Stop bleeding with finger pressure on the arteries. Carrying out finger pressing of the arteries in case of bleeding Finger pressing of the artery to the bone

Depending on the type of bleeding (arterial, venous, capillary) and the means available in the provision of first aid, it is temporarily or permanently stopped.

A temporary stop of the most life-threatening external arterial bleeding is achieved by applying a tourniquet or twist, fixing the limb in the position of maximum flexion, pressing the artery above the site of its injury with the fingers. The carotid artery is pressed below the wound. Finger pressing of the arteries is the most affordable and fastest way to temporarily stop arterial bleeding. The arteries are pressed in places where they pass near the bone or over it (Plate II color insert).

Table II. Points of digital pressure of the arteries

The temporal artery (1) is pressed with the thumb against the temporal bone in front of the auricle when bleeding from head wounds.

The mandibular artery (2) is pressed with the thumb against the angle of the lower jaw when bleeding from wounds located on the face.

The common carotid artery (3) is pressed against the vertebrae on the anterior surface of the neck to the side of the larynx. Then a pressure bandage is applied, under which a dense roller of bandage, napkins or cotton wool is placed on the damaged artery.

The subclavian artery (4) is pressed against the 1st rib in the fossa above the clavicle in case of a bleeding wound in the area of the shoulder joint, the upper third of the shoulder, or in the armpit.

When the wound is located in the region of the middle or lower third of the shoulder, the brachial artery (5) is pressed against the head of the humerus, for which, leaning with the thumb on the upper surface of the shoulder joint, the rest squeeze the artery.

The brachial artery (6) is pressed against the humerus on the inside of the shoulder, to the side of the biceps muscle.

The radial artery (7) is pressed against the underlying bone in the wrist area near the thumb in case of damage to the arteries of the hand.

The femoral artery (8) is pressed in the groin against the pubic bone by pressing with a clenched fist (this is done when the femoral artery is damaged in the middle and lower thirds). In case of arterial bleeding from a wound located in the region of the lower leg or foot, the popliteal artery (9) is pressed in the area of the popliteal fossa, for which the thumbs are placed on the front surface of the knee joint, and the rest are pressed against the artery to the bone.

On the foot, you can press the arteries of the rear of the foot (10) to the underlying bones, then apply a pressure bandage on the foot, and in case of severe arterial bleeding, a tourniquet on the shin area.

After performing finger pressing of the vessel, it is necessary to quickly apply, where possible, a tourniquet or twist and a sterile dressing on the wound.

The imposition of a tourniquet (twisting) is the main way to temporarily stop bleeding in case of damage to large arterial vessels of the extremities. The tourniquet is applied to the thigh, lower leg, shoulder and forearm above the site of bleeding, closer to the wound, on clothing or a soft bandage lining so as not to pinch the skin. The tourniquet is applied with enough force to stop the bleeding. With too much compression of the tissues, the nerve trunks of the limb are injured to a greater extent. If the tourniquet is not applied tightly enough, arterial bleeding increases, since only the veins are compressed, through which the outflow of blood from the limb is carried out. The correct application of the tourniquet is controlled by the absence of a pulse in the peripheral vessel.

The time of applying the tourniquet, indicating the date, hour and minute, is noted in a note that is placed under the tourniquet so that it is clearly visible. The limb, tied with a tourniquet, is warmly covered, especially in winter, but not covered with heating pads. The affected person is injected with an analgesic from a syringe tube.

Syringe tube(Fig. 15) consists of a polyethylene body, an injection needle and a protective cap; It is intended for single administration of drugs intramuscularly or subcutaneously.

Rice. 15. Syringe tube: a - general view: 1 - body, 2 - cannula with a needle, 3 - protective cap, b - use: 1 - piercing the membrane in the body by turning the cannula until it stops, 2 - removing the cap from the needle, 3 - needle insertion position

To administer an analgesic, the syringe tube is taken by the body with the right hand, the ribbed rim of the cannula is taken with the left hand, the body is turned until it stops. Remove the cap protecting the needle. Without touching the needle with your hands, it is injected into the soft tissues of the upper third of the outer surface of the thigh, the upper third of the shoulder from behind, into the outer upper quadrant of the buttocks. Strongly squeezing the body of the syringe tube with your fingers, squeeze out the contents and, without opening your fingers, remove the needle. The used syringe-tube is pinned to the clothes of the affected person on the chest, which at the subsequent stages of evacuation indicates the introduction of an analgesic to him.

The tourniquet on the limb should be kept for no more than 1.5-2 hours in order to avoid necrosis of the limb below the place where the tourniquet was applied. In cases where 2 hours have passed since its application, it is necessary to press the artery with a finger, slowly, under pulse control, loosen the tourniquet for 5-10 minutes and then apply it again a little higher than the previous place. This temporary removal of the tourniquet is repeated every hour until the affected person is provided with surgical assistance, while each time a note is made. If the tourniquet is tubular, without a chain and a hook at the ends, its ends are tied into a knot.

In the absence of a tourniquet, arterial bleeding can be stopped by applying a twist (Fig. 16) or by maximum flexion of the limb and its fixation in this position.

Rice. 16. Stopping arterial bleeding by twisting: a - c - sequence of operations

To stop bleeding with a twist, use a rope, a twisted scarf, strips of fabric. An impromptu tourniquet can be a trouser belt, which is folded in the form of a double loop, put on a limb and tightened.

A temporary stop of external venous and capillary bleeding is carried out by applying a pressure sterile bandage to the wound (cover it with sterile napkins or a bandage in 3-4 layers, put absorbent cotton on top and tightly fix it with a bandage) and give the damaged part of the body an elevated position relative to the body. In some cases, a temporary stop of venous and capillary bleeding may become final. The final stop of arterial, and in some cases, venous bleeding is carried out during surgical treatment of wounds.

In case of internal bleeding, an ice pack is placed on the intended bleeding area, the affected person is immediately taken to a medical facility.

