The progestogenic action is aimed at the development in the body of effects similar to the action of the corpus luteum hormone. The mechanism of the progestogenic effect on the body is associated with the suppression of the secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, which in turn prevents the maturation of follicles, causing anovulation in women of childbearing age. Provides the onset of the secretion phase in the endometrium, reduces the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and / or carcinogenesis. This action may also reduce vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women. Causes changes in the mucus of the cervical canal (inhibits arborization), increases its viscosity, thus making it difficult for sperm to penetrate, and also increases the number of intermediate cells in the maturity index of the vaginal epithelium. Reduces the excitability and contractility of the muscles of the uterus, stimulates the development of the terminal elements of the mammary gland. Suppresses the function of Leydig cells in men, that is, inhibits the synthesis of testosterone. Drugs with a progestogenic effect are used for all types of progestin deficiency (infertility, habitual and threatening miscarriage, premenstrual syndrome, algomenorrhea), with an irregular monthly cycle, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, for the purpose of hormone replacement therapy (in combination with estrogens), contraception, with endometriosis, mastopathy. For the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the endometrium, mammary glands, kidneys.
Progestogens are hormones that are normally secreted in the female body.
Also, the pharmacological market offers various types of gestagens - drugs that correct the hormonal status.
The mechanism of action of biological substances has long been known. The main properties of gestagens is the preservation and maintenance of reproductive function.
Preparations based on these substances are widely used to treat hormone-dependent pathologies.
Many women know that gestagens are contraceptives. However, the hormone produced in the body does not have such an effect.
The contraceptive effect is given only by medications taken according to a certain scheme.
Estrogen and progestogen are the main hormones of the female body produced by the gonads.
They provide menstrual, reproductive function, support the functioning of organs and systems, keep the skin young and are responsible for secondary sexual characteristics, forming attractive body curves.
The hormone gestagen for a woman does not matter without estrogen.
Therefore, a combination of biological substances is necessary for the normal function of organs and systems.
Gestagens are produced throughout the entire menstrual cycle, but increased activity is noted in the luteal phase - after ovulation.
Progestogen hormones, which in medicine are also called progestins or progestogens, are synthesized in the ovaries by a temporary endocrine gland.
Also, the sources of the biological substance of the second phase are the adrenal glands and the placenta, which is formed from the second trimester of pregnancy in the cavity of the reproductive organ.
The main hormone with a progestogenic effect is.
It determines the physiological function of progestins, providing the possibility of fertilization, implantation and pregnancy.
The effect of gestagens on the mammary gland
The mechanism of action of gestagens on the mammary gland is being studied to this day. Numerous studies give the right to assert that the hormone of some elements of the glandular tissue.
The combination of biological actions ensures the completion of the development of the mammary gland in girls in the pubertal period and the formation of a rounded shape instead of a teenage conical one.
Hormones provoke tissue maturation for subsequent lactation.
Thanks to progesterone, the negative effect of estrogens on the mammary glands is reduced. This provides a preventive effect for diseases such as hyperplasia, mastopathy, glandular cystic formations.
On the endometrium
Gestagens act on the functional layer of the uterus after ovulation. In the first phase of the cycle, the proliferative activity of the functional layer is noted.
With the onset of the second phase, the endometrium passes into the secretory. In simple words, the produced hormone allows the mucosa to “ripen” to such a state as to accept a fetal egg.
Biological substances secreted by the sex glands have a preventive effect on the endometrium, preventing the development of hyperplasia, adenomyosis and fibrocystic foci.
On the genitals
Gestagens have a relaxing effect on the genitals. Hormones are of particular importance for the fallopian tubes and the muscular layer of the reproductive organ.
Progesterone breaks down vasopressin and oxytocin. This prevents premature contraction of the uterus and separation of the functional layer.
By their action, biological substances provide a decrease in sensitivity during menstruation.
With a lack of gestagens in women, an irregular cycle with spotting breakthrough bleeding is noted. Deficiency of sex hormones causes painful periods and severe PMS.
For pregnancy
Despite the fact that synthetic gestagens are, the natural hormone is important for pregnancy.
The very origin of the term denoting a biological substance comes from the words gesto and gens, which means to bear, continue, produce.
Being produced in the second half of the cycle, the hormone prepares the uterine mucosa for the adoption of the embryo.
