. On the other hand, the treatment carried out inhibits the immune system, which is why cancer is more susceptible to different infections.

Tumors and pain syndrome

Because of what some cancer patients have strongest pains that are removed only by drugs?

The germination and destruction of the tumor of other tissues and organs, small nerves and large nerve trunks.
Combination of surrounding tissues, which causes in them ischemia (lack of oxygen) and pain.
Necrosis (death) in the center of the tumor causes strongest pain. According to his mechanism, these pains are similar to pain in myocardial infarction, which will also be stopped (removed) by drugs.

Types of malignant tumors

All malignant tumors are divided into groups depending on the type of fabric, from which they originated:

cancer (carcinoma) - malignant tumor from epithelial tissue. If the cells are highly differentiated (less malignant), the name clarify the type of fabric: follicular cancer, flat-mellular orinal cancer, adenocarcinoma, etc.

If the tumor has low-differentiated cells, then the cells are called in their form: fine-cell cancer, pistened-shaped cancer, etc.

Leukemia (leukemia, hemoblastosis) is a tumor from a hematopoietic fabric that develops throughout the bloodstream. Leukemia are sharp and chronic. If the tumor of the hematopoietic tissue is localized only in a certain part of the body, it is called lymphoma.

The lower the differentiation of the cells, the faster the tumor grows and the earlier it gives metastases.

sarcoma- malignant tumor from connective tissue, with the exception of blood and hematopoietic fabric. For example, lipoma is a benign tumor of adipose tissue, and a liposarcoma is a malignant tumor from the same tissue. Similarly: Mioma and Miosarcoma, etc.

Now the international classification of TNM and the clinical classification of malignant tumors are generally accepted.

Clinical classification of tumors

Here, all the parameters of the malignant neoplasm (the size of the primary tumor, the presence of regional and remote metastases, germination to the surrounding organs) is considered in aggregate.

4 stages of cancer are distinguished:

* 1st stage: A tumor is small, takes a limited area, does not germinate the wall of the organ, there are no metastases.
* 2nd stage: The tumor of large sizes does not apply beyond the limits of the organ, single metastases are possible into regional lymph nodes.
* 3rd stage: A tumor of large sizes, with a decay, sprouts the entire wall of the organ or a tumor of smaller dimensions with multiple metastases into regional lymph nodes.
* 4th stage: germination of the tumor in the surrounding tissues, including failure (aorta, hollow vein, etc.) or any tumor with remote metastases.

The ability to cure a malignant tumor depends on the stage, because it is so important

The formation of tumors in the human body is possible at any age. Causes of this set. What is a tumor, where they come from and how to deal with them, it is not known to the end to the end. However, there is an understanding that tumors are benign and malignant. They detect different consequences and symptoms, treatment methods also differ from each other.

The tumor is the process of change in tissues in which the amount of cells increases with rapid speed. Tumors are divided into two groups - benign and malignant.

The tumor is benign - neoplasm, the cause becomes a failure in the process of cell division. The specified tumor is characterized by a slow growth. It is well treated with the method of surgical removal and in most cases does not lead to relapse. Does not apply to the organs located nearby, does not metastasis.

Benign education may occur in any organ. The medicine uses division of diseases to a series of species:

Adenoma, or iron tumor. It is formed in organs having a glandular fabric. For example, in the mucous membrane of the uterus and in the rectum, lactic or thyroid gland, etc.
Atheroma. Localization of such a tumor is possible in any area of \u200b\u200bthe body, where the hair (head, the scope of the groin, the lower part of the face and neck, back) is growing. The reason is the clogging of the duct of sebaceous glands.
Cyst. Anomalous cavity formed in organs or tissues. Inside probably the presence of fluid.
Lymphangioma. Education from lymphatic vessels. More often develops in the womb. Localization anywhere. Usually the neck is affected, subcutaneous tissue. There are cases of occurrence in the liver and kidneys, but rarely.
Lipoma, or fat. The neoplasm in subcutaneous connecting tissues is likely to spread deeper. It is often localized in the area of \u200b\u200bthe shoulders and the outer part of the hip, where the adipose tissue is relatively small.

