When standardizing the permissible sound pressure at workplaces, the frequency spectrum of the noise is divided into nine frequency bands.
The normalized parameters of constant noise are:
sound pressure levelL, dB, in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies of 31.5; 63; 125; 250; 500; 1000; 2000; 4000; 8000 Hz;
sound levelLa , dBA.
The normalized parameters of intermittent noise are:
- equivalent (energy) sound levelLa eq, dB A,
-maximum sound levelLa max, dB A. Exceeding at least one of these indicators is qualified as non-compliance with these sanitary standards.
In accordance with SanPiN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.10-32-2002, the maximum permissible noise levels are standardized for two categories of noise standards: remote control for noise at workplaces and remote control for noise in residential, public buildings and on the territory of residential buildings.
For tonal and impulse noise, as well as noise generated in rooms by air conditioning, ventilation and air heating installations, the remote control should be taken 5 dB (dBA) less than the values indicated in Table. 8.4. of this paragraph and adj. 2 to SanPiN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.10-32-2002.
The maximum sound level for oscillating and intermittent noise should not exceed 110 dBA. Even a short stay in areas with a sound level or sound pressure level in any octave band exceeding 135 dB A (dB) is prohibited.
Remote control of noise in the premises of residential, public buildings and on the territory of residential buildings. The permissible values of the sound pressure levels in the octave frequency bands of the equivalent and maximum sound levels of penetrating noise into the premises of residential and public buildings and of noise on the territory of residential buildings are established in accordance with Appendix. 3 to SanPiN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.10-32-2002.
Means and methods of protection against noise
The fight against noise in production is carried out in a comprehensive manner and includes measures of a technological, sanitary and technical, therapeutic and prophylactic nature.
The classification of means and methods of protection against noise is given in GOST 12.1.029-80 SSBT “Means and methods of protection against noise. Classification ", SNiP II-12-77" Protection against noise ", which provide protection against noise by the following construction-acoustic methods:
a) soundproofing of enclosing structures, sealing of porches of windows, doors, gates, etc., arrangement of soundproof cabins for personnel; by covering noise sources in enclosures;
b) installation of sound-absorbing structures and screens in rooms in the path of noise propagation;
c) the use of aerodynamic noise mufflers in internal combustion engines and compressors; sound-absorbing linings in the air ducts of ventilation systems;
d) the creation of noise protection zones in various places where people are located, the use of screens and green spaces.
Noise reduction is achieved by using elastic pads under the floor without their rigid connection with the supporting structures of buildings, installing equipment on shock absorbers or specially insulated foundations. Sound-absorbing means are widely used - mineral wool, felt boards, perforated cardboard, fibreboards, fiberglass, as well as active and reactive silencers.
Mufflers aerodynamic noise are absorption, reactive (reflex) and combined. In absorption
In mufflers, noise attenuation occurs in the pores of the sound-absorbing material. The principle of operation of jet mufflers is based on the effect of sound reflection as a result of the formation of a "wave plug" in the elements of the muffler. Combined silencers both absorb and reflect sound.
Soundproofing is one of the most effective and widespread methods of reducing industrial noise along the path of its propagation. With the help of soundproofing devices, it is easy to reduce the noise level by 30 ... 40 dB. Effective sound insulating materials are metals, concrete, wood, dense plastics, etc.
To reduce noise in the room, sound-absorbing materials are applied to the internal surfaces, and piece sound absorbers are also placed in the room.
Use of personal protective equipment against noise it is advisable in cases where collective protective equipment and other means do not provide noise reduction to permissible levels.
PPE can reduce the level of perceived sound by 0 ... 45 dB, and the most significant noise suppression is observed in the high frequencies, which are most dangerous for humans.
Personal protective equipment against noise is subdivided into ear muffs that cover the auricle from the outside; anti-noise earbuds that block the external auditory canal or adjacent to it; anti-noise helmets and helmets; anti-noise suits. Anti-noise earbuds are made of hard, elastic and fibrous materials. They are single and multiple use. Anti-noise helmets cover the entire head, they are used at very high noise levels in combination with headphones and anti-noise suits.
