The rulers of the Russian empire in chronological order table. All the kings of Russia in order (with portraits): complete list

The first accession to Russia took place in 1547, when Ivan the Terrible became sovereign. Previously, the throne was occupied by the Grand Duke. Some Russian tsars could not retain power, they were replaced by other rulers. Russia went through different periods: the Time of Troubles, palace coups, the assassinations of tsars and emperors, revolutions, years of terror.

The Rurik family tree was cut short on Fyodor Ioannovich - the son of Ivan the Terrible. For several decades, power passed to different monarchs. In 1613, the Romanovs ascended the throne, after the 1917 revolution this dynasty was overthrown, in Russia the first socialist state in the world was established. The emperors were replaced by chiefs and general secretaries. At the end of the twentieth century, a course was taken to create a democratic society. Citizens began to elect the president of the country by secret ballot.

John the Fourth (1533 - 1584)

The Grand Duke, who became the first tsar of all Russia. Formally, he ascended the throne at the age of 3, when his father, Prince Vasily the Third, died. He officially accepted the royal title in 1547. The sovereign was known for his harsh disposition, for which he received the nickname Terrible. Ivan the Fourth was a reformer, during his reign the Code of Law of 1550 was drawn up, zemstvo meetings began to be convened, changes were made in education, the army, and self-government.

The increase in the territory of Russia was 100%. The Astrakhan and Kazan Khanates were conquered, the development of Siberia, Bashkiria, and the Don Territory began. The last years of the kingdom were marked by setbacks during the Livonian War and the bloody years of the oprichnina, when most of the Russian aristocracy was destroyed.

Fedor Ioannovich (1584 - 1598)

The middle son of Ivan the Terrible. According to one version, he became the heir to the throne in 1581, when his older brother Ivan was killed by his father. He went down in history under the name Fyodor the Blessed. He became the last representative of the Moscow branch of the Rurik dynasty, since he left no heirs. Fyodor Ioannovich, unlike his father, was meek in character and kind.

During his reign, the Moscow Patriarchate was established. Several strategic cities were founded: Voronezh, Saratov, Stary Oskol. The Russian-Swedish war lasted from 1590 to 1595. Russia has returned part of the Baltic Sea coast.

Irina Godunova (1598 - 1598)

Wife of Tsar Fyodor and sister of Boris Godunov. In marriage with her husband, they had only one daughter, who died in infancy. Therefore, after the death of her husband, Irina became the heir to the throne. She was listed as queen for just over a month. Irina Fedorovna led an active social life during her husband's life, even received European ambassadors. But a week after his death, she decided to take a haircut as a nun and go to the Novodevichy Convent. After the tonsure she took the name Alexander. Irina Fyodorovna was listed as tsarina until her brother Boris Fyodorovich was approved as sovereign.

Boris Godunov (1598 - 1605)

Boris Godunov was the brother-in-law of Fyodor Ioannovich. Thanks to a lucky chance, shown ingenuity and cunning, he became the Tsar of Russia. His promotion began in 1570, when he went to the guardsmen. And in 1580 he was awarded the title of boyar. It is generally believed that Godunov ruled the state even during the time of Fyodor Ioannovich (he was not capable of this because of his gentle nature).

Godunov's reign was aimed at the development of the Russian state. He began to actively approach Western countries. Doctors, cultural and statesmen came to Russia. Boris Godunov was known for suspiciousness and repression of the boyars. During his reign, there was a terrible famine. The sovereign even opened the royal barns to feed the hungry peasants. In 1605 he died unexpectedly.

Fedor Godunov (1605 - 1605)

He was an educated young man. He is considered one of the first cartographers in Russia. The son of Boris Godunov, was elevated to the reign at the age of 16, became the last of the Godunovs on the throne. He ruled for a little less than two months, from April 13 to June 1, 1605. Fyodor became tsar during the offensive of the troops of False Dmitry the First. But the governors who led the suppression of the uprising betrayed the Russian tsar and swore allegiance to False Dmitry. Fyodor and his mother were killed in the royal chambers, and their bodies were displayed on Red Square. In a short period of the tsar's reign, the Stone Order was approved - this is an analogue of the Ministry of Construction.

False Dmitry (1605 - 1606)

This king came to power after the uprising. He introduced himself as Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich. He said that he miraculously escaped the son of Ivan the Terrible. There are different versions about the origin of False Dmitry. Some historians say that this is a fugitive monk, Grigory Otrepiev. Others argue that he really could have been Tsarevich Dmitry, who was secretly taken to Poland.

During the year of his reign, he returned many of the repressed boyars from exile, changed the composition of the Duma, and banned bribery. From the side of foreign policy, he was going to start a war with the Turks for access to the Sea of ​​Azov. He opened the borders of Russia for the free movement of foreigners and compatriots. He was killed in May 1606 as a result of the conspiracy of Vasily Shuisky.

Vasily Shuisky (1606 - 1610)

Representative of the Shuisky princes from the Suzdal branch of the Rurikovich. The tsar was not very popular among the people and depended on the boyars who elected him to rule. He tried to strengthen the army. A new military charter was established. During the time of Shuisky, numerous uprisings took place. The rebel Bolotnikov was replaced by False Dmitry the Second (allegedly False Dmitry the First who escaped in 1606). Part of the regions of Russia swore allegiance to the self-appointed king. Also, the country was besieged by Polish troops. In 1610, the ruler was overthrown by the Polish-Lithuanian king. Until the end of his days he lived in Poland in captivity.

Vladislav the Fourth (1610 - 1613)

The son of the Polish-Lithuanian king Sigismund III. He was considered the sovereign of Russia in the Time of Troubles. In 1610 he took the oath of the Moscow boyars. According to the Treaty of Smolensk, he was to take the throne after the adoption of Orthodoxy. But Vladislav did not change his religion and refused to change to Catholicism. He never came to Russia. In 1612, the government of the boyars was overthrown in Moscow, who invited Vladislav IV to the throne. And then it was decided to make Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov tsar.

Mikhail Romanov (1613 - 1645)

The first sovereign of the Romanov dynasty. This clan belonged to the seven largest and oldest families of the Moscow boyars. Mikhail Fedorovich was only 16 years old when he was installed on the throne. His father, Patriarch Filaret, was the informal leader of the country. Officially, he could not be crowned reign, since he had already been tonsured a monk.

During the time of Mikhail Fedorovich, normal trade and economy were restored, undermined by the Time of Troubles. The "eternal peace" was concluded with Sweden and the Commonwealth. The tsar ordered to make an accurate inventory of the land in order to establish a real tax. The regiments of the "new order" were created.

Alexey Mikhailovich (1645 - 1676)

In the history of Russia he was nicknamed the Quietest. The second representative of the Romanov tree. During his reign, the Cathedral Code was established, a census of tax houses was carried out and the male population was enumerated. Alexei Mikhailovich finally attached the peasants to their place of residence. New institutions were founded: orders of Secret Affairs, Accounts, Reitarsky and Bread Affairs. In the time of Alexei Mikhailovich, a church schism began, after the innovations, Old Believers appeared who did not accept the new rules.

In 1654, Russia was united with Ukraine, and the colonization of Siberia continued. By order of the king, copper money was issued. An unsuccessful attempt at a high duty on salt was also introduced, which sparked salt riots.

Fedor Alekseevich (1676 - 1682)

Son of Alexei Mikhailovich and the first wife of Maria Miloslavskaya. He was very painful, like all the children of Tsar Alexei from his first wife. Suffered from scurvy and other illnesses. Fyodor was declared heir after the death of his older brother Alexei. He ascended the throne at the age of fifteen. Fedor was very educated. During his short reign, a complete population census was carried out. A direct tax was introduced. Localism was destroyed and rank books were burned. This excluded the possibility of boyars to occupy commanding positions based on the merits of their ancestors.

A war was fought with the Turks and the Crimean Khanate in 1676-1681. Left-bank Ukraine and Kiev were recognized for Russia. Repressions against the Old Believers continued. Fyodor left no heirs behind him, died at the age of twenty, presumably from scurvy.

John the Fifth (1682 - 1696)

After the death of Fyodor Alekseevich, a twofold situation arose. He had two brothers left, but John was weak in health and mind, and Peter (the son of Alexei Mikhailovich from his second wife) was small in age. The boyars decided to put both brothers in power, and their sister Sophia Alekseevna became their regent. He never dealt with government affairs. All power was concentrated in the hands of the sister and the Naryshkin family. The princess continued to fight the Old Believers. Russia has concluded a profitable "eternal peace" with Poland and an unprofitable treaty with China. She was overthrown in 1696 by Peter the Great and tonsured into a nun.

Peter the First (1682 - 1725)

The first emperor of Russia, known as Peter the Great. He ascended the Russian throne together with his brother Ivan at the age of ten. Before 1696 rules together with him under the regency of sister Sophia. Peter traveled to Europe, learned new crafts and shipbuilding. He turned Russia towards Western European countries. He is one of the most significant reformers in the country.

Its main bills include: reform of local self-government and central government, the creation of the Senate and Collegia, the Synod and General Regulations were organized. Peter ordered to re-equip the army, introduced a regular recruitment of recruits, created a strong fleet. The mining, textile and processing industries began to develop, monetary and educational reforms were carried out.

Under Peter, wars were fought with the aim of seizing an outlet to the sea: the Azov campaigns, the victorious Northern War, which gave access to the Baltic Sea. Russia expanded eastward and towards the Caspian Sea.

Catherine the First (1725 - 1727)

Second wife of Peter the Great. She took the throne, since the last will of the emperor remained unclear. In the two years of the empress's reign, all power was concentrated in the hands of Menshikov and the Privy Council. During the reign of Catherine the First, the Supreme Privy Council was created, the role of the Senate was minimized. Long wars during the time of Peter the Great affected the country's finances. The price of bread rose sharply, famine began in Russia, and the empress lowered the poll tax. No major wars were fought in the country. The time of Catherine the First became famous for the fact that Bering's expedition to the Far North was organized.

Peter II (1727 - 1730)

Grandson of Peter the Great, son of his eldest son Alexei (who was executed at the behest of his father). He ascended the throne at only 11 years old, real power was in the hands of the Menshikovs, and then the Dolgorukovs. Due to his age, he did not have time to show any interest in state affairs.

The traditions of the boyars and outdated orders began to revive. The army and the navy fell into decay. There was an attempt to restore the patriarchate. As a result, the influence of the Privy Council increased, the members of which invited Anna Ioannovna to reign. During the time of Peter II, the capital was moved to Moscow. The emperor died at the age of 14 from smallpox.

Anna Ioannovna (1730 - 1740)

The fourth daughter of King John the Fifth. She was sent by Peter the Great to Courland and married to the Duke, but she was widowed after a couple of months. After the death of Peter II, she was invited to reign, but her powers were limited to the nobles. However, the Empress restored absolutism. The period of her reign went down in history under the name "Bironovschina", after the name of the favorite Biron.

Under Anna Ioannovna, an office of Secret Investigation Affairs was established, which carried out reprisals against the nobles. The fleet was reformed and the construction of ships was restored, which had been slowed down in recent decades. The Empress reinstated the Senate. In foreign policy, the tradition of Peter the Great was continued. As a result of the wars, Russia received Azov (but without the right to maintain a fleet in it) and part of the right-bank Ukraine, Kabarda in the North Caucasus.

John the Sixth (1740 - 1741)

Great-grandson of John the Fifth, son of his daughter Anna Leopoldovna. Anna Ioannovna had no children, but she wanted to leave the throne for the descendants of her father. Therefore, before her death, she appointed her grand-nephew as her successor, and in case of his death, the subsequent children of Anna Leopoldovna.

The emperor came to the throne at the age of two months. His first regent was Biron, a couple of months later there was a palace coup, Biron was sent into exile, and John's mother became regent. But she was in illusion, she was incapable of ruling. Her favorites, Minich, and later Osterman, were overthrown during a new coup, and the little prince was arrested. The emperor spent all his life in captivity, in the Shlisselburg fortress. They tried to free him many times. One of these attempts ended with the assassination of John the Sixth.