Questions and tasks. 1. What are the ways to temporarily stop arterial bleeding? 2. Which arteries and where are pressed to stop bleeding? 3. What are the rules for applying a hemostatic tourniquet and twisting? 4. Apply a tourniquet to the thigh, shoulder, shin, forearm. 5. Put the trouser belt on the shoulder in the form of a double loop. Put a twist on your shoulder. 6. How do venous and capillary bleeding stop? 7. How is the syringe tube arranged and what are the rules for using it?

Arterial bleeding is an open injury, which, if untimely provided first aid, can lead to the death of a person. It is considered the most dangerous of all possible types of blood loss.

Before providing medical assistance, you should make sure that this is it. A distinctive feature of such a wound will be that the blood will literally splash out of it in a fountain, due to heartbeats and pressure. The blood itself will have a pronounced red color. In this state, the victim will be very pale and weak. His face will be covered with sweat very quickly. There may be dizziness, drowsiness, panic attack and fainting. Also, people in this condition may experience thirst and dry mouth. Their pulse is weakened.

Before considering first aid for arterial bleeding, it is necessary to say about such existing types of blood loss:

Bleeding from the affected veins is accompanied by the appearance of dark red blood.
Capillary bleeding is accompanied by a small release of scarlet blood.
Mixed bleeding is characterized by simultaneous damage to veins, capillaries and blood vessels.
Arterial bleeding is characterized by a complete or partial rupture of an artery vessel.

In the event that first aid for arterial bleeding is not provided within the next few minutes after the moment of damage, the patient will die from blood loss and there will be a fatal outcome. In this state, there is an instant loss of blood, because of which the body simply does not have time to activate protective functions. This leads to a lack of blood for the work of the heart, oxygen deficiency and myocardial arrest.

If the femoral artery of the limb was damaged, then the patient can have a variety of consequences - from gangrene and infection, to the need to amputate the leg.

Also, with severe blood loss, whether it be a shoulder, neck or limb, the patient often develops a hematoma. She needs prompt removal.

As can be understood from the above, first aid for arterial bleeding is the algorithm of medical actions, on the correctness of which a person’s life and further treatment largely depend.

You can learn about the rules of first aid for blood loss on the training video.

The basics of PMP for arterial bleeding are studied at school on life safety, however, in a critical situation, few people can really accurately stop arterial bleeding.

PMP for arterial bleeding largely depends on the specific location of the wound.

Due to the fact that this type of blood loss requires immediate assistance, the person providing it should know the following rules:

In this case, it is impossible to delay, therefore, the assessment of the patient's condition is carried out in a matter of seconds.
If necessary, the clothing may be torn or cut, as this will still need to be done in order to be able to make a normal inspection of the damage.
In a critical situation, dressing and clamping the wound can be done with improvised means - a belt, a scarf, and something like that.
If the primary source of bleeding is uncertain, you can press your hands on the wound itself until the exact location of the injury is clarified. Usually this is done with abdominal wounds.

Stopping arterial bleeding on the forearm involves raising the patient's hand and laying it behind the head. Next, the person providing assistance needs to position himself behind the victim, pinch the vessel with his fingers, feel for the depression between the muscles and strongly press this area against the bone tissue.

PMP for arterial bleeding of the carotid artery involves clamping the wound with the thumb, when the remaining fingers are located on the back of the patient's head. It is worth remembering that the carotid artery should always be clamped below the injury site.

temporal artery you need to squeeze with your fingers just above the upper edge from the ear.

Artery in the thigh as strongly as possible is squeezed by the hand and pressed against the pubic bone. In thin victims, this vessel is very easy to press against the thigh.

Maxillary artery should be pressed against the edge of the chewing muscle.

Stop arterial bleeding of the leg should occur by pressing the popliteal cavity of the patient. Next, bend your leg at the knee.

At vascular lesions of the upper extremities you need to insert a fist into the armpit and press the injured hand to the body.

PMP for arterial bleeding involves clamping, but not squeezing the artery. At the same time, correct clamping requires a sufficiently large force, since it will take quite a long time to keep the artery in this position.

It is also worth knowing that while one person presses the artery, the other during this time must find a tourniquet and gauze in order to proceed to the second stage of assistance.

Ways to stop arterial bleeding are selected individually, depending on the nature and complexity of the wound. This may be a tourniquet or digital clamping of the artery.

Ways to stop venous bleeding are less complicated. They involve the imposition of a tight bandage bandage.

There are such features of the application of the tourniquet:

In case of damage to the upper limbs, the tourniquet is applied to the upper part of the shoulder.
In case of local damage to the artery on the lower limb, two tourniquets can be used. The second will overlap slightly above the first.
If the carotid artery is damaged, a bandage should be placed under the tourniquet so as not to cause even more injury to the person and prevent the air flow from being squeezed.
In winter, the tourniquet should be applied for half an hour. In summer, it can be held for no more than an hour, after which it can be loosened so that the blood goes down into the leg again.
The tourniquet is applied only if the large vessels of the body are damaged. With minor venous damage, the wound only needs to be bandaged tightly.
After the tourniquet has been applied, the injured part of the body should not be covered with clothing so that the doctor can monitor the condition of the patient's wound.

The technique of applying a tourniquet is simple. First, the damaged area must be wrapped with gauze. Next, raise the limb and stretch the tourniquet. Wrap it around the limb twice. In this case, the tourniquet should not be tightly applied so as not to pinch the limb too much. At the end, the tourniquet is fixed and the patient is taken to the hospital.

In the event that the tourniquet is correctly applied, the flow of blood should completely stop. Under it, be sure to enclose a note indicating the last time the bandage was applied.

Unfortunately, when applying a tourniquet, people often make mistakes. This may be the application of a tourniquet without sufficient indications for the procedure or its application to bare skin, which will lead to necrosis of soft tissues.

Also, an incorrect localization of the application of the tourniquet and its weak tightening is considered a mistake, which will only increase bleeding.

Another mistake is considered to be a long stay of the tourniquet in a tightened state, which creates conditions for gangrene, infection and necrosis.

There is the following technique for applying a compressive dry bandage:

Put on gloves and carefully inspect the wound.
Treat the wound with an antiseptic.
Apply sterile napkins to the wound and wrap tightly with a bandage on top.
Secure with a bandage.
Take the patient to the doctor.

