Recurrent stomatitis in both a baby and an adult has an infectious-allergic form of manifestation, with periods of disappearance of symptoms until relapse. Often stomatitis is a secondary manifestation of a disease that is latent in the body. Why does the disease manifest itself and how to treat it correctly?
Viral sores on the oral mucosa tend to appear periodically, causing discomfort.
What is this disease?
Recurrent stomatitis is a disease of the oral mucosa when the tissues are affected by inflamed ulcers. It manifests itself in periods, with a temporary exacerbation of symptoms.
Why does it appear?
Most often, recurrent stomatitis manifests itself due to insufficient oral hygiene, however, there are more serious reasons:
- Injuries to mucous tissues that can result from mechanical damage. This can be solid food, poor quality prosthetics and other factors. Once the epithelium is injured, the disease can spread. Injuries can be caused as a result of chemical injury, the physical way - the use of hot foods and drinks, acidic foods, and other thermal damage.
- Poor-quality nutrition, which is defective, due to which there is a lack of vitamins, minerals and trace elements in the body.
- The disease can manifest itself against the background of nervous overstrain, stressful situations, disturbances in the daily routine and sleep.
- Reduced immunity, which occurs against the background of a chronic course of diseases.
- Allergic manifestation of a reaction to external food, medicinal and other irritants.
- Infectious diseases: ARVI, herpes, fungal infections, venereal disease, bacterial infection in the body (pneumonia, tuberculosis).
- When this type of ailment is common in the family, and if at least one of the parents is sick with it, then there is a high probability that the child will also suffer from recurrent stomatitis.
- The appearance of the disease as a result of changes in hormonal levels.
- With diseases of the digestive system (ulcer, chronic gastritis, violation of the intestinal microflora).
- Diseases of the endocrine system.
- Excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages, smoking.
Symptoms
There are general and local symptoms of recurrent stomatitis.
- General characterized by the presence of a feeling of weakness, an increase in body temperature, the patient is irritable, he has no appetite. If a crumbs have a second ailment, then he is constantly whiny, capricious, refuses to eat and drink.
- Local symptoms of recurrent stomatitis manifest themselves in this way:
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis
The reason that constantly causes this type of stomatitis is still unknown. Ulcers form on the oral cavity, which cause pain and do not go away for a long time. The disease often recurs, and the state of remission can last from 2 weeks to six months. Doctors suggest that the aphthous type of stomatitis occurs as a result of an allergic reaction to:
Herpes stomatitis is manifested as a result of a previous herpetic infection, which then remains in the body forever and tends to recur.
Features in adults
Most often, herpes stomatitis occurs on the basis of such factors:
- cooling the body;
- overheat;
- nervous tension, stress, sleep disturbances;
- transferred infectious diseases;
- lowered level of immunity;
- surgical intervention, as a result of which the protective functions of the body have decreased.
The incubation period of the disease lasts 5-10 days. An inflammation occurs on the oral mucosa, which begins to hurt. Further, on the inflamed areas, bubbles begin to appear, which burst and ulcers appear in their place. Over time, the ulcers become covered with healthy epithelium and disappear. Frequent depletes the human body, disrupts the immune system. Frequent herpes stomatitis is mild, when a relapse occurs no more than once every 12 months. With an exacerbation more than 3 times a year, the ailment has an average severity of the course. If stomatitis recurs 6 or more times a year, then this suggests that a person has a severe form of the disease.
Features in children
More than half of babies who have had herpes stomatitis have every chance that the disease will recur. Exacerbation of the disease most often occurs due to untimely treatment, from the state of the immune
A restless lifestyle in children can cause recurrence of stomatitis. th system, which in childhood has not yet been formed, and therefore frequent failures in its work may occur. Symptoms of herpetic stomatitis in the crumbs of preschool years are similar to those of older people, however, in younger patients, the disease is more pronounced and acute.
If a child has a rash on the oral mucosa, it is necessary to immediately show him to the doctor, since in this case it is important not to miss the onset of the disease, since with an advanced ailment there is a danger of a bacterial infection. The use of drugs should be prescribed only by the attending physician, self-medication in this case is inappropriate, since it is necessary to know the root cause of stomatitis, and for different etiologies, certain treatment is needed. Children under 5 years old require special medications and dosages.
Diagnostics
Diagnosing frequent stomatitis is not difficult for the dentist, since in the presence of characteristic symptoms, the ailment is easy to determine. However, in some cases, the doctor may send for additional examination:
- tests for the presence of a specific pathogen, if the doctor doubts the nature of the origin of stomatitis;
- when a bacterial infection is attached, smears are taken from the inflamed ulcers to determine their sensitivity to antibiotics and antiseptic drugs.
Stomatitis is a disease of the oral cavity that is accompanied by inflammation of the oral mucosa. It is the reaction of the immune system in response to a particular irritation. Most often, the disease is diagnosed in childhood. However, this does not mean that stomatitis cannot develop in adults.
Among the main reasons that can cause the development of stomatitis are:
Infectious lesion of the oral mucosa. It can be affected by viruses, bacteria or mycoplasma. In order for this pathogenic flora to begin to multiply actively and lead to the development of stomatitis, additional factors are required. If they are not there, then the opportunistic flora does not lead to the development of the disease.
Power supply errors. If a person does not receive vitamins and minerals along with food, this will lead to the development of stomatitis. In this regard, the deficiency of B vitamins, iron, folic acid and zinc is especially dangerous.