Elizaveta Petrovna (1741 - 1762)

Daughter of Peter the Great and Catherine the First. She ascended the throne as a result of a palace coup. She continued the policy of Peter the Great, finally restored the role of the Senate and many Colleges, and abolished the Cabinet of Ministers. Conducted a population census and implemented new taxation reforms. From the cultural side, her reign went down in history as the era of the Enlightenment. In the 18th century, the first university, the Academy of Arts, and the Imperial Theater were opened.

In foreign policy, she adhered to the precepts of Peter the Great. During the years of her power, the victorious Russian-Swedish war and the Seven Years War against Prussia, England and Portugal took place. Immediately after the victory of Russia, the empress died, leaving no heirs behind. And all the received territories were given back by Emperor Peter III to the Prussian king Frederick.

Peter the Third (1762 - 1762)

Grandson of Peter the Great, son of his daughter Anna Petrovna. He reigned for only six months, then, as a result of a palace coup, he was overthrown by his wife Catherine II, and later lost his life. At first, historians assessed the period of his reign as negative for the history of Russia. But then a number of the emperor's merits were appreciated.

Peter abolished the Secret Chancellery, began the secularization (confiscation) of church lands, and stopped persecuting the Old Believers. Adopted the Manifesto on the Liberty of the Nobility. Among the negative aspects is the complete annulment of the results of the Seven Years War and the return of all the conquered territories to Prussia. He died almost immediately after the coup due to unclear circumstances.

Catherine the Second (1762 - 1796)

The wife of Peter III, came to power as a result of a palace coup, overthrowing her husband. Its era went down in history as a period of maximum enslavement of the peasants and extensive privileges to the nobles. So Catherine tried to thank the nobles for the power she had received and to strengthen her strength.

The period of government went down in history as "the policy of enlightened absolutism." Under Catherine, the Senate was transformed, the provincial reform took place, and the Legislative Commission was convened. The secularization of the church lands was completed. Catherine II carried out reforms in almost every area. Police, city, judicial, educational, monetary, customs reforms were carried out. Russia continued to expand its borders. As a result of the wars, the Crimea, the Black Sea region, Western Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania were annexed. Despite significant successes, the era of Catherine is known as a period of prosperity for corruption and favoritism.

Paul the First (1796 - 1801)

Son of Catherine II and Peter III. The relationship between the empress and her son was strained. Catherine saw her grandson Alexander on the Russian throne. But before her death, the will disappeared, so the power passed to Paul. The sovereign issued a law on succession to the throne and prevented women from ruling the country. The senior male representative became the ruler. The position of the nobility was weakened and the position of the peasants improved (a law on three-day corvee was adopted, the poll tax was abolished, and the separate sale of family members was prohibited). Administrative and military reforms were carried out. Drilling and censorship intensified.

Under Paul, Russia joined the anti-French coalition, and troops led by Suvorov liberated Northern Italy from the French. Also, Paul was preparing a campaign to India. He was killed in 1801 during a palace coup organized by his son Alexander.

Alexander the First (1801 - 1825)

The eldest son of Paul the First. He went down in history as Alexander the Blessed. He carried out moderate liberal reforms, their developer was Speransky and members of the Secret Committee. The reforms consisted in an attempt to weaken serfdom (decree on free farmers), replacing Peter's collegia with ministries. A military reform was carried out, according to which military settlements were formed. They contributed to the maintenance of a standing army.

In foreign policy, Alexander maneuvered between England and France, drawing closer to one or the other country. Part of Georgia, Finland, Bessarabia, part of Poland joined Russia. Alexander won the Patriotic War of 1812 with Napoleon. He died unexpectedly in 1825, which gave rise to rumors that the king had gone into a hermit.

Nicholas the First (1825 - 1855)

Third son of Emperor Paul. He rose to reign, since Alexander the First left no heirs behind him, and the second brother, Constantine, renounced the throne. The first days of his accession began with the Decembrist uprising, which the emperor suppressed. The emperor toughened the state of the country, his policy was aimed against the reforms and indulgences of Alexander the First. Nicholas was severe, for which he was nicknamed Palkin (punishment with sticks was the most common in his time).

During the time of Nicholas, the Secret Police were created to track future revolutionaries, the laws of the Russian Empire were codified, the Kankrin monetary reform and the reform of the state peasants were carried out. Russia took part in the wars with Turkey and Persia. At the end of the reign of Nicholas, a difficult Crimean War took place, but the emperor died before reaching its end.

Alexander II (1855 - 1881)

The eldest son of Nicholas, went down in history as a great reformer who ruled in the 19th century. In history, Alexander II was called the Liberator. The emperor had to end the bloody Crimean War, as a result, Russia signed an agreement that infringed on its interests. The great reforms of the emperor include: the abolition of serfdom, the modernization of the financial system, the elimination of military settlements, the reform of secondary and higher education, the judicial and rural reforms, the improvement of local government and military reform, during which there was a rejection of recruits and the introduction of universal military service.

In foreign policy, he adhered to the course of Catherine II. Victories were won in the Caucasian and Russian-Turkish wars. Despite the great reforms, the growth of public discontent continued. The emperor was killed in a successful terrorist attack.

Alexander the Third (1881 - 1894)

During his reign, Russia did not fight a single war, for which Alexander III was named Emperor Peacemaker. He held conservative views and pursued a number of counter-reforms, unlike his father. Alexander the Third adopted the Manifesto on the inviolability of autocracy, increased administrative pressure, and abolished university self-government.

During his reign, the law "On cook's children" was adopted. He limited the possibility of education for children from the lower strata. The situation of the freed peasants improved. The Peasant Bank was opened, redemption payments were lowered and the poll tax was canceled. The emperor's foreign policy was characterized by openness and peace.

Nicholas II (1894 - 1917)

The last emperor of Russia and the representative of the Romanov dynasty on the throne. His rule was characterized by a sharp economic development and the growth of the revolutionary movement. Nicholas II decided to go to war with Japan (1904 - 1905), which was lost. This increased public discontent and led to the revolution (1905 - 1907). As a result, Nicholas II signed a decree on the creation of the Duma. Russia became a constitutional monarchy.

By order of Nicholas at the beginning of the 20th century, an agrarian reform (Stolypin's project), a monetary reform (Witte's project) were carried out and the army was modernized. In 1914, Russia was dragged into the First World War. Which led to the strengthening of the revolutionary movement and the discontent of the people. In February 1917, a revolution took place, and Nicholas was forced to abdicate. He was shot together with his family and courtiers in 1918. The imperial family is canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.

Georgy Lvov (1917 - 1917)

Political leader of Russia, held power from March to July 1917. He was the head of the Provisional Government, bore the title of prince, descended from the distant branches of the Rurikovich. He was appointed by Nicholas II after the signing of the abdication. He was a member of the First State Duma. He worked as the head of the Moscow City Duma. During the First World War, he created an alliance to help the wounded and was involved in the delivery of food and medicine to hospitals. After the failure of the June offensive at the front and the July uprising of the Bolsheviks, Georgy Evgenievich Lvov voluntarily resigned.

Alexander Kerensky (1917 - 1917)

He was the head of the Provisional Government from July to October 1917, until the October Socialist Revolution. He was a lawyer by training, was a member of the Fourth State Duma, a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party. Alexander was the Minister of Justice and Minister of War of the Provisional Government until July. Then he became the chairman of the government, retaining the post of military and naval minister. He was overthrown during the October Revolution and fled Russia. He lived all his life in exile, died in 1970.

Vladimir Lenin (1917 - 1924)

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov is a major Russian revolutionary. Leader of the Bolshevik Party, theorist of Marxism. During the October Revolution, the Bolshevik Party came to power. Vladimir Lenin became the leader of the country and the creator of the first socialist state in the history of the world.

During the reign of Lenin, the First World War ended in 1918. Russia signed a humiliating peace and lost part of the territories of the southern regions (later they became part of the country again). Important decrees were signed on peace, on land and on power. Until 1922, the Civil War continued, in which the Bolshevik army won. The labor reform has passed, a clear working day, obligatory days off and vacation have been established. All workers were entitled to a pension. Everyone has the right to free education and health care. The capital was moved to Moscow. The USSR was created.

Along with many social reforms, there was a persecution of religion. Almost all churches and monasteries were closed, property liquidated or plundered. Mass terror and executions continued, an unbearable surplus appropriation system was introduced (a tax in grain and food, which was paid by the peasants), a mass exodus of the intelligentsia and the cultural elite. He died in 1924, in recent years he was ill and practically cannot lead the country. This is the only person whose body still lies in an embalmed state on Red Square.

Joseph Stalin (1924 - 1953)

In the course of numerous intrigues, Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili became the country's leader. Soviet revolutionary, supporter of Marxism. The time of his reign is still considered controversial. Stalin directed the development of the country towards mass industrialization and collectivization. Formed a super-centralized administrative command system. His reign became an example of harsh autocracy.

Heavy industry was actively developing in the country, there was an increase in the construction of factories, reservoirs, canals and other large-scale projects. But often the work was done by the prisoners. Stalin's time was remembered for mass terror, conspiracies against many intellectuals, executions, deportation of peoples, violation of fundamental human rights. The personality cult of Stalin and Lenin flourished.

Stalin was the supreme commander in chief during the Great Patriotic War. Under his leadership, the Soviet army won a victory in the USSR and reached Berlin, an act of Germany's unconditional surrender was signed. Stalin died in 1953.

Nikita Khrushchev (1953 - 1962)

Khrushchev's rule is called the "thaw." During his leadership, many political "criminals" were released or reduced in time, ideological censorship decreased. The USSR was actively exploring space and for the first time under Nikita Sergeevich our cosmonauts flew into open space. The construction of residential buildings was actively developing to provide apartments for young families.

Khrushchev's policy was aimed at combating private households. He forbade collective farmers to keep their own livestock. The corn campaign was actively pursued - an attempt to make corn the main grain crop. Virgin lands were mastered en masse. Khrushchev's rule was remembered for the Novocherkassk execution of workers, the Caribbean crisis, the beginning of the Cold War, and the construction of the Berlin Wall. Khrushchev was removed from his post as first secretary as a result of a conspiracy.

Leonid Brezhnev (1962 - 1982)

The period of Brezhnev's rule in history has been called the "era of stagnation." Nevertheless, in 2013 he was recognized as the best leader of the USSR. Heavy industry continued to develop in the country, and the light sector grew at a minimum rate. In 1972, an anti-alcohol campaign took place, and the volume of alcohol production decreased, but the shadow sector of the distribution of the surrogate increased.

Under the leadership of Leonid Brezhnev, the Afghan war was unleashed in 1979. The international policy of the Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee was aimed at defusing world tension in connection with the Cold War. In France, a joint statement on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons was signed. In 1980, the Summer Olympics were held in Moscow.

Yuri Andropov (1982 - 1984)

Andropov was the chairman of the KGB from 1967 to 1982, this could not but be reflected in the short stage of his reign. The role of the KGB was strengthened. Special subdivisions were created to supervise the enterprises and organizations of the USSR. A large-scale campaign was held to strengthen labor discipline at factories. Yuri Andropov began a general purge of the party apparatus. There were high-profile trials on corruption issues. He planned to start modernizing the political apparatus and a number of economic transformations. Andropov died in 1984 as a result of kidney failure due to gout.

Konstantin Chernenko (1984 - 1985)

Chernenko became the leader of the state at the age of 72, already having serious health problems. And he was considered just an intermediate figure. He had been in power for a little less than a year. Historians disagree about the role of Konstantin Chernenko. Some believe that he hindered Andropov's undertakings by hiding corruption cases. Others believe that Chernenko was the successor to the policies of his predecessor. Konstantin Ustinovich died of cardiac arrest in March 1985.

