An upset bowel is a condition in which a person experiences abdominal pain and fatigue from abnormal bowel movements. Moreover, patients can suffer from both debilitating diarrhea and excruciating constipation.
Causes
Very often, problems with excretion of feces are a symptom of the so-called irritable bowel syndrome. In fact, it is a functional bowel disorder in which there are no abnormalities in tissue structure at all. This pathology is characterized by the regular occurrence of digestive problems or their long-term preservation (more than 1 month), and sometimes patients first complain of the appearance of bouts of diarrhea, and after a while - of constipation and vice versa.
Long-term bowel upset can be caused by taking medications such as:
- antibiotics;
- antineoplastic drugs;
- antiarrhythmic drugs;
- tranquilizers;
- antidepressants;
- anticonvulsants;
- hormonal medications;
- antihypertensive drugs.
But sometimes, the causes of bowel upset are more serious. Diarrhea can be caused by:
- intestinal tuberculosis;
- Crohn's disease;
- the formation of polyps;
- nonspecific ulcerative colitis.
But in addition to diarrhea, many people suffer from constipation, that is, the inability to empty the intestines more than 3 times a week. The reasons for this lie in:
- poor nutrition;
- the presence of diabetes mellitus;
- obesity;
- taking antacids, NSAIDs, drugs, diuretics and other medicines;
- diseases of the upper digestive tract.
Mismanagement of medications is the main cause of the development of digestive disorders
Attention! Since the causes of intestinal upset can vary in terms of the level of danger to the health and life of patients, you should not self-medicate. If problems with stool persist for a long time, you should definitely consult a doctor and undergo all the necessary examinations.
Symptoms
Signs of a bowel disorder are usually as follows:
- the appearance of a feeling of fullness in the abdomen;
- abdominal pain at different times of the day, associated and not associated with food intake;
- bloating;
- diarrhea, constipation, or their alternation;
- flatulence;
- maintaining a feeling of fullness in the intestines even after a bowel movement;
- frequent rumbling in the stomach;
- tenesmus, that is, the appearance of painful false urges to go to the toilet;
- secretion of mucus along with stool;
- the need to strain to empty the intestines;
- pain in the anal area;
- discharge of blood with feces;
- general weakness.
Important: with different pathologies, the symptoms of an intestinal disorder may be different. Almost never, patients do not have all the symptoms at the same time. That is why the assessment of the intensity of the manifestations of the disease and their combination with each other make it possible to judge the presence of a particular pathology.
Special cases
It is one thing when an intestinal disorder occurs in the average adult. But after all, a similar condition can occur in such special categories of the population as pregnant women and children. What does this indicate?
Pregnant women need to be very careful about their diet.
Some women are used to suffering from intestinal upset during menstruation, which is explained by a change in hormonal levels. This is a variant of the norm and does not require special intervention. But not less often, intestinal upset is observed during pregnancy. Since the well-being of the expectant mother cannot be ignored, this situation requires a special attitude.
In most cases, the cause of digestive problems in pregnant women is malnutrition, but sometimes a change in the nature of the stool indicates all the same reasons as given above, including the presence of infections. Therefore, expectant mothers, if indigestion persists for more than a few days, should consult a doctor and determine the exact cause of this condition.
Attention! Intestinal infections can be dangerous to both the woman's health and the fetus. Therefore, in no case should they be ignored.
Children are more sensitive than others to errors in nutrition and an unhealthy psycho-emotional environment, and indigestion is especially dangerous for them, and the younger the child, the more dangerous an intestinal disorder is for him. Most of all, parents of infants who have developed diarrhea should worry, as this can lead to severe dehydration of the body, and, therefore, to disturbances in the functioning of the heart and other organs. The reasons for the development of diarrhea, however, like constipation, in children can be different, and quite often they lie in fears of defecation (with constipation) or instability of the psychological atmosphere.
Diagnostics
To determine the causes of persistent bowel disorders, the following are used:
- physical examination;
- gynecological and urological examination;
- rectal digital examination;
- stool analysis;
- colonoscopy;
- sigmoidoscopy;
- biopsy;
As a result of these examinations, it is usually possible to find the root of the problem, determine its severity and, accordingly, choose an adequate treatment. But in about 18% of cases, it is not possible to detect any organic changes in the intestine, although patients suffer from chronic intestinal upset. This means that there are no specific reasons for the development of such a state, with the exception of psychosomatic ones. In such cases, patients are usually diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome and prescribed lifestyle changes, as well as psychotherapy.