If implantation has taken place, then over the next 10-12 weeks, the corpus luteum will maintain a new life, not allowing the muscle layer to contract and reject it.
The formed placenta subsequently takes on this task.
When to use progestin preparations
The gestagenic component of drugs can be of natural or synthetic origin.
Medications are used to achieve the following result:
- the transition of the functional layer of the uterus to the secretory phase;
- increased activity of the cervix and thickening of mucus;
- suppression of the contractile activity of muscle tissues;
- increase in basal temperature;
- stimulation of breast tissue.
All gestagens are used in therapy, cycle disorders, endometriosis and for the purpose of contraception.
Also used during menopause, with menopause.
As additional medicines, they are used in the complex treatment of acne, PCOS, endometrial and breast hyperplasia, and prostate cancer in men.
Treatment
Progestogenic activity depends on the active substance on the basis of which the drug is created.
| The name of the gestagen | Action | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestagennoe | Antiestrogenic | Androgenic | Antiandrogenic | |
| Progesterone (Utrozhestan, Crinon) | Moderate | Moderate | Missing | Missing |
| Norethisterone (Norkolut, Cliogest) | High | High | High | Missing |
| (Mirena, Postinor, Tri-regol) | very high | very high | very high | Missing |
| Desogestrel (Mersilon, Escapel, Novinet) | very high | High | Moderate | Missing |
| Gestoden (Charosetta, Logest) | very high | High | Moderate | Missing |
| Norgestimate (Cilest) | very high | High | Moderate | Missing |
| Didrogestarone (Femoston, Duphaston) | Moderate | Moderate | Missing | Missing |
| Dienogest (Janine) | High | Missing | Missing | Moderate |
All substances, with the exception of norethisterone, do not have an estrogenic effect. In accordance with the indications and individual hormonal status, a certain drug is prescribed.
Medicines are available in the form of injections, oral capsules, tablets and intrauterine devices.
Contraceptives
Combined estrogen-gestagen preparations are used for contraception.
Medicines regulate the menstrual cycle, reduce the severity of premenstrual syndrome, improve the condition of the epidermis.
The active component of contraceptives blocks the release of luteinizing hormone, which triggers ovulation in a woman's body.
Also, drugs reduce the concentration and increase the viscosity of cervical mucus.
How contraceptives work
provides a double protective effect: the oocyte does not leave the ovary, and the spermatozoa cannot overcome the barrier from the vaginal secretion.
Among progestin drugs, you can choose drugs in a convenient form:
- implant - is inserted subcutaneously and is valid for 3-6 months;
- intrauterine devices - used for 5 years;
- oral medications are taken continuously.
Side effects
Progestogens of the latest generation, like any drugs, can cause adverse reactions:
- migraine, drowsiness, dizziness;
- digestive disorders;
- breakthrough bleeding;
- pain in the mammary glands;
- increase in blood pressure;
- the formation of blood clots;
- decrease in sexual desire;
- change in body weight up or down;
- skin manifestations;
- fluid retention and edema.
Considering the likelihood of negative manifestations, each drug should be studied individually.
Reading and listening to Marina Borisovna Khamoshina is a separate pleasure.
“The ability to control their “reproductive destiny” has long been a concern of humanity. For all the unconditional love for children, almost all married couples throughout human history sooner or later came to the desire to control the birth rate, especially when the number of children approached ten.
Among the factors requiring birth control, the professor, on the one hand, notes poverty and hunger, on the other hand, the political goals of the powerful. One way or another, but before the advent of the first birth control pills, a truly effective method of contraception simply did not exist.
Almost 55 years have passed. There are many effective and safe contraceptives. There is something for every taste and budget. Do you want birth control pills for 100 rubles a month - please! Here is Oralcon for you - an Indian generic of Microgynon, born in 1973. It is well tolerated, the effectiveness is high, of course, there is a slight androgenic effect of levonorgestrel. Maybe a couple of acne will come out, but the libido will not fade away.
I climbed on the radar for a picture and found just a whole sea of generics. Therefore, instead of discussing the fate of mankind, I will write a super-new review of KOC on the domestic market in 2016.