Mikhail Gorbachev (1985 - 1991)

He became the last general secretary of the party and the last leader of the USSR. Gorbachev's role in the life of the country is considered controversial. He has received many awards, the most prestigious being the Nobel Peace Prize. Under him, fundamental reforms were carried out and the policy of the state was changed. Gorbachev charted a course for "perestroika" - the introduction of market relations, democratic development of the country, glasnost and freedom of speech. All this led the unprepared country to a deep crisis. Under Mikhail Sergeevich, Soviet troops were withdrawn from Afghanistan, the Cold War ended. The USSR and the Warsaw bloc collapsed.

Russian tsars' reign table

A table presenting all the rulers of Russia in chronological order. Next to the name of each king, emperor and head of state is the time of his reign. The diagram gives an idea of ​​the sequence of monarchs.

Ruler name The time period of the country's rule
John the fourth 1533 – 1584
Fyodor Ioannovich 1584 – 1598
Irina Fedorovna 1598 – 1598
Boris Godunov 1598 – 1605
Fedor Godunov 1605 – 1605
False Dmitry 1605 – 1606
Vasily Shuisky 1606 – 1610
Vladislav the Fourth 1610 – 1613
Mikhail Romanov 1613 – 1645
Alexey Mikhailovich 1645 – 1676
Fedor Alekseevich 1676 – 1682
John the fifth 1682 – 1696
Peter the Great 1682 – 1725
Catherine the First 1725 – 1727
Peter II 1727 – 1730
Anna Ioannovna 1730 – 1740
John the Sixth 1740 – 1741
Elizaveta Petrovna 1741 – 1762
Peter the Third 1762 -1762
Catherine II 1762 – 1796
Paul the First 1796 – 1801
Alexander the First 1801 – 1825
Nikolay the First 1825 – 1855
Alexander II 1855 – 1881
Alexander the Third 1881 – 1894
Nicholas II 1894 – 1917
George Lvov 1917 – 1917
Alexander Kerensky 1917 – 1917
Vladimir Lenin 1917 – 1924
Joseph Stalin 1924 – 1953
Nikita Khrushchev 1953 – 1962
Leonid Brezhnev 1962 – 1982
Yuri Andropov 1982 – 1984
Konstantin Chernenko 1984 – 1985
Mikhail Gorbachev 1985 — 1991
  1. Dates of the 9th-10th centuries, in accordance with tradition, are given according to PVL, except for those cases when there is a generally accepted specification from independent sources. For Kiev princes, the exact dates within the year (time of year or month and day) are indicated if they are named in sources or when there is reason to believe that the departure of the previous prince and the arrival of a new one took place at the same time. As a rule, the annals recorded the dates when the prince sat on the throne, left it posthumously, or was defeated in an open battle with rivals (after which he never returned to Kiev). In other cases, the date was usually not given from the table and therefore cannot be precisely determined. Sometimes the opposite situation occurs, in which it is known on which day the table was left by the former prince, but it is not said when the prince-successor took it. The dates for the Vladimir princes are indicated in a similar way. For the Horde era, when the right to the Vladimir Grand Duchy was transferred according to the khan's label, the beginning of the reign indicates the date when the prince sat down at the table in Vladimir itself, and the end when he actually lost control of the city. For Moscow princes, the beginning of the reign is indicated from the date of death of the previous prince, and for the period of Moscow strife, according to the actual possession of Moscow. For Russian tsars and emperors, the beginning of reign, as a rule, is indicated from the date of death of the previous monarch. For the presidents of the Russian Federation - from the date of taking office.
  2. A. A. Gorsky Russian lands in the XIII-XIV centuries: Ways of political development. M., 1996. P.46.74; Glib ivakin Historical development of Kiev XIII - the middle of the XVI century. K., 1996; BDT. Volume Russia. M., 2004. P.275, 277. The opinion often found in the literature about the transfer of the nominal capital of Russia from Kiev to Vladimir in 1169 is a widespread inaccuracy. Cm. Tolochko A.P. History of Russian Vasily Tatishchev. Sources and news. M., - Kiev, 2005.S. 411-419. A. A. Gorsky Russia from Slavic Settlement to Muscovy. M., 2004. - P.6. The rise of Vladimir as an alternative to Kiev all-Russian center began in the middle of the 12th century (from the reign of Andrei Yuryevich Bogolyubsky), but became final only after the Mongol invasion, when the Grand Dukes of Vladimir Yaroslav Vsevolodovich () and Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky () were recognized in the Horde as the oldest among all Russian princes. They received Kiev, but preferred to leave Vladimir as their residence. From the beginning. XIV century the great dukes of Vladimir bore the title "All Russia"... With the approval of the Horde, the Vladimir table was received by one of the appanage princes of North-Eastern Russia, from 1363 it was occupied only by Moscow princes, from 1389 it became their hereditary possession. The territory of the united Vladimir and Moscow principality became the nucleus of the modern Russian state.
  3. He began to reign in 6370 (862) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 19-20). He died in 6387 (879) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 22). According to the Laurentian list of PVL and the Novgorod I Chronicle, villages in Novgorod, according to the Ipatiev list - in Ladoga, in 864 he founded Novgorod and moved there (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 20, vol. III<НIЛ. М.;Л., 1950.>- P. 106, PSRL, vol. II, stb. 14). As archaeological research shows, Novgorod did not yet exist in the 9th century; mentions of it in the annals refer to the Settlement.
  4. He began to reign in 6387 (879) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 22). In the PVL and the Russian-Byzantine treaty of 911 - the prince, tribesman or relative of Rurik, who ruled during Igor's childhood (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 18, 22, 33, PSRL, vol. II, stb. 1). In the Novgorod I Chronicle he appears as a voivode under Igor (PSRL, vol. III, p. 107).
  5. He began to reign in 6390 (882) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 23), most likely in the summer, as he was supposed to go on a campaign from Novgorod in the spring. He died in the fall of 6420 (912) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 38-39). According to the Novgorod I Chronicle, he died in 6430 (922) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 109).
  6. The beginning of the reign is marked in the chronicle 6421 (913) year (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 42). Either this is just a peculiarity of the annals design, or it took him a while to sit down in Kiev. Igor is not mentioned when describing Oleg's death and funeral. According to the chronicle, he was killed by the Drevlyans in the fall of 6453 (945) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 54-55). The story of Igor's death is placed immediately after the Russian-Byzantine treaty, which was concluded in 944, so some researchers prefer this year. The month of death may have been November, since according to the data of Konstantin Porphyrogenitus, it was in November that polyudye began. ( Litavrin G.G. Ancient Russia, Bulgaria and Byzantium in the 9th-10th centuries // IX International Congress of Slavists. History, culture, ethnography and folklore of the Slavic peoples. M., 1983. - S. 68.).
  7. He ruled Rus during the period of Svyatoslav's minority. In the annals (in the list of Kiev princes in article 6360 of the PVL and in the list of Kiev princes at the beginning of the Ipatiev Chronicle), she is not called the ruler (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 1, 13, 46), but appears as such in synchronous Byzantine and Western European sources. She ruled until at least 959, when her embassy to the German king Otto I was mentioned (Chronicle of the Continuer of Reginon). At Olga's request, the German bishop Adalbert was sent to Russia, but when he arrived in 961, he could not take up his duties and was expelled. Obviously, this testifies to the transfer of power to Svyatoslav, who was a zealous pagan. (Ancient Russia in the light of medieval sources. T.4. M., 2010. - P.46-47).
  8. The beginning of his reign in the annals is marked by the year 6454 (946), and the first independent event - by the year 6472 (964) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 57, 64). Probably, independent rule still began earlier - between 959 and 961. See previous note. Killed in early spring 6480 (972) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 74).
  9. Planted in Kiev by his father, who went on a campaign against Byzantium in 6478 (970) (according to the chronicle, PSRL, vol. I, stb. 69) or in the fall of 969 (according to Byzantine sources). After the death of his father, he continued to reign in Kiev. Expelled from Kiev and killed, the chronicle dates it to 6488 (980) year (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 78). According to "In memory and praise to the Russian prince Vladimir" by Jacob Mnich, Vladimir entered Kiev June 11 6486 (978 ) of the year.
  10. According to the list of reigns in article 6360 (852) PVL, he reigned for 37 years, which indicates the year 978. (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 18). According to all the chronicles, he entered Kiev in 6488 (980) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 77, vol. III, p. 125), according to "In memory and praise to the Russian prince Vladimir" by Jacob Mnikh - June 11 6486 (978 ) of the year (Library of Literature of Ancient Rus. Vol. 1. - P.326. Milyutenko N.I. Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir and the Baptism of Rus. M., 2008. - S. 57-58). The dating of 978 was especially actively defended by A. A. Shakhmatov. Died July 15 6523 (1015) years (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 130).
  11. At the time of his father's death, he was in Kiev (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 130, 132). Defeated by Yaroslav in the late autumn of 6524 (1016) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 141-142).
  12. He began to reign in the late autumn of 6524 (1016) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 142). Broken in the Battle of the Bug July 22(Titmar of Merseburg. Chronicle VIII 31) and fled to Novgorod in 6526 (1018) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 143).
  13. Sat on the throne in Kiev 14 august 6526 (1018) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 143-144, Titmar of Merseburg... Chronicle VIII 32). According to the chronicle, he was expelled by Yaroslav in the same year (apparently, in the winter of 1018/19), but usually his exile is dated to 1019 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 144).
  14. He sat in Kiev in 6527 (1019) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 146). He died in 6562, according to the Laurentian Chronicle on the first Saturday of Lent on the day of St. Theodore (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 162), i.e. 19 february, in the Ipatiev Chronicle, the exact date is added to the indication for Saturday - February 20. (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 150). The chronicle used the March style and 6562 corresponds to 1055, but from the date of fasting it follows that the correct year is 1054 (in 1055 fasting began later, the author of the PVL used the March style of chronology, erroneously increasing the term of Yaroslav's reign by one year. Milyutenko N.I. Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir and the Baptism of Rus. M., 2008. - S. 57-58). The year 6562 and the date Sunday February 20 are shown in graffiti from Hagia Sophia. The most probable date is determined by the ratio of the day and day of the week - Sunday 20 February 1054.
  15. He arrived in Kiev after the death of his father and sat on the throne in accordance with his father's will (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 162). Probably, this happened rather quickly, especially if he was in Turov, and not Novgorod (Yaroslav's body was transported from Vyshgorod to Kiev, according to the chronicle, Vsevolod, who was with his father at the time of his death, was organizing the funeral, according to Nestor's Reading about Boris and Gleb) - Izyaslav buried his father in Kiev). The beginning of his reign is marked in the annals of 6563, but this is probably a mistake of the chronicler, who attributed the death of Yaroslav to the end of March 6562. Expelled from Kiev September 15th 6576 (1068) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 171).
  16. Sat on the throne September 15th 6576 (1068), reigned 7 months, that is, until April 1069 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 172-173).
  17. Sat on the throne May 2 6577 (1069) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 174). Exiled in March 1073 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 182).
  18. Sat on the throne 22 march 6581 (1073) years (PSRL, vol. I, article 182). Died 27th of December 6484 (1076) years (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 199).
  19. Sat on the throne 1st of January March 6584 (1077) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 190). In the summer of the same year, he ceded power to his brother Izyaslav (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 190).
  20. Sat on the throne July 15 6585 (1077) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 199). Killed October 3 6586 (1078) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 202).
  21. He sat on the throne in October 1078 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 204). Died 13 april 6601 (1093) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 216).
  22. Sat on the throne April 24 6601 (1093) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 218). Died 16 april 1113 year. The ratio of the March and Ultramart years is indicated in accordance with the research of N.G. Berezhkov, in the Lavrentiev and Trinity Chronicles 6622 the Ultramart year (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 290; Trinity Chronicle. SPb, 2002. - p. 206), according to Ipatievskaya annals 6621 March year (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 275).
  23. Sat on the throne 20 April 1113 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 290, vol. VII, p. 23). Died May 19 1125 (March 6633 according to the Laurentian and Trinity Chronicles, Ultramart 6634 according to the Ipatiev Chronicle) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 295, vol. II, stb. 289; Trinity Chronicle. P. 208).
  24. Sat on the throne May 20 1125 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 289). Died April 15 1132 on Friday (in the Laurentian, Trinity and Novgorod first annals on April 14, 6640, in the Ipatiev Chronicle on April 15, 6641 of the Ultramart year) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 301, vol. II, stb. 294, vol. III, p. . 22; Trinity Chronicle. P.212). The exact date is determined by the day of the week.