Mental disorder is a wide range of ailments that are characterized by changes in the psyche that affect habits, performance, behavior and social status. In the international classification of diseases, such pathologies have several meanings. ICD code 10 - F00 - F99.
A wide range of predisposing factors can cause the appearance of one or another psychological pathology, ranging from craniocerebral trauma and burdened heredity to addiction to bad habits and poisoning with toxins.
There are many clinical manifestations of diseases associated with personality disorder, moreover, they are extremely diverse, which makes it possible to conclude that they are individual in nature.
Establishing the correct diagnosis is a rather lengthy process, which, in addition to laboratory and instrumental diagnostic measures, includes the study of a life history, as well as an analysis of handwriting and other individual characteristics.
Treatment of a particular mental disorder can be carried out in several ways - from working with the patient of the appropriate clinicians to using recipes of traditional medicine.
Etiology
Personality disorder means an illness of the soul and a state of mental activity that is different from a healthy one. The opposite of this condition is mental health, inherent in those individuals who can quickly adapt to the daily changes of life, solve various everyday issues or problems, and also achieve goals and objectives. When such abilities are limited or completely lost, one can suspect that a person has one or another pathology on the part of the psyche.
Diseases of this group are caused by a wide variety and multiplicity of etiological factors. However, it should be noted that absolutely all of them are predetermined by impaired functioning of the brain.
The pathological reasons against which mental disorders can develop include:
- the course of various infectious diseases, which can either themselves negatively affect the brain, or appear in the background;
- damage to other systems, for example, leaking or transferred earlier, can cause the development of psychosis and other mental pathologies. Often they lead to the appearance of a disease in the elderly;
- traumatic brain injury;
- brain oncology;
- congenital defects and anomalies.
Among the external etiological factors, it is worth highlighting:
- impact on the body of chemical compounds. This should include poisoning with toxic substances or poisons, indiscriminate intake of drugs or harmful food components, as well as the abuse of addictions;
- the prolonged influence of stressful situations or nervous overstrain that can haunt a person both at work and at home;
- improper parenting of a child or frequent conflicts between peers lead to the appearance of a mental disorder in adolescents or children.
Separately, it is worth highlighting aggravated heredity - mental disorders, like no other pathology, are closely related to the presence of such deviations in relatives. Knowing this, you can prevent the development of a particular disease.
In addition, labor can cause mental disorders in women.
Classification
There is a division of personality disorders that groups all diseases of a similar nature according to the predisposing factor and clinical manifestation. This enables clinicians to diagnose faster and prescribe the most effective therapy.
Thus, the classification of mental disorders includes:
- a mental change that was caused by drinking alcohol or using drugs;
- organic mental disorders - caused by disruption of the normal functioning of the brain;
- affective pathologies - the main clinical manifestation is frequent mood swings;
- and schizotypal diseases - such conditions have specific symptoms, which include a sharp change in the nature of the personality and the lack of adequate action;
- phobias and. Signs of such disorders can occur in relation to an object, phenomenon or person;
- behavioral syndromes associated with eating disorders, sleep disorders or sexual relations;
- ... Such a violation refers to borderline mental disorders, since they often arise against the background of intrauterine pathologies, heredity and childbirth;
- disorders of psychological development;
- activity and concentration disorders are the most common mental disorders in children and adolescents. Expressed in the disobedience and hyperactivity of the child.
Varieties of such pathologies in representatives of the adolescent age category:
- prolonged depression;
- and of a nervous nature;
- drancorexia.
The types of mental disorders in children are:
- mental retardation;
Varieties of such deviations in the elderly:
- marasmus;
- Pick's disease.
The most common mental disorders associated with epilepsy are:
- epileptic mood disorder;
- passing mental disorders;
- mental seizures.
Long-term drinking of alcoholic beverages leads to the development of the following psychological personality disorders:
- delirium;
- hallucinations.
Brain injury can be a factor in the development of:
- twilight state;
- delirium;
- oneyroid.
The classification of mental disorders that have arisen against the background of somatic ailments includes:
- asthenic neurosis-like state;
- Korsakov's syndrome;
- dementia.
Malignant neoplasms can cause:
- various hallucinations;
- affective disorders;
- memory impairment.