Received injuries of the oral cavity. The mucous membrane can be damaged by chemical, mechanical, thermal agents. People who have been injured most often point this out to a doctor, which makes it easier to diagnose stomatitis. The epithelium of the oral cavity can be damaged by hard food, nuts, crackers, dried fish. A chemical burn develops due to acids or alkalis entering the mouth. If the injuries are minor, then they go away on their own. However, when exposed to certain risk factors, a person develops stomatitis.
As it becomes clear, stomatitis manifests itself only if certain risk factors influence the human body.
These include:
Poor oral hygiene.
Eating dirty foods.
Poor hand hygiene before meals.
Incorrectly installed dentures. Low quality of such products.
Excessive oral hygiene, the use of toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulfate. This component leads to the fact that a person's production of saliva decreases. As a result, the epithelium of the oral cavity loses its main defense mechanism, begins to dry out, which becomes a favorable environment for the reproduction of bacteria.
Taking medications that reduce saliva production. In particular, it concerns diuretics.
Alcohol abuse.
Tobacco smoking.
The presence of chronic or acute diseases.
Often, it is thanks to stomatitis that it is possible to detect other diseases in a person that he had not previously suspected of.
So, inflammation of the oral mucosa can occur in cases such as:
Oncopathology. Cancer tumors can be found in the nasopharynx, in the neck.
Undergoing treatment for cancer.
Diseases of the digestive system:, infection with worms.
Deficiency of fluid in the body, which can occur after severe bleeding. Sometimes dehydration occurs against a background that persists in the patient for a long time.
Hormonal imbalance in the body. Stomatitis often becomes a companion of pregnant women, as well as female patients.
People who are HIV positive can suffer from severe stomatitis.
People with Sjogren's Syndrome.
Patients with bronchial asthma. They are more likely to develop the disease if they use hormonal aerosols for treatment.
Depending on what exactly caused the development of stomatitis, the type of disease will differ:
Bacterial stomatitis. The disease can be provoked by such permanent residents of the oropharyngeal tonsils, like. At first, small abscesses appear in a person's mouth. They quickly open up and transform into erosion and ulcerative defects.
Viral. Herpes simplex viruses or Epstein-Barr viruses can cause inflammation of the mouth. In a person, small vesicular rashes appear in the mouth, which are filled with transparent contents. If the stomatitis is complicated by a bacterial infection, then the liquid becomes cloudy. Then the bubbles burst, and in their place areas of erosion appear.
Mycotic. The disease develops due to the multiplication of fungal flora. It is often the result of prolonged use of antibiotics, or a pronounced decrease in immunity. In the mouth, fungi of the genus Candida begin to multiply, which is manifested by the formation of a white cheesy plaque, under which there will be an eroded mucous membrane of the oral cavity.
Ray. The disease develops due to the effect of ionizing radiation on the body. A person's mouth appears dense.
Chemical. The disease develops due to a burn of the oral mucosa. After the wounds heal, scars will remain in the mouth.
Stomatitis, regardless of its type, is always accompanied by an inflammatory process in the oral cavity. Unlike children, in adults, the disease is rarely accompanied by a high body temperature. It does not lead to a pronounced deterioration in well-being, although it does cause some discomfort.
The main manifestations of the disease include:
Redness of a specific area of the oral mucosa. It becomes edematous, gives off pain. These signs indicate that the disease is just beginning to develop.
A day later, an ulcer will appear at the site of inflammation, which may have the shape of an oval or circle. A reddish border forms around it, and a film is located in the center, which can have a yellowish or white color. These symptoms indicate that the person is developing a bacterial form of the disease.
The work of the salivary glands intensifies, an unpleasant odor begins to emanate from the mouth, and the gums may bleed.
The pain of stomatitis can be quite intense. Because of it, it will be difficult for a person to eat familiar food. The movements of the lips and tongue respond with pain.
If the disease has an acute course, then the body temperature rises to 39 ° C. Lymph nodes can grow in size.
Most often, ulcers are located on the lips from the inside, on the cheeks, on the palate and on the tonsils. Less often, the disease affects the tongue and the area under the tongue.
Sometimes a person develops catarrhal stomatitis. It is the result of poor oral hygiene. This disease has a mild course and disappears in a week. In this case, you need to treat your mouth with disinfecting compounds, eat right, removing spicy, salty, sour, hot and cold dishes from the menu.
If you cannot cope with the disease on your own, then you need to contact a doctor. A dentist or general practitioner can advise a person. With developing aphthous, herpetic or ulcerative stomatitis, an integrated approach is required.
Reducing pain
To cope with pain, you need to use drugs such as:
Hexoral tabs. The cost of the tablets is 160 rubles. They contain Benzocaine and Chlorhexidine, so the drug not only relieves pain, but also destroys pathogenic flora.
Catejel with Lidocaine. The drug is represented by a gel that is in a syringe. The cost of the drug is 170 rubles. The drug is used for severe pain. It contains not only lidocaine, but also Chlorhexidine.
Lidocaine Asept. A drug with a pronounced analgesic effect. Its cost is 300 rubles.
Lidochlor. It is a gel-like preparation that can relieve pain, kill pathogens and reduce inflammation. The effect occurs already 5 minutes after applying the gel to the sore spot.
You can also reduce pain with the help of juice or decoctions of medicinal herbs (, chamomile,).
To remove the inflammatory reaction, you need to destroy the harmful flora in the mouth as much as possible.