  25. Sat on the throne 17 april 1132 (Ultramart 6641 in the Ipatiev Chronicle) year (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 294). Died February 18 1139, March 6646 in the Laurentian Chronicle, ultramart 6647 in the Ipatiev Chronicle (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 306, vol. II, stb. 302) In the Nikon Chronicle, November 8, 6646 (PSRL, vol. IX, stb. 163).
  26. Sat on the throne February 22 1139 on Wednesday (March 6646, in the Ipatiev Chronicle on February 24, Ultramart 6647) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 306, vol. II, stb. 302). The exact date is determined by the day of the week. 4 march retired to Turov at the request of Vsevolod Olgovich (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 302).
  27. Sat on the throne 5th of March 1139 (March 6647, Ultramart 6648) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 307, vol. II, stb. 303). According to the Ipatiev and Resurrection Chronicles, he died August 1(PSRL, vol. II, stb. 321, vol. VII, p. 35), according to Lavrentievskaya and Novgorodskaya fourth annals - July 30 6654 (1146) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 313, vol. IV, p. 151).
  28. He sat on the throne the day after his brother's death. (HIL., 1950. - p. 27, PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 227) (possibly August 1 due to the discrepancy in the date of Vsevolod's death by 1 day, see the previous note). 13 august In 1146 he was defeated in battle and fled (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 313, vol. II, stb. 327).
  29. Sat on the throne 13 august 1146. Defeated in battle on 23 August 1149 and retreated to Kiev, and then left the city (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 383).
  30. Sat on the throne August 28 1149 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 322, vol. II, stb. 384), date 28 is not indicated in the annals, but it is calculated almost flawlessly: the next day after the battle, Yuri entered Pereyaslavl, spent three days there and headed to Kiev, namely the 28th was Sunday, more suitable for accession to the throne. Exiled in 1150, in the summer (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 396).
  31. He entered Kiev in August 1150 and sat in the Yaroslav's yard, but after protests from the Kievites and negotiations with Izyaslav Mstislavich he left the city. (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 396, 402, vol. I, stb. 326).
  32. He sat on the throne in 1150 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 326, vol. II, stb. 398). A few days later he was expelled (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 327, vol. II, stb. 402).
  33. He sat on the throne in 1150, around August (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 328, vol. II, stb. 403), after that in the annals (vol. II, stb. 404) the Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross is mentioned (14 September). He left Kiev in the winter of 6658 (1150/1) (PSRL, vol. I, art. 330, vol. II, art. 416).
  34. He sat on the throne in March or early April 6658 (1151) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 330, vol. II, stb. 416). Died the 13th of November 1154 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 341-342, vol. IX, p. 198) (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle on the night of November 14, according to the Novgorod First Chronicle - November 14 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 469 ; vol. III, p. 29).
  35. As the eldest of the sons of Vladimir Monomakh, he had the greatest rights to the Kiev table. He sat in Kiev with his nephew in the spring of 6659 (1151), probably in April (PSRL, vol. I, art. 336, vol. II, art. 418) (or already in the winter of 6658 (PSRL, vol. IX, p. 186) He died at the end of 6662, shortly after the beginning of Rostislav's reign (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 342, vol. II, stb. 472).
  36. He sat on the throne in 6662 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 342, vol. II, stb. 470-471). Like his predecessor, he recognized Vyacheslav Vladimirovich as his senior co-ruler. According to the Novgorod First Chronicle, he arrived in Kiev from Novgorod and sat for a week (PSRL, vol. III, p. 29). He was defeated in battle and left Kiev (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 343, vol. II, stb. 475).
  37. He sat on the throne in the winter of 6662 (1154/5) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 344, vol. II, stb. 476). He ceded power to Yuri (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 477).
  38. He sat on the throne in the spring of 6663 according to the Ipatiev Chronicle (at the end of winter 6662 according to the Laurentian Chronicle) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 345, vol. II, stb. 477) on Palm Sunday (that is 20th of March) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 29, see N. Karamzin, History of the Russian State. Vol. II-III. M., 1991. - p. 164). Died May 15 1157 (March 6665 according to the Laurentian Chronicle, ultramart 6666 according to the Ipatiev Chronicle) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 348, vol. II, stb. 489).
  39. Sat on the throne May 19 1157 (Ultramart 6666, so in the Khlebnikov list of the Ipatiev Chronicle, in its Ipatiev list it is erroneous on May 15) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 490). In the Nikon Chronicle on May 18 (PSRL, vol. IX, p. 208). Expelled from Kiev in the winter of March 6666 (1158/9) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 348). According to the Ipatiev Chronicle, he was expelled at the end of Ultramart 6667 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 502).
  40. Sat in Kiev December 22 6667 (1158) according to the Ipatiev and Resurrection Chronicles (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 502, vol. VII, p. 70), in the winter of 6666 according to the Laurentian Chronicle, according to the Nikon Chronicle on August 22, 6666 (PSRL, vol. IX , p. 213), expelling Izyaslav from there, but then in the spring of the next year ceded him to Rostislav Mstislavich (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 348).
  41. Sat in Kiev April 12th 1159 (Ultramart 6668 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 504, date in the Ipatiev Chronicle), in the spring of March 6667 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 348). Left besieged Kiev on February 8, Ultramart 6669 (1161) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 515).
  42. Sat on the throne 12th of February 1161 (Ultramart 6669) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 516) In the Sofia First Chronicle - in the winter of March 6668 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 232). Killed in action March, 6 1161 (Ultramart 6670) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 518).
  43. He ascended the throne again after the death of Izyaslav. Died March 14th 1167 (according to the Ipatiev and Resurrection Chronicles, died on March 14, 6676 of the Ultramart year, buried on March 21, according to the Lavrentiev and Nikon Chronicles, died on March 21, 6675) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 353, vol. II, stb. 532 , vol. VII, p. 80, vol. IX, p. 233).
  44. By right of seniority, he was the main contender for the throne after the death of his brother Rostislav. According to the Laurentian Chronicle, he was expelled from Kiev by Mstislav Izyaslavich in 6676 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 353-354). In the Sofia First Chronicle, the same message is placed twice: under the years 6674 and 6676 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 234, 236). Also, this plot is presented by Jan Dlugosh ( Shchaveleva N.I. Ancient Russia in the "Polish History" by Jan Dlugosz. M., 2004. - p. 326). The Hypatian Chronicle does not mention his reign at all, instead it says that Mstislav Izyaslavich ordered Vasilko Yaropolchich to sit in Kiev before his arrival (according to the literal meaning of the message, Vasilko was already in Kiev, but the chronicle does not directly speak of his entry into the city) , and the day before the arrival of Mstislav, Yaropolk Izyaslavich entered Kiev (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 532-533). Based on this message, some sources include Vasilko and Yaropolk among the Kiev princes.
  45. According to the Ipatiev Chronicle, he sat on the throne May 19 6677 (that is, in this case 1167) years. In the annals, the day is called Monday, but according to the calendar it is Friday, and therefore the date is sometimes corrected for May 15 ( Berezhkov N.G. Chronology of Russian annals. M., 1963 .-- S. 179). However, the confusion can be explained by the fact that, as the chronicle notes, Mstislav left Kiev for several days (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 534-535, for the date and day of the week see. A.P. Pyatnov Kiev and the Kiev land in 1167-1169 // Ancient Rus. Questions of medieval studies / №1 (11). March, 2003. - C. 17-18.). The combined army moved to Kiev, according to the Laurentian Chronicle, in the winter of 6676 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 354), along Ipatievskaya and Nikonovskaya, in the winter of 6678 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 543, vol. IX, p. 237 ), according to the Sofia first, in the winter of 6674 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 234), which corresponds to the winter of 1168/69. Kiev was taken March 12, 1169, on Wednesday (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle, March 8, 6679, according to the Resurrection, 6678, but the day of the week and the indication of the second week of fasting corresponds exactly to March 12, 1169 (see. Berezhkov N.G. Chronology of Russian annals. M., 1963. - S. 336.) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 545, vol. VII, p. 84).
  46. He sat on the throne on March 12, 1169 (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle, 6679 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 545), according to the Laurentian Chronicle, in 6677 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 355).
  47. He sat on the throne in 1170 (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle in 6680), in February (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 548). Left Kiev the same year on Monday, in the second week after Easter (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 549).
  48. He sat down again in Kiev after the expulsion of Mstislav. He died, according to the Laurentian Chronicle, in the ultramart year 6680 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 363). Died January 20th 1171 (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle, this is 6681, and the designation of this year in the Ipatiev Chronicle exceeds the March count by three units) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 564).
  49. Sat on the throne February, 15 1171 (in the Ipatiev Chronicle it is 6681) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 566). Died Monday Russian week May 10 1171 (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle, this is 6682, but the correct date is set by the day of the week) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 567).
  50. His reign in Kiev is reported in the Novgorod First Chronicle under 6680 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 34). A short time later, without support from Andrei Bogolyubsky, he lost the table to Roman Rostislavich ( A. V. Pyatnov Mikhalko Yurievich // BRE. T.20. - M., 2012. - S. 500).
  51. Andrey Bogolyubsky ordered him to sit on the throne in Kiev in the winter of Ultramart in 6680 (according to the Ipatiev Chronicle - in the winter of 6681) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 364, vol. II, stb. 566). He sat on the throne in the "month of July" in 1171 (in the Ipatiev Chronicle it is 6682, according to the Novgorod First Chronicle - 6679) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 568, vol. III, p. 34) Later, Andrei ordered Roman to leave Kiev, and he went to Smolensk (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 570).
  52. Mikhalko Yurievich, whom Andrei Bogolyubsky ordered to take the Kiev table after Roman, sent his brother to Kiev in his place. Sat on the throne 5 weeks(PSRL, vol. II, stb. 570). In ultramart 6682 (both in the Ipatiev and Laurentian annals). Together with his nephew Yaropolk, he was taken prisoner by David and Rurik Rostislavich to praise the Holy Mother of God - March 24(PSRL, vol. I, stb. 365, vol. II, stb. 570).
  53. Was in Kiev with Vsevolod (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 570)
  54. He sat on the throne after the capture of Vsevolod in 1173 (6682 Ultramart year) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 571). When Andrei sent an army to the south in the same year, Rurik left Kiev in early September (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 575).
  55. In November 1173 (Ultramart 6682) he sat on the throne by agreement with the Rostislavichs (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 578). He reigned in Ultramart in 6683 (according to the Laurentian Chronicle), defeated by Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 366). According to the Ipatiev Chronicle, in the winter of 6682 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 578). In the Resurrection Chronicle, his reign is once again mentioned under the year 6689 (PSRL, vol. VII, pp. 96, 234).
  56. Sat in Kiev 12 days in January 1174 or at the end of December 1173 and returned to Chernigov (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 366, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 240) (In the Resurrection Chronicle under 6680 (PSRL, vol. VII, p. . 234)
  57. He sat down again in Kiev, having concluded an agreement with Svyatoslav, in the winter of Ultramart in 6682 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 579). Kiev lost to Roman in 1174 (Ultramart 6683) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 600).
  58. He sat down in Kiev in 1174 (Ultramart 6683) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 600, vol. III, p. 34). In 1176 (Ultramart 6685) he left Kiev (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 604).
  59. I entered Kiev in 1176 (Ultramart 6685), on Ilyin's day ( July 20) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 604). In July, he left Kiev due to the approach of the troops of Roman Rostislavich and his brothers, however, as a result of negotiations, the Rostislavichs agreed to cede Kiev to him. He returned to Kiev in September (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 604-605). In 6688 (1180) he left Kiev (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 616).
  60. He sat on the throne in 6688 (1180) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 616). But a year later he left the city (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 621). In the same year, he made peace with Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, according to which he recognized his seniority and ceded Kiev to him, and in return received the rest of the territory of the Kiev principality (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 626).