Types of personality disorder formed due to vascular pathologies of the brain:
- vascular dementia;
- cerebrovascular psychosis.
Some clinicians believe that selfies are a mental disorder, which is expressed in the tendency to very often take pictures of themselves on the phone and post them on social networks. Several degrees of severity of such a violation have been compiled:
- episodic - a person is photographed more than three times a day, but does not post the resulting pictures to the public;
- medium-heavy - differs from the previous one in that a person uploads photos to social networks;
- chronic - the pictures are taken throughout the day, and the number of photos posted on the Internet exceeds six pieces.
Symptoms
The appearance of clinical signs of a mental disorder is of a purely individual nature, nevertheless, they can all be divided into disorders of mood, thinking abilities and behavioral reactions.
The most obvious manifestations of such violations are:
- an unreasonable change of mood or the appearance of hysterical laughter;
- difficulty concentrating, even when performing the simplest tasks;
- conversations when no one is around;
- hallucinations, auditory, visual, or combined;
- decrease or, conversely, increase in sensitivity to stimuli;
- lapses or lack of memory;
- learning disabilities;
- lack of understanding of the events taking place around;
- decreased performance and adaptation in society;
- depression and apathy;
- a feeling of pain and discomfort in various areas of the body, which in fact may not be;
- the emergence of unjustified beliefs;
- sudden feeling of fear, etc .;
- alternation of euphoria and dysphoria;
- acceleration or inhibition of the thought process.
Such manifestations are characteristic of psychological disorders in children and adults. However, several of the most specific symptoms are distinguished, depending on the gender of the patient.
The fairer sex may have:
- sleep disturbances in the form of insomnia;
- frequent overeating or, conversely, refusal to eat;
- addiction to alcohol abuse;
- sexual dysfunction;
- irritability;
- severe headaches;
- unreasonable fears and phobias.
In men, in contrast to women, mental disorders are diagnosed several times more often. The most common symptoms of a disorder include:
- sloppy appearance;
- avoiding hygiene procedures;
- isolation and resentment;
- blaming everyone except yourself for your own problems;
- a sharp change in mood;
- humiliation and insult of interlocutors.
Diagnostics
Establishing the correct diagnosis is a rather lengthy process that requires an integrated approach. First of all, the clinician needs to:
- to study the life history and medical history of not only the patient, but also his immediate family - to determine the borderline mental disorder;
- a detailed survey of the patient, which is aimed not only at clarifying complaints about the presence of certain symptoms, but also at assessing the patient's behavior.
In addition, the ability of a person to tell or describe their disease is of great importance in diagnosis.
To identify pathologies of other organs and systems, laboratory tests of blood, urine, feces and cerebrospinal fluid are shown.
Instrumental methods include:
Psychological diagnostics is necessary to identify the nature of changes in individual processes of the psyche.
In cases of death, a pathological diagnostic study is carried out. This is necessary to confirm the diagnosis, identify the causes of the onset of the disease and the death of a person.
Treatment
The tactics of the treatment of mental disorders will be drawn up individually for each patient.
Drug therapy in most cases involves the use of:
- sedatives;
- tranquilizers - to relieve anxiety and anxiety;
- antipsychotics - to suppress acute psychosis;
- antidepressants - to fight depression;
- normotimics - to stabilize mood;
- nootropics.
In addition, it is widely used:
- auto-training;
- hypnosis;
- suggestion;
- neurolinguistic programming.
All procedures are carried out by a psychiatrist. Good results can be achieved with the help of traditional medicine, but only if they are approved by the attending physician. The list of the most effective substances is:
- poplar bark and gentian root;
- burdock and centaury;
- lemon balm and valerian root;
- St. John's wort and kava-kava;
- cardamom and ginseng;
- mint and sage;
- cloves and licorice root;
Such treatment of mental disorders should be part of a comprehensive therapy.
Prophylaxis
In addition, you must follow a few simple rules for the prevention of mental disorders:
- completely abandon bad habits;
- take medications only as prescribed by the clinician and with strict adherence to the dosage;
- if possible, avoid stress and nervous strain;
- comply with all safety rules when working with toxic substances;
- undergo a full medical examination several times a year, especially for those people whose relatives have mental disorders.
Only if all the above recommendations are followed can a favorable prognosis be achieved.