At present, the operation of the overwhelming majority of technological equipment, power plants is inevitably associated with the occurrence of noise and vibration of various frequencies and intensities, which have an adverse effect on the human body. Prolonged exposure to noise and vibration reduces performance and can lead to the development of occupational diseases.
Noise, as a hygienic factor, is a combination of sounds that adversely affect the human body, interfering with his work and rest. Noise is a wave-like oscillatory motion of particles of an elastic (gas, liquid or solid) medium. Noise is usually a combination of sounds of varying frequency and intensity.
Intense noise with daily exposure leads to the occurrence of an occupational disease - hearing loss, the main symptom of which is a gradual hearing loss in both ears, initially lying in the high frequency region (4000 Hz), with subsequent spread to lower frequencies that determine the ability to perceive speech. At very high sound pressure, rupture of the tympanic membrane can occur.
In addition to the direct effect on the organ of hearing, noise affects various parts of the brain, altering the normal processes of higher nervous activity. Complaints of increased fatigue, general weakness, irritability, apathy, weakening of memory, insomnia, etc. are typical. Noise lowers labor productivity, increases rejects at work, and may be an indirect cause of industrial injury.
Depending on the nature of the harmful effect on the human body, noise is divided into interfering, irritating, harmful and traumatic.
Interfering is noise that interferes with speech communication (conversations, movement of human streams). Irritating noise - causing nervous tension, decreased performance (buzzing of a faulty fluorescent lamp in the room, slamming doors, etc.). Harmful noise - causing chronic diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous systems (various types of industrial noise). Traumatic noise - sharply disrupting the physiological functions of the human body.
The degree of harmfulness of noise is characterized by its strength, frequency, duration and regularity of exposure.
Noise regulation is carried out in two directions: hygienic regulation and regulation of noise characteristics of machines and equipment.
The current noise standards at workplaces are regulated by SN 9-86-98 “Noise at workplaces. Methodical instructions "and GOST 12.1.003-83 SSBT. "Noise. General safety requirements ".
According to these documents, industrial noise is divided into:
- noise spectrum: broadband and tonal;
- temporal characteristics: permanent and non-permanent.
In turn, intermittent noises are: oscillating in time (howling), intermittent, impulsive (following each other with an interval of more than 1 sec).
For a rough estimate of the noise, the sound level is taken, determined according to the so-called A scale of the sound level meter in decibels - dBA.
The norms establish the permissible noise levels in working rooms for various purposes. At the same time, zones with a sound level above 85 dBA must be designated with special signs, and those working in these zones must be provided with personal protective equipment. The basis for measures to reduce industrial noise is technical regulation.
In accordance with GOST 12.1.003-83, two methods are used for noise rationing:
- by the limiting noise spectrum;
- normalization of the sound level in dB on the A scale of a sound level meter having different sensitivity to different sound frequencies (copies the sensitivity of the human ear).
The first method is the main one for constant noise. The second method is used to roughly estimate constant and intermittent noise.
The standard prohibits even short-term stays of people in areas with sound pressure levels above 135 dB.
Sound meters of various modifications are used for measurement.
Acceptable noise levels at workplaces are determined by sanitary standards.
In rooms for mental work without noise sources (offices, design bureaus, health centers) - 50 dB.
In office work premises with noise sources (PC keyboard, teleprinters, etc.) - 60 dB.
At workplaces of industrial premises and on the territory of industrial enterprises - 85 dB.
On residential areas in an urban area 2 m from residential buildings and the boundaries of recreation areas - 40 dB.
For a preliminary determination of the noise (without a device), you can use the approximate data. For example, the noise level of turbochargers is 118 dB, of centrifugal fans - 114 dB, a motorcycle without a muffler - 105 dB, when riveting large tanks - 125 - 135 dB, etc.