Meningioma. Tissue tumor surrounding the brain. Localization areas: at the base of the brain, above it between the hemispheres.
Myoma. Neof formation whose cells grow from immature muscle tissue.
Neuroma. It is formed from nerve cells. The reason is more often traumatic, i.e. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe scar there is a nerve seal.
Papilloma. Education on the mucosa surface either over the skin caused by papillomavirus. Visually possesses the form of a papilla that opens over the affected surface.
Osteoma. Tumor formed in bone tissues.
Fibroma. Tilt of connecting cells. As a rule, he repeats over the skin and has a light pink shade.

A malignant tumor, or cancer, is characterized by uncontrolled cell division and represents the threat of human life. Malignant cells are easily disconnected from the tumor and on the blood vessels are distributed throughout the body. If a new education appears in the authority. So there is metastasis. In addition, cancer cells are able to destroy and located near the fabric. After completion of therapy, a malignant tumor may appear again, i.e. recur.

Cancer neoplasms are taken into groups depending on cells, of which they are formed. Examples:

Glioma. Malignant formation of the central nervous system. Amazes the cells of the spine and brain.
Carcinoma. Actually cancer, develops from tissues of any organs, as well as mucous and skin cover.
Leukemia, or leukemia. Oncology, affecting the cells of the hematopoietic system.

Lymphoma. Cancer disease of the lymphosystem tissue.
Melanoma. Malignant neoplasm on the skin, originating from pigment spots, mainly in places where the synthesis of the pigment of melanin is concentrated.
Sarcoma. It is rare. It is formed from the cells of soft or bone tissues. Soft fabrics include tendons, muscles and fats.
Teratoma. The primary genital cells amazes, as a result, the ovarian tumor is formed in women or testicles in men.

Symptoms of tumor diseases

Benign neoplasms in the first stages of growth are manifested in the form of general weakness and reduced appetite. As the disease develops, more "deep" symptoms are added:

pain;
bleeding;
increased body temperature;
sharp weight loss;
feeling of internal pressure on the organs;
nausea.

When neoplasms appear on the skin or on a plot, affordable palpration, the presence is easy to determine when inspection.

It is no secret that benign tumors are able to reborn into malignant. This process was called malignization.

The proceeding process usually passes when the disease is running, then more serious and painful symptoms are already possible:

Strange allocations or bleeding. The presence of blood in saliva, fenced or urinary masses, bloody uterine discharge and others talk about the possibility of developing cancer of certain organs.
Disorders of the intestine or bladder.
The appearance of cones or seals in different parts of the body.
Education on skin cover. For example, ulcers, the appearance of warts, the change in moles and the birthplace of spots.
Changes related to the state of the throat. For example, a permanent cough, wheezing in a voice, unpleasant or pain during swallowing.

The listed symptoms may be the cause of oncology, but the mass of other diseases is not excluded. Therefore, with any changes in health, it is necessary to consult a doctor and pass the survey. Perhaps you will need to pass tests for the presence of cancer cells.

Signs that distinguish a benign tumor from malignant

Benign formation differs from malignant tumor development process and rehabilitation period, namely:

Growth rate. Benign cells grow much slower than cancer. However, as in any statistics, exceptions are possible. Selected "bad" education also increase extremely slowly.
Stickiness. In benign neoplasms, cells adhere to each other by producing sticky chemicals. Malignant cells such substances are not isolated, therefore the tumor is more fragile, as a result, part of the cells can fall off and with blood flow to spread through the body. As a result, there is an increase in metastases.
The ability to hit nearby organs. Benign cells in the process of growth are displaced by nearby organs and tissues, but do not penetrate them. While cancer cells have such ability.
Treatment methods. Cancer treatment is often associated with radiation and chemotherapy preceding surgical removal. And the treatment of benign tumors allows you to immediately operate.
Recurry. Repetition of malignant formations is common. And at the same time appears in another organism. The benign relapses are extremely rare, but if this happens, the new defeat appears in the same place or very close.
Mortality. Unlike benign, "bad" tumor is distinguished by a large percentage of mortality and exceeds it in tens of times.