- psychopathological syndrome of organic genesis, in which emotional stress and subjectively unexplained anxiety dominate. Patients complain of a constant feeling of uncertainty, a premonition of trouble, insomnia, tachycardia. Objectively, there is an acceleration of speech, fussiness, tremor, rapid breathing. The main diagnosis is carried out by a psychiatrist and a clinical psychologist, using conversation, observation, psychodiagnostic methods. To establish the organic basis of the disorder, examinations of narrow specialists are prescribed. Treatment is carried out with medication, anxiolytics, antidepressants are used.
ICD-10
F06.4
General information
Anxiety is a normal emotional response. It activates certain systems of the body when there is a likelihood of a threat, and includes adaptive mechanisms within the framework of stress. In the presence of an organic cause, anxiety is associated not with external circumstances, but with internal pathological physiological processes, that is, it is inadequate to the situation. In ICD-10, organic anxiety disorder is classified under F06.4. There are no data on the prevalence of the syndrome, the incidence among male and female patients is approximately the same. The peak incidence occurs in middle and old age - from 40 to 65 years. Symptoms of anxiety disorder increase in accordance with seasonal exacerbations of underlying diseases.
Causes of organic anxiety disorder
The etiological factors of organic anxiety can be somatic diseases, certain pathological processes, and the use of certain drugs. Symptoms develop as a condition preceding an acute attack, as a result of sudden functional changes or persistent physiological abnormalities. Reasons that can trigger an anxiety disorder include:
- Cardiovascular diseases. Persistent symptoms are formed in pathologies that occur with cardiac failures. Panic anxiety accompanies up to 40% of cases of myocardial infarction.
- Endocrine diseases. Disorders in the work of the adrenal glands and the parathyroid gland, thyrotoxicosis, premenstrual and climacteric syndromes lead to the development of pathological anxiety. In pheochromocytoma, the disorder occurs due to an increase in the production of epinephrine, a stimulant of the central nervous system.
- Organic brain damage. The most common causes are craniocerebral trauma, tumors, and encephalitis. In acute disorders of cerebral circulation, anxiety appears before delirium.
- Other reasons. In some cases, anxiety increases with vitamin B12 deficiency, hypoglycemia. Perhaps the development of a paradoxical reaction to the use of certain drugs, for example, atropine, scopolamine.
Pathogenesis
In the pathogenesis of organic anxiety disorder, inadequate activation of the sympathetic nervous system plays a key role. In contrast to the parasympathetic, it releases energy, preparing the body for a fight or flight response. This activation is based on the production of adrenaline and norepinephrine, neurotransmitters that increase the rate of neural transmission. In some organic diseases, especially cardiological and endocrine diseases, excessive amounts of these substances are released into the blood, the balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic activation is disturbed. Psychomotor tension is beyond voluntary control. Attempts by patients to relax, calm down do not bring a positive result, or the effect does not last long, until the next release of neurotransmitters.
Symptoms of organic anxiety disorder
The clinical picture includes emotional, behavioral, and autonomic manifestations. The main symptom is affective tension. Patients cannot determine its cause; they complain of periodic or constant anxiety, a sense of danger, helplessness in front of an imaginary threat. Often, such symptoms are accompanied by insecurity, low self-esteem, problems concentrating and memorizing new material, absent-mindedness. In behavior, there is fussiness, restlessness, some disorientation in space, disorganization of activity. Movement is characterized by stiffness, constriction. Staggering is possible when walking, speech is accelerated.
Autonomic symptoms include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and a feeling of suffocation. Often there are pains and a feeling of tightness in the chest and / or abdomen, sweating, increased heart rate, dry mouth, nausea, diarrhea, weakness, dizziness, hot flashes, a feeling of "lump in the throat", intestinal cramps, discomfort in the area navel, tremors, insomnia. Symptoms can be panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. In the first case, anxiety grows periodically, usually before the clouding of consciousness, reaches the level of a panic attack. In the generalized version, patients experience constant moderate or mild tension.
Complications
Long-term organic anxiety leads to the formation of secondary symptoms - to an unstable fixation of the gaze, the development of a shoulder reaction, when, with any unexpected sound or the appearance of a stranger, the patient's shoulders rise. Attempts to relieve psychoemotional stress are accompanied by obsessive movements and actions: patients rub their hands, neck, sort through folds of clothes, bite their nails. The behavior becomes restrictive - patients prefer to stay at home, in a familiar environment, avoid communicating with strangers, walking along noisy streets.