  61. He sat on the throne in 6688 (1181) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 621). He died in 1194 (in the Ipatiev Chronicle in March 6702, according to the Laurentian Chronicle in Ultramart 6703) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 412), in July, on the Monday before Maccabees day (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 680) ... Its co-ruler was Rurik Rostislavich, who owned the Kiev principality (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 626). In historiography, their joint reign received the designation "duumvirate", but Rurik is not included in the lists of Kiev princes, since he did not sit on the Kiev table (unlike the similar duumvirate of the Mstislavichs with Vyacheslav Vladimirovich in the 1150s).
  62. He sat on the throne after the death of Svyatoslav in 1194 (March 6702, Ultramart 6703) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 412, vol. II, stb. 681). Expelled from Kiev by Roman Mstislavich in Ultramart 6710. During the negotiations, Roman was in Kiev at the same time as Rurik (he occupied Podol, and Rurik remained on the Mountain). (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 417)
  63. He sat on the throne in 1201 (according to the Laurentian and Voskresenskaya annals in ultramart 6710, according to the Trinity and Nikon annals in March 6709) by the will of Roman Mstislavich and Vsevolod Yurievich (PSRL, vol. I, stb. P. 418; vol. VII, stb. 418; vol. VII. ; v. X, p. 34; Trinity Chronicle. P.284).
  64. Took Kiev January 2, 1203(6711 Ultramart) year (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 418). In the Novgorod First Chronicle on January 1, 6711 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 45), in the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle on January 2, 6711 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 180), in the Trinity and Resurrection Chronicles on January 2, 6710 ( Trinity Chronicle.P.285; PSRL, vol. VII, p. 107). In February 1203 (6711) Roman opposed Rurik and laid siege to him in Ovruch. In connection with this circumstance, some historians express the opinion that Rurik, after the sack of Kiev, left the city without becoming reigning in it ( Grushevsky M.S. Essay on the history of the Kiev land from the death of Yaroslav to the end of the XIV century. K., 1891. - p. 265). As a result, Roman made peace with Rurik, and then Vsevolod confirmed the rule of Rurik in Kiev (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 419). After a quarrel that took place in Trepol at the end of a joint campaign against the Polovtsy, Roman captured Rurik and sent him to Kiev, accompanied by his boyar Vyacheslav. Upon arrival in the capital, Rurik was forcibly tonsured a monk. This happened in the "fierce winter" in 6713 according to the Laurentian Chronicle (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 420, in the Novgorod first junior edition and Trinity Chronicles winter 6711 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 240; Trinity Chronicle. P .286), in the Sofia First Chronicle, 6712 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 260). The fact that Rurik was escorted by Vyacheslav is reported in the Novgorod First Chronicle of the junior edition (PSRL, vol. III, p. . 240; A. V. Gorovenko Roman Galitsky's sword. Prince Roman Mstislavich in history, epic and legends. M., 2014. - S. 148). In the list of Kiev princes, compiled by L. Makhnovts, Roman is indicated by the prince for two weeks in 1204 ( L.E. Makhnovets Great princes of Kiev // Russian Chronicle / Under the Ipat list. - K., 1989. - S. 522), in the list compiled by A. Poppé - in 1204-1205 ( Podskalski G. Christianity and theological literature in Kievan Rus (988 - 1237). SPb., 1996. - P. 474), however, the annals do not say that he was in Kiev. This is reported only in the so-called news of Tatishchev. Nevertheless, from 1201 to 1205, Roman actually put his henchmen on the Kiev table (unlike Andrei Bogolyubsky in a similar situation 30 years ago, he personally came to the Kiev principality for this). The actual status of Roman is reflected in the Ipatiev Chronicle, where he is included in the list of Kiev princes (between Rurik and Mstislav Romanovich) (PSRL.Vol. II, stb. 2) and named the prince "All Russia"- such a definition was applied only to the princes of Kiev (PSRL. Vol. II, article 715).
  65. Seated on the throne by agreement of Roman and Vsevolod after Rurik's tonsure in winter (that is, at the beginning of 1204) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 421, vol. X, p. 36). Soon after the death of Roman Mstislavich ( June 19 1205) ceded Kiev to his father.
  66. He took his hair off after the death of Roman Mstislavich, which followed on June 19, 1205 (Ultramart 6714) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 426) In the Sofia First Chronicle under 6712 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 260), in Trinity and Nikon annals under 6713 (Trinity Chronicle. P.292; PSRL, vol. X, p. 50) and again sat on the throne. After an unsuccessful campaign against Galich in March 6714, he retired to Ovruch (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 427). According to the Laurentian Chronicle, he sat down in Kiev (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 428). In 1207 (March 6715) he again fled to Ovruch (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 429). It is believed that messages under 1206 and 1207 duplicate each other (see also PSRL, vol. VII, p. 235: interpretation in the Resurrection Chronicle as two reigns)
  67. He sat down in Kiev in March 6714 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 427), around August. Date 1206 is being specified in sync with the campaign to Galich. According to the Laurentian Chronicle, in the same year he was expelled by Rurik (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 428).
  68. He sat down in Kiev, expelling Vsevolod from there (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 428). He left Kiev the next year when Vsevolod's troops approached (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 429). The messages in the annals under 1206 and 1207 probably duplicate each other.
  69. He sat down in Kiev in the spring of 6715 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 429), in the fall of the same year he was again expelled by Rurik (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 433).
  70. He sat down in Kiev in the fall of 1207, about October (Trinity Chronicle. Pp. 293, 297; PSRL, vol. X, pp. 52, 59). In the Trinity and most of the lists of the Nikon Chronicle, duplicate messages are placed under the years 6714 and 6716. The exact date is set in sync with the Ryazan campaign of Vsevolod Yuryevich. By agreement with Vsevolod in 1210 (according to the Laurentian Chronicle 6718), he went to reign in Chernigov (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 435) (according to the Nikon Chronicle - in 6719, PSRL, vol. X, p. 62, according to the Resurrection Chronicle - in 6717, PSRL, vol. VII, p. 235). However, in historiography there are doubts about this message, perhaps Rurik is confused with the Chernigov prince, who bore the same name. According to other sources (Typographical Chronicle, PSRL, vol. XXIV, p. 28 and Piskarevsky chronicler, PSRL, vol. XXXIV, p. 81), he died in Kiev. ( A.P. Pyatnov Struggle for the Kiev table in the 1210s. Controversial issues of chronology // Ancient Rus. Questions of medieval studies. - 1/2002 (7)).
  71. He sat down in Kiev either as a result of an exchange with Rurik for Chernigov (?), Or after the death of Rurik (see previous note). Expelled from Kiev by Mstislav Mstislavich in the summer 1214 year (in the Novgorod first and fourth chronicles, as well as in Nikonovskaya, this event is described under the year 6722 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 53; vol. IV, p. 185, vol. X, p. 67), in the Sofia first chronicle clearly erroneous under the year 6703 and again under the year 6723 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 250, 263), in the Tver Chronicle twice - under 6720 and 6722, in the Resurrection Chronicle under the year 6720 (PSRL, vol. VII , pp. 118, 235, v. XV, stb. 312, 314). The data of the intra-chronicle reconstruction speaks for 1214, for example, February 1 of March 6722 (1215) was Sunday, as indicated in the Novgorod First Chronicle, and in the Ipatievskaya Chronicle Vsevolod is listed as a Kiev prince under 6719 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 729), which in its chronology corresponds to 1214 ( Mayorov A.V. Galicia-Volyn Rus. SPb, 2001.S. 411). However, according to N.G. Berezhkov, based on a comparison of the data of the Novgorod Chronicles with the Livonian chronicles, this 1212 year.
  72. His brief reign after the expulsion of Vsevolod is mentioned in the Resurrection Chronicle (PSRL, vol. VII, pp. 118, 235).
  73. His allies set out from Novgorod June 8(Novgorod First Chronicle, PSRL, vol. III, p. 32) He sat on the throne after the expulsion of Vsevolod (in the Novgorod First Chronicle under 6722). Killed in 1223, in the tenth year of his reign (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 503), after the battle on Kalka, which took place May 30 6731 (1223) years (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 447). In the Ipatiev Chronicle, 6732, in the Novgorod first May 31 6732 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 63), in Nikonovskaya June 16 6733) (PSRL, vol. X, p. 92), in the introductory part of the Resurrection Chronicle 6733 (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 235), but in the main part of the Voskresenskaya on June 16, 6731 (PSRL, vol. VII, page 132). Killed 2 June 1223 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 508) There is no number in the annals, but it is indicated that after the battle on Kalka, Prince Mstislav defended for another three days. Date Accuracy 1223 for the Battle of Kalka is established by comparison with a number of foreign sources.
  74. According to the Novgorod first chronicle, he sat down in Kiev in 1218 (Ultramart 6727) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 59, vol. IV, p. 199; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 275), which may indicate his co-government. He sat on the throne after the death of Mstislav (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 509) June 16 1223 (Ultramart 6732) (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 282, v. XV, stb. 343). Defeated in the battle at Torcheskoy on the Ascension Day ( May 17), was captured by the Polovtsians when they took Kiev (at the end of May or at the beginning of June) in 6743 (1235) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 74). According to the First Sofia and the Moscow-Academic Chronicle, he reigned for 10 years, but the date in them is the same - 6743 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 513; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 287).
  75. In the early annals (Ipatievskaya and Novgorodskaya I) without a patronymic (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 772, vol. III, p. 74), in Lavrentievskaya it is not mentioned at all. Izyaslav Mstislavich in the Novgorod Fourth, Sofia First (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 214; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 287) and the Moscow-Academic Chronicle, in the Tver Chronicle he is called the son of Mstislav Romanovich the Brave, and in Nikonovskaya and Voskresenskaya - the grandson of Roman Rostislavich (PSRL, vol. VII, pp. 138, 236; vol. X, p. 104; XV, stb. 364), but there was no such prince (in Voskresenskaya he was named the son of Mstislav Romanovich of Kiev). In historiography, it is sometimes referred to as "Izyaslav IV". According to modern scientists, this is either Izyaslav Vladimirovich, the son of Vladimir Igorevich (this opinion has been widespread since N.M. Karamzin, a prince with this name is mentioned in the Ipatiev Chronicle), or the son of Mstislav Udatny (analysis of this issue: A. A. Gorsky Russian lands in the XIII-XIV centuries: ways of political development. M., 1996. - pp. 14-17. Mayorov A.V. Galicia-Volyn Rus. SPb, 2001. - S. 542-544). He sat on the throne in 6743 (1235) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 513, vol. III, p. 74) (according to Nikonovskaya in 6744). In the Ipatiev Chronicle, it is mentioned under the year 6741. At the end of the same year, Vladimir Rurikovich was released from Polovtsian captivity and immediately regained Kiev.
  76. Freed from Polovtsian captivity, he sent help to Daniel Romanovich against the Galicians and Bolokhovites in the spring of 1236. According to the Ipatiev Chronicle in (6744) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 777) Kiev lost to Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. In the Novgorod first chronicle, his reign is not mentioned.
  77. He sat on the throne in 6744 (1236) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 513, vol. III, p. 74, vol. IV, p. 214). In Ipatievskaya under 6743 (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 777). In 1238 he went to Vladimir. The exact month is not indicated in the annals, but it is obvious that this happened shortly or shortly after the battle on the river. City ( 10th of March), in which Yaroslav's elder brother, Grand Duke of Vladimir Yuri, died. (PSRL, vol. X, p. 113). (For the chronology of Yaroslav's reign in Kiev, see. A. A. Gorsky Problems of studying "Words about the death of the Russian land": To the 750th anniversary of its writing // Proceedings of the Department of Old Russian Literature "1990. V. 43).
  78. A short list of princes at the beginning of the Ipatiev Chronicle places it after Yaroslav (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 2), but this may be a mistake. There is also a mention in the late Gustynskaya Chronicle, but it, most likely, here simply proceeded from the list (PSRL, vol. 40, p. 118). Accept this reign M. B. Sverdlov ( Sverdlov M. B. Pre-Mongol Rus. SPb, 2002. - P. 653) and L. E. Makhnovets ( L.E. Makhnovets Great princes of Kiev // Russian Chronicle / Under the Ipat list. - K., 1989. - S. 522).
  79. He occupied Kiev in 1238 after Yaroslav (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 777, vol. VII, p. 236; vol. X, p. 114). On March 3, 1239, he received Tatar ambassadors in Kiev, and continued to remain in the capital at least until the siege of Chernigov (approx. October 18). When the Tatars approached Kiev, he left for Hungary (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 782). In the Ipatiev Chronicle under 6746, in the Nikon Chronicle under 6748 (PSRL, vol. X, p. 116).
  80. He occupied Kiev after the departure of Mikhail, expelled by Daniel (in the Ipatiev Chronicle under 6746, in the fourth Novgorod and Sofia first under 6748) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 782, vol. IV, p. 226; VI, issue 1, stb. 301).