Prevention of the harmful effect of noise on the human body begins with its regulation. Noise regulation consists in establishing safe sound levels, the excess of which is a threat to the life and health of the population, since it creates the risk of developing diseases associated with the adverse effect of noise.
Normalized according to the following indicators:
- sound level (for constant noise);
- equivalent sound level (this indicator equates the sound level of inconsistent noise over a certain period of time to a certain sound level of constant broadband noise);
- maximum sound level (for intermittent noise);
- sound pressure levels in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies of 31.5 Hz, 63 Hz, 125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz, 8000 Hz.
The principles of noise rationing in residential and public buildings and at workplaces differ from each other.
Normalization of noise in residential and public buildings and in the adjacent territory
For residential premises and premises in public buildings and institutions, permissible noise levels have been established.
The permissible noise level is a level that does not cause significant anxiety in a person and does not cause significant changes in the indicators of the functional state of systems and analyzers that are sensitive to noise.
In other words, such noise is not only invisible to humans, but also will not cause absolutely any physiological effects on the part of the body. The human body does not have to adapt to such noise, which means that it is not a stress factor.
Let me remind you that the criterion for the "noticeability" of noise, i.e. its subjective perception, in itself cannot determine any norms of noise, since a person gets used to the subjective perception of even sufficiently high noise levels, but getting used to noise in the physiological sense does not occur. Fatigue and physiological effects caused by noise accumulate over time and can result in various functional disorders and diseases, which is why the ability of noise at known levels to cause such effects determines the norms of noise along with its subjective perception.
If the permissible noise level is not exceeded, then it does not bother people in such an environment, it creates a comfortable atmosphere for doing everyday activities, does not cause fatigue, and contributes to active or calm rest.
When normalizing noise, various states of a person, both physiological and those caused by various diseases, are taken into account, for example, noise that is invisible to a waking person, especially if he is having fun or is engaged in active rest, will interfere with a person who is trying to fall asleep, which means interfere with the normal course of sleep and rest of the body, which is fraught with its health. Therefore, for premises in which people can be around the clock, various standards have been established for the daytime (from 7 to 23 hours) and for the night time (from 23 hours to 7 hours).
Likewise, noise that does not disturb a healthy person can cause discomfort for the sick person. Therefore, for residential premises, and for premises equated to them, the noise standards are slightly higher than for chambers of hospitals and sanatoriums.
In classrooms, the permissible noise levels are commensurate with the norms for living quarters, since in order to focus on the educational process, any distractions are completely unnecessary.
For public institutions in which people have fun, make purchases, receive any services, the noise levels are higher than for residential premises, educational and medical institutions.
Permissible noise levels have been established for public areas as well.
Where are noise standards for residential and public spaces established?
The permissible noise levels are established in special regulatory documents that regulate the criteria for the safety and harmlessness of various environmental factors to human health and the requirements that provide favorable conditions for human life. These documents are: sanitary rules (SP), sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations (SanPiN), sanitary standards (SN).
All of the listed types of documents are mandatory for the fulfillment of their requirements by citizens, individual entrepreneurs, legal entities, regardless of their affiliation and type of ownership.
Failure to comply with the mandatory requirements of the above normative documents provides for civil, administrative and criminal liability.
The main document establishing permissible noise levels is SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562-96 "Noise at workplaces, in premises of residential, public buildings and on the territory of residential development."
In addition to it, noise standards are regulated in specialized SP and SanPiN, for example, SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises", SP 2.1.2.2844-11 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for a device, equipment and maintenance of hostels for employees of organizations and students of educational institutions ", etc.
Since the harmful effect of noise also depends on its frequency composition, the threshold will not be the same for different noises. The thresholds for the harmful effect of noise are taken as noise standards, i.e., for the maximum permissible noise levels at work. As such, the Main Sanitary Inspectorate of the USSR on 9/11 1956 adopted the following standards: for low-frequency - 90-100 dB, for medium-frequency - 85-90 dB, for high-frequency - 75-85 dB.