Diagnostics
A psychiatrist is involved in the diagnosis of organic anxiety disorder. As a rule, patients are referred by physicians of a somatic profile - a neurologist, an endocrinologist, a cardiologist. Spontaneous conversion is less common, usually with dysfunctional disorders. Organic anxiety must be differentiated from neurotic and phobic disorders. Their key difference is the presence of psychological causes, stress in the absence of characteristic somatic symptoms. The survey plan includes the following procedures:
- Conversation. The psychiatrist collects anamnestic data, finds out the presence and follow-up of the underlying disease, the severity and duration of anxiety, and its nature. Assesses the patient's criticality, his ability to establish contact. Characterized by stinginess of utterances, the acceleration of the rate of speech, the desire to end the conversation.
- Observation. During the conversation, the psychologist and psychiatrist note the presence of increased anxiety, restlessness. In behavioral reactions, shyness, uncertainty, tightness, and sometimes tearfulness are determined.
- Psychological testing. Modified versions of MMPI (SMIL, MMIL, mini-cartoon), Taylor's Explicit Anxiety Scale, Spielberger Anxiety Questionnaire are used. Based on the results, the presence of anxiety and its type (personal, situational) is established. An organic disorder is characterized by persistent anxiety as a personality trait.
- Physical examination. In the absence of a basic diagnosis and suspicion of an organic base of anxiety, the psychiatrist refers the patient to a therapist, neurologist, cardiologist or endocrinologist. Doctors carry out complex diagnostics, including clinical, physical, instrumental and laboratory procedures.
Treatment for organic anxiety disorder
The main treatment is etiopathogenetic. It is aimed at eliminating the organic factor of anxiety, it is carried out by doctors of the relevant directions, it can include taking medications, surgery, physiotherapy. The psychiatrist provides symptomatic treatment. Benzodiazepine and other tranquilizers with anxiolytic action (diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, hydroxyzine) are used. In a severe course of the disorder, minimum doses of antipsychotics (clozapine, haloperidol) are prescribed at night, with severe depressive and obsessive symptoms, antidepressants (fluoxetine, amitriptyline) are indicated.
Forecast and prevention
The outcome of anxiety disorder of an organic nature depends on the success of the treatment of the underlying pathology. A favorable prognosis is most often observed in functional endocrine disorders (premenopausal, premenstrual syndrome). The worst amenable to therapy is anxiety with obsessive and depressive manifestations that occurs after encephalitis, meningitis, and other lesions of the central nervous system. Prevention is based on the timely diagnosis and treatment of the somatic disease that provoked the anxiety disorder. No specific preventive measures have been developed.
They began to talk about this disease more and more often. And this, psychologists are sure, is very correct, since it is mood disorders that are considered to be a disease of the 21st century, while we know almost nothing about them. This resource contains the most important information about bipolar disorder. What is it, how to avoid it and whether it is possible to cure bipolar disorder permanently.
What is bipolar disorder
Bipolar affective disorder (bipolar disorder, manic-depressive psychosis) is a mental disorder characterized by a change in manic and depressive states, mixed states, alternating euphoria and depression. Mood swings in people with bipolar disorder are more severe than those we experience every day. In between, most people can lead a normal life, but when symptoms worsen, it becomes almost impossible without professional help.
How does bipolar disorder manifest?
Usually, during a manic episode, the person with bipolar disorder does something atypical for themselves. So, he can spend money from all credit cards, quit his job on impulse or within a few days. The danger is heightened when it comes to sex, alcohol, drugs, or gambling, which can make it difficult for a person with a mood disorder to stop, which can have serious health consequences.
The manic episode is traditionally followed. At this time, a person carefully thinks over everything that he managed to accomplish during the "attack", and this, in turn, leads to self-flagellation, a feeling of hopelessness and despair. Most people with bipolar disorder spend these days in bed.
Bipolar Disorder: Causes
Although research data is scarce to date, some experts still suggest that bipolar disorder may be genetically determined. That is, the risk of bipolar disorder is higher in those people whose family members have suffered or are suffering from the disease.
However, stressful situations should be considered a more common cause of bipolar disorder. This can be a divorce or breakup, physical, sexual or emotional abuse, serious financial problems, or the death of a close family member. Symptoms of bipolar disorder are thought to arise from changes in the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain (specifically norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine).