Finger pressing of the arteries is used in all cases of injury to the head (including the jaw and temporal region) and neck, when bleeding cannot be left with a traditional surviving bandage.

Finger pressure on the arteries is convenient because it is a quick method to stop bleeding without applying a bandage. The disadvantage of this practice is that the person who provides assistance cannot move away from the patient in order to come to the aid of other wounded patients.

The points of digital pressure of the arteries differ according to the anatomical site of the lesion. Thus, when bleeding in the temporal artery, it must be pinched with two fingers in the auricle area.

For bleeding that is localized at the bottom of the facial part, you need to use this technique in the area located in the area between the jaw and chin of a person.

If the carotid artery is affected, you need to press on the front of the neck with your thumb.

In case of a shoulder injury, it is necessary to clamp the brachial artery. To do this, you need to press the artery with your finger to the bone and bend your arm.

If the femoral artery is damaged, a lot of force will be required. You need to pinch it with fingers folded together (right hand). From above, press with the other hand.

Also, with severe bleeding, you can use the 3D method. It consists in strong and constant pressure with the hands on the wound for ten minutes.

Remember that self-medication is dangerous for your health! Be sure to consult with your doctor! The information on the site is presented for informational purposes only and does not claim to be reference and medical accuracy, is not a guide to action.

Therefore, digital pressure on the arteries may be temporary, but the only way out of the situation until medical help arrives.

Immediate compression of a bleeding vessel is resorted to not only at the scene, but also during surgery in case of damage to the arterial trunk. One of the surgeons presses the supposed site of the rupture, the other ligates the artery higher or applies a clamp.

Places of pressure of the main arteries

What you need to know for pressing

It is impossible to squeeze the vessel between the fingers, because:

it is not visible at all in the bleeding wound;
at the same time, contaminated scraps of clothing and bone fragments can surround the site of injury.

Therefore, during arterial bleeding, the main adducting (main) vessel is clamped not in the wound, but above it - “throughout”. This reduces blood flow to the injury site. Not everyone knows anatomy well. The caregiver should only be familiar with the location of the main pressure points.

They were not chosen arbitrarily, but in accordance with the direction of the vessels and the nearest anatomical bone formations. For pressure to be effective, the artery must be clamped on both sides.

The method is completely inapplicable in case of a bone fracture at the point of the intended compression.

Since bleeding requires emergency care, the following rules should be followed:

delay is dangerous for the life of the victim, so the assessment of the condition is carried out instantly (kind of a pulsating wound);
if necessary, you can tear or cut part of the victim’s clothing, this will still have to be done to inspect the wound;
compression methods are recommended either only with the thumbs, or by covering the hand so that the thumb is located at the desired point, however, after 10 minutes, the rescuer may experience cramps and pain in the hands, so in practice you have to adapt and press with your fist;
if the origin of bleeding is unclear, then it is allowed to press the palms on the wound itself until the localization of the damage is clarified (this is done for wounds in the stomach);
it is necessary to hold the pressure until the pressure bandage is applied, if after that the bleeding increases, the pressure will have to be repeated.

Let's consider specific places of pressing.

Brachial artery

The nearest point lies between the muscles of the shoulder.

The victim's hand should be raised or placed behind the head.
It is more convenient to be behind the patient.
The clamping of the vessel is carried out with four fingers of the hand from the outside or with a girth from the inside.
A depression is felt between the muscles below the shoulder joint by 1/3 of the shoulder and this place is strongly pressed against the bone.

Pressing the brachial artery from the position in front (a) and behind (b)

axillary artery

Bleeding in the upper arm may be due to damage to the axillary artery. Pressing is carried out from the inside to the head of the humerus using a circular coverage of the shoulder with two hands and pressure in the axillary region.

femoral artery

The pressure point is located in the inguinal zone, approximately in the middle of the fold. Here the artery presses against the femur.

The caregiver should kneel on the side of the injured leg.
With both first fingers of the hands, you need to press on the point in the groin, while the other fingers cover the thigh.
It is necessary to press with all the weight, resting on straight arms.

Carotid artery

Pressing the carotid artery is required for bleeding from the vessels of the head, submandibular region, and upper neck. The situation is complicated by the impossibility of applying a circular pressure bandage on the neck, because the victim will suffocate.

Therefore, pressing is carried out on the side of the wound with the thumb, when the rest are located on the back of the victim's head, or with four fingers when approaching from behind. It is important to take into account the direction of blood through the carotid artery: it is clamped below the injury site.

In this way, the carotid artery is pressed

The desired point is in the middle of the anterior surface of the cervical muscle. Turn the wounded head in the opposite direction and it will be clearly visible. The artery is pressed against the spinous processes of the vertebrae.

subclavian artery

In case of injuries to the head, shoulder joint and neck, except for the carotid one, the subclavian artery can be pressed. To do this, with the first finger from above, you need to press strongly into the hole behind the collarbone.

The first rib is located behind the clavicle, the vessel is pressed against it

Maxillary and temporal arteries

Wounds and injuries of the face are accompanied by severe bleeding due to the massive blood supply to this area.

In the lower part of the face, the jaw artery requires stopping bleeding. It is pressed with a finger to the lower jaw.

The temporal artery is pressed in front of the auricle.

Bleeding from a hand or foot

Usually, bleeding from the vessels of the hand and foot is not life-threatening. But to reduce blood loss and during the preparation of a pressure bandage, finger pressure can be applied. The limb should be raised. The hand is squeezed with a circular grip in the region of the middle third of the forearm. On the foot, it is necessary to press the vessels from the back.

Pressing the artery requires force from the first aid provider, so you should try to attract the attention of others and call an ambulance. At the same time, you do not need to think about observing the rules of asepsis and antisepsis, washing hands, disinfecting the skin. The loss of time aggravates the condition of the victim.

The rescuer, providing assistance without gloves, exposes himself to the risk of infection from the victim with infections transmitted through the blood (viral hepatitis, AIDS). This must be reckoned with and pass the necessary laboratory tests in the clinic.

First aid for arterial bleeding: basics, consequences

Arterial bleeding is an open injury, which, if untimely provided first aid, can lead to the death of a person. It is considered the most dangerous of all possible types of blood loss.