For this purpose, adult patients can use drugs such as:
Spray Ingalipt at a price of 80 rubles, Hexoral spray at a price of 170 rubles, Lugol spray at a price of 100 rubles, Vinilin gel at a price of 100 rubles.
Gel Holisal dental. Its cost is 190 rubles. The drug disinfects the oral cavity, reduces pain and relieves inflammation.
Kamistad at a price of 280 rubles. The drug is available in the form of a gel. It has a complex effect: it destroys microbes and anesthetizes the oral cavity.
Fees for inhalations: Ingafitol and Evkarom. Their composition is represented by chamomile flowers and eucalyptus leaves. The cost of each fee is 50 rubles.
Stomatidin in solution. It is a strong antiseptic that additionally numbes the area of application. The cost of the drug is 270 rubles.
Spray and aerosol Camenton at a price of 70 rubles.
Gel Actovegin, which must be used at the initial stage of the development of the disease.
Eucalyptus M. lozenges. The cost of the drug is 200 rubles.
Antihistamines, antifungal and antiviral drugs
If the stomatitis is caused by the herpes virus, then antiviral drugs will be required. When the disease is the result of the multiplication of fungal flora, it is necessary to use antifungal agents. Treatment of allergic stomatitis is carried out with antihistamines.
For the treatment of fungal stomatitis, drugs such as Miconazole, Levorin, Mycosan, Dactarin are used. You can apply Nystatin ointment.
To cope with a viral infection, you need to opt for such drugs as: Zovirax, Acyclovir. You can also use ointments (bonafton, tebrofen, interferon, oxolinic).
In case of allergic stomatitis, the doctor prescribes to the patient such drugs as: Tavegil, Suprastin, Loratadin, Claritin, Fenistil, Suprastin.
In order for the regeneration of the oral epithelium to occur as quickly as possible, you need to use drugs such as:
Sea buckthorn oil or rosehip oil. The first remedy costs 100 rubles, and the second one costs 70 rubles. Their application to the affected area allows you to create a barrier film and accelerate tissue healing.
Carotolin. This medication is an oily solution that is used for external use. It has antioxidant properties.
Dental paste Solcoseryl dental at a price of 380 rubles. This drug enhances tissue nutrition and stimulates regenerative processes.
Vinilin (Shostakovsky's balm). The drug allows you to cleanse ulcerative defects, accelerate the restoration of the epithelial layer, reduce inflammation and destroy pathogenic flora.
Spray propolis worth 140 rubles. The drug allows you to fight stomatitis of a viral and bacterial nature.
Lysobact is a universal remedy for all forms of stomatitis. This is the only drug that restores the protective function of lysozyme and thereby normalizes local immunity.
What to do with allergic stomatitis?
Allergy is one of the most common diseases in modern society. About 30% of the world's population suffers from it. A variety of substances can provoke an allergic reaction: pollen of plants, animal hair, food, medicines, etc. Allergic stomatitis can develop even after the installation of dentures.
To cope with the disease, you will need to isolate the allergen. Also, a person will need to take medications, including: Tavegil, Suprastin, Tsetrin, etc. Sometimes applications are made with antihistamines.
Among all viral stomatitis, it is herpetic inflammation of the oral cavity that comes first. More often than others, the disease is caused by the herpes simplex virus. More than 90% of people are carriers of it. A person meets with this virus in early childhood. For a long time, he may not show himself in anything.
If immunity decreases, which can occur for a number of reasons (emotional shock, hypothermia, chronic fatigue, illness) and at the same time the oral cavity is injured, then a person may manifest herpetic stomatitis. His favorite place of localization is the palate, cheeks and tongue.
Body temperature most often remains within normal limits. Bubbles filled with liquid appear in the mouth, then they burst, merge and form extensive erosion.
To cope with the disease, you will need to perform the following algorithm of actions:
Anesthetize the oral cavity. For this, drugs such as: Lidocaine Asept, Lidochlor, etc. can be used.
Relieve inflammation (drugs: Solcoseryl, Cholisal, rosehip oil, Carotolin, Kamistad).
Reduce tissue swelling (antihistamines).
Destroy the virus in the mouth (Oxolin, Acyclovir, Zovirax, Hyporamine, Viru Mertz, sea buckthorn extract).
Improve immunity (vitamin and mineral complexes, immunomodulators: Polyoxidonium, Immunal, Cycloferon).
Scientists believe that a variety of representatives of the pathogenic flora can provoke aphthous stomatitis: viruses and bacteria. Some experts are of the opinion that aphthous stomatitis develops due to the herpes virus, which is activated in the body with a decrease in immunity. From time to time, people may experience both single and multiple rashes on the cheeks and lips. They look like bubbles.
Aphthous stomatitis differs from ordinary herpes infection in that its main symptom is the formation of aphthae. They are represented by ulcerative defects, which are surrounded by a red rim. If after 2 weeks the ulcer does not heal, then the tissues of the oral cavity may undergo necrosis. Such a severe course of the disease indicates a pronounced decrease in immunity.
To cope with inflammation, you need to implement the following algorithm of actions:
Disinfect ulcers with boric acid and chamomile decoction. Take 4 g of boric acid in a glass of broth. Rinse the mouth with the resulting composition.
To kill bacteria, you can use hydrogen peroxide, which is diluted with water in equal proportions. Furacilin solution is also suitable for rinsing the mouth.
You can reduce inflammation using sea buckthorn or peach oil, using Kalanchoe juice.
To increase immunity in the area of inflammation, you can use drugs such as: Pyrogenal, Lysozyme, Prodigiosan.