How to recognize bipolar disorder
It is quite difficult to recognize BAR at the initial stage, so only a specialist can cope with it. During a manic phase, for example, a person with bipolar disorder can be cheerful and energize those around them. But over time, bipolar disorder progresses, and manic episodes become more extreme and unnatural.
Some people with bipolar disorder experience only mild mania but are mostly depressed. That is why they are often misdiagnosed as depressed.
Can bipolar disorder be cured?
Yes, bipolar is treatable, but this treatment involves more than taking pills. Once you have been formally diagnosed with bipolar disorder, you can and should take an active part in your own treatment.
First of all, share your thoughts with loved ones - a support system is extremely important for recovery. In addition, reconsider your lifestyle and try to build your routine in such a way that during the week you always have time for walks in the fresh air and doing what you love to do, be it reading, embroidering or drawing.
Sleepless nights, caffeine, and alcohol can all make a manic or depressive episode worse. Use schedules and reminders to help you eat healthier and minimize stress without making your brain work hard. And don't be afraid to go to a psychotherapist, believing that conduct disorder is a "contrived" disease.
Experts note that it is equally useful to study information about bipolar disorder on the Internet in order to have an idea not only about the features of the course of the disease, but also to get acquainted with the stories of those who successfully coped with the disorder. And then you will definitely succeed.
Upset stomach is very common nowadays. This process leads to disruption of the functioning of the entire digestive system. To prevent the occurrence of various diseases, it is necessary to identify and eliminate the cause in a timely manner.
An upset stomach can occur for a variety of reasons. Some people suffer from unpleasant symptoms due to quick snacks, others due to the presence of pre-existing stomach diseases in the form of:
- peptic ulcer disease;
- gastritis;
- increased acidity of the stomach.
If dyspeptic indigestion is observed, the reasons may be hidden in the following:
- taking medications that affect the flora of the intestinal tract;
- a sharp change in climatic conditions;
- prolonged fasting;
- decreased immune function;
- excessive intake of alcoholic beverages;
- frequent consumption of fatty, fried and salty foods;
- various mental disorders.
In some situations, a disorder of the digestive system can be observed spontaneously, while there are no diseases. This process is considered to be functional. Unpleasant sensations may occur due to overeating, intake of fermenting foods or drinks.
Women at the stage of gestation may experience discomfort due to the appearance of some factors in the form of:
- increased acidity of the stomach;
- food poisoning;
- lack of the correct diet;
- exacerbation of chronic diseases.
Medical measures in such cases should be carried out under the mandatory supervision of a doctor, since at this time any medications can harm the baby.
Indigestion symptoms
Dyspeptic symptoms have excellent symptoms. If a person has an upset stomach, symptoms will include the following:
- bloating;
- painful sensations of a different nature in the upper abdominal cavity;
- belching;
- nausea and vomiting;
- fast satiety while eating;
- burning sensation in the abdomen.
If the unpleasant symptoms do not disappear for a rather long time, then an urgent need to consult a doctor. In the absence of timely treatment, dyspepsia can lead to weight loss, general weakness, vomiting with an admixture of blood or feces. In such a situation, an urgent call for an ambulance is required and the patient is hospitalized.
By comparing various symptoms, the type of disorder can be identified. With fermentative dyspepsia, the patient will complain of rumbling in the abdomen, flatulence, diarrhea, and an unpleasant odor of feces. In childhood, vomiting may be added.
In the first months of life, the baby has a functional dysfunction of the stomach. Usually this process ends with regurgitation. This process is considered normal and takes place by five months. If regurgitation is profuse, then a doctor's consultation and appropriate treatment are required.
Diseases characterized by dyspeptic symptoms
If an upset stomach occurs, symptoms and treatment should be recognized as soon as possible. In the absence of timely therapy, the usual violation of the functionality of the digestive organs can lead to serious diseases:
Gastritis. The cause of this process can be the ingress and activation of a bacterial agent called Helicobacter pylori. It penetrates into the gastric mucosa and gradually begins to eat away at it. This disease is accompanied by heartburn, belching, loss of appetite, painful sensations even while eating.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease. This pathological process is characterized by the throwing of food from the stomach into the esophagus. Gastric juice adversely affects the mucous membrane, which leads to unpleasant symptoms in the form of heartburn, pain in the chest area.