Everyone is well aware that COCs contain different dosages of hormones. Before they were monstrous, then just high. By the end of the 60s of the twentieth century, preparations containing 35-50 μg of EE appeared - this was a lot, but acceptable. Quite quickly, by 1973, it was possible to reduce the dosage to 30 micrograms - such COCs began to be called low-dose. Today our market is full of preparations containing 20 micrograms of EE. It's quite simple, but not enough to understand. Because the composition of COCs, in addition to estrogen, includes a progestogen component. It is the gestagen that provides various "sweets" and additional non-contraceptive effects.
It looks something like this: 
Let's start with dienogest.
EE+dienogest
DNG - dienogest-containing "Janine" is remarkably used for contraception in women with endometriosis and pelvic pain, is included in the 1st line of therapy for endometriosis in the recommendations of most associations. Despite the rather capricious character (Janine "loves" a very accurate technique, she can react to delays with daubs), there are already as many as 4 generics on our market:
"Janine" -
30 mcg EE + 2 mg DNGin 21+7 mode
Generics: Silhouette, Bonade, Diecyclene, Genette
EE + drospirenone
Despite the fact that DRSP (drospirenone) containing COCs have been under all kinds of attacks in the yellow press for almost 10 years due to the alleged high risk of thrombosis, excellent tolerability, non-contraceptive effects and a decent safety profile have spawned a whole bunch of generic drugs. "Yarina Plus" and "Jess Plus", fortified with folates, are still protected from copying by the 10-year right of the manufacturer of the original drug, so the "pluses" on our market are still only in the original.
"Yarina" - 30 mcg EE + 3 mg DRSPin 21+7 mode
Generics: Midiana, Vidora, Modell PRO
"Jess" - 20 mcg EE + 3 mg DRSPin 24+4 mode
Generics: Dimia, Modell TREND
Unregistered in the Russian Federation* combination"Yasminelle" 20mcg EE+3mg DRSP on 21+7
Generics: Vidora micro, Dailla, Simicia
*To be honest, I don't quite understand how this happened. How the Pharmaceutical Committee gave permission to copies of the original drug, which has never been registered in our country
EE+gestodene
Gestodene has been part of the OK since the 80s of the twentieth century and belongs to the 3rd generation gestagens. Metabolically neutral to such an extent that it is recommended for women with elevated BMI. There is no antiandrogenic and glucocorticoid effect, there is a very slight mineralocorticoid effect. At the same time, a reliable progestin that perfectly controls the endometrium in a very small dosage. For a long time, Logest was the most micronized COC, then Mirelle came to replace it.
"Femoden" - 30 mcg EE+ 75 mcg gestodenein 21+7 mode
Generics: Lindinet-30
"Logest" -2 0 mcg EE+ 75 mcg gestodenein 21+7 mode
Generics: Lindinet-20, Gestarella
"Mirelle" -
15 mcg EE+ 60 mcg gestodenein 21+7 mode
* Surprised by his presence in the radar station, until now I was sure that Mirelle had never been registered in our country
EE+CPA
Cyproterone acetate is a powerful antiandrogenic effect. It is still considered the "gold standard". Other COCs that claim to have antiandrogenic properties are compared with CPA.
It turned out that such a powerful antiandrogenic, and even more so, glucocorticoid action is far from always needed, so Diana-35 moved into the category of COCs with a therapeutic and contraceptive effect with a dominant therapeutic effect.
"Diana-35" - 35 mcg EE + 2 mg CPA
in 21+7 mode
Generics: Erica-35, Chloe
EE + desogestrel
DZGL - desogestrel-containing COCs, passionately loved by Prof. Gevorkyan: desogestrel is metabolically neutral, the drugs are well tolerated and have proven their reliability and safety for a very long time. I will not argue, if he wants, let Alfred Mück argue (Professor, Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Natural Sciences, Head of the Department of Endocrinology and Menopause at the Gynecological Clinic of the University of Tübingen in Germany). He, for example, believes and shows in the experiment that desogestrel has both glucocorticoid and androgenic activity. By the way, this does not make the drugs worse - they are quite wonderful. The company "Organon" has sunk into oblivion, so we have a paradoxical situation - Regulon and Novinet are known more than the original Marvelon and Mercilon. Of course, this is the merit of the Gedeon Richter company, which, in principle, makes very worthy drugs, incl. contraceptives.
