Summary of Khor and Kalinich
At the beginning of the story, the author notes the difference between the appearance and life of the men of the Oryol and Kaluga provinces. So, for example, the Oryol peasant is short, stooped and gloomy, always looks from under his brows, lives in dirty aspen huts, does not engage in trade, walks in bast shoes, attends corvee labor. The Kaluga quitrent, on the contrary, is tall, lives in a spacious pine hut, looks boldly, is cheerful and bright-faced, puts on boots on holidays, and is engaged in trade. While the Orlovskaya village is adjacent to a ravine turned into a muddy pond, the Kaluga village is mostly surrounded by forest, making it more suitable for a hunter.
While hunting in the Zhizdra district of the Kaluga province, the narrator met a landowner - Polutykin. Despite all his eccentricities, Polutykin turned out to be an avid hunter and a hospitable person. On the very first day, he invited the author to his estate. Since before the estate there was long road, he suggested making a stop with one of his men - Khorya. Khorya was not at home, but his son Fyodor, tall and handsome guy, who led the guests into the house. It was a manor made of several pine logs in a spacious forest clearing. The hut was surprisingly clean: no cockroaches, no Prussians. The furniture had everything you needed and nothing extra. A lamp glowed in front of the image, the table was scraped and washed clean. Guests were offered kvass, wheat bread and a dozen pickles. Soon other sons of Khor appeared - six heroes of different ages, Very similar friends on a friend. Without waiting for the owner himself, the guests went to the master's house.
Over dinner, the narrator asked Polutykin why Khor lived separately from other men. He replied that Khor is a smart man. Many years ago, his house in the village burned down, and he came to Polutykin’s father for help. He moved him to the forest for a good rent. If at first Khor paid 50 rubles, then as he became rich, he began to pay 100 rubles. The owner offered to pay him off, but he refuses, complaining about the lack of money. The next day, the hunters went into the forest again, but first they stopped at Kalinich’s low hut. He was a thin and tall man of about forty with a good-natured, dark face that was inviting. He had a cheerful and gentle disposition. Every day I went hunting with the master. Everyone in the area loved him and spoke of him as a kind person.
At noon, when it became very hot, Kalinich took the guests to the very depths of the forest to his apiary and treated them to fresh honey there. It was obvious that he treats his master well, loves to serve him, but does it without servility. After eating honey, everyone lay down to rest on fresh hay in the hut, hung with bunches of dry fragrant herbs. Waking up, the narrator saw Kalinich carving a spoon. At the same time, he loved to sing in a low voice and look in all directions, admiring nature.
The next day, when Polutykin left for the city on business, the narrator himself went hunting, and then looked at Khor. This time Khor would be home. He was a short, bald man with broad shoulders and a curly beard. In a conversation with him, it was noticeable that he was a man on his own. He spoke slowly and with feeling self-esteem. The narrator stayed overnight in the hay barn, and the next morning Fedya woke him up. It was clear that he was old Khor's favorite. At breakfast I asked why all the children except Fedya were married and still lived with him. He replied that they themselves wanted it that way. Suddenly Kalinich came into the hut. He brought a bunch of wild strawberries for his friend Khor, which was atypical.
Three next days The narrator spent time visiting Khor. He watched with pleasure his new acquaintances, and they, in turn, treated him kindly. Khor and Kalinich, although good friends, were so different from each other. Khor was a rational and practical man, while Kalinich was a dreamer and idealist. Khor understood reality: he settled down, created a large family, saved money, took care of the house, and at the same time got along well with the owner and other authorities. But Kalinich walked in bast shoes, got by somehow, once had a wife, whom he was afraid of, had no children at all, did not have time to take care of the housework, since he went hunting with the owner every day. While Khor saw right through the master, Kalinich was in awe of him. Khor was a man of few words and had his own mind, but Kalinich loved to chat and explained himself eagerly.