Ulcerative lesions of the stomach and intestines. The cause is also a bacterial agent in the form of Helicobacter pylori. The disease is complicated by the fact that, in addition, gastric juice, intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and a general decrease in immune function are adversely affected by the mucous membrane. With this ailment, patients will complain of pain in the upper abdomen, pale skin, nausea and vomiting. If you do not start timely treatment, then ulcerative lesion of the organ can lead to perforation of the walls and the development of bleeding.
The aforementioned diseases are the most common and are accompanied by an upset stomach.
Treating an abdominal disorder
How to treat an upset stomach and intestines? Many patients who suffer from this ailment are interested in this question. When the first unpleasant symptoms appear, you need to urgently seek help from a specialist. Only an experienced doctor can determine the true cause and eliminate it.
If an upset stomach occurs, treatment involves a strict diet. With gastritis and ulcerative lesions, doctors advise against taking it for one or two days. On these days, you need to drink only purified water or rosehip broth. This will eliminate painful sensations and remove toxic substances from the body.
Gradually, you can enter cereals, low-fat soups and broths, vegetable salads, non-acidic fruits, green tea, cranberry or lingonberry juice. You can eat a little meat and fish dishes. But it is worth remembering that all food must be boiled or steamed.
You should eat slowly. In this case, you do not need to drink water. This process makes the stomach easier to work with. The portions should be small. It is better to eat often, but little by little. The diet includes fatty, fried, spicy, spicy and sour dishes. This will normalize the acidity of the stomach.
If you have an upset stomach, what should you do? With severe painful sensations, you can take an antispasmodic drug in the form of No-shpa or Drotaverin. To overcome frequent upset stomach and intestines will help drugs, which include enzymes. They are absolutely safe, and therefore can be used independently. This category of medicines includes Mezim, Creon, Festal.
If there is an upset stomach, diarrhea, then the gastroenterologist may prescribe the following drugs.
- Abomin. A medication that includes rennet. It is produced by the stomach of ruminants. The dosage is prescribed only by a doctor, since if taken incorrectly, diarrhea may worsen and nausea may appear.
- Vogalen. The necessary medication if the patient has abdominal upset accompanied by repeated vomiting. It is necessary to use the product before consuming food.
- Alpha amylase. The main ingredient is diastasis. This component leads to the normalization of digestion processes. This medication is considered to be very effective, but it must be combined with other medications.
- Omez. The main ingredient is omeprazole. This component allows you to quickly overcome the inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa. Great for treating gastritis. The medicine should be taken only after consulting a doctor and in a strict dosage, as it can cause side reactions.
With diarrhea, the patient loses a lot of nutrients. To replenish their composition, you need to take probiotics and prebiotics. They will saturate the body with beneficial bacteria and help stop the inflammatory process.
Since stomach upset often occurs due to the activation of the bacterial agent Helicobacter pylori, the doctor may prescribe the drug De-nol. The action of the drug is aimed at providing gastrocytoprotective and antimicrobial properties. When taking the medication, the mucous membrane and ulcers are covered with a film, due to which the wounds heal faster and are not negatively affected.
It is necessary to carry out a constant intake of De-nol for one to two months. In this case, you need to take the medicine four tablets a day. The capsules should be swallowed and not chewed. You can drink it with water or tea, but not milk.
In addition to De-nol, Phosphalugel is prescribed. The effect of the drug is to provide enveloping and adsorbing properties. Thanks to its active ingredients, all toxic substances are removed in the form of bacteria, viruses, poisons, gases.
Along with drug treatment and adherence to a strict diet, you need to think about leading a healthy lifestyle. It is worth giving up bad habits in the form of smoking and taking alcoholic beverages. Avoid snacks on the run, sodas and fast foods.
There are special exercises that can help prevent the appearance of dyspeptic symptoms. Physical activity during the acute period of the disease must be abandoned. In such situations, strict bed rest is generally required.
If gastritis or peptic ulcer disease is detected, constant monitoring of the attending physician is needed. Checkups should be done at least twice a year. These diseases are chronic in nature, and it is very difficult to cure them completely.
Stressful situations often become the cause of such phenomena. It is quite difficult to avoid them. But you can reduce their effect by using soothing infusions and decoctions.
When the first signs appear, you should consult a doctor and undergo an organism diagnosis.
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