You can improve immunity by taking B vitamins, riboflavin, folic and niacin.
Detoxification of the body is realized with the use of sodium thiosulfate. It is either given intravenously or taken orally.
Antihistamines and sedatives are used to treat aphthous stomatitis.
Physiotherapy methods allow faster coping with the disease: magnetotherapy, ultrasound treatment and UHF.
To accelerate tissue regeneration, it is necessary to avoid eating food that can irritate the oral mucosa.
It is imperative to find out what is the cause of aphthous stomatitis. All chronic foci of infection must be properly sanitized.
Reproduction of fungi of the genus Candida in the oral cavity occurs in people with reduced body defenses. This happens against the background of HIV infection or tuberculosis, during treatment with corticosteroid hormones.
First, a plaque appears on the mucous membrane of the mouth in patients, which resembles a curd mass. If you peel it off, then an inflamed mucous membrane will be visible under it. When there is no stomatitis therapy, the epithelium suffers greatly, erosion forms on it. In the corners of the patient's mouth, seizures and cracks appear. Eating will be painful.
To cope with fungal stomatitis, you need to undergo the following treatment:
Suppress fungal infection. To do this, use drugs such as: Fluconazole, Pimafucin, Nystatin, Lavorin, Irunin, Clotrimazole. These medicines must be prescribed by a doctor.
Disinfect the oral cavity. To do this, use Nystatin ointment, Miconazole gel, Levorin ointment.
Rinse your mouth with a borax solution (2-4%), treat areas of inflammation with a spray of Lugol or Iodinol.
Follow a sweets-restricted diet.
With candidal stomatitis, it is imperative to consult an endocrinologist and gastroenterologist.
Education: Moscow Medical Institute. IM Sechenov, specialty - "General Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational Diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".
Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth, lips or cheeks, which manifests itself as a result of a decrease in immunity under the influence of colds and other aggressive factors.
The disease seems to us to be an annoying minor ailment, but in fact stomatitis can manifest itself as a result of serious immunity disorders and systemic diseases.
Causes of stomatitis
There is no consensus on the causes of the disease, but the most common version is this:
As we know, when threatening signals (for example, unrecognized molecules) are received, immunity reacts by increasing the production of lymphocytes, which soldiers attack the source of danger.
So, if a potential focus of infection is formed on the mucous membrane (for example, as a result of injury), the immune system launches an attack of lymphocytes and an ulcer with whitish contents is formed in this place.
This happens if you accidentally bite your cheek. But this simple example does not exhaust the etiology of stomatitis.
Opportunistic bacteria in the mouth
The microflora of the oral mucosa throughout life contains conditionally pathogenic bacteria - streptococci, staphylococci, spirochetes and other microorganisms.
Such a “zoo” is normal for a healthy person. Imagine if the mouth was kept completely sterile. Firstly, it is technically difficult to ensure, and secondly, the accidental entry of one type of bacteria in this situation will lead to total reproduction in the absence of competition from other microorganisms.
Therefore, it is safer and easier for the body to maintain a dynamic balance (constancy) of the system, in which the antibacterial components of saliva inhibit the development of microflora, but do not destroy it.
A significant deviation from the usual, well-coordinated balance is perceived by the immune system as a danger, which provokes the need for the release of lymphocytes.
Factors that provoke stomatitis
The balance of microorganisms in the mouth can change as a result of:
- Decreased immunity (less antibacterial agents are produced and flora reproduces more actively);
- Injury - Accidental cheek biting, burns, or scratches;
- Reduced salivation as a result of overly careful hygiene;
- Taking medications that affect saliva production;
- Somatic (internal) diseases of the body also affect the composition of saliva and the activity of microflora.
- Insufficient cleaning of the oral cavity from food debris, and therefore the microflora multiplies more intensively.
Some toothpastes contain sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), which forms a copious foam when brushing, but also dehydrates the mucous membranes, increasing the risk of stomatitis. If you suffer from frequent stomatitis, pay attention to this component when buying hygiene products.
Types and classification of stomatitis
Recall that the formation of stomatitis is associated with the body's immune response to dangerous stimuli. The types of stomatitis by etiology are just determined by a specific irritant.
Types of stomatitis by etiology:
- Infectious;
- Allergic;
- Traumatic;
- Symptomatic.
Infectious stomatitis is divided into viral, bacterial and fungal.
A common example of a viral species is herpetic stomatitis.
Chronic herpetic stomatitis
A subspecies of stomatitis is caused by the activation of the herpes virus, or the Epstein-Barr virus, the presence of which is assumed on average in 90% of the population. Favorite places of localization of herpetic stomatitis: cheeks, lips, palate, tongue.
A characteristic feature is the formation of bubbles on the surface of the mucous membrane containing a clear liquid and combined into groups. The sites of inflammation are very painful. Relapses of herpetic stomatitis can be accompanied by an increase in body temperature and general malaise.
Photos of herpetic stomatitis
Allergic stomatitis
This is a local manifestation of allergy in the oral cavity. Substances that enter the body are recognized by the immune system as permissible or dangerous.
In some cases, the immune system reacts to harmless molecules (for example, plant pollen) as if it were dealing with a harmful virus - it produces antibodies. Antibodies attack target cells and also trigger the release of histamine and destroy their own healthy cells. Histamine causes smooth muscle spasms, burning, swelling, and redness of tissues.