At the same time, Khor loved Kalinich and provided him with protection. Kalinich also loved and respected Khor. Kalinich also had advantages that Khor did not have, and he admitted this. For example, Kalinich was “closer to nature.” He could charm blood, cure fear, and tame bees. And Khor was “closer to society.” He saw a lot, understood a lot. He asked the narrator with curiosity about foreign countries, about administrative and state affairs. Kalinich was more interested in describing cities and nature. On the fourth day, Polutykin sent for the narrator, and he was sorry to part with his new friends.
To anyone who has been to both the Oryol and Kaluga provinces, the difference between their peasants is obvious. The Oryol peasant lives poorly and joylessly, wears bast shoes, lives in a low hut, does not engage in trade, looks gloomy and stooped - in accordance with his lifestyle. The Kaluga quitrent man looks cheerful and cheerful, is well-groomed, wears boots on holidays, and lives in a pine hut. And nature itself reflects this difference between the provinces. Kaluga is much richer in forests, fertile soil and birds.
In Zhizdrinsky district main character-the narrator meets the landowner Polutykin - very strange, but a good man. They share a passion for hunting. One day, during a hunt, Prolutykin invited his companion to visit his peasant Khor. They were greeted by a handsome twenty-year-old guy. But not Khor himself, but his son Fedya. Soon his many other children arrived.
The hunters, having talked a little with Fedya, drove on, and on the way Polutykin said that it was no coincidence that Khor lived separately from all the other peasants. He himself asked to be allowed to live in the swamp, and in return promised his master 50 rubles a year. Having settled in this way, he became rich because he was smart and hard-working. And the amount of rent increased over the year.
The next day, the hunters had the opportunity to see another peasant who lived in a low hut. His name was Kalinich. He often helped his master during the hunt, and this time he invited him and his friend to his apiary. There he collected for his guests fresh honey, brought them spring water, and to the steady hum of bees and the whisper of leaves, the satisfied travelers fell asleep.
After a while, the main character woke up and saw that Kalinich was carving a spoon out of wood, sitting on the threshold of the house. His good natured and calm face the narrator liked it. Later, in a conversation with Polutykin, he learned that Kalinich was indeed a kind man, helpful and diligent in running the household. But due to his constant participation in hunting with his master, he cannot run his house as expected.
The next day the main character went hunting alone. On the way, he looked at Khor and saw him for the first time - a large, confident man who looked like Socrates. They started talking. Khor answered his interlocutor politely, but evasively. He said that he was ready to continue paying his rent to his master and did not want to pay off. The narrator thought that Khor was a man of his own mind. However, he stayed with him for the night. The next day, Kalinich came to see Khor. In his hands was a bunch of strawberries. This touched the hunter and surprised him a lot. He was so interested in communicating with his new acquaintances that he stayed at Khor’s for another three days. And all this time they talked a lot. Khor told the hunter many stories of cunning and self-interest among the local peasants. He talked about his affairs, from which his interlocutor concluded that Khor was a strong business executive, a man of an administrative mindset. Kalinich was his complete opposite - lyrical, attached to nature, everything living and beautiful. He knew how to read and write, but Khor did not.
When Khor began asking the hunter about where he had been in his life and what he had seen, Kalinich responded most joyfully to descriptions of architecture and nature different cities and countries. Khor, on the contrary, was interested only in those episodes that spoke about the organization of life different nations, their life. He laughed at something, dismissed something as alien to the Russian people, and took note of something. From all this, the hunter made an unexpected conclusion for himself that Peter I was a truly Russian man, who organically took for the reconstruction of Russia exactly what could be useful to the country.
The hunter watched his peasant friends even when they were busy doing housework, when Kalinich played the balalaika, and Khor sang. And he became so attached to them that he didn’t even want to part when people from Mr. Polutykin were sent for him. Kalinich saw him off, they parted like soul buddies.