In the form of a supplement to the measurement of noise, and, perhaps, a reliable control of the correctness of the measurement of noise parameters, an additional criterion has been introduced for judging whether the noise does not exceed the permissible levels. This criterion is the intelligibility of the perception of speech, pronounced at normal volume in a working workshop at a distance of 1.5 m from the subject. Good legibility is considered correct repetition of at least 40 out of 50 multi-digit numbers (22, 44, 78, etc.).
The permissible levels of occupational noise, approved in 1956, were undoubtedly a big step forward in the fight against occupational hearing loss, and not because it is easy to reduce noise to these standards in the vast majority of existing industries. It turned out to be important that the technical thought and initiative were aimed at finding methods and ways to reduce noise at the projected enterprises. Even more important was the fact that in relation to workers who are in contact with noise exceeding permissible levels, a number of preventive measures began to be applied - lengthening the next vacation, annual audiometric control and transferring with high vulnerability of hearing to quiet work and, finally, attributing the developed pronounced hearing loss to occupational disease during examination.
The norms established in the USSR, known in foreign literature under the name "Slavin" (II Slavin, 1955), are the lowest, including those that were lower than those proposed by the International Committee "Akustika-43". It should be emphasized that when developing noise standards, the authors aimed to preserve the perception of sounds of the speech frequency and get rid of the unpleasant sensations associated with the action of noise.
Experimental and histological studies by G.N.Krivitskaya (1964) showed that in response to a short sound stimulus (six times exposure to sound with an intensity of 80-130 dB), changes in the structures of the central links of the auditory analyzer develop in white rats, which precede the pathology in the peripheral receptor of Cortiev. organ. The author emphasizes that some changes reflect the functional state of neurons, those parts of the auditory analyzer that function intensively. With prolonged acoustic stimulation, various links of many analyzers are involved in the process, morphological changes appear - violations of all parts of the neuron (nucleus, synapses, dendrites, etc.). One of the characteristic changes in the neuron is the depletion of the Nisslev substance, which the author considers as the cause of fatigue. Of course, there is little similarity in the response of humans and experimental animals to intense noise. Nevertheless, the facts revealed by the author deserve attention.
In this respect, physiological studies by T.A. Orlova (1965) on humans are of interest. She found that shifts in higher nervous activity and autonomic reactivity may precede a stable hearing loss. Based on this, she believes that when normalizing noise, it is necessary to take into account not only its harmful effect on auditory function. By the way, other authors, as will be said below, found autonomic disorders in persons working in a noisy environment, regarding them as the earliest reaction to noise exposure. The question raised is somewhat outside the scope of our topic, but it is closely related to it. Unfortunately, we cannot dwell on it in more detail. We will touch on the other side of the issue, which directly relates to audiology, - to what extent the methods used by the authors to normalize noise can be considered accurate and comprehensive. It seems to us that the diversity in the standards in itself already indicates that the methods cannot be considered fully consistent with the tasks that are posed when standardizing noise.