Toxic prosthetic stomatitis
On the oral mucosa, allergic stomatitis can be caused by substances that are part of fillings, dentures and drugs. Treatment of allergic stomatitis is most often prescribed on the basis of antihistamines that reduce the sensitivity of the body. A type of allergic stomatitis is aphthous stomatitis.
Stomatitis symptoms
According to the type of course and symptoms, catarrhal, ulcerative and aphthous stomatitis are distinguished.
Chronic aphthous stomatitis
Differs in the formation of purulent aphthae - ulcers on the surface of the mucous membrane up to 1 cm in diameter. Aphthae are localized on the lips, cheeks, tongue. The average duration of the full circle of the disease is 8-10 days.
Catarrhal stomatitis
Typical symptoms:
- the oral cavity swells, soreness and hyperemia appear (externally manifests itself as redness).
- there is increased salivation (hypersalivation);
- additional signs - bleeding gums, bad breath.
Ulcerative stomatitis
The symptoms of ulcerative stomatitis at the initial stage are similar to catarrhal stomatitis, but later they become more severe.
The disease is accompanied by deep necrosis (destruction of cells) throughout the entire thickness of the mucous membrane. Additional symptoms are inflammation of the lymph nodes and a slight increase in temperature.
Unlike the aphthous form, cell damage and decay is not punctate, but can form extensive areas covered with a light bloom.
Features of stomatitis in children
If the child is capricious and refuses food, it is not superfluous to make sure that there is no stomatitis. To do this, pull your lower lip slightly and check for inflammation and white spots in your mouth.
It is characteristic that a day before the formation of ulcers, the child's tongue is sprinkled with small bubbles (the so-called geographic tongue).
Correlation of the type of stomatitis and the age of the child:
- babies under one year old are more susceptible to candidal stomatitis;
- for babies from one to three years old, there is a high risk of Bednar's aphthous stomatitis;
- school-age children are more likely to suffer from aphthous and allergic stomatitis.
Stomatitis treatment
Anesthesia
Inflammations on the mucous membrane are quite painful, so the patient's condition is greatly relieved by anesthetics. The effect of pain pills, lozenges, ointments and sprays is based on the main modern anesthetics: anesthesin, dicaine, promecaine, lidocaine.
Anestezin is part of Hexoral-Tabs lozenges. On the basis of lidocaine with the addition of pharmacy chamomile, Kamistad gel is used, which is used to relieve pain symptoms. Another drug with this anesthetic is Lidocaine Asept.
Antimicrobial therapy
To reduce the foci of inflammation, the treatment of aft with local antiseptic drugs is indicated - pharmacy chamomile, a weak solution of hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine or furacilin.
In the early days, Miramistin and Cholisal gel are also suitable for processing.
Gels can be applied with a cotton swab several times a day, after drying the affected area with a gauze swab.
Antiviral, antifungal, and antihistamines
The medicinal product is chosen by the doctor on the basis of the specified diagnosis. Popular antihistamines for the treatment of allergic stomatitis: Tavegil, Suprastin, Claritin.
Means for the treatment of herpetic stomatitis:
- Famciclovir - targets the herpes virus and cytomegalovirus. The drug has a strong effect, the therapeutic effect is noticeable already within the first day of use.
- Valacyclovir - acts directly on the DNA of the virus, causing its destruction. The result of application is noticeable in 1-2 hours after the first dose.
- Acyclovir is ineffective against most strains of the virus, many times cheaper than the two previous drugs.
Prices for stomatitis treatment
Stomatitis treatment will cost from 150 rubles in public clinics from 500 rubles in private dentistry. A consultation with a periodontist in most clinics is free of charge.
Treatment with folk remedies
Ointments
Ointment forms of the release of drugs for stomatitis are not effective, since the ointment "rolls" from the oral mucosa without providing a therapeutic effect. Acyclovir is used for herpes stomatitis, but only in the form of a gel, not an ointment.
Vinylin
Another name for the drug is Shostakovsky's balm. Vinilin has an antiseptic and wound healing effect and is suitable for the treatment of aphthous stomatitis. Given its low toxicity, it can be used in children. Choose an aerosol dosage form.
Solcoseryl
In case of ulcerative lesions of the mucous membrane, the use of Solcoseryl-gel and Actovegin-gel is justified as an additional means to accelerate tissue regeneration. For the same purposes, dentists use Methyluracil, but this drug has contraindications, so it is better to consult a doctor.
Holisal
Dentists often prescribe this particular remedy for stomatitis. Gel Cholisal has a pronounced antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, is well absorbed by the mucous membrane and has an analgesic effect. The disadvantage of the gel is the taste of anise oil, which increases salivation.
For minor forms, you can get by with home remedies for stomatitis. But if the condition does not improve, seek professional medical help from the best dentists in the city - the rating is on our website.
The manifestation of a disease such as stomatitis is characterized by damage to the mucous membrane of the mouth, lips, cheeks, tongue from the inside. The disease occurs on its own, or as a complication after influenza, ARVI, and may be the result of various infections. The disease is often confused with diseases of the tongue - glossitis, lips - cheilitis, gums - gingivitis.
Adult patients are worried about the question of what causes stomatitis in the mouth and how to recover from it faster? Since this disease often occurs in childhood. There can be many reasons for inflammation in the oral cavity.
Experts note that there is no single factor that would determine the onset of the disease. During the development of the disease, bacteria and viruses are almost always present, especially in the area of ulcerative formations on the mucous membrane.