- “Khor and Kalinich”, analysis of Turgenev’s story
- “Fathers and Sons”, a summary of the chapters of Turgenev’s novel
- “Fathers and Sons”, analysis of the novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev
KHOR AND KALINYCH
Anyone who happened to move from the Bolkhov district to Zhizdrinsky was probably struck by the sharp difference between the breed of people in the Oryol province and the Kaluga breed. The Oryol peasant is short, stooped, gloomy, looks from under his brows, lives in crappy aspen huts, goes to corvée, does not engage in trade, eats poorly, wears bast shoes; Kaluga obrok peasant lives in spacious pine huts, is tall, looks bold and cheerful, has a clean and white face, sells oil and tar, and wears boots on holidays. The Oryol village (we are talking about the eastern part of the Oryol province) is usually located among plowed fields, near a ravine, somehow turned into a dirty pond. Apart from a few willow trees, always ready to serve, and two or three skinny birches, you won’t see a tree for a mile around; hut is stuck to hut, the roofs are covered with rotten straw... Kaluga village, on the contrary, for the most part surrounded by forest; the huts stand freer and straighter, covered with planks; the gates are tightly locked, the fence in the backyard is not scattered and has not fallen out, it does not invite every passing pig to visit... And it is better for the hunter in the Kaluga province. In the Oryol province, the last forests and areas will disappear in five years, and there are no traces of swamps; in Kaluga, on the contrary, the clearings stretch for hundreds, the swamps for dozens of miles, and the noble bird of the black grouse has not yet disappeared, there is a good-natured great snipe, and the busy partridge with its impetuous takeoff amuses and frightens the shooter and the dog.
While visiting the Zhizdra district as a hunter, I came across a field and met one Kaluga small landowner, Polutykin, a passionate hunter and, therefore, an excellent person. True, he had some weaknesses: for example, he wooed all the rich brides in the province and, having been refused his hand and his house, with a contrite heart he confided his grief to all his friends and acquaintances, and continued to send sour peaches to the brides’ parents as gifts. and other raw produce of his garden; I alone loved to repeat the same joke, which, despite Mr. Polutykin’s respect for his merits, absolutely never made anyone laugh; praised the works of Akim Nakhimov and the story of Pinnu; stuttered; called his dog Astronomer; Instead, however, he spoke alone and started a French kitchen in his house, the secret of which, according to the concepts of his cook, was to completely change the natural taste of each dish: this artist’s meat tasted like fish, fish like mushrooms, pasta like gunpowder; but not a single carrot fell into the soup without taking the form of a rhombus or trapezoid. But, with the exception of these few and insignificant shortcomings, Mr. Polutykin was, as already said, an excellent person.
On the very first day of my acquaintance with Mr. Polutykin, he invited me to his place for the night.
It will be about five miles to me,” he added, “it’s a long walk; Let's go to Khor first. (The reader will allow me not to convey his stutter.)
Who is Khor?
And my man... He's not far from here.
We went to see him. In the middle of the forest, in a cleared and developed clearing, stood the lonely estate of Khorya. It consisted of several pine log houses connected by fences; In front of the main hut there was a canopy supported by thin posts. We entered. We were met by a young guy, about twenty, tall and handsome.
Ah, Fedya! Khor at home? - Mr. Polutykin asked him.
“No, Khor has gone to town,” the guy answered, smiling and showing a row of teeth white as snow. - Would you like to pawn the cart?
Yes, brother, a cart. Bring us some kvass.