  81. Daniel, having occupied Kiev in 6748, left in it a thousand Dmitry (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 226, vol. X, p. 116). Dmitr was in charge of the city at the time of its capture by the Tatars (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 786). According to Lavrentievskaya and most of the later annals, Kiev was taken on Nikolin's day (that is, December 6) 6748 (1240 ) of the year (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 470). According to the chronicles of Pskov origin (the chronicle of Abraham, Suprasl), in Monday 19 November... (PSRL, vol. XVI, stb. 51). Cm. V. I. Stavisky About two dates of the storming of Kiev in 1240 according to Russian chronicles // Proceedings of the Department of Old Russian Literature. 1990.Vol. 43
  82. He returned to Kiev after the departure of the Tatars. Left Silesia after April 9 1241 (after the defeat of Henry by the Tatars in the battle of Legnica, PSRL, vol. II, stb. 784). He lived near the city, "near Kiev in an island" (on the Dnieper island) (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 789, PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 319). Then he returned to Chernigov, but when it happened, the annals do not say.
  83. Over the years, Russian princes received power with the sanction of the khans (in the Russian terminology of "tsars") of the Golden Horde, who were recognized as the supreme rulers of the Russian lands.
  84. In 6751 (1243) Yaroslav arrived in the Horde and was recognized as the ruler of all Russian lands "Old all prince in the Russian language"(PSRL, vol. I, stb. 470). He sat down in Vladimir. The moment when he took possession of Kiev is not indicated in the annals. It is known that in 1246 his boyar Dmitry Eikovich was sitting in the city (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 806, in the Ipatiev Chronicle it is indicated under 6758 (1250) in connection with a trip to the Horde of Daniil Romanovich, the correct date is set by synchronization with the Polish Beginning with N. M. Karamzin, most historians proceed from the obvious assumption that Yaroslav received Kiev under the khan's label. September 30th 1246 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 471).
  85. After the death of his father, together with his brother Andrey, he went to the Horde, and from there to the capital of the Mongol Empire - Karakorum, where in 6757 (1249) Andrey received Vladimir, and Alexander - Kiev and Novgorod. Modern historians disagree on which of the brothers belonged to the formal seniority. Alexander did not live in Kiev itself. Until the expulsion of Andrew in 6760 (1252) he ruled in Novgorod, then he received Vladimir in the Horde and sat there. Died 14 november
  86. Received Vladimir as a parish in 1140s years. He sat down in Rostov and Suzdal in 1157 (March 6665 in the Laurentian Chronicle, Ultramart 6666 in the Ipatiev Chronicle) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 348, vol. II, stb. 490). The exact date is not indicated in the early annals. According to the Moscow-Academic Chronicle and the Chronicler of Pereyaslavl Suzdal - June 4th(PSRL, vol. 41, p. 88), in the Radziwill Chronicle - 4th of July(PSRL, vol. 38, p. 129). Vladimir left his residence, making it the capital of the principality. Killed in the evening June 29, on the feast of Peter and Paul (in the Laurentian Chronicle, ultramart year 6683) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 369) According to the Ipatiev Chronicle June 28, on the eve of the feast of Peter and Paul (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 580), according to the Sofia first chronicle on June 29, 6683 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 238).
  87. Sat in Vladimir in Ultramart 6683, but after 7 weeks the siege withdrew (that is, approximately in September) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 373, vol. II, stb. 596).
  88. He sat down in Vladimir (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 374, vol. II, stb. 597) in 1174 (ultramart 6683). June 15th 1175 (Ultramart 6684), defeated and fled (PSRL, vol. II, stb. 601).
  89. Sat in Vladimir June 15th 1175 (Ultramart 6684) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 377). (In the Nikon Chronicle on June 16, but the error is established by the day of the week (PSRL, vol. IX, p. 255). Died June 20 1176 (Ultramart 6685) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 379, vol. IV, p. 167).
  90. He sat on the throne in Vladimir after the death of his brother in June 1176 (Ultramart 6685) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 380). Died, according to the Laurentian Chronicle, 13 april 6720 (1212), commemorating St. Martin (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 436) In the Tver and Voskresenskaya annals April 15 in memory of the Apostle Aristarchus, on Sunday (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 117; vol. XV, stb. 311), in the Nikon Chronicle 14th of April in memory of St. Martin, on Sunday (PSRL, vol. X, p. 64), in the Trinity Chronicle April 18th 6721, in memory of St. Martin (Trinity Chronicle. P.299). In 1212, April 15 is Sunday.
  91. He sat on the throne after the death of his father in accordance with his will (PSRL, vol. X, p. 63). April 27 1216, on Wednesday, left the city, leaving it to his brother (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 440, the number in the annals is not directly indicated, but this is the next Wednesday after April 21, which was Thursday).
  92. He sat on the throne in 1216 (Ultramart 6725) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 440). Died February 2 1218 (Ultramart year 6726, so in the Laurentian and Nikon annals) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 442, vol. X, p. 80) In the Tver and Trinity chronicles, 6727 (PSRL, vol. XV, stb. 329 ; Trinity Chronicle.P.304).
  93. He sat on the throne after the death of his brother. Killed in a battle with the Tatars 4 march 1238 (in the Laurentian Chronicle still under 6745, in the Moscow-Academic Chronicle under 6746) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 465).
  94. He sat on the throne after the death of his brother in 1238 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 467). Died September 30th 1246 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 471)
  95. He sat on the throne in 6755 (1247), when the news of Yaroslav's death came (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 471, vol. X, p. 134). According to the Moscow-Academic Chronicle, he sat on the throne in 1246 after a trip to the Horde (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 523), according to the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle, sat down in 6755 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 229). Exiled early in 1248 by Michael. According to the Rogozhsky chronicler, he sat down on the throne for the second time after the death of Michael (1249), but Andrey Yaroslavich drove him out (PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 31). This message is not found in other chronicles.
  96. He expelled Svyatoslav in 6756 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 229). He died in battle with the Lithuanians in the winter of 6756 (1248/1249) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 471). According to the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle - in 6757 (PSRL, vol. IV, stb. 230). The exact month is unknown.
  97. He sat on the throne in the winter of 6757 (1249/50) (in December), having received the reign from the khan (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 472), the ratio of the news in the annals shows that he returned in any case before December 27. He fled from Russia during the Tatar invasion in 6760 ( 1252 ) year (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 473), having been defeated in the battle on the day of St. Boris ( July 24) (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 159). According to the Novgorod first junior edition and the Sofia first annals, it was in 6759 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 304, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 327), according to the Easter tables of the middle of the XIV century (PSRL, vol. III, p. 578), Trinity, Novgorod fourth, Tver, Nikon annals - in 6760 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 230; vol. X, p. 138; vol. XV, stb. 396, Trinity Chronicle. P. 324).
  98. In 6760 (1252) he received a great reign in the Horde and sat down in Vladimir (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 473) (according to the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle - in 6761 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 230). Died 14 november 6771 (1263) years (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 524, vol. III, p. 83).
  99. He sat on the throne in 6772 (1264) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 524; vol. IV, p. 234). In the Ukrainian Gustynskaya chronicle, he is also called the Kiev prince, but the reliability of this news is questionable due to the late origin of the source (PSRL, vol. 40, pp. 123, 124). Died in winter 1271/72 (Ultramart 6780 in Easter tables (PSRL, vol. III, p. 579), in the first Novgorod and Sofia first annals, March 6779 in the Tver and Trinity chronicles) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 89 , v. VI, issue 1, stb. 353, v. XV, stb. 404; Trinity Chronicle. p. 331). Comparison with the mention of the death of Princess Maria Rostovskaya on December 9 shows that Yaroslav died at the beginning of 1272 (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 525).
  100. He sat on the throne after the death of his brother in 6780. He died in the winter of 6784 (1276/77) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 323), in january(Trinity Chronicle. P.333).
  101. He sat on the throne in 6784 (1276/77) after the death of his uncle (PSRL, vol. X, p. 153; vol. XV, stb. 405). There is no mention of a trip to the Horde this year.
  102. Received a great reign in the Horde in 1281 (Ultramart 6790 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 324, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 357), in the winter of 6789, having come to Russia in December (Trinity Chronicle. P.338 ; PSRL, vol. X, p. 159), and reconciled with his brother in 1283 (Ultramart 6792 or March 6791 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 326, vol. IV, p. 245; vol. VI, no. 1, stb. 359; Trinity Chronicle. P. 340). Such a dating of events was adopted by N.M. Karamzin, N.G. Berezhkov and A.A. see analysis: A. A. Gorsky Moscow and the Horde. M., 2003. - S. 15-16).
  103. Came from the Horde in 1283, having received a great reign from Nogai. Lost it in 1293.
  104. Received a great reign in the Horde in 6801 (1293) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 327, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 362), returned to Russia in winter (Trinity Chronicle. P. 345). Died July 27 6812 (1304) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 92; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 367, vol. VII, p. 184) (In the Novgorod fourth and Nikon annals on June 22 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 252, v. X, p. 175), in the Trinity Chronicle ultramart 6813 (Trinity Chronicle. P. 351).
  105. Received a great reign in 1305 (March 6813, in the Trinity Chronicle ultramart 6814) (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 368, vol. VII, p. 184). (According to the Nikon Chronicle - in 6812 (PSRL, vol. X, p. 176), returned to Russia in the fall (Trinity Chronicle. P. 352). Executed in the Horde November 22 1318 (in the Sofia first and Nikonov chronicles of ultramart 6827, in the Novgorod fourth and Tver annals of March 6826) on Wednesday (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 257; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 391, vol. X, page 185). The year is set by the day of the week.
  106. He left the Horde with the Tatars in the summer of 1317 (Ultramart 6826, in the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle and the Rogozhsky Chronicler in March 6825) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 95; vol. IV, stb. 257), having received a great reign (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 374, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 37). Killed by Dmitry Tverskoy in the Horde. (Trinity Chronicle, p. 357; PSRL, vol. X, p. 189) 6833 (1325) years (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 260; VI, issue 1, stb. 398).
  107. Received a great reign in 6830 (1322) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 96, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 396). Arrived in Vladimir in the winter of 6830 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 259; Trinity Chronicle. P. 357) or in the fall (PSRL, vol. XV, stb. 414). According to Easter tables, he sat down in 6831 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 579). Executed September 15th 6834 (1326) (PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 42, vol. XV, stb. 415).
  108. Received a great reign in the fall of 6834 (1326) (PSRL, vol. X, p. 190; vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 42). When the Tatar army moved to Tver in the winter of 1327/8, he fled to Pskov and then to Lithuania.
  109. In 1328, Khan Uzbek divided the great reign, giving Alexander Vladimir and the Volga region (PSRL, vol. III, p. 469, this fact is not mentioned in the Moscow annals). According to the First Sofia, the Fourth Novgorod and the Resurrection Chronicle, he died in 6840 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 265; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 406, vol. VII, p. 203), according to the Tver Chronicle - in 6839 (PSRL, vol. XV, stb. 417), in the Rogozhsky chronicler his death was noted twice - under the years 6839 and 6841 (PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 46), according to the Trinity and Nikon annals - in 6841 (Trinity Chronicle, p. 361; PSRL, vol. X, p. 206). According to the introduction to the Novgorod first chronicle of the younger version, he reigned for 3 or 2 and a half years (PSRL, vol. III, pp. 467, 469). A.A. Gorsky accepts the dating of his death in 1331 ( A. A. Gorsky Moscow and the Horde. M., 2003. - P.62).
  110. He sat on the great reign in 6836 (1328) (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 262; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 401, vol. X, p. 195). Formally, he was co-ruler of Alexander Suzdalsky (without occupying the Vladimir table), but he acted independently. After Alexander's death, he went to the Horde in 6839 (1331) (PSRL, vol. III, p. 344) and received all the great reign (PSRL, vol. III, p. 469). Died March 31 1340 (Ultramart year 6849 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 270; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 412, vol. VII, p. 206), according to Easter tables, Trinity Chronicle and Rogozhsky chronicler in 6848 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 579; vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 52; Trinity Chronicle. P. 364).