Adult stomatitis
It is known that microflora of various origins is present in the oral cavity, and under strong influence, streptococci, fungi, and other microorganisms begin to mutually influence. Saliva provides a certain constancy of microorganisms with antibacterial substances in the oral cavity, protecting them from external influences. If the imbalance is disturbed, then inflammatory processes occur, leading to the development of stomatitis.
WITH the accompanying causes of stomatitis in adults are considered to be:
- mucosal injuries resulting from intensive brushing of teeth, as well as the consumption of rough food;
- reduced immunity due to a lack of vitamins, chronic diseases, colds, consequences of serious diseases of oncology, HIV, anemia;
- the use of unwashed products with dirty hands and the result of another ingress of harmful microorganisms into the oral cavity;
- stressful conditions leading to a decrease in immunity;
- excellent conditions for the reproduction of bacteria, thanks to caries, dental plaque, poor-quality installation of prosthetic structures;
- taking antibiotics, as well as uncontrolled consumption of drugs that have a qualitative and quantitative effect on the composition of saliva;
- changes in hormonal levels in women during menopause, as well as in adolescents during puberty;
- dehydration of the body for a long time with diarrhea, blood loss, vomiting, and other disorders;
- diseases such as gastritis, pancreatitis, viruses, allergic manifestations;
- Autoimmune system disorders.
To answer the question of why stomatitis appears in adults, as well as determine the causes of its occurrence, you should know the symptoms of its manifestation.
Symptoms
The inflammatory period can last from two to fourteen days.
Stomatitis is manifested by single or multiple ulcers in the oral cavity, on the surface of the lips from the inside, tongue, cheeks, palatine part. An allergic disease can occur without ulcerative formations, but only with reddening of the mucous membrane. Pain, burning sensation may also occur, and then increase in volume with the further appearance of round or oval ulcers. In the central part, the ulcer is covered with a bloom of white or gray, and red along the edges. Sores can hurt when you touch and chew.
In adults, the course of the disease often proceeds without noticeable changes, but at times weakness is felt, an increase in temperature is noted, and nodes may increase.
The inflammatory period can last from two to fourteen days. After effective treatment, ulcerative formations do not leave traces.
Types and forms of manifestation
There are several types of causes of stomatitis in adults in the mouth, in particular:
- catarrhal stomatitis considered a mild manifestation of an allergic reaction. At the same time, patients have itching, burning in the mouth, pain when eating, desiccation, and impaired taste. Changes can occur due to internal lesions, as during mechanical damage, light bleeding occurs. In general, the general condition of the patient is not disturbed;
- erosive form accompanied by pain, their intensification when talking, eating. The area of the tongue, lips, gums is prone to swelling, redness, bubbles with a transparent liquid inside can form. Single erosion can coalesce to form large surfaces. Bleeding may occur with slight pressure. At the same time, weak salivation, perspiration in the pharynx, actual pathological changes in the oral mucosa are noted.
- aphthous develops under the influence of herpesvirus infection. This form is dangerous in that with the active development of herpes, you can get infected from the patient by airborne droplets. At the initial stage, signs of manifestation are considered weakness, irritability, fever, an increase in lymph nodes under the lower jaw. Redness with puffiness appears during an elevated temperature, bubbles form, lips are dry, cracked, salivation increases;
- bacterial type characterized by infection on the mucous membrane due to injuries in the mouth;
- allergic aphthous form- the causes of stomatitis in adults are considered to be an allergic reaction to various types of allergens, as well as the effect of materials from prostheses, or their incorrect installation. This eliminates the signs of the underlying pathology.
- fungal form the disease is indicated by thrush. What causes such stomatitis, what are its causes and treatment? This is a Candida fungus, and therapy is aimed at eliminating candidiasis. Children are more often exposed to this form, since there is not a sufficient amount of acidic substance in their saliva, which resists bacterial effects.
Various types can manifest themselves in acute and chronic forms. Ulcerative formations can be single, multiple. Chronic forms may include allergic diseases, diseases of the intestines, stomach, reduced immunity.
Having determined the cause of stomatitis in adults, specialists draw up a treatment regimen individually, depending on the stage of development and manifestations.
Diagnosis and therapy
Candidal stomatitis (thrush)
Diagnosis is carried out with the study of medical indications in the patient's card, previous illnesses, and visual examination of the oral cavity. Currently, there are no medical tests that can detect stomatitis. The main symptom is ulcers by type, location, frequency of occurrence. There are no pronounced symptoms, the tissue around the ulcers is not damaged, which makes it possible to determine the main diagnosis. Treatment is carried out by several methods, both local and general, with the definition of a specific form, characteristics.
The focus is on a diet that does not contain aggressive foods.
Rinsing, antibiotics, antihistamines, hormones are prescribed. At the same time, salty, spicy, sour, sweet foods, coffee, hot food, solid meat are not consumed. Doctors recommend eating pureed food, soups, vegetable and fruit puree. A large amount of vitamins are included in the diet, which will allow the patient to recover sooner and heal ulcers. First of all, you need to contact your dentist for medical help., who in the future, based on the patient's condition, will prescribe treatment, or additional examination by narrow-profile specialists.
Traditional medicine recipes
After visiting a dentist or another doctor, establishing an accurate diagnosis, identifying the causes of stomatitis in adults, treatment includes the appointment of drugs that allow you to quickly get rid of the disease.
It is necessary to carry out regular rinses throughout the day several times with clean water. Propolis tincture effectively helps to fight stomatitis in the initial stage of development.