GOST12.1.003-83
UDC534.835.46: 658.382.3: 006.354 Group T58
INTERSTATE STANDARD
Occupational safety standards system
General safety requirements
Occupational safety standards system
Noise. General safety requirements
Introduction date 01.07 84
INFORMATION DATA
1 DEVELOPED by the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions by the USSR State Committee for Construction, the Ministry of Railways, the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, the USSR Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy, the USSR Ministry of Agriculture, the Ukrainian SSR Ministry of Health, the RSFSR Ministry of Health, the USSR State Committee for Standards, the USSR Academy of Sciences
DEVELOPERS
B. A. Dvoryanchikov; Yu.M. Vasiliev, Cand. tech. sciences; L.F. Lagunov, Cand. tech. Sciences: L.N. Pyatachkova, Cand. tech. sciences; IN AND. Kopylov; G.L. Osipov, Dr. Sciences; M.A. Porozhenko; E. Ya. Yudin, Dr. sciences; K.F. Kalmakhelidze, Cand. tech. Sciences; Yu. P. Chepulsky, Cand. tech. sciences; G.A. Suvorov, Dr. med. sciences; L.N. Shkarinov, Dr. med. sciences; E.I. Denisov, Cand. tech. sciences; L.N. Klyachko, Cand. tech. Sciences; D.B. Chekhomova, Cand. tech. sciences; A.I. Ponomarev, Cand. tech. sciences; V.E. Skibinsky; V.Z. Kleymenov, Cand. tech. sciences; V.V. Myasnikov; G.P. Saversky; T.A. Kochinashvili, Cand. tech. sciences; A.M. Nikolayshvili; N.I. Borodin, Candidate of Engineering sciences; V.F. Drobyshevskaya; G.I. Varnashov; A.A. Menshov, Dr. med. sciences; V.N.Soga; Yu.P. Fingers, Cand. honey. sciences; A.V. Kolesnikova, Cand. honey, sciences; Sh.L. Zlotnik, Cand. tech. sciences; L.A. Potanin; N.P. Benevolenskaya, Dr. med. Sciences; V.A. Shcherbakov; Yu.N. Kamensky, Cand. honey. sciences; A.I. Tsisar, Cand. honey. sciences.
2 APPROVED IMPLEMENTED BY Decree of the USSR State Committee for Standardization 06.06.83, No. 2473
3. The standard corresponds to ST SEV 1930-79 in terms of permissible values of sound pressure levels and sound levels at workplaces of industrial enterprises and their measurements.
4. REPLACE GOST 12.1.003-76
5 REFERENCE REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
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Item number, application |
Item number, application |
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GOST 12.1.020-79 |
GOST 12.4.026-76 |
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GOST 12.1.023-80 |
GOST 12.4.051-87 |
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GOST 12.1.024-81 |
GOST 12.4.095-80 |
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GOST 12.1.025-81 |
GOST 17187-81 |
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GOST 12.1.026-80 |
GOST 20296-81 |
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GOST 12.1.027-80 |
GOST 23941-79 |
4.2, 4.4, 5.1, 5.2 |
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GOST 12.1.028-80 |
GOST 27435-87 |
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GOST 12.1.029-80 |
GOST 27436-87 |
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GOST 12.1.050-86 |
5.1, appendix 1 |
ST SEV 541-77 |
Annex 1 |
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GOST 12.2.002-91 |
6 The limitation of the period of validity was removed according to the protocol No. 3-93 of the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 5-6-93)
7 REVISED (September 1999) with Amendment No. 1, approved in December 1988 (IUS 3-89)
The standard establishes the classification of noise, characteristics and permissible noise levels at workplaces, general requirements for protection against noise at workplaces, noise characteristics of machines, mechanisms, vehicles and other equipment (hereinafter referred to as machines) and noise measurements.
1. CLASSIFICATION
1.1. By the nature of the spectrum, noise should be subdivided into:
- broadband with a continuous spectrum more than one octave wide;
- tonal, in the spectrum of which there are pronounced discrete tones. The tonal nature of noise for practical purposes (when monitoring its parameters at workplaces) is established by measuring in one-third octave frequency bands by exceeding the sound pressure level in one band over the neighboring ones by at least 10 dB.
1.2. Noise should be subdivided into time-based characteristics:
- constant, the sound level of which during an 8-hour working day (work shift) changes in time by no more than 5 dB A when measured on the time characteristic of a “slow” sound level meter in accordance with GOST 17187;
- unstable, the sound level of which during an 8-hour working day (work shift) changes in time by more than 5 dB A when measured on the time characteristic of a “slow” sound level meter in accordance with GOST 17187.