Before considering first aid for arterial bleeding, it is necessary to say about such existing types of blood loss:

Bleeding from the affected veins is accompanied by the appearance of dark red blood.
Capillary bleeding is accompanied by a small release of scarlet blood.
Mixed bleeding is characterized by simultaneous damage to veins, capillaries and blood vessels.
Arterial bleeding is characterized by a complete or partial rupture of an artery vessel.

If the femoral artery of the limb was damaged, then the patient can have a variety of consequences - from gangrene and infection, to the need to amputate the leg.

Also, with severe blood loss, whether it be a shoulder, neck or limb, the patient often develops a hematoma. She needs prompt removal.

As can be understood from the above, first aid for arterial bleeding is the algorithm of medical actions, on the correctness of which a person’s life and further treatment largely depend.

You can learn about the rules of first aid for blood loss on the training video.

Stopping Arterial Bleeding: Rules and Methods

The basics of PMP for arterial bleeding are studied at school on life safety, however, in a critical situation, few people can really accurately stop arterial bleeding.

PMP for arterial bleeding largely depends on the specific location of the wound.

Due to the fact that this type of blood loss requires immediate assistance, the person providing it should know the following rules:

In this case, it is impossible to delay, therefore, the assessment of the patient's condition is carried out in a matter of seconds.
If necessary, the clothing may be torn or cut, as this will still need to be done in order to be able to make a normal inspection of the damage.
In a critical situation, dressing and clamping the wound can be done with improvised means - a belt, a scarf, and something like that.
If the primary source of bleeding is uncertain, you can press your hands on the wound itself until the exact location of the injury is clarified. Usually this is done with abdominal wounds.

The temporal artery must be squeezed with fingers just above the upper edge from the ear.

The artery on the thigh is squeezed as strongly as possible by the hand and pressed against the pubic bone. In thin victims, this vessel is very easy to press against the thigh.

The jaw artery should be pressed against the edge of the masticatory muscle by hand.

Stop arterial bleeding of the lower leg should occur by pressing the popliteal cavity of the patient. Next, bend your leg at the knee.

In case of damage to the vessels of the upper extremities, a fist should be inserted into the armpit and the injured arm should be pressed against the body.

It is also worth knowing that while one person presses the artery, the other during this time must find a tourniquet and gauze in order to proceed to the second stage of assistance.

Ways to stop arterial bleeding are selected individually, depending on the nature and complexity of the wound. This may be a tourniquet or digital clamping of the artery.

Ways to stop venous bleeding are less complicated. They involve the imposition of a tight bandage bandage.

There are such features of the application of the tourniquet:

In case of damage to the upper limbs, the tourniquet is applied to the upper part of the shoulder.
In case of local damage to the artery on the lower limb, two tourniquets can be used. The second will overlap slightly above the first.
If the carotid artery is damaged, a bandage should be placed under the tourniquet so as not to cause even more injury to the person and prevent the air flow from being squeezed.
In winter, the tourniquet should be applied for half an hour. In summer, it can be held for no more than an hour, after which it can be loosened so that the blood goes down into the leg again.
The tourniquet is applied only if the large vessels of the body are damaged. With minor venous damage, the wound only needs to be bandaged tightly.
After the tourniquet has been applied, the injured part of the body should not be covered with clothing so that the doctor can monitor the condition of the patient's wound.

In the event that the tourniquet is correctly applied, the flow of blood should completely stop. Under it, be sure to enclose a note indicating the last time the bandage was applied.

Also, an incorrect localization of the application of the tourniquet and its weak tightening is considered a mistake, which will only increase bleeding.

Another mistake is considered to be a long stay of the tourniquet in a tightened state, which creates conditions for gangrene, infection and necrosis.

There is the following technique for applying a compressive dry bandage:

Put on gloves and carefully inspect the wound.
Treat the wound with an antiseptic.
Apply sterile napkins to the wound and wrap tightly with a bandage on top.
Secure with a bandage.
Take the patient to the doctor.

Arterial Finger Compression and Key Points to Know

Finger pressing of the arteries is used in all cases of injury to the head (including the jaw and temporal region) and neck, when bleeding cannot be left with a traditional surviving bandage.

For bleeding that is localized at the bottom of the facial part, you need to use this technique in the area located in the area between the jaw and chin of a person.

If the carotid artery is affected, you need to press on the front of the neck with your thumb.

In case of a shoulder injury, it is necessary to clamp the brachial artery. To do this, you need to press the artery with your finger to the bone and bend your arm.

If the femoral artery is damaged, a lot of force will be required. You need to pinch it with fingers folded together (right hand). From above, press with the other hand.

Also, with severe bleeding, you can use the 3D method. It consists in strong and constant pressure with the hands on the wound for ten minutes.

Finger pressing of the artery is the most affordable and fastest way to temporarily stop bleeding. It is used in preparation for the application of a tourniquet or twist.

Most accessible to pinching an artery. suitable near the bone or above it: temporal, mandibular, common carotid, subclavian, axillary, brachial, radial, femoral, anterior tibial and dorsal foot artery.

temporal artery pressed with one or more fingers when bleeding from wounds on the head, in particular in the temple area. It is located anterior to the auricle.

Mandibular artery pressed with one finger in case of damage to the vessels of the face. It is located between the chin and the angle of the lower jaw.

The common carotid artery is a large vessel. Bleeding from it is very life-threatening. The common carotid artery runs along the anterior surface of the neck to the side of the larynx. When bleeding, it is pressed against the cervical vertebrae with 4 fingers below the wound. Then the damaged artery is plugged with a dense lump of a sterile bandage or sterile wipes. After that, a pressure bandage is applied to the wound surface.

subclavian artery fixed to 1 rib (above the collarbone) when the wound is located high on the shoulder or in the area of the shoulder joint.

axillary artery pressed against the head of the humerus to stop bleeding from wounds in the middle or lower third of the shoulder. To perform this technique, you need to lean your thumb on the surface of the shoulder joint, squeeze the artery with the rest of your fingers.

With bleeding from the vessels of the lower third of the shoulder and forearm, the brachial artery is pressed with 4 fingers of one hand to the humerus. Support the injured limb with the other hand.