Gargling with a decoction of chamomile is a folk remedy for stomatitis
To reduce the pain of the mucous membrane, rinsing is carried out with a solution of hydrogen peroxide, where it is enough to dilute one teaspoon with half a glass of water. You can chew or lubricate the mouth in the area of ulcers with leaves of medicinal plants, such as aloe, kalanchoe... The areas affected by stomatitis are pre-washed with hydrogen peroxide, dried, and then you can drip onto them with a pipette propolis and dry until film formation. Also, medicinal plants such as chamomile, St. John's wort and others, which are sold in pharmacies in the form of solutions or fees, are excellent. Doctors often suggest the most effective recipes for folk remedies.
In conclusion, it is considered an important point to identify the causes of stomatitis, of which there can be many, for which it is necessary to visit the dentist. Self-treatment without the help of a doctor is not recommended.
Few people know what stomatitis is from and what kind of pathology it is, although the disease appears in about 4 of the entire population of the planet.
The disease is characterized by the accumulation of plaque and ulcers in the oral cavity, it often appears in children, but it can be in an adult. Stomatitis has many types, so the causes and symptoms of the disease will be different.
Stomatitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the oral mucosa and affects the tongue, palate, cheeks and lips. In rare cases, symptoms of the disease appear under the tongue.
In medicine, there are several other diseases that have similar symptoms, among them are:
- Glossitis - affects only the tongue.
- Cheilitis - the mucous membrane of the lips is affected.
- Palatinitis.
Based on the type of stomatitis, it can be contagious and not contagious. As a rule, the diagnosis is carried out according to the characteristic symptoms, palpation of the lymph nodes and visual examination of the oral cavity.
It should be noted that there are no special tests and research methods for determining stomatitis yet.
Stomatitis can develop as an independent pathology, but in some cases it is the cause of other chronic diseases and inflammation in the body.
Main reasons
There are quite a few main reasons for stomatitis. Based on provoking factors, the types of pathology change.
There can be several reasons at once, which causes moderate or severe severity. The main ones are:
- Incorrectly selected toothpastes. The composition often contains sodium lauryl sulfate, which can lead to the frequent development of stomatitis, due to dehydration of the oral mucosa. When the mucous membrane dries up, the body is exposed to irritants and causative agents of stomatitis.
- Mechanical damage to the mucous membrane. If you bite, burn or cut the tissues of the mouth, then pathogenic bacteria will burn through the wound, stomatitis begins to appear after a couple of days.
- Stress and emotional stress.
- Unbalanced diet. If the diet is low in vitamins and minerals, then there are high risks of stomatitis. Most often, the disease is caused by a lack of folic acid, iron, zinc and B vitamins.
- Allergy. If a person has an individual intolerance to certain foods, medications and other substances, then the cause can cause stomatitis in the mouth. Medical research can determine the exact type of allergen.
- Hormonal disruptions. A common cause in women, therefore, stomatitis in the oral cavity can be during the menstrual cycle or pregnancy.
- Genetic predisposition. If the parents were often exposed to the disease, then after the birth of a child, the likelihood of developing stomatitis increases several times.
- Bacteria. Plaque and wounds on the mucous membrane can appear in the presence of pathogenic bacteria. In some cases, the bacterium itself may not be the main cause of stomatitis, but significantly aggravates the course of the pathology.
- Diseases. In the presence of chronic diseases, stomatitis in the mouth often develops. With frequent mucosal lesions, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination to determine the true cause.
- Side effects after chemotherapy.
- Cigarette and alcohol abuse.
- Severe dehydration of the body.
- Poor hand and oral hygiene.
- Dentures, fillings and other means for restoring the dentition of poor quality or poor qualification of the dentist performing the work.
- Malfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract, heart.
- Weak immune system.
- Oncological diseases.
- Anemia.
- Long-term treatment with medicines that irritate the mucous membrane.
Based on the reason, the types of stomatitis can be different, so the treatment regimen is always different. In addition, there are general symptoms of the disease and signs that are characteristic of a particular type of disease.
The main symptoms
Determining the development of stomatitis in the early stages is not difficult even for a person without medical education.
To do this, you just need to monitor the state of the oral cavity, and with the development of inflammation, reddening of the mucous membrane begins.
In a short time, it swells, pain appears, which is difficult to miss. At this time, it is time to take measures for treatment, so the doctor's diagnosis cannot be postponed.
If you do not start timely therapy, then ulcers of various types and colors are formed, which are closed with a bloom of yellow, white or gray. Ulcers lead to severe pain, people cannot communicate and eat normally. When food comes into contact with wounds, the pain increases.
If stomatitis is mild, then there will be single small wounds on the oral mucosa.
The situation is more complicated with numerous formations in the mouth, which is typical for a severe form of the disease.
The main symptoms include:
- Swollen lymph nodes due to the inflammatory process.
- Temperature rise.
- General malaise, headaches, decreased taste and loss of appetite.
- Increased salivation.
- Nervousness.
- Possible attacks of nausea and vomiting after a meal.
These are only the main signs of the disease that need to be diagnosed and treated.
For each subspecies of stomatitis, there are separate symptoms and the nature of the manifestation of the disease.
Types of stomatitis
In medicine, several types of stomatitis are distinguished, which pass and are treated easily, and some are considered severe, can last for a long time, causing discomfort to the patient.
Catarrhal
This subspecies is often found in medical practice, characterized by swelling of the mucous membrane, pain in the mouth.