1.3 Intermittent noise should be classified into:
- fluctuating in time, the sound level of which continuously changes in time;
- intermittent, the sound level of which changes stepwise (by 5 dB A or more), and the duration of the intervals during which the level remains constant is 1 s or more;
- impulse, consisting of one or more sound signals, each with a duration of less than 1 s, while the sound levels measured in dB AI and dB A, respectively, on the temporal characteristics “impulse” and “slow” of the sound level meter according to GOST 17187 differ by no less than 7 dB.
2. CHARACTERISTICS AND PERMISSIBLE NOISE LEVELS AT WORKPLACE
2.1. The characteristic of constant noise at workplaces are the sound pressure levels L in dB in octave bands with central geometric frequencies of 31.5, 63, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000 Hz, determined by the formula
where p is the root-mean-square value of the sound pressure, Pa;
p0 is the initial value of the sound pressure. In air p0 = 2 × 10-5Pa.
Note: For an approximate assessment (for example, when checking by supervisory authorities, identifying the need to take measures for noise suppression, etc.), it is allowed as a characteristic of constant broadband noise at workplaces to take the sound level in dB A, measured at the temporal characteristic of the "slow" sound level meter according to GOST 17187 and determined by the formula
where рА is the root-mean-square value of the sound pressure taking into account the correction “A” of the sound level meter, Pa.
(Modified edition, Amendment No. 1)
2.2. The characteristic of intermittent noise in the workplace is an integral criterion - the equivalent (in energy) sound level in dB A, determined in accordance with reference annex 2.
Additionally, for time-varying and intermittent noise, limit the maximum sound levels in dB · A, measured on the "slow" time characteristic, and for impulse noise, the maximum sound level in dB AI, measured on the "impulse" time characteristic.
It is allowed to use the noise dose or the relative noise dose as a characteristic of intermittent noise in accordance with the reference annex 2.
2.3. Permissible sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands, sound levels and equivalent sound levels at workplaces should be taken:
for broadband constant and non-constant (except impulse) noise - see the table;
for tonal and impulse noise - 5 dB less than the values indicated in the table
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Labor activity, jobs |
Sound pressure levels, dB, in composite bands with geometric mean frequencies, Hz |
Sound levels and equivalent sound levels, DBA |
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Enterprises, institutions and organizations |
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1 Creative activity, management work with increased requirements, scientific activity, design and engineering, programming, teaching and learning, medical activity: |
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workplaces in the premises - directorates, design bureaus; calculators, computer programmers, in laboratories for theoretical work and data processing, receiving patients in health centers |
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2 Highly qualified work requiring concentration, administrative and managerial activities, measuring and analytical work in the laboratory: |
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workplaces in the premises of the shop management apparatus, in the working rooms of the office premises, laboratories |
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3 Work performed with frequently received instructions and acoustic signals, work requiring constant auditory monitoring, operator work on an exact schedule with instructions, dispatch work: |
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workplaces in the rooms of the dispatch service, offices and rooms for observation and remote control with voice communication by telephone, typewriting offices, at precision assembly areas, at telephone and telegraph stations, in the premises of foremen, in information processing rooms on computers |
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4 Work that requires concentration, work with increased requirements for monitoring processes and remote control of production cycles: |
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workplaces behind the control panels in observation and remote control cabins without voice communication by phone; in rooms of laboratories with noisy equipment, in rooms for placing noisy units of computers |
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5 Performing all types of work (with the exception of those listed in clauses 1-4 and similar) at permanent workplaces in production facilities and on the territory of enterprises |
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Railway rolling stock |
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6 Workstations in the cabins of locomotives, electric locomotives, subway trains, diesel trains and railcars |
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7 Workstations in the cabins of drivers of high-speed and suburban electric trains |
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8 Premises for personnel of long-distance train carriages, service compartments of refrigerated sections, power station cars, recreation rooms in baggage and post offices |