Community between cancer and benign diseases

Despite the greater difference between phenomena, there are general signs:

And "bad", and "good" education is capable of rapid growth.
Both varieties of tumors are dangerous to life. Malignant always carries this threat, and benign, when it appears and grows in a close space, for example, in the head, producing pressure and applying irreparable damage by adjacent tissues and structures.
The probability of repetition of the disease. In both cases, there is probably the emergence of a relapse associated with the damaged cells left after removal.

Etiology

Benign formations in the body will fail at the cellular level. The cell in a healthy body lives within 42 hours. At this time it appears, grows and dies. Instead, it appears a new, passing the same path. If for some reason the cell does not die, and continues to grow, then the tumor is formed in this place. These reasons include:

Harmful effects of UFL, poisonous vapor and radiation emissions.
Excessive use of harmful food and beverages: alcohol, carbonated drinks, fast food products and semi-finished products.
Failures in mode: sleep disorders, overwork.
Use of narcotic substances and tobacco products.
Disorders of hormonal background and imminent immunity.
Mechanical damage: bruises, stretching, dislocations and fractures.

Malignant neoplasms are developing independently or when reborn benign tumors. Scientists have proven that up to 80% of cases of oncology depend on the influence of external factors:

Influence of carcinogens of chemical or physical origin. Chemicals affect the body, falling with harmful food or at the moment of inhalation of dangerous vapors, for example, in cases of work in harmful production. Physical carcinogens The body receives under the action of radiation: ionizing or UV rays.
Genetics. Scientists associate a tendency to form oncological diseases with heredity. For example, near close relatives cancer - the probability of the disease among representatives of the next generation increases three times.
Onkovirus. A number of viruses, together with other physical factors, provoke the development of malignant neoplasms.

Stages of growth of benign cells

In medicine, three stages of development of benign neoplasms are determined:

Initiation. At this stage, the detection of the disease occurs extremely rarely, because Changes occur at the DNA level and do not entail deterioration of well-being or other symptoms. The process of mutation affects two genes, one of which is responsible for the life expectancy of the cell, and the second for its reproduction. With mutation of one of the genes, a benign education is formed.
Promotion. Here is the active reproduction of cells undergoing mutation. Responsibility for the process are tumor promoters. Stage lasts for years without showing symptoms, which makes it difficult to diagnose the disease, leading to the next stage.
Progression. This stage is decisive for the patient. The growth rate of the modified cells increases. As a rule, benign education does not carry the threat of death, but affects the organs located next door, by squeezing and leading to violation of the body's work. Progression promotes diagnosis, because The symptoms manifested in the described stage lead a patient for a survey.

At the stage of progression, the risk of malignization appears. Situations contribute to external factors provoking changed cells to rapid growth.

Stages of development of cancer

It is customary to allocate four stages of development of cancer:

The first stage of development corresponds to the exact localization. Education is located in a specific area and does not germinate in neighboring fabrics.
The tumor continues to grow and reaches large sizes, but still remains within the initial area. Cases of the appearance of metastases are observed exclusively in lymph nodes located nearby.
The third stage is characterized by the launch of decay and germination processes in the organ wall. The presence of metastases in neighboring lymph nodes is recorded.
The fourth stage corresponds to germination into neighboring fabrics and organs. Metastases appear in other organs.

Diagnosis differences

The differences between malignant and benign tumor are observed not only in symptoms and development, but also during the diagnosis.

As a rule, benign education is not distinguished by symptoms indicating the need for a visit to the doctor. It is usually diagnosed during the inspection associated with other complaints or prevention.

Methods of diagnosis in such cases depend on where education is located and what kind of has. It is often detected when examining an ultrasound and X-ray apparatus. Next, when collecting the necessary analyzes, the doctor determines how dangerous tumor is dangerous.

Diagnosis of oncology

If during the inspection and collection of the history of the symptoms to which the patient complains, suspicion of the oncological process, the therapist gives a referral to the examination in the ONCO center.