  111. Received a great reign in the autumn of Ultramart in 6849 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 1, stb.). He sat down in Vladimir on October 1, 1340 (Trinity Chronicle. P.364). Died 26 April ultramart year 6862 (in Nikonovskaya March 6861) (PSRL, vol. X, p. 226; vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 62; Trinity Chronicle, p. 373). (In the Novgorod Fourth, his death is reported twice - under the years 6860 and 6861 (PSRL, vol. IV, pp. 280, 286), according to Voskresenskaya - on April 27, 6861 (PSRL, vol. VII, p. 217)
  112. Received a great reign in the winter of 6861, after Epiphany. Sat in Vladimir March 25 6862 (1354) (Trinity Chronicle, p. 374; PSRL, vol. X, p. 227). Died the 13th of November 6867 (1359) (PSRL, vol. VIII, p. 10; vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 68).
  113. Khan Navruz in the winter of 6867 (that is, at the beginning of 1360) gave the great reign to Andrei Konstantinovich, and he ceded it to his brother Dmitry (PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 68). Came to Vladimir June, 22(PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 69; Trinity Chronicle. P.377) 6868 (1360) years (PSRL, vol. III, p. 366, vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 433) ... When the Moscow army approached, Vladimir left.
  114. Received a great reign in 6870 (1362) (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 290; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 434). Sat in Vladimir in 6870 before Epiphany (that is early January 1363 year) (PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 73; Trinity Chronicle. P.378).
  115. Having received a new label from the khan, he sat down in Vladimir in 6871 (1363), reigned 1 week and was driven away by Dmitry (PSRL, vol. X, p. 12; vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 74; Trinity Chronicle, p. 379). Along Nikonovskaya - 12 days (PSRL, vol. XI, p. 2).
  116. He sat down in Vladimir in 6871 (1363). After that, Dmitry Konstantinovich Suzdalsky received the label for the great reign in the winter of 1364/1365 (abandoned in favor of Dmitry) and Mikhail Alexandrovich Tverskoy in 1370, again in 1371 (in the same year the label was returned to Dmitry) and in 1375, but there are no real consequences. had. Dmitry died May 19 6897 (1389) on Wednesday at the second hour of the night (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 358; vol. VI, issue 1, stb. 501; Trinity Chronicle. P.434) (in Novgorod the first junior edition on May 9 ( PSRL, vol. III, p. 383), in the Tver Chronicle on May 25 (PSRL, vol. XV, stb. 444).
  117. Received a great reign according to his father's will. Sat in Vladimir August 15 6897 (1389) (PSRL, vol. XV, issue 1, stb. 157; Trinity Chronicle. P.434) According to the Novgorod fourth and Sofia first in 6898 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 367; vol. VI , issue 1, stb. 508). Died February 27 1425 (6933 September) on Tuesday at three o'clock in the morning (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, stb. 51, vol. XII, p. 1) in March 6932 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 415) , in a number of manuscripts of the Nikon Chronicle erroneously February 7).
  118. Presumably, Daniel received the principality after the death of his father - Alexander Nevsky (1263), at the age of 2 years. For the first seven years, from 1264 to 1271, he was raised by his uncle, the Grand Duke of Vladimir and Tver Yaroslav Yaroslavich, whose governors at that time ruled Moscow (PSRL, vol. 15, stb. 474). The first mention of Daniel as a Moscow prince dates back to 1282, but, probably, his reign still happened earlier. (cm. Kuchkin V.A. The first Moscow prince Daniil Alexandrovich // Patriotic history. No. 1, 1995). Died 5th of March 1303 on Tuesday (Ultramart 6712) (PSRL, vol. I, stb. 486; Trinity Chronicle, p. 351). In the Nikon Chronicle, March 4, 6811 (PSRL, vol. X, p. 174), the day of the week indicates March 5.
  119. Killed November 21(Trinity Chronicle, p. 357; PSRL, vol. X, p. 189) 6833 (1325) years (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 260; VI, issue 1, stb. 398).
  120. See above.
  121. He sat on the throne immediately after his father's death, but brother Yuri Dmitrievich challenged his right to power (PSRL, vol. VIII, p. 92; vol. XII, p. 1). Having received a label for the great reign, he sat on the throne in 69420 ( 1432 ) year. According to the Sofia second chronicle, 5 october 6939, 10 indications, that is, in the fall of 1431 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, stb. 64) (According to the Novgorod first in 6940 (PSRL, vol. III, p. 416), according to the Novgorod fourth in 6941 year (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 433), according to the Nikon Chronicle in 6940 on Peter's day (PSRL, vol. VIII, p. 96; vol. XII, p. 16). The place of enthronement is a debatable issue. chronicles simply report that Vasily returned from the Horde to Moscow, but the Sophia First and Nikon Chronicles add that he sat down "at the Most Pure at the Golden Doors" (PSRL, vol. V, p. 264, PSRL, vol. XII, p. 16 ), which may indicate the Assumption Cathedral of Vladimir. (The version of the enthronement of Vasily in Vladimir is defended by V.D. Nazarov. See Vasily II Vasilyevich // BRE. T.4. - P.629).
  122. Defeated Vasily on April 25, 6941 (1433) and occupied Moscow, but soon left it (PSRL, vol. VIII, pp. 97-98, vol. XII, p. 18).
  123. He returned to Moscow after the departure of Yuri, but was again defeated by him on Lazarev Saturday 6942 (that is, March 20, 1434) (PSRL, vol. XII, p. 19).
  124. Took Moscow on Wednesday at Light Week 6942 (i.e. March 31 1434) of the year (PSRL, vol. XII, p. 20) (according to Sofia second - on Holy Week 6942 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, stb. 66), but soon died (according to the Tver Chronicle on July 4 ( PSRL, vol. XV, stb. 490), according to others - on June 6 (note 276 to volume V of the "History of the Russian State", according to the Arkhangelsk Chronicle).
  125. He sat on the throne after the death of his father, but after a month of reign he left the city (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, stb. 67, vol. VIII, p. 99; vol. XII, p. 20).
  126. He sat down on the throne again in 1442. He was defeated in a battle with the Tatars and was taken prisoner.
  127. Arrived in Moscow shortly after the capture of Vasily. Learning about the return of Vasily, he fled to Uglich. In the primary sources there are no direct indications of his great reign, but the conclusion about him is made by a number of authors. Cm. A. A. Zimin A Knight at the Crossroads: Feudal War in 15th Century Russia. - M.: Mysl, 1991 .-- 286 p. - ISBN 5-244-00518-9.).
  128. I entered Moscow on October 26. Captured, blinded on February 16, 1446 (September 6954) (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, stb. 113, vol. XII, p. 69).
  129. He took Moscow on February 12 at nine o'clock in the morning (that is, according to the modern account February 13 after midnight) in 1446 (PSRL, vol. VIII, p. 115; vol. XII, p. 67). The first of the Moscow princes to use the title of Sovereign of All Russia. Moscow was taken in the absence of Shemyaka by the supporters of Vasily Vasilyevich in the early morning of Christmas September 6955 ( December 25 1446) (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, stb. 120).
  130. At the end of December 1446, Muscovites again kissed the cross for him, he sat on the throne in Moscow on February 17, 1447 (September 6955) (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, stb. 121, vol. XII, p. 73). Died March 27 6970 (1462) on Saturday at three o'clock in the morning (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, stb. 158, vol. VIII, p. 150; vol. XII, p. 115) (According to the Stroyevsky list of the Novgorod fourth on April 4 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 445), according to the Dubrovsky list and according to the Tver Chronicle - March 28 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 493, vol. XV, stb. 496), according to one of the lists of the Resurrection Chronicle - 26 March, according to one of the lists of the Nikon Chronicle on March 7 (according to N. M. Karamzin - March 17 on Saturday - note 371 to volume V of the "History of the Russian State", but the calculation of the day of the week is wrong, right on March 27).
  131. For the first time he was named the Grand Duke in the treaty between Vasily II and the prince of Suzdal Ivan Vasilyevich, drawn up between December 15, 1448 and June 22, 1449. There is also an opinion that the prince Ivan was declared the Grand Duke during the election of Metropolitan Jonah on December 15, 1448 ( A. A. Zimin Knight at the crossroads). After the death of his father, he inherited the throne.
  132. The first sovereign ruler of Russia after the overthrow of the Horde yoke. Died 27th October 1505 (September 7014) at the first hour of the night from Monday to Tuesday (PSRL, vol. VIII, p. 245; vol. XII, p. 259) (According to Sofiyskaya second on October 26 (PSRL, vol. VI, issue 2, 374) According to the Academic List of the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle - October 27 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 468), according to Dubrovsky's list - October 28 (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 535).
  133. From June 1471, in acts and chronicles, he began to be called the Grand Duke, becoming the heir and co-regent of his father. He died on March 7, 1490 at eight o'clock in the morning (PSRL, vol. VI, p. 239).
  134. He was planted by Ivan III "for the great reign of Vladimir, Moscow, Novgorod and all Russia" (PSRL, vol. VI, p. 242). For the first time, a royal wedding ceremony was held and for the first time a "Monomakh hat" was used for the coronation. In 1502, Ivan III changed his mind, announcing his son Vasily as his heir.
  135. Was crowned by Ivan III for the great reign (PSRL, vol. VIII, p. 242). After the death of his father, he inherited the throne.
  136. He sat on the throne in 1505. He died on December 3, 7042 in September at twelve o'clock in the morning, from Wednesday to Thursday (that is 4 december 1533 before dawn) (PSRL, vol. IV, p. 563, vol. VIII, p. 285; vol. XIII, p. 76).
  137. Until 1538, Elena Glinskaya was the regent under the minor Ivan. Died April 3 7046 (1538 ) of the year (PSRL, vol. VIII, p. 295; vol. XIII, pp. 98, 134).
  138. He was crowned king on January 16, 1547. He died on March 18, 1584 at about seven o'clock in the evening.
  139. Kasimov khan, name before baptism Sain-Bulat. He was planted by Ivan the Terrible on the throne, with the title of "Sovereign Grand Duke Simeon of All Russia", and Grozny himself began to be called "Prince of Moscow". The reign is determined by the surviving charters. It was first mentioned in Ivan's petition on October 30, 7084 in September (that is, in this case, 1575), the last time - in a letter issued by him to the Novgorod landowner T.I.Baranov on July 18, 7084 (1576) (Piskarevsky Chronicles, p. 81 -82 and 148. Koretsky V.I. Zemsky Sobor 1575 and the appointment of Simeon Bekbulatovich "the Grand Duke of All Russia" // Historical Archive, No. 2. 1959). After 1576 he became the titular Grand Duke of Tver. Later, in the oaths taken to Boris Godunov and his son Fyodor, there was a separate clause providing for "not wanting" Simeon and his children to the kingdom.
  140. He was crowned king on May 31, 1584. Died on January 7, 1598 at one o'clock in the morning.
  141. After Fyodor's death, the boyars swore allegiance to his wife Irina and issued decrees on her behalf. Across eight days she went to a monastery, but in official documents she continued to be called "Empress Queen and Grand Duchess."
  142. Elected by the Zemsky Sobor on February 17. He was married to the kingdom on September 1. He died on April 13 at about three o'clock in the afternoon.
  143. He inherited the throne after the death of his father. As a result of the uprising of Muscovites, who recognized False Dmitry as tsar, he was arrested on June 1 and killed 10 days later.
  144. He entered Moscow on June 20, 1605. He was married to the throne on July 30. Killed in the morning of May 17, 1606. Posing as Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich. According to the conclusions of the government commission of Tsar Boris Godunov, supported by the majority of researchers, the real name of the impostor is Grigory (Yuri) Bogdanovich Otrepiev.
  145. Elected by the boyars, participants in the conspiracy against False Dmitry. He was married to the kingdom on June 1. Deposed by the boyars (formally deposed by the Zemsky Sobor) and forcibly tonsured a monk on July 17, 1610.
  146. In the period - after the overthrow of Tsar Vasily Shuisky, power in Moscow was in the hands of the (Boyar Duma), which created a provisional government of seven boyars ("seven-numbered boyars", in historiography the seven-boyars). On August 17, 1611, this provisional government recognized the king of the Polish-Lithuanian prince Vladislav Sigismundovich (see N. Markhotsky. History of the Moscow War. M., 2000.)
  147. He headed the Boyar Duma. Negotiated with the Poles. After the liberation of Moscow from the interventionists, before the arrival of Mikhail Romanov, he formally accepted the incoming state documents as the oldest member of the Duma.
  148. The supreme body of executive power in the territory liberated from the interventionists. Established on June 30, 1611 by the Council of the Whole Land, functioned until the spring of 1613. Initially, it was headed by three leaders (leaders of the First Militia): D.T. Trubetskoy, I.M.Zarutsky and P.P. Lyapunov. Then Lyapunov was killed, and Zarutsky in August 1612 opposed the people's militia. In the spring of 1611, in Nizhny Novgorod, the Second Militia arose under the leadership of K. Minin (elected zemstvo headman on September 1, 1611) and D. M. Pozharsky (arrived in Nizhny Novgorod on October 28, 1611). In the spring of 1612 he formed a new composition of the Zemsky government. The second militia organized the expulsion of the interventionists from Moscow and the convocation of the Zemsky Sobor, which elected Mikhail Romanov to the throne. After the unification of the First and Second militias at the end of September 1612 DT Trubetskoy formally became the head of the Zemsky government.
  149. March 14, 1613 agreed to take the Russian throne. Elected by Zemsky Sobor 21 february , 11 july crowned king in the Kremlin's Assumption Cathedral. Died in the second hour of the night July 13, 1645.
  150. Released from Polish captivity on June 1, 1619. Until the end of his life, he officially bore the title of "great sovereign".
  151. A royal wedding on September 28, 1645. Died on January 29, 1676 at 9 pm.
  152. A royal wedding on June 18, 1676. Died on April 27, 1682.
  153. After the death of Fyodor, the Boyar Duma proclaimed Peter the Tsar, bypassing Ivan. However, as a result of the struggle of the court groupings, it was decided to declare the brothers co-rulers, and on June 5, Ivan was proclaimed the "senior tsar". Joint wedding to the kingdom