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9 Service premises of baggage and mail cars, restaurant cars |
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Sea, river, fishing and other vessels |
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10 Working area in the premises of the power department of sea-going ships with a permanent watch (premises in which the main power plant is installed, boilers, engines and mechanisms that generate energy and ensure the operation of various systems and devices) |
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11 Working areas in the central control posts (CPC) of sea vessels (soundproofed), rooms allocated from the power department, in which control devices, indicating means, controls of the main power plant and auxiliary mechanisms are installed |
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12 Working areas in the service premises of sea vessels (steering, navigational, bagermeister cabin, radio rooms, etc.) |
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13 Production and technological premises on board the vessels of the fishing industry (premises for processing fish, seafood, etc.) |
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Tractors, self-propelled chassis, self-propelled, trailed and mounted agricultural machines, road-building, earth-moving, land reclamation and other similar types of machines |
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14 Workplaces of drivers and maintenance personnel of vehicles |
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15 Workplaces of drivers and service personnel (passengers) of cars |
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16 Workplaces of drivers and maintenance personnel of tractors of self-propelled chassis, trailed and mounted agricultural machines, road-building and other similar machines |
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17 Workstations in cockpits and cabins of aircraft and helicopters |
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Notes:
1 It is allowed in the industry documentation to establish stricter standards for certain types of labor activity, taking into account the intensity of labor in accordance with Appendix 3.
2 It is prohibited even for a short stay in areas with octave sound pressure levels above 135 dB in any octave band.
for noise generated in rooms by air conditioning, ventilation and air heating installations - 5 dB less than the actual noise levels in these rooms (measured or determined by calculation), if the latter do not exceed the values indicated in the table (the correction for tonal and impulse noise in this case should not be taken ), in other cases - 5 dB less than the values indicated in the table.
(Modified edition, Amendment No. 1).
2.4. In addition to the requirements of clause 2.3, the maximum level of intermittent noise sound at workplaces according to clauses 6 and 13 of the table should not exceed 110 dB A when measured on the "slow" time characteristic, and the maximum sound level of impulse noise at work places according to clause 6 of the table should not exceed 125 dB AI when measured on the "impulse" time characteristic.
3. PROTECTION AGAINST NOISE
3.1. When developing technological processes, designing, manufacturing and operating machines, industrial buildings and structures, as well as organizing a workplace, all necessary measures should be taken to reduce the noise affecting a person at workplaces to values that do not exceed the permissible values specified in Sec. 2:
- development of noise-safe technology;
- the use of means and methods of collective protection in accordance with GOST 12.1.029;
- the use of personal protective equipment in accordance with GOST 12.4.051.
Note: Construction and acoustic measures envisaged in the design of enterprises, buildings and structures for various purposes - on the normative and technical documents approved or agreed with the State Construction Committee of the USSR.
3.2. Zones with a sound level or an equivalent sound level above 80 dB A must be marked with safety signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.026. The administration must provide personnel working in these zones with personal protective equipment in accordance with GOST 12.4.051.
(Modified edition, Amendment No. 1).
3.3. At enterprises, organizations and institutions, control of noise levels at workplaces must be ensured at least once a year.
4. REQUIREMENTS FOR NOISE CHARACTERISTICS OF MACHINES
4.1. The standards and / or specifications for machines should establish the noise performance limits of these machines.
4.2. The noise characteristic should be selected from among those provided by GOST 23941.
4.3. The values of the maximum permissible noise characteristics of machines should be set based on the requirements for ensuring permissible noise levels at workplaces in accordance with the main purpose of the machine and the requirements of Sec. 2 of these standards. Methods for establishing the maximum permissible noise characteristics of stationary machines - in accordance with GOST 12.1.023.
4.4. If the values of the noise characteristics of machines corresponding to the best world achievements of similar technology exceed the values established in accordance with the requirements of clause 4.3 of this standard, then it is allowed to establish technically achievable values of the noise characteristics of these machines agreed in the established order in the standards and (or) technical conditions for machines.