Radial and ulnar arteries fix with fingers 2-3 cm above the wrist joint to the bones of the same name.

femoral artery pressed in the inguinal region with 4 fingers or a fist. The pressure is increased with the help of the second hand, while also using the mass of your body.

Anterior tibial artery block with 4 fingers in case of bleeding from the lower third of the lower leg, the artery of the rear of the foot is pressed with 2 fingers to the bones in the area located above the wound.

Other related news:

Finger pressing of the arteries for bleeding

Finger pressure on the artery is performed in all cases of head and neck injuries if the bleeding cannot be stopped with a pressure bandage. The convenience of digital pressure on the arteries lies in the speed of this method of temporarily stopping bleeding. The main disadvantage of this method is the fact that the person providing assistance cannot move away from the victim to provide assistance to other wounded.

With proper pressure on the artery, bleeding from it should stop.

Rice. 1. Finger pressure of the artery during bleeding.

1 - pressing the radial and radial arteries when the palm is injured;

2 - pressing the temporal artery;

3 - pressing the external maxillary artery;

4 - pressing the carotid artery;

5 - pressing the brachial artery.

When bleeding from the temporal artery, the latter is pressed with two or three fingers at the level of the auricle, in front of it at a distance of 1-2 cm.

With arterial bleeding from the lower half of the face, the thumb of the external-maxillary artery is pressed at a point located between the chin and the angle of the lower jaw, somewhat closer to the latter.

With severe arterial bleeding from the upper half of the neck, the carotid artery is pressed. To do this, a person presses on the front surface of the neck of the wounded with the thumb of his hand on the side of his larynx, clasping the lateral and back surfaces of his neck with the rest of his fingers.

If the person is behind the wounded, then pressing the carotid artery is done by pressing on the front surface of the neck on the side of the larynx with four fingers, while the thumb wraps around the back of the victim's neck.

In order to stop arterial bleeding in high shoulder injuries, the axillary artery is pressed against the head of the humerus. To do this, put one hand on the shoulder joint of the victim and, holding the joint in a stationary state, with four fingers of the other hand, forcefully press on the armpit of the wounded along the line, closer to the front border of the cavity (the line of the front border of armpit hair growth, according to N. And Pirogov).

Rice. 2. Arteries and places of their pressing during bleeding.

1 - temporal artery;

2 - external maxillary artery;

3 - carotid artery;

4 - subclavian artery;

5 - axillary artery;

6 - brachial artery;

7 - radial artery;

9 - palmar artery;

10 - iliac artery;

11 - femoral artery;

12 - popliteal artery;

13 - anterior tibial artery;

14 - posterior tibial artery;

15 - artery of the foot.

In case of injuries of the shoulder, forearm and hand, finger pressing of the brachial artery is performed to stop arterial bleeding. To do this, a person, standing facing the wounded man, clasps his shoulder with his hand so that the thumb is located at the inner edge of the biceps muscle of the shoulder. When pressed with the thumb in this position, the brachial artery will inevitably be pressed against the humerus. If the caregiver is behind the victim, then he puts four fingers of his hand on the inner edge of the biceps muscle of the shoulder, and with his thumb wraps around the back and outer surface of the shoulder; while pressing the artery is produced by the pressure of four fingers.

4 - right common carotid;

5 - left common carotid;

12 - posterior tibial;

13 - artery of the rear of the foot.

With arterial bleeding from the vessels of the lower limb, digital pressing of the femoral artery is performed in the inguinal region to the pelvic bones. To this end, the nurse must press the thumbs of both hands on the inguinal region of the victim, somewhat closer to the inner edge, where the pulsation of the femoral artery is clearly felt.

Pressing the femoral artery requires considerable force, so it is also recommended to perform it with four fingers of one hand folded together while pressing on them with the other hand.

Finger pressure on the arteries

This is a preparatory method that makes it possible to reduce blood loss and move on to another more reliable method. The indication is arterial bleeding. Advantages: efficient; possible in the absence of dressing material. Disadvantages: the possibility of transportation to a medical institution is excluded; requires considerable effort (enough for a few minutes). The bleeding vessel is pressed in those places where the artery is located superficially against the bone, to which it can be pressed (with a finger or fist). Stopping external bleeding from wounds of the head and neck is carried out by pressing the artery below the wound. and from the wounds on the torso above the wound. The limbs give an elevated position.

Places of pressing of arteries at bleeding from:

press the temporal artery with your thumb in front of the auricle, the remaining fingers on the parietal region;

press the mandibular artery to the lower edge of the lower jaw at the border of the posterior and middle thirds;

press the carotid artery against the transverse process of the sixth cervical vertebra along the inner edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, approximately in the middle of its length.

If the wound is on the left side of the neck:

The rescuer is facing the victim;

The artery is pressed with the thumb of the right hand, the remaining fingers on the back of the head.

If the wound is on the right side of the neck:

The rescuer is behind the victim;

The artery is pressed with four fingers of the right hand, thumb on the back of the head.

If the victim is lying on his back:

The rescuer is at his head;

Turn the head of the wounded person in the opposite direction from the injury (healthy);

The thumb of the hand is fixed on the chin area, and the remaining four fingers are placed along the course of the carotid artery and pressed against it.

Grasp the back of the neck with your fingers, and with your thumb press the subclavian artery to the first rib in the supraclavicular fossa outward from the attachment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle to the sternum;

The rescuer is on the side of the victim;

If the wounded man is lying, turn his head to the uninjured side.

5) wounds in the area of the shoulder joint and shoulder girdle:

With the thumb, the axillary artery is pressed against the head of the humerus along the anterior edge of hair growth in the armpit, and with four fingers they grasp the back surface of the shoulder;

The rescuer is on the side of the victim.

6) wounds of the middle third of the shoulder, forearm, hand:

The brachial artery is pressed against the humerus with four fingers on the inside of the biceps muscle, the thumb on the back of the shoulder;

The rescuer is behind the wounded.

Press the radial (on the side of the thumb) or ulnar (on the side of the little finger) artery with four fingers, the thumb on the back of the forearm.