Oncologists apply a number of diagnostic methods:

Collect analyzes. The patient takes blood for general and biochemical analysis. The table of values \u200b\u200bshowing deviations from the norm helps determine the state of the organs. In the event of a neoplary detection, the biological material from the area of \u200b\u200bthe affected area is additionally taken for biopsy. It is the most accurate tool that helps determine the type of mutation cells and check the degree of their mischief. The results obtained as a result helps to predict the further development of the tumor and choose the most appropriate treatment.
Devices for diagnostics. They are selected from the correspondence of the location of the suspect of the neoplasm.

CT scan. X-ray-based diagnostic method. Informative, but not always safe, because The patient receives a non-dose of radiation. Therefore, it is often not possible to use this method possible. The CT conducts a survey of lungs, kidneys, joints, brain, abdominal cavity and pelvis organs, if suspected the presence of cysts (general education).

Colonoscopy, bronchoscopy. These effective endoscopic devices allow you to reveal a tumor at an early stage of development. With the help of colonoscopy examine the rectum. Bronchoscopy allows you to find out the condition of the trachea and bronchi.

MRI. Determines oncology in areas: brain, joints, spine, hip joints, chest. The method is effective and safe. The main plus and the difference in comparison with CT is that there is no share of irradiation of the body, and you can unhindered to prescribe a survey as much as it is necessary.

Mammography is a way to confirm or eliminate dairy gone cancer. The method is safe and does not represent the risk of worsening the situation. Contraindications include only pregnancy and lactation. On the mammography, the presence of darkened areas is indicated by a radigenologist about changes in the structure of dairy glasses.

X-ray. X-ray research reveals the presence of a tumor in the kidneys, liver, bladder, lungs.

Ultrasound. Informative method, exploring many organs, except hollow, like, for example, intestines or lungs.

Dangers associated with the development of tumors

Despite the fact that benign education is considered safe, do not underestimate the disease. As stated above, under the influence of harmful factors, the tumor is reborn into cancer. Also, the neoplasms of the non-hazardous nature are capable of growing, affecting other organs, which leads to a violation of the body's work.

Therefore, in order to avoid meeting with such diseases, you need at least to help the body and exclude from everyday habits:

devastating habits;
unhealthy nutrition;
sedentary lifestyle.

The human body is able to adapt to starvation. In the process of carbohydrate disadvantage, ketosis develops, promoting the resumption of amazed cells. Therefore, the keto diet is prescribed in the treatment complex.

"Is it a benign or malignant?" - The question that pursues too many people when they are waiting for the visit of the doctor, scanning results or biopsy.

How are these two terms define?

What are they similar and what are the differences between benign and malignant tumors?

In the article:

The main differences between benign and malignant tumors
What are the benign against malignant tumors?
How to know a benign tumor or malignant?
What is a benign tumor and malignant?

Review of neoplasms

The term "benign" is used to describe both medical conditions and tumors and usually refers to a process that is not particularly dangerous.

How to distinguish a malignant tumor from benign?

Many want to know how to distinguish a malignant tumor from benign and

What is a benign tumor?

For example, a benign increase in blood pressure refers to an increase in blood pressure, which is not dangerous, and a benign noise in (also called innocent heart murmur) - this is noise in the heart, which probably causes very few problems in terms of illness or has a very low potential For death.

A benign tumor or mass is the one that may be unpleasant, but usually does not lead to death, although there are exceptions that we will discuss below.

Moma uteri - This is a common benign tumor, often occurring in women who are premenopausal. Benign tumors grow locally, but cannot apply to other areas of the body. Nevertheless, if the growth occurs in a closed space, such as a skull, or in body areas, where their presence can damage vital organs, they can be dangerous.

What is a malignant tumor or which tumors are malignant?

The term "malignant tumor" is often used as the synonym for the words "dangerous" in medicine. Although this usually refers to a cancer, it can be used to describe other diseases.

For example, malignant hypertension (malignant high blood pressure) refers to blood pressure, which is dangerous high, and malignant tumors (cancer tumors) are those that can be distributed to other areas of the body or locally, through blood flow, or through the lymphatic system, doctors can use The term "malignant course" to describe the process of the disease that has a lot of complications.