The technically achievable values of the noise characteristics of machines must be justified:
- the results of measuring the noise characteristics of a representative number of machines using one of the methods according to GOST 23941;
- data on noise characteristics of the best models of similar machines produced abroad;
- analysis of methods and means of noise reduction used in the car;
- the presence of developed means of protection against noise up to the levels established by clause 2.3, and their inclusion in the regulatory and technical documentation for the machine;
- an action plan to reduce noise to a level that meets the requirements of clause 4.3 of this standard.
4.5. Noise characteristics of machines or limit values of noise characteristics must be indicated in the passport for them, manual (instructions) for operation or other accompanying documentation.
5. NOISE MEASUREMENT
5.1. Measurement of noise at workplaces: enterprises and institutions - according to GOST 12.1.050 and GOST 23941; agricultural self-propelled machines - in accordance with GOST 12.4.095; tractors and self-propelled chassis - in accordance with GOST 12.2.002; cars, road trains, buses, motorcycles, scooters, mopeds, motorbikes - in accordance with GOST 27435 and GOST 27436; transport aircraft and helicopters - in accordance with GOST 20296; rolling stock of railway transport - in accordance with the sanitary norms for limiting noise in the rolling stock of railway transport, approved by the USSR Ministry of Health; for sea river and lake vessels - according to GOST 12.1.020, sanitary noise standards in the premises of river fleet vessels and sanitary noise standards on sea vessels approved by the USSR Ministry of Health.
(Modified edition, Amendment No. 1).
5.2. The measurement procedure for certain noise characteristics of machines is in accordance with GOST 23941, GOST 12.1.024, GOST 12.1.025, GOST 12.1.026, GOST 12.1.027, GOST 12.1.028.
ANNEX 1
Reference
INFORMATION DATA ON COMPLIANCE WITH GOST 12.1.003-83
ST SEV 1930-79
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Requirements |
GOST 12.1.003-83 |
ST SEV 1930-79 |
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Establishing sound pressure levels, sound levels and equivalent sound levels |
Establishes sound pressure levels and equivalent sound levels at workplaces of industrial enterprises, depending on the severity and intensity of labor in the frequency range of 31.5-8000 Hz. |
Sets sound pressure levels, sound levels at workplaces of industrial enterprises in the frequency range 63-8000 Hz. |
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Sound levels and equivalent sound levels at workplaces in industrial premises - 80 dB A. |
Sound levels and equivalent sound levels at workplaces in industrial premises - 85 dB A. |
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Measurement of noise in workplaces |
At workplaces in production facilities in accordance with GOST 12.1.050 |
At workplaces in production facilities according to ST SEV 541 |
(Modified edition, Amendment No. 1).
APPENDIX 2
Reference
INTEGRAL NOISE REGULATION CRITERIA
1.Equivalent (in energy) sound level in dB A of a given variable noise - the sound level of constant broadband noise, which has the same root mean square sound pressure as this variable noise for a certain time interval and which is determined by the formula 
- the current value of the root mean square sound pressure, taking into account the correction “A” of the sound level meter, Pa;
р0 - initial value of sound pressure (in air р0 = 2 × 10-5 Pa);
(Modified edition, Amendment No. 1).
APPENDIX 3
Reference
NOISE LEVELS FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF EMPLOYMENT, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DEGREE OF LABOR STRENGTH
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Labor activity |
Sound levels and equivalent sound levels, dB A |
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Work on the development of concepts, new programs; creation; teaching |
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The work of senior production managers associated with the control of a group of people performing predominantly mental work |
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Highly skilled mental work that requires concentration; communication labor |
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Mental work performed with frequently received directions and acoustic signals; work requiring constant * auditory control; high-precision category of visual work ** |
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Mental work, according to the exact schedule with instructions (operator's), the exact category of visual work |
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Physical work involving precision, focus, or periodic auditory control |
* More than 50% of working time.
** According to the norms of natural and artificial lighting, approved by the USSR State Construction Committee
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