Press the femoral artery in the region of the inguinal fold to the pelvic bone (horizontal branch of the pubic bone) with the thumbs with the other fingers of both hands grasping the thigh;

You can press the artery with your fist, increasing the pressure by grabbing the right wrist with the left hand;

In obese people, you can press the artery with your knee.

With severe bleeding, excitement makes it difficult to remember the previously learned “pressure points”, therefore, at present, a simple method is more often recommended - “direct pressure on the wound”.

Compression of the arteries during heavy bleeding

What is artery compression?

With severe bleeding, the person providing first aid must do everything promptly and very quickly. However, there is not always an appropriate dressing at hand for applying a bandage, so you have to resort to temporary measures: stopping the bleeding with finger pressure on the corresponding blood vessel. The blood vessel is pressed until a bandage is applied to stop the bleeding.

Pressing the damaged vessel against the adjacent bone

Arterial bleeding can be stopped by finger pressing the injured vessel to the adjacent bone above the injury site, followed by the imposition of a tight bandage. Pressing the artery is usually carried out with all fingers of one hand: four fingers on one side, and the thumb on the other. There is another way, for example, pressing the femoral artery is carried out only with the thumbs. When the artery is pressed, bleeding from the wound stops.

How to properly press the artery during bleeding?

The main places of pressing the arteries: shoulder, groin, neck or collarbone.

Compression of the brachial artery

Kneel at the head of the wounded.
Raise your injured arm up.
With your right hand from below, grab the wounded shoulder. Place four fingers on the inner surface of the shoulder, thumb on the outer.
Use four fingers on the inner surface between the muscles of the shoulder to find a recess. Then, with four fingers, press the brachial artery against the humerus, at the same time with your thumb, pressing on the other side.
While pressing on the artery, hold until a pressure bandage is applied. Then try to let go of your hand, but if blood seeps through the pressure bandage, the artery should be immediately pressed again, and another one should be applied on top of the applied pressure bandage and bandaged even tighter.

Compression of the femoral artery

Kneel in front of the wounded from the side of the thigh and inspect the wound.
Feel the inguinal fold and, in its middle, press the femoral artery with your thumbs, grasp the wounded leg on both sides with the rest of your fingers.
The arms should be extended, then with all your weight press the femoral artery against the femur.
It is necessary to press hard until the bleeding stops. Then apply a pressure bandage.

Compression of the cervical artery

With various head injuries, it is also necessary to stop the bleeding, otherwise there may be a threat to the life of the victim. Due to the fact that a pressure bandage cannot be applied to the neck (the wounded may suffocate), pressing is in this case the only way to provide first aid.
If the carotid artery is damaged, then the wounded person can survive only if the person providing first aid immediately presses the artery. The carotid artery must be pressed with the thumb to the neck, the other fingers in this case are located on the back of the head of the wounded.
There is another way to stop bleeding from a damaged head artery - you can press the subclavian artery. For this purpose, the artery is pressed against the posterior surface of the clavicle with two fingers.

It is not necessary to stop the blood with bare hands due to the possibility of infection in the wound, however, in exceptional cases, the use of this method is inevitable: with severe bleeding and a threat to human life.

Sometimes the rescuer cannot immediately find a place to press the artery. In case of damage to a large artery, one should not waste time searching, it is necessary to immediately stop the bleeding by pressing the wound itself. In the meantime, the second rescuer may spend more time searching and press down on the artery itself.

With severe bleeding and the presence of a foreign body in the wound, the application of a pressure bandage is prohibited. It is necessary to press the artery and wait for the arrival of the doctor.

Before starting treatment, consult your doctor.

Arterial bleeding is an open injury, which, if untimely provided first aid, can lead to the death of a person. It is considered the most dangerous of all possible types of blood loss.

Before considering first aid for arterial bleeding, it is necessary to say about such existing types of blood loss:

Bleeding from the affected veins is accompanied by the appearance of dark red blood.
Capillary bleeding is accompanied by a small release of scarlet blood.
Mixed bleeding is characterized by simultaneous damage to veins, capillaries and blood vessels.
Arterial bleeding is characterized by a complete or partial rupture of an artery vessel.

If the femoral artery of the limb was damaged, then the patient can have a variety of consequences - from gangrene and infection, to the need to amputate the leg.

Also, with severe blood loss, whether it be a shoulder, neck or limb, the patient often develops a hematoma. She needs prompt removal.

As can be understood from the above, first aid for arterial bleeding is the algorithm of medical actions, on the correctness of which a person’s life and further treatment largely depend.

You can learn about the rules of first aid for blood loss on the training video.

Stopping Arterial Bleeding: Rules and Methods

The basics of PMP for arterial bleeding are studied at school on life safety, however, in a critical situation, few people can really accurately stop arterial bleeding.

PMP for arterial bleeding largely depends on the specific location of the wound.

Due to the fact that this type of blood loss requires immediate assistance, the person providing it should know the following rules:

In this case, it is impossible to delay, therefore, the assessment of the patient's condition is carried out in a matter of seconds.
If necessary, the clothing may be torn or cut, as this will still need to be done in order to be able to make a normal inspection of the damage.
In a critical situation, dressing and clamping the wound can be done with improvised means - a belt, a scarf, and something like that.
If the primary source of bleeding is uncertain, you can press your hands on the wound itself until the exact location of the injury is clarified. Usually this is done with abdominal wounds.

temporal artery you need to squeeze with your fingers just above the upper edge from the ear.

Artery in the thigh as strongly as possible is squeezed by the hand and pressed against the pubic bone. In thin victims, this vessel is very easy to press against the thigh.

Maxillary artery should be pressed against the edge of the chewing muscle.

Stop arterial bleeding of the leg should occur by pressing the popliteal cavity of the patient. Next, bend your leg at the knee.

At vascular lesions of the upper extremities you need to insert a fist into the armpit and press the injured hand to the body.

It is also worth knowing that while one person presses the artery, the other during this time must find a tourniquet and gauze in order to proceed to the second stage of assistance.

Ways to stop arterial bleeding are selected individually, depending on the nature and complexity of the wound. This may be a tourniquet or digital clamping of the artery.