We entered the hut. Not a single Suzdal painting covered the clean log walls; in the corner, in front of a heavy image in a silver frame, a lamp glowed; the linden table had recently been scraped and washed; there were no frisky Prussians wandering between the logs and along the window jambs, no brooding cockroaches hiding. The young guy soon appeared with a large white mug filled with good kvass, a huge slice of wheat bread and a dozen pickles in a wooden bowl. He put all these supplies on the table, leaned against the door and began looking at us with a smile. Before we had time to finish our snack, the cart was already knocking in front of the porch. We went out. A boy of about fifteen, curly-haired and red-cheeked, sat as a coachman and had difficulty holding a well-fed piebald stallion. Around the cart stood about six young giants, very similar to each other and to Fedya. “All children of Khorya!” - Polutykin noted. “All the Ferrets,” picked up Fedya, who followed us out onto the porch, “and not all of them: Potap is in the forest, and Sidor left with old Horem for the city... Look, Vasya,” he continued, turning to the coachman, “in spirit Somchi: You are taking the master. Just be careful during the pushes: you’ll spoil the cart and disturb the master’s womb!” The rest of the Ferrets grinned at Fedya's antics. “Put in the Astronomer!” - Mr. Polutykin exclaimed solemnly. Fedya, not without pleasure, lifted the forcedly smiling dog into the air and placed it on the bottom of the cart. Vasya gave the reins to the horse. We drove off. “This is my office,” Mr. Polutykin suddenly told me, pointing to a small low house, “would you like to come in?” - “If you please.” “It’s now abolished,” he noted, getting down, “but everything is worth seeing.” The office consisted of two empty rooms. The watchman, a crooked old man, came running from the backyard. “Hello, Minyaich,” said Mr. Polutykin, “where is the water?” The crooked old man disappeared and immediately returned with a bottle of water and two glasses. “Taste it,” Polutykin told me, “this is my good, spring water.” We drank a glass each, and the old man bowed to us from the waist. “Well, now it seems we can go,” my new friend remarked. “In this office I sold four acres of forest to the merchant Alliluyev for a bargain price.” We got into the cart and half an hour later we were driving into the courtyard of the manor's house.
Tell me, please,” I asked Polutykin at dinner, “why does Khor live separately from your other men?”
But here’s why: he’s a smart guy. About twenty-five years ago his hut burned down; So he came to my late father and said: they say, let me, Nikolai Kuzmich, settle in your swamp in the forest. I will pay you a good rent. - “Why do you need to settle in a swamp?” - “Yes, indeed; Only you, father, Nikolai Kuzmich, please don’t use me for any work, but give me the rent you know.” - “Fifty rubles a year!” - “If you please.” - “Yes, I have no arrears, look!” - “It is known, without arrears...” So he settled in the swamp. From then on he was nicknamed Khorem.
Well, did you get rich? - I asked.
Got rich. Now he’s paying me a hundred rubles in rent, and I’ll probably throw in some extra. I’ve told him more than once: “Pay off, Khor, hey, pay off!..” And he, the beast, assures me that there is nothing; there is no money, they say... Yes, no matter how it is!..
The next day, immediately after tea, we went hunting again. Driving through the village, Mr. Polutykin ordered the coachman to stop at a low hut and loudly exclaimed: “Kalinich!” “Now, father, now,” a voice came from the yard, “I’m tying up my bast shoe.” We went at a walk; outside the village a man of about forty caught up with us, tall, thin, with a small head bent back. It was Kalinich. I liked his good-natured dark face, marked here and there with rowan berries, at first sight. Kalinich (as I learned later) every day went hunting with the master, carried his bag, sometimes his gun, noticed where the bird landed, got water, picked strawberries, built huts, ran behind the droshky; Without him, Mr. Polutykin could not take a step. Kalinich was a man of the most cheerful, meek disposition, constantly sang in a low voice, looked carefree in all directions, spoke a little through his nose, smiled, squinted his light blue eyes and often grabbed his thin, wedge-shaped beard with his hand. He walked slowly, but with long steps, lightly supporting himself with a long and thin stick. During the day he spoke to me more than once, served me without servility, but watched the master as if he were a child. When the unbearable midday heat forced us to seek shelter, he took us to his apiary, in the very depths of the forest. Kalinich opened a hut for us, hung with bunches of dry fragrant herbs, laid us down on fresh hay, and he put a kind of bag with a net on our heads, took a knife, a pot and a firebrand and went to the apiary to cut out honeycombs for us. We washed down the clear, warm honey with spring water and fell asleep to the monotonous buzz of bees and the chatty babble of leaves.