"Marvelon" - 30 mcg EE+ 150 mcg DZGLin 21+7 mode
Generics: Regulon
"Mersilon" - 2
0 µg EE+ 150 µg DZGLin 21+7 mode
Generics: Novinet
There are three drugs in this section that no one wants to copy yet.
"Silest" - 35 mcg EE +
250 mcgnorgestimate in 21+7 mode
Janssen-Cilag (Belgium) is a serious brand that was made a long time ago by not the most successful KOC. During my long practice, I had only two patients to whom I recommended Silest and he fit perfectly. Other drugs did not provide good cycle control. The second niche for Silest can be bleeding during the use of the Evra contraceptive patch, if a decision is made to carry out hormonal hemostasis.
"Demulin" - 35 mcg EE + 1 mg ethinodiol in 21+7 regimen
This is my find today. The drug is a complete mystery to me. WhetherSEARLE, USA or UK. According to the ABC, the drug was withdrawn from registration in September 2004. Then it’s excusable for me not to know it, in 2004 I was still spitting on an orange TV in Kharkov."Belara" - 30mcg EE+ 2mg CMAin 21+7 mode
A drug with a difficult fate. Once upon a time, Belara was released by Grünenthal GmbH (Germany), but something went wrong there. XMA - chlormadinone acetate belongs to the very first generation of progestogens, synthesized in the 1960-70s of the twentieth century. The combination did not represent anything particularly valuable and ended up somewhere in the backyard. However, at the beginning of this century, the caring hands of the Hungarians from Gedeon Richter bought the rights for nothing and gave the drug a second life. Belara is being promoted through all the cracks. For several years they were worn with a unique anti-androgenic effect (see the picture above - a maximum of 20% of the CPA), studied an unusually beneficial and stimulating effect on libido, found anti-depressant effects. I will not retell all this heresy, the drug is like a drug. They will find a niche for him.
Unsurpassed
COCs that instead of EE contain endogenous identical estrogen or "natural" estrogen. There are two drugs on our market:
"Klaira" - a complex 4-phase combination of EV (estradiol valerate) + DNG in the 26 + 2 mode
"Zoeli" - 1.55 mg EG (estradiol hemihydrate) + 2.5 mg nomegestrol acetate in 24+4 mode
Both drugs are still protected by a 10-year copyright, there are no others on the market yet.
I somehow endlessly told why it was necessary, but, as it turned out, not in LiveJournal. I found my little one, but alas, the illustrations flew off there. If this particular aspect is of interest to someone, I will write
With all the diversity of the world of oral contraceptives, our market has excellent combined (estrogen-progestin) contraceptives that do not need to be taken every day. Moreover, they do not need to be drunk at all.
Contraceptive patch "Evra" - 1 patch per week 20 mcg EE + 150 mcg norelgestromin per day in 21 + 7 mode
Transdermal contraceptive system from Janssen-Cilag (Belgium) - convenient and simple, well tolerated. The scheme is extremely simple - we glue a new plaster once a week, we go with plasters for 3 weeks, and without them for a week. You can wash everything. The most common complaint is that lumps of dirt accumulate around the patch in a week. Plasters are very fond of flight attendants.
Contraceptive ring "NovaRing" - 1 ring for 3 weeks 15 mcg EE + 120 mcg etonogestrel per day in 21+7 mode
Very old LNG (levonorgestrel containing) COCs
These are the grandparents of modern COCs, which are still sold and, more surprisingly, still bought by patients. The most deserved - high-dose. Each tablet contains 50 micrograms of EE. Once upon a time, this was a breakthrough.
"Ovidon" - 50 mcg EE+ 250 mcg LNGin 21+7 mode
"Non-Ovlon"- 50 mcg EE+ 1 mg norethisterone acetatein 21+7 mode
In order to reduce the total hormonal load, the first biphasic drug was launched on the market:
"Anteovin". Half of the tablets contained a combination of 50 µg EE + 50 µg LNG, the other half 50 µg EE + 125 µg LNG
It turned out that reducing the dose of LNG is not bad, but adds almost nothing to the tolerance of the drug and the reduction in the frequency and severity of side effects. It was necessary to radically reduce the dose of estrogen. And this was quite successful by 1973.
"Microgynon" - 30 mcg EE+ 150 mcg LNGin 21+7 mode
Generics: Rigevidon, Oralcon
It wasn't long before the first micronized COC containing 20 µg of EE entered the market.