Ways to stop venous bleeding are less complicated. They involve the imposition of a tight bandage bandage.

There are such features of the application of the tourniquet:

In case of damage to the upper limbs, the tourniquet is applied to the upper part of the shoulder.
In case of local damage to the artery on the lower limb, two tourniquets can be used. The second will overlap slightly above the first.
If the carotid artery is damaged, a bandage should be placed under the tourniquet so as not to cause even more injury to the person and prevent the air flow from being squeezed.
In winter, the tourniquet should be applied for half an hour. In summer, it can be held for no more than an hour, after which it can be loosened so that the blood goes down into the leg again.
The tourniquet is applied only if the large vessels of the body are damaged. With minor venous damage, the wound only needs to be bandaged tightly.
After the tourniquet has been applied, the injured part of the body should not be covered with clothing so that the doctor can monitor the condition of the patient's wound.

In the event that the tourniquet is correctly applied, the flow of blood should completely stop. Under it, be sure to enclose a note indicating the last time the bandage was applied.

Also, an incorrect localization of the application of the tourniquet and its weak tightening is considered a mistake, which will only increase bleeding.

Another mistake is considered to be a long stay of the tourniquet in a tightened state, which creates conditions for gangrene, infection and necrosis.

There is the following technique for applying a compressive dry bandage:

Put on gloves and carefully inspect the wound.
Treat the wound with an antiseptic.
Apply sterile napkins to the wound and wrap tightly with a bandage on top.
Secure with a bandage.
Take the patient to the doctor.

Arterial Finger Compression and Key Points to Know

Finger pressing of the arteries is used in all cases of injury to the head (including the jaw and temporal region) and neck, when bleeding cannot be left with a traditional surviving bandage.

For bleeding that is localized at the bottom of the facial part, you need to use this technique in the area located in the area between the jaw and chin of a person.

If the carotid artery is affected, you need to press on the front of the neck with your thumb.

In case of a shoulder injury, it is necessary to clamp the brachial artery. To do this, you need to press the artery with your finger to the bone and bend your arm.

If the femoral artery is damaged, a lot of force will be required. You need to pinch it with fingers folded together (right hand). From above, press with the other hand.

Also, with severe bleeding, you can use the 3D method. It consists in strong and constant pressure with the hands on the wound for ten minutes.

The method of digital pressing of the arterial trunk throughout is based on squeezing the wall of the main vessel between the finger and the bone at certain anatomical points.

This manipulation is indispensable when it is impossible to immediately provide more radical assistance.

Patient position:

manipulation technique:

On the extremities, finger pressing of the arterial trunk is carried out proximal to the site of its injury, on the neck and head - distally.
Compression of the vessels is performed with several fingers, but most effectively with the first two fingers of both hands.
The temporal artery is pressed above and anterior to the auricle.
Carotid artery - in the middle of the anterointernal edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle to the transverse process of the VI cervical vertebra.
External maxillary artery - to the lower edge of the lower jaw at the border of the posterior and middle thirds.
The temporal artery is pressed against the temporal bone in the temple area, in front of and above the ear tragus.
Subclavian artery - above the clavicle to the 1st rib (it is better to apply a sharp abduction of the arm backwards and downwards, while the artery will press against the 1st rib with the clavicle).
The axillary artery is pressed in the armpit to the head of the humerus.
Brachial artery - to the humerus along the inner edge of the biceps muscle.
The ulnar artery is pressed against the ulna in the upper third of the inner surface of the forearm.
Bleeding from the arteries of the hand is stopped by simultaneously pressing the ulnar and radial arteries to the bones of the same name along the palmar surface of the lower third of the forearm.
The abdominal aorta is pressed with a fist, placing it to the left of the navel to the spinal column.
Femoral artery - to the horizontal branch of the pubic bone below the pupart ligament near its middle.
Popliteal artery - in the middle of the popliteal fossa with a half-bent knee joint to the posterior surface of the condyles of the femur or tibia.
On the foot at the same time (with both hands) they press the dorsal artery of the foot in the middle of the distance between the outer and inner ankles, below the ankle joint to the 1st metatarsal bone and the posterior tibia - behind the inner ankle.

Tourniquet technique

Equipment:

Esmarch's tourniquet.

Patient position:

The patient lies on his back or sits.

manipulation tactics:

The limb is raised before applying the tourniquet, if there is no fracture.
A tourniquet should be applied 8-10 cm proximal to the site of injury to the blood vessel (unreasonable shutdown of the blood supply to a large section of the limb segment contributes to an appropriate extent to the development of tissue hypoxia, disruption of trophic processes, accumulation of toxic decay products of non-viable tissues, creation of favorable conditions for the development of anaerobic infection; after removal of the tourniquet the entry into the bloodstream of a significant amount of toxic substances causes or aggravates the state of shock of the victim).
The tourniquet should be applied to clothing or the place of application should be wrapped evenly with a towel or diaper. It is necessary to apply a tourniquet with a dosed effort, achieving only a stop of bleeding. An indicator of sufficient compression is the disappearance of the pulse on the arterial vessels of the peripheral part of the limb.
The tourniquet is placed, making a full turn and dosed stretching that part of it that wrapped around the limb. Subsequent rounds lie on top, completely or two-thirds overlapping the previous one.
The limb with the applied tourniquet must be immobilized.
If, in addition to bleeding, there is a bone fracture, then it is advisable to apply the tourniquet to the limb, if possible, outside the level of the fracture.
The tourniquet can be kept for no more than 1.5 hours on the upper and 2 hours on the lower limb. If the delivery of the victim cannot be ensured within the specified time, the tourniquet should be loosened or removed every hour for several minutes, and if bleeding resumes, it should be applied again, but slightly higher than the site of the first application.
The time of application of the tourniquet must be noted in the accompanying note.
At the first opportunity, the tourniquet must be relaxed or removed, replacing it with a pressure bandage.

Stopping bleeding with a tourniquet in case of injury to the carotid and axillary arteries has certain features, due to the anatomical features of the neck and axillary region.