A light gust of wind woke me up... I opened my eyes and saw Kalinich: he was sitting on the threshold of the half-open door and was cutting out a spoon with a knife. I admired his face for a long time, meek and clear as the evening sky. Mr. Polutykin also woke up. We didn't get up right away. Nice after long walk And deep sleep lie motionless on the hay: the body luxuriates and languishes, the face glows with a slight heat, sweet laziness closes the eyes. Finally we got up and went wandering again until evening. At dinner I started talking again about Khor and Kalinich. “Kalinych is a kind man,” Mr. Polutykin told me, “a diligent and helpful man; However, the farm cannot be maintained in good order: I keep putting it off. Every day he goes hunting with me... What kind of farming is there - judge for yourself.” I agreed with him and we went to bed.
Retelling plan
1. Oryol and Kaluga men.
2. At the Khorya estate.
3. Meet Kalinich.
4. Comparative characteristics of Khor and Kalinich.
Retelling
The story is told from the point of view of the narrator-hunter. “Whoever happened to move from the Volkhov district to Zhizdrinsky was probably struck by the sharp difference between the breed of people in the Oryol province and the Kaluga breed. The Oryol peasant is short, stooped, gloomy, looks from under his brows, lives in crappy aspen huts, goes to corvée, does not engage in trade, eats poorly, wears bast shoes; Kaluga obrok peasant lives in spacious pine huts, is tall, looks bold and cheerful, has a clean and white face, sells oil and tar, and wears boots on holidays.
The Oryol village is usually located among plowed fields, near a ravine, somehow turned into a dirty pond... you won’t see a tree for a mile around; hut is stuck to hut, the roofs are covered with rotten straw... The Kaluga village, on the contrary, is mostly surrounded by forest; The huts stand freer and straighter, covered with planks...”
Once in the Zhizdra district the narrator met the Kaluga small landowner Polutykin. The landowner invited him to spend the night. On the way they stopped by Khor, his peasant. Khor's estate stood in a cleared clearing in the middle of the forest. They were met by a guy of about twenty - Fedor. He told them that Khor had gone to town and offered to pawn the cart. Everything in the hut shone with cleanliness and order. After drinking kvass and snacking on pickles and wheat bread, they left the house; the cart was already waiting for them. A boy of about fifteen was sitting as a coachman, and around stood six young giants, very similar to each other - “all children of Khor.” Later Polutykin told why Khor lives separately from other men: “Twenty-five years ago his hut burned down; he came to my late father and said: let me settle in your forest in a swamp. I will pay you a quitrent...” Having received permission, he settled in the swamp and eventually became rich. He was repeatedly offered to pay off, but he said: “There is no money.”
The next day Polutykin and his guest went hunting again. Driving through the village, they stopped at Kalinich’s low hut and called him. He was a man of about forty, tall, with a good-natured dark face, a cheerful, gentle disposition. Every day he went hunting with his master, carried his bags, got water, picked strawberries, built huts, and ran behind the droshky. He looked after his master like a child. At noon Kalinich brought them to his apiary and put them to rest in a hut hung with bunches of dry fragrant herbs. After sleeping a little, they again went wandering until evening.
Polutykin said that Kalinich is a kind man, but he cannot keep the household in order. The next day the narrator went hunting alone and in the evening he turned up to Khor. He was met by an old man, bald, short, broad-shouldered and stocky - Khor himself. His face was reminiscent of Socrates. They entered the hut and started a conversation. Khor seemed to feel his dignity. The narrator thought about Chorus: “You are strong-tongued and a man of your own mind.”
At dawn, Fedya woke up the narrator. Khor invited him to drink tea. He told about the children: they all got married, except Fyodor and little Vaska, and live with their father. Then Kalinich came with a bunch of wild strawberries for his friend Khor.