Signs of malignant tumor

A malignant tumor or is a tumor that can spread to other areas of the body.

Although the term "benign" usually means less dangerous and less malignant, but this distinction is not always performed. For example, malignant gravity cancer has a survival rate of 99.9% and a small damage to tissue (small scar), while some benign brain tumors have a lower survival or significantly larger disability associated with their presence or surgery to remove them.

Let's look at some characteristics by which malignant and benign tumors are similar and find multiple distinctions of them.

Similarities between malignant and benign tumors

Some similarities between malignant and benign tumors include:

Both can grow quite large. Only the size does not distinguish between these types of tumors. In fact, benign egg tumors more than a hundred pounds were removed. (On the contrary, pancreatic cancer can be rather small.)
Both can be dangerous from time to time. Although benign tumors are usually more unpleasant, they may in some cases be life-threatening. An example is benign brain tumors. When these tumors grow in a closed brain space, they can put pressure and destroy other structures of the brain, leading to paralysis, speech problems, cramps and even death. Some benign tumors, such as benign piechromocytomas, distinguish, which can also cause symptoms dangerous to life.
Both can be repeated locally. If the cells are left after the operation, both benign and malignant tumors may appear later in the area of \u200b\u200bthe initial tumor, because the cells of malignant tumors are difficult to remove completely.

Differences between malignant and benign tumors

There are many important differences between benign and malignant tumors. Some of them include:

Growth rate. In general, malignant tumors grow much faster than benign tumors, but there are exceptions. Some malignant (cancer) tumors grow very slowly, and some benign tumors grow rapidly.
Ability to metastasis - Benign tumors are expanding locally, while malignant tumors can spread (metastase) to other parts of the body through blood flow and lymphatic channels.
Plot Rezidiva. Although benign tumors can recur locally, that is, near the site of the initial tumors, malignant tumors can be repeated in remote places, such as brain, light, bones and liver, depending on the type of cancer.
Lepacity"- cells in benign tumors produce chemicals (adhesion molecules), which make them stick together. Malignant tumor cells do not produce these molecules and can be broken down and "sailing" into other areas of the body.
Tissue Invasia. As a rule, malignant tumors tend to penetrate into nearby tissues, while benign tumors do not (although they may increase and damage to neighboring authorities, creating pressure on them). A very simple way to think about it is to imagine a benign tumor as having a wall or boundary (literally, a fibrous shell surrounding the tumor). This boundary allows the tumor to expand and displace nearby fabrics to the side, but does not allow the tumor to penetrate the nearby fabrics. In contrast, cancer behaves like "fingers" or "tentacles" that can penetrate into nearby fabrics. In fact, the Latin word Cancer comes from the word crabs used to describe crab or finance projections of cancer tumors in the surrounding tissues.
Appearance of cells. Under the cell microscope, which are benign, often have significant differences from those that are malignant. One of these differences is that the cell core of cancer cells often more and seems darker due to abundance.
Effective. Benign tumors are usually removed surgically, while malignant (malignant) tumors often require chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy. These additional procedures are necessary to try to achieve cancer cells that spread beyond the tumor area or remained after the tumor surgery.
The likelihood of recurrence - Benign tumors are rarely repeated after the operation, while malignant tumors are repeated much more often. Surgery to remove a malignant tumor is more difficult than the operation for a benign tumor. Using a finger-like an analogy above for cancer, it is much easier to remove a tumor, which has a clear fibrous boundary than a tumor that penetrated into the nearby tissues with these finger-shaped protrusions. If, with surgery, the cells remained from these fingers, the tumor is more likely to return.
System Effects. Malignant tumors more often have a "systemic" or overall effect than benign tumors. Because of the nature of these tumors, such symptoms, as well as weight loss are common. Some types of malignant tumors also distinguish substances that cause effects in the body, behind those caused by the initial tumor. An example of this is the paranoplastic syndrome caused by certain types of cancer, leading to a wide range of physical symptoms from hypercalcemia (elevated level of calcium in the blood) to Cushusha (which, in turn, causes such symptoms as rounding the face, stretching and weakened bones).
The number of dead - Benign tumors cause about 13,000 deaths per year in the United States. The number of deaths that can be written off on malignant (cancer) tumors is more than 575,000.