When the carotid artery is injured, a tourniquet is applied using the Cramer splint on the opposite healthy side of the neck, improvised means in the form of a piece of board or stick, the raised arm (shoulder) of the victim. Under the fingers squeezing the carotid artery, a cotton-gauze roller, rolled bandage, etc. should be placed longitudinally (along the artery). Then, without releasing the finger, the tourniquet is applied according to the general rules, while on the healthy side it passes along the tire, which protects the unwounded carotid artery from compression.

When the axillary artery (its distal part) is injured in the region of the head of the humerus, a tourniquet is applied in the form of a figure eight. Without stopping the finger pressing, the middle of the tourniquet is carried out under the finger. Then, stretching strongly, the tourniquet in its middle part is crossed over the collarbone. Its ends are connected in a healthy axillary region. It is advisable to place a cotton-gauze roller, rolled bandage, etc. under the tourniquet on the wounded artery.

Errors and complications when applying a tourniquet:

Tourniquet application without sufficient evidence.
Applying a tourniquet to bare skin can cause ischemia or tissue necrosis.
Wrong choice of place for applying a tourniquet (a gross mistake when a tourniquet is applied to the thigh or shoulder when the blood vessels of the foot or hand are injured).
Weak tightening of the tourniquet leads to compression of only the vein, which leads to congestive hyperemia in the limb and increased bleeding.
Prolonged stay of the tourniquet on the limb can lead to nerve damage (paresis, paralysis), ischemic contracture and even gangrene of part or all of the limb and creates favorable conditions for the development of anaerobic infection.
A patient with a tourniquet applied should be urgently sent to a medical institution for the final stop of bleeding.

In a situation where severe bleeding cannot be controlled with a pressure bandage, finger pressure on the arteries should be noted. This is one of the most effective ways to provide first aid, which in an emergency allows you to save the life of the victim.

What are the signs of arterial bleeding? There are several types of bleeding - it is arterial, venous and capillary. Arterial blood loss is damage to the artery that carries blood from the heart to tissues and organs. The blood in the artery is enriched with oxygen, so it has a bright scarlet color. Unlike venous bleeding, when blood flows out of the wound very slowly, arterial blood loss occurs quickly, under high pressure, throwing out a pulsating stream of blood. Arterial bleeding is life threatening. Finger pressing of the artery is used not only in case of injuries and falls, surgeons often resort to this method if the arterial trunk is damaged during the operation.

How to stop bleeding?

Do not be afraid of this manipulation. The damaged vessel cannot be squeezed with fingers, since it is not visible in the bleeding lesion, scraps of clothing fabric and bone fragments. In case of arterial bleeding, it is necessary to clamp the main vessel not in the wound itself, but slightly higher. As a result, blood flow to the injured area will decrease.

Not everyone knows the basic rules of anatomy, so the one who will carry out the digital pressure must know where the main points of the vessels and arteries are located. They are placed exactly in the direction of the vessels and the nearest bone formations. For the method of emergency blood arrest by pressing the vessels to be effective, the artery must be clamped from two sides.

This method of emergency assistance is categorically unacceptable if the bone is broken at the point of intended compression. This means that the artery must be squeezed with both hands for 10 minutes. If this time is not enough to completely stop the bleeding, the procedure is repeated again.

Basic rules for providing emergency first aid for bleeding:

1. You can not hesitate, every minute can cost the life of the victim. It is important to make an immediate assessment of the situation and take action.
2. If necessary, you can cut or tear clothing, if this is required for a qualitative examination of the wound.
3. The method of digital pressure of the artery is carried out with the thumbs. They are pressed at the right point. If the victim has convulsions and severe pain in the limbs, you can press the point with your fist.
4. In the case of an uncertain cause of blood loss, the wound can be pressed with the palm of your hand. So do with open wounds of the abdomen.
5. It is necessary to press the points on the artery until pressure bandages are applied.

Finding the right points on the body

Let us consider in more detail the main places of finger pressing:

1. To clamp the brachial artery, find the area located between the muscles of the shoulder. The upper limb of the injured person is lifted and laid behind the head. The one who provides assistance at this moment should be located behind the victim.
2. If it is necessary to clamp the shoulder vessel, then the pressure point is located between the muscles of the shoulder, just below the shoulder joint. Having found the necessary point, it should be strongly pressed against the bone.
3. If blood loss is localized in the upper part of the shoulder, then this may be due to impaired functioning of the axillary artery. Clamping is carried out from the inside of the humerus, circular coverage of the shoulder with two thumbs in the armpit.
4. The clamping point of the femoral artery is located in the groin area, approximately on the middle crease. At this point, the artery is strongly pressed against the femur. It is important to take into account some features of the clamping of the femoral artery:

the person who provides first aid should be located on the side of the injured thigh, kneeling;
the thumbs press the inguinal point, and the remaining fingers of the hand clasp the thigh;
it is necessary to press as hard as possible, pressing with the weight of your body, resting on your hands.

Timely measures taken to compress the carotid artery are tantamount to a new birth, since a minute of delay can cost a life. The carotid artery is clamped in case of injuries to the head, vessels of the submandibular region, and injuries of the upper part of the neck. Providing first aid is complicated by the fact that it is impossible to wrap a tight circular bandage around the neck, since the victim will simply suffocate.

It is necessary to properly compress the carotid artery in the following way:

1. The point is pressed with the thumb, while at the same time the remaining fingers are located on the back of the head of the wounded.
2. It is necessary to take into account the direction of blood flow in the carotid artery. The vessel is clamped just below the breaking point.
3. The required point is located approximately in the middle of the cervical muscle. To determine this place, it is necessary to turn the head of the victim to the opposite side.
4. The carotid artery must be pressed against the processes of the cervical vertebrae.

How to clamp the subclavian and temporal vessels?

In a situation where the vessels of the head of the shoulder joint and neck are damaged, it is necessary to press the subclavian artery. To do this, with your thumb, you need to strongly press the point behind the collarbone, pressing it against the first rib. The complexity of another situation lies in the fact that a large number of blood vessels are concentrated on the face. If the lower part of the face is damaged, then for an emergency stop of the blood, it is necessary to clamp the jaw artery. The artery located in the temporal part is pressed with a finger at a point located just above the auricle.