"Minisiston" - 20 mcg EE+ 100 mcg LNGin 21+7 mode
It would seem that LNG-containing drugs have gone down in history, but no. They are still reliable and safe. Each new drug in preclinical trials for the effect on hemostasis and metabolism is compared with them.
Three-phase combinations:
Three-phase preparations turned out to be practically a dead end. The main purpose of creating these drugs was to reduce the total hormonal load. This was successful, but the cycle control is slightly worse, the contraceptive failure rate is slightly higher.
"Trikvilar" - 30 mcgEE + 50 mcg LNG x40 mcgEE + 75 mcg LNG x30 mcgEE + 125 mcg LNG
Generics: Tri-regol, Trigestrel
There is a modern 3-phase drug that was released by "Organon" containing desogestrel. They brought it to the market under the motto "for the treatment of acne." This idea, I remember, failed. Desogestrel, which has residual androgenic activity, is still not the best choice for acne treatment. At least not the drug of first choice for sure.
"Three-merci" - 35 mcgEE + 50 mcg DZGL x30 mcgEE+100 mcg DZGL x30 mcgEE + 150 mcg DZGL
For those who have overcome multibooks, a small bonus in the form of a magic question from online consultations)) Spelling and punctuation, as usual, are preserved.
" Hello. 3 days ago they did a curettage due to STD. The doctor prescribed OK for 6 months. I have varicose veins (a lot of venous nets on my legs). cause thrombus formation. The doctor said that my varicose veins are not the reason for refusing OK (I didn’t look at my legs). Tell me what to do. Is it possible to protect myself with condoms or is it necessary to take OK?"
The body of a woman is like a complex mosaic. There is nothing random about it. The most important purpose of a woman is motherhood. When planning replenishment in the family, each granddaughter of Eva dreams that the period of bearing the baby goes well and ends with a calm birth. But if the body of the expectant mother lacks the hormone progesterone, the pregnancy may be terminated. To prevent a sad scenario, the doctor prescribes progestin preparations to the woman. The task of medicines is not to allow the woman's body to perceive the fetus as something alien.
Why does the female body need progesterone?
A healthy woman can live to an advanced age and not know how many positive functions the hormone progesterone performed in her body. After all, when there are no diseases, all natural situations that change the female body (menstruation, ovulation, pregnancy) seem to some people an everyday reality.
Usually, the anxieties and hopes associated with progesterone occur in girls who are tormented by severe ailments before menstruation. A deficiency of this substance is also dangerous for ladies who want to conceive and safely bear a baby. Before prescribing gestagens to his patient, the gynecologist explains to her what tasks nature has assigned to progesterone.
Every month in the body of a healthy lady, the following changes occur:
- A follicle is formed in the ovaries.
- The first day of menstruation "opens" the estrogen phase. It lasts until ovulation.
- The next phase is called progesterone (its duration is fifteen to sixteen days).
- In the ovaries, in the place that the mature egg has vacated, a corpus luteum appears. This formation looks like a bag of yellow juice. In such a "cocoon" hormones are produced that will protect the emerging life from negative factors (support pregnancy). The most important hormone is progesterone.
If too little progesterone is produced, the intervals between periods may increase, and discomfort and pain before menstruation may increase. Noticing unwanted changes in well-being, you should visit a doctor. Perhaps to improve the situation "in a feminine way" you will need gestagens - artificially created analogues of progesterone.
The script repeats...
According to nature's plan, every month a woman's body should be ready for conception. Progesterone creates favorable conditions for pregnancy.
Recall what functions the hormone performs:
- Helps to transform the inner layer of the uterus (endometrium) so that the fertilized egg can develop freely.
- Strengthens the muscles of the uterus.
- Affects the consistency of the mucus that is in the uterus. Under the influence of progesterone, the mucus becomes thick and forms a special "cork". The task of the cork is to protect the delicate organ and what is in it from adverse external influences.
- Reduces the contractile activity of the fallopian tubes.
- Prepares the mammary glands for milk production.
- Blocks the increased "alarm signals" of the female body, which can harm the fetus.
In addition to all of the above, progesterone corrects metabolic processes in the body of a lady. Let's describe how it happens:
- The intensity of protein synthesis decreases.
- The level of sugar and fatty acids in the blood of a pregnant woman rises.
- The body rapidly accumulates substances useful for the unborn child.