Areas of doubt

There are cases when it is difficult to determine whether a tumor is benign or malignant, and it can be very confusing and frightening if you live with one of these tumors. Doctors often make a distinction between cancer and non-cancerous tumors under a microscope, and sometimes the differences are very thin. Sometimes doctors should use other tips, for example, where the tumor is located, its growth rates and other data to try to draw this difference.

In addition, some benign tumors can become malignant tumors over time. Some benign tumors very rarely become malignant tumors, while other benign tumors often turn into malignant tumors. An example of this is the adenomatous polyps (adenoma) in the colon. They themselves are benign and not dangerous. But over time, they can turn into colon cancer. The removal of these polyps is recommendations for reducing the risk of developing colon cancer (adenocarcinoma). For people over 50 years old is a recommendation, spend a colonoscopy.

Another confusion is that often normal cells, precancerous cells and cancer cells coexist in the same tumor. Depending on where a biopsy is conducted, it may not pick up the sample representing the entire tumor; For example, biopsy can only affect the area of \u200b\u200bprecancerous cells in the tumor, which otherwise is malignant.

Other terms that can enlist this misconception concept include:

Tumor: Tumor refers to growth, which can be either benign or malignant. This is, in fact, the growth of fabric, which does not serve any useful goal for the body and can instead be harmful.
Weight: The mass can also be benign or malignant. In general, the term mass is used to describe growth, which is greater than or equal to 3 cm (1 ½ inches) in diameter.
Nodes: The node can also be either benign or malignant. In general, the term node is used to describe growth, which are less than or equal to 3 cm (1 ½ inches) in diameter.
Neoplasm: Literally translated as "new fabric", the term "neoplasia" is usually used as a synonym for the term "tumor", and these growths can be either benign or malignant.
Defeat - The term of lesion is often used by doctors - can mislead people. This term may mean a benign or malignant tumor or something "abnormal" in the human body, even rash from the bite of a mosquito.

Stages of malignant tumors

What are the precancerous cells and is able?

When distinguishing benign and malignant tumors, you can wonder where the precancerous cells, and where the carcinoma is "in the state". The prediction cell has characteristics somewhere between these two, but it is not a cancer cell. Some of these cells can become cancer cells, and some are not. On the contrary, the carcinoma "in the state" (in situ (CIN)) is cancer, but in the case of CIN, cancer cells do not apply through the basal membrane. In other words, this cancer is not invasive. In situ carcinoma can be called Stage 0. (I-IV Cancer Stages Invasive, that is, they spread through this basal membrane).

Understanding cancer cells

What is a cancer cell? What are the differences between cancer cells and normal cells? Fortunately, scientists learn a lot on these issues and find answers that will help us more accurately treat cancer and with smaller side effects in the coming years.

Naming tumors

How to determine whether a tumor is a benign or malignant name? True, it is not always possible to know whether the tumor is malignant, given its name. In general, malignant tumors include the type of cells included in the tumor, in addition to the location. There are several different types of cancer, but the most common are carcinomas, which begin in epithelial cells (and are 85 percent of cancers) and sarcoma, which are cancer formations of mesothelial cells.

You can understand using the difference:

Osteomait would be a benign bone tumor, while osteosarcoma would be a malignant bone tumor.
Lipomait would be a benign tumor from adipose tissue, but a rayan tumor would be a liposarcoma.
Adenomait would be a benign tumor, but adenocarcinoma, a malignant tumor.

There are exceptions to this general rule, for example, melanoma, a tumor formed by cancer melanocytes is a malignant tumor.

Final word about malignant and benign tumors

It is important to distinguish benign and malignant tumors to determine the best treatment options, but it is not always easy to determine the differences. As we will learn more about the molecular nature of cancer and differences in cancer cells compared to normal cells, we hope we will find simpler ways to make this distinction when it is difficult.