The author spent the next three days with Khor and watched his friends. “Khor was a positive, practical person, an administrative head, a rationalist. Kalinich, on the contrary, belonged to the number of idealists, romantics...” Khor had a large family, and Kalinich once had a wife, whom he was afraid of, but had no children. Khor spoke little, meaning to himself, Kalinich explained himself passionately... He was gifted with advantages: he spoke of blood, fear, rage, his hand was light... Kalinich stood closer to nature; The ferret is for people, for society. Khor saw a lot, knew a lot and told the hunter about life in his village. When the narrator talked about his trips abroad, Khor was interested in administrative matters, and Kalinich was interested in descriptions of nature, mountains, waterfalls, and unusual buildings.
The narrator draws a conclusion about the characteristics of the Russian person: “What’s good is what he likes, what’s reasonable is what you give him, and where it comes from, he doesn’t care.” From Khor, the narrator “heard for the first time the simple, intelligent speech of a Russian peasant.” Khor's knowledge was extensive, but he did not know how to read, unlike Kalinich, and was full of prejudices and prejudices. The debate about Mr. Polutykin was especially interesting. Khor saw right through him, and Kalinich was in awe of him. Kalinich sang quite pleasantly and played the balalaika... It was a pity to part with the old people, but on the fourth day Polutykin sent people for the hunter, and he left.
One day, the narrator met the stuttering landowner Polutykin. He loved hunting very much. He also had some strange things: he asked for the hand and heart of all the wealthy girls in the county. When he received another refusal, he still continued to send the young lady various fruits from his garden as a gift.
The new acquaintance constantly repeated the same joke, which never made a single listener smile. At home he set up a French kitchen. On the very first day of meeting the narrator, the kind Polutykin invited him to spend the night with him. In order not to have to walk, he suggested stopping by to see Khor.
The old owner was not at home. Instead, the guests were greeted by the owner's children - six very similar to each other handsome men, a fifteen-year-old boy, and Fedya is his father’s favorite. As it turned out, this is not all the offspring: some work in the forest, others went to the city with their father. They brought a cart with a horse. On the way, the hunters looked into the landowner's office. It was no longer used, only old Minyaich looked after it.
At dinner, the narrator directly asked the master why Khor does not live with all the serfs? It turns out that his house burned down, and he asked the landowner to build a house in the swamp. Since then, Khor has been pleasing Polutykin with a good rent, but the landowner wants to give him more. The strange thing is that if there is enough money, Khor does not want to pay off and become free. He refers to the fact that there is no money, although the quitrent proves the opposite.
Having gone hunting, the guest and the landowner stopped by Kalinich. As it turned out, this little man always accompanied Polutykin on the hunt: he carried a bag, a gun, tracked game, found pods, arranged a resting place, and more. Kalinich watched the landowner as if he were a small child.
The intense midday heat forced the landowner and the narrator to interrupt the hunt. All together they headed to Kalinich’s apiary, where he treated the guests to honey. Everyone fell asleep, lulled by the buzzing of bees and the rustling of leaves. Having woken up, the hunters went for a walk in the forest until the evening. At dinner, the narrator asked how the hospitable Kalinich’s household was going. The landowner explained that due to constant hunting trips with him, Kalinich is not able to take care of the farm, although it is in good working order.
The next morning the master went to deal with his dishonest neighbor. The narrator went hunting alone. In the evening he turned into the hut to see Khor. This time he was met by the owner himself. The conversation turned to why the rich Khor does not want to pay off the master. However, the cunning owner never gave a clear answer. The narrator decided to stay overnight in Khor's hay barn. In the morning, the owner of the house invited the guest to the samovar.
As it turned out, everyone, except Fedya and the fifteen-year-old boy, is already married, but they don’t want to move away from old Khor. This is how all the “ferrets” live with their father. A dispute broke out between Fedya and his father about marriage and the role of a woman in the house. Kalinich came to visit them with wild strawberries, and was warmly received.
For three more days the narrator stayed in Khor's house, listening to the interesting conversations of its inhabitants. On the fourth day the master sent for him. And a day later the narrator left the hospitable estate of the landowner.
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