With catarrhal stomatitis, the area of the oral cavity is covered with a white or yellow coating, and saliva production increases.
In some cases, a strong breath develops and the gums bleed. Main reasons:
- Poor oral hygiene.
- Caries, calculus on the teeth.
- Oral candidiasis.
Catarrhal stomatitis can appear due to infection of the intestines with helminths or a disturbed gastrointestinal tract.
Ulcerative
A complex form of stomatitis, more serious than a catarrhal form. Pathology appears on its own or as a result of catarrhal complications.
The risk group includes people who have stomach ulcers, enteritis in the chronic phase, severe poisoning or heart disease.
The disease is characterized by a lesion of the entire oral mucosa, in patients the temperature rises to 37.5 degrees, weakness in the body and headaches begin. Lymph nodes increase significantly, appetite decreases due to pain.
Aphthous
Aphthous stomatitis is often caused by:
- Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
- Allergy.
- Infection of the body with viruses.
- Rheumatism.
- Hereditary predisposition.
It is possible to determine the development of the disease by the presence of small ulcers up to 5 mm, which can be in the plural or singular, and they are closed with a bloom, which has smooth edges and red borders.
In addition, a person feels a worsening of his condition, pains in the mouth appear, and the temperature rises.
Aphthous stomatitis occurs in an acute or chronic phase, which may have periods of relapse.
Candidiasis
Fungal form of the disease, often develops in small children and elderly patients. It appears due to the activation of Candida fungi, as a result of a weak immune system, prolonged antibiotic treatment, or as a result of other pathologies in a chronic form.
The main symptoms of candidal stomatitis:
- Burning in the mouth and larynx.
- Plaque on the mucous membrane.
- Bleeding gums.
- Taste in the mouth, loss of taste.
This type of stomatitis is contagious and can be transmitted through unprotected sex or household items.
Herpes
Stomatitis occurs at any age, it is caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1. The main signs of the disease:
- The presence of bubbles in the oral cavity in a small congestion in mild form and multiple lesions in severe cases.
- Swelling and inflammation of the mucous membrane.
- Severe salivation.
- General malaise.
- Temperature rise.
- Swollen lymph nodes.
- Burning and pain during meals.
When you get infected with the herpes virus, stomatitis can be treated, but the virus itself remains forever, so there are risks of relapse.
Treatment
Treatment of stomatitis, based on its type, is carried out with medication or folk remedies. They help to remove the main symptoms of the disease, relieve inflammation and accelerate wound healing.
Before using any remedy for stomatitis, you must obtain permission from a doctor to use a specific drug. This eliminates negative consequences.
Fixed assets for treatment:
- Anesthetics. With stomatitis, wounds in the mouth often hurt and prevent the patient from eating and talking normally. To relieve pain, anesthetics are used: benzocaine, lidocaine, trimecaine, aloe juice. There are similar substances in some toothpastes, after using them, the ulcers are covered with a film and the pain disappears. It is necessary to use drugs strictly according to the instructions or recommendations of the doctor, the course of treatment is no more than 10 days.
- Cleansing medicines. Plaque in the mouth, which closes the wounds, does not allow them to heal quickly, so the tissues need to be constantly cleaned, peroxide gives good results, using it to remove plaque 2-3 times a day.
- Antibacterial agents. Medicines are used to prevent re-infection with bacteria and to kill existing ones. It is recommended to use Metrogyl-denta and other products. In addition, the medicine reduces pain, accelerates tissue regeneration. Chlorhexidine can be used as a rinse for children and adults. Rinse your mouth 3 times a day.
- Antiviral medicines. It is recommended to use medication for aphthous stomatitis. For treatment, Oxolinic ointment, Interferon or Bonafton are prescribed in the form of ointments. They are applied to damaged tissues 2-3 times a day.
- Wound healing agents. Medicines are aimed at accelerating wound healing, applied directly to the affected tissue, after which a protective film is created that does not allow the wounds to become irritated. Treatment is carried out with gels, rinses. To quickly restore the mucous membrane, you can use sea buckthorn, rosehip oils, Vinilin, Carotolin preparations.
- Herbal remedies. Traditional medicine recipes are often used to treat children. For this, doctors advise preparing infusions based on sage, chamomile or calendula. With the help of a liquid, rinse, wipe the mouth in small children. They easily eliminate pain, inflammation and accelerate tissue regeneration.
During treatment, it is imperative to take measures to strengthen the immune system. Doctors recommend taking Imudon for stomatitis.
To strengthen and stimulate the system, multivitamins are shown, which include group B and vitamin C.
Prophylaxis
To prevent the development of stomatitis of any kind, it is important to adhere to simple preventive rules:
- Try not to damage the mucous membrane; in case of broken teeth or fillings with sharp edges, it is necessary to eliminate the problem so as not to cut or irritate the mucous membrane.
- Monitor hand and oral hygiene. Brush your teeth 2 times a day, use mouthwash after meals. Avoid toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulfate, and mouthwash should be alcohol-free.
- Eliminate allergens from the diet to reduce the risks of contracting stomatitis.
- Use a balanced diet, which will contain a sufficient amount of vitamins and nutrients. Additionally, you can use multivitamins.
- Avoid foods and drinks that can irritate the mouth and provoke pain. We must give up solid foods, sour, spicy and salty.
- Do not be exposed to stressful situations.
By following simple rules, you can forget about stomatitis. If you suspect the development of the disease, you should immediately consult a doctor and not postpone the diagnosis, treatment of pathology, especially in children.
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