Why do progesterone levels drop?
The lack of progesterone in the patient's blood can manifest itself in different ways. Some women complain that their periods have become scanty and irregular, while others become desperate because of unsuccessful attempts to conceive a child. To determine the hormonal status of a particular lady, the gynecologist prescribes a set of examinations for her, including a blood test from a vein. According to the results of research, a specialist can judge the nature of hormonal "failures" in the patient's body. Patients who have been diagnosed with insufficient progesterone in the blood ask why it arose.
We list the situations due to which the production of progesterone in a woman can be significantly reduced:
- Inflammatory process in the uterus or ovaries.
- Decreased function of the pituitary gland.
- Diseases of the thyroid gland.
- Excessive physical activity (sports, hard work).
- Long-term use of birth control pills.
- Pregnancy after IVF.
- Too strict diet.
When do gestagens help a woman?
If the female body is undergoing unwanted changes due to hormonal deficiency, the only way to correct the situation is to offer the body a progesterone substitute. And such substitutes exist. These are gestagens. Gynecologists know many cases when only gestagens can normalize the patient's condition.
Let's list the situations:
- Rare periods.
- Severe premenstrual syndrome.
- Inability to get pregnant.
- Fibrocystic mastopathy.
- Preparing the body of a woman for the procedure of in vitro fertilization.
- Menopause, complicated by significant ailments (dizziness, "drops" in pressure, fever).
- Benign neoplasm in the uterus (myoma).
"Cocktail" of hormones - for harmony
As already mentioned, miscarriages in patients occur due to progesterone deficiency. Thirty years ago, it was almost impossible to make up for the lack of a "fateful" substance. Although medicine began using gestagens in the early 1970s, their effect on the body of patients was ambiguous. Therefore, it is difficult to call the first progesterone analogues effective. Among the side effects of the "old" gestagens are severe conditions of the pregnant woman, fetal malformations.
Modern drugs are created taking into account all the weaknesses, needs and characteristics of the female body. If you have been prescribed gestagens, you should not be afraid that these medicines will change the body in an undesirable way.
The production of progesterone in the female body is closely related to the production of another important substance - estrogen. If the patient's gonads do not create these hormones, negative changes can affect not only the woman's menstrual cycle, but also the appearance of her breasts, skin condition. The task of the gynecologist is to select the “right” drug with estrogens and progestins for the patient.
There are many cases when estrogens and gestagens helped ladies get rid of infertility, gently stimulated labor during a post-term pregnancy. Combined medications are often prescribed to ladies who have a difficult menopause. Hormonal drugs eliminate such depressing conditions in mature patients as hypertension, hot flashes, osteoporosis. The doctor prescribes the type of medication and the required dose for women.
Tablets or injections?
People who are far from medical knowledge are often interested in what form gestagens are prescribed to ladies - in tablets or in ampoules.
If the patient is pregnant, and the doctor sees a threat of miscarriage in her, he will advise the woman on special injections. In the form of tablets, the gestagen will not be effective. The thing is that natural gestagens are quickly cleaved in the liver. It is possible to influence the body of a pregnant woman only with the help of injections.
For ladies who want to overcome infertility, doctors sometimes prescribe synthetic gestagens (in tablets). Moreover, the drugs that a woman will take are designed for contraception. “Why take birth control pills if you already have problems with conception?” - you ask. It is not that simple. In some cases, hormonal oral contraceptives help stabilize ovarian function. After the abolition of pills, a woman's chances of conceiving a child increase.
A new "strategy" of contraception...
Medicine resorts to the help of gestagens not only when it becomes necessary to preserve the fetus. The use of substances can prevent unwanted pregnancy. High-quality synthetic gestagens are the main component of birth control pills. The purpose of the drugs is to block ovulation and make it impossible to conceive.
The scheme of taking pills is complicated. If you are unable to take progestogen tablets every day and pause, the effectiveness of the contraceptive will decrease.
For forgetful persons and those ladies who often go on business trips, the doctor may advise progestogen injections. The first injection is given to a woman every sixty days. For the next four injections, the patient injects with the same frequency. Then the regimen of taking the drug changes: the injection is administered no more than once every three months.
What young girls should think about...
It should be noted that the effectiveness of injections with gestagens is high. But such drugs are "generous" in side effects. In some patients, bleeding suddenly began after a progestogen injection. Moreover, they had nothing to do with menstruation. Blooming girls who decided to resort to this method of contraception noted that their appetite after injections noticeably increased. The continuation of this situation was excess weight.
Injections containing gestagens are not suitable for women who plan to have a baby in the near future. Therefore, agreeing to the described option of contraception, prepare yourself for the fact that it will be possible to get pregnant no earlier than one and a half to two years after the drug is discontinued. The body will not immediately be able to restore the ability to ovulate (the cumulative effect of gestagens is triggered). Gynecologists usually advise injections with hormones to adult ladies who already have children. It is advisable for young ladies to refrain from such harsh contraceptive measures.
How does progestogen work under the skin?
As contraception, not only injections and pills, but also hormonal implants have proven themselves well. These implants do not exceed the size of a match. Such a "miracle wand" is inserted under the skin of the shoulder of a girl who wants to avoid pregnancy. The procedure lasts sixty seconds. When implanting the implant, specialists use local anesthesia.
The duration of the progestogen implant is three years. After the time has elapsed, the "match" is removed from under the skin of the patient, and the reproductive capabilities of the lady are revived. Hormone-containing implants rarely bring women overweight and bleeding. But some patients who have implanted the “miracle wand” under the skin experience headaches, acne, and rare menstruation. A woman may have a seal in the mammary gland.
After the subcutaneous contraceptive is eliminated, unwanted conditions will disappear. Progestogens from implants do not "accumulate" in the body, so there are no problems with conception in women.
International name:
Dosage form:
Pharmachologic effect:
Indications:
Gestanin
International name:
Pharmachologic effect:
Indications:
Gestanon
International name: Allylestrenol (Allylestrenol)
Pharmachologic effect: A gestagenic agent that stimulates the secretory phase in the myometrium, creates conditions for the development of a fertilized egg, contributes to the preservation of...
Indications: Miscarriage (habitual and threatening), premature birth (threat).
Gormofort
International name: Hydroxyprogesterone (Hydroxyprogesterone)
Pharmachologic effect: An analog of the corpus luteum hormone - gestagen, causes the transition of the uterine mucosa from the proliferation phase (regulated by the follicular hormone) ...
Indications: Habitual and threatened miscarriage (in the first half of pregnancy), amenorrhea, polymenorrhea, uterine cancer, breast cancer, the need for surgical intervention on the pregnant uterus (against the background of corpus luteum insufficiency).
Gravistat
International name:
Dosage form: dragee
Pharmachologic effect: Synthetic gestagen with contraceptive action. Increases the viscosity of cervical mucus, which prevents the advancement of spermatozoa. Oppresses...
Indications: Contraception as an additional drug in women using non-hormonal methods, as well as in the presence of contraindications to the use of estrogen-progestin drugs.
Depo Provera
International name: Medroxyprogesterone (Medroxyprogesterone)
Dosage form: suspension for intramuscular injection, tablets
Pharmachologic effect: A gestagen that has a long-term effect when administered intramuscularly and does not have androgenic and estrogenic activity. Suppresses the secretion...
Indications: Contraception, especially in women of late reproductive age, endometriosis, differential diagnosis of primary and secondary amenorrhea, ...
Duphaston
International name: Dydrogesterone (Dydrogesterone)
Dosage form: tablets, coated tablets
Pharmachologic effect: A gestagenic agent that has a selective effect on the endometrium, promotes the formation of a normal secretory endometrium in women ...
Indications: Infertility due to luteal insufficiency; gestagenic insufficiency (habitual and threatening abortion, dysmenorrhea), endometriosis; secondary...
Levonova
International name: Levonorgestrel (Levonorgestrel)
Dosage form: intrauterine therapy system
Pharmachologic effect: Contraceptive progestogen. Levonorgestrel as part of the IUD has a direct local effect on the endometrium, causes its temporary ...
Indications: Contraception (long-term), menorrhagia, prevention of endometrial hyperplasia during estrogen replacement therapy.
Livial
International name: Tibolone (Tibolone)
Dosage form: tablets
Pharmachologic effect: A gestagenic agent, it also has anabolic and weak androgenic activity, stabilizes the hypothalamic-pituitary system after the...
Indications: Menopause (natural or due to oophorectomy); menopausal osteoporosis (prevention).
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