The history of the Russian state is already much more than a millennium, and to be completely honest, even before the onset of awareness and the establishment of statehood, a colossal number of the most diverse tribes lived on vast territories. The final period of ten centuries, and a little more, can be called the most interesting, saturated with the most diverse personalities and rulers, significant for the fate of the entire country. And the chronology of the rulers of Russia, from Rurik to Putin, is so lengthy and confusing that it would not be bad to understand in more detail how we managed to overcome this long path for several centuries, who stood at the head of the people at every hour of its life and why to be remembered by descendants, leaving in the centuries their shame and glory, disappointment and pride. Whatever it was, but they all left their mark, were worthy daughters and sons of their time, providing their descendants with a great future.

The main stages: the rulers of Russia in chronological order, table

Not every Russian, no matter how sad it may be, is well versed in history, and he can hardly list the list of the rulers of Russia in chronological order at least for the last hundred years. And for a historian, this is far from being such a simple task, especially if you also need to briefly tell about the contribution of each of them to the history of their native country. That is why historians decided to conditionally divide all this into the main historical stages, linking them according to some specific criterion, for example, according to the social system, foreign and domestic policy, and so on.

Russian rulers: chronology of stages of development

It is worth saying that the chronology of the rulers of Russia can tell a lot even to a person who does not have any special abilities or knowledge in the historical sense. The historical as well as the personal characteristics of each of them largely depended on the conditions of the very era when they happened to lead the country in that particular period of time.

Among other things, over the entire historical period, not only the rulers of Russia from Rurik to Putin (the table below will definitely be of interest to you), were replaced by one another, but the historical and political center of the country itself changed its place of deployment, and often it did not depend at all from the people, which, however, did not suffer much from this. For example, until the forty-seventh year of the sixteenth century, the country was ruled by princes, and only after that monarchization began, which ended in November 1917 with the Great October Revolution very tragically.

Further more, and almost the entire twentieth century can be attributed to the stage of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and subsequently the formation of new, almost completely independent states on the territories previously belonging to Russia. Thus, all the rulers of Russia, from Rurik to Putin, will help to understand more about which road we have been moving up to this moment, to point out the advantages and disadvantages, to sort out priorities and clearly weed out historical mistakes so as not to repeat them again and again.

Russian rulers in chronological order: Novgorod and Kiev - where did I go

Historical materials, which have no reason to doubt, for this period, which begins in 862 and ends with the end of the reign of the Kiev princes, are actually quite scarce. However, they allow to understand the chronology of the rulers of Russia at that time, although at that time such a state simply did not exist.

Interesting

The chronicle of the twelfth century "The Tale of Bygone Years" makes it clear that in 862 the great warrior and strategist, famous for his enormous strength of mind, the Varangian Rurik, taking his brothers, went at the invitation of local tribes to reign in the capital city of Novgorod. In fact, it was then that a turning point in the history of Russia came, called the "vocation of the Varangians", which ultimately helped to unite the Novgorodian principalities with those of Kiev.

Varyag from the people of Russia Rurik replaced Prince Gostomysl, and came to power in 862. He ruled until 872, then he died, leaving his young son Igor, who could not be his only offspring, in the care of a distant relative of Oleg.

Since 872, regent Prophetic Oleg, left to look after Igor, decided not to confine himself to the Novgorod principality, captured Kiev and moved his capital there. It was rumored that he did not die from an accidental snakebite in 882 or 912, but it is no longer possible to understand thoroughly.

After the death of the regent in 912, the son of Rurik came to power, Igor, which the first of the Russian rulers can be clearly traced, both in Western and Byzantine sources. In the fall, Igor decided to collect tribute from the Drevlyans in a larger amount than was due, for which they treacherously killed him.

Prince Igor's wife, Duchess Olga She ascended the throne after the death of her husband in 945, and managed to convert to Christianity even before the final decision on the baptism of Rus was made.

Formally, after Igor, his son ascended the throne, Svyatoslav Igorevich... However, since at that time he was three years old, his mother Olga became regent, whom he successfully moved after 956, until he was killed by the Pechenegs in 972.

In 972, the eldest son of Svyatoslav and his wife Predslava came to power - Yaropolk Svyatoslavovich... However, he had to sit on the throne for only two years. Then he simply fell into the millstones of civil strife, was killed and ground up in the "torment of time."

In 970, the son of Svyatoslav Igorevich ascended the throne of Novgorod from his own private housekeeper Malusha, the prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich, who later received the nickname for the adoption of Christianity Great and Baptist... Eight years later, he ascended the Kiev throne, seizing it, and also transferring his capital there. It is he who is considered the prototype of that very epic character fanned by fame and a certain mystical aura for centuries, Vladimir the Red Sun.

Grand Duke Yaroslav Vladimirovich the Wise He sat on the Kiev throne in 1016, which he managed to capture under the guise of turmoil, which arose after the death of his father Vladimir, and after him, his brother Svyatopolk.

Since 1054, the son of Yaroslav and his wife, the Swedish princess Ingigerda (Irina), named Izyaslav, began to rule in Kiev until he died heroically in the midst of a battle against his own uncles in 1068. Buried Izyaslav Yaroslavich in the iconic Hagia Sophia in Kiev.

Starting from this period, that is, 1068, certain personalities ascended the throne, who did not leave any serious trace in the historical sense.

Grand Duke, by name Svyatopolk Izyaslavovich took the throne already in 1093 and ruled until 1113.

It was at this moment in 1113 that one of the greatest Russian princes of his time came to power Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh who left the throne after only twelve years.

The next seven years, until 1132, the son of Monomakh sat on the throne, by name Mstislav Vladimirovich.

Starting in 1132, and again for exactly seven years, the throne took Yaropolk Vladimirovich, also the son of the great Monomakh.

Fragmentation and civil strife in Ancient Russia: the rulers of Russia in order and randomly

It must be said that the Russian rulers, the chronology of whose leadership is offered to you for general education and increasing knowledge about their own historical basis, have always been concerned about the statehood and prosperity of their own peoples, one way or another. They consolidated their positions in the European arena as best they could, but their calculations and aspirations were not always justified, but you can't judge your ancestors too harshly, you can always find several weighty or not very strong arguments in favor of one or another decision.

In the period when Russia was a deeply feudal land, fragmented into the smallest principalities, the persons on the throne of Kiev were replaced with catastrophic speed, without even having time to accomplish anything more or less significant. Around the middle of the thirteenth century, Kiev generally fell into complete decline, leaving only a few names about that period in the memory of descendants.

Great Russian rulers: chronology of the Vladimir principality

The beginning of the twelfth century for Russia was marked by the formation of late feudalism, the weakening of the principality of Kiev, as well as the emergence of several other centers, from where strong pressure from large feudal lords was observed. The largest such centers were Galich and Vladimir. It is worth dwelling a little more on the princes of that era, although they did not leave a significant trace in the history of modern Russia, and perhaps their role has simply not yet been appreciated by their descendants.

The rulers of Russia: a list of the times of the Moscow principality

After it was decided to move the capital to Moscow from the earlier capital Vladimir, the feudal fragmentation of the Russian lands began to gradually decrease, and the main center, of course, began to gradually and unobtrusively increase its own political influence. And the rulers of that time began to be much more lucky, they managed to hold out on the throne longer than the unfortunate Vladimir princes.

Beginning in the 48th year of the sixteenth century, hard times fell in Russia. The ruling dynasty of princes actually collapsed and ceased to exist. This period is usually called timelessness, when real power was in the hands of boyar families.

Monarchical rulers of Russia: chronology before Peter I and after him

Historians are accustomed to identifying three periods of the formation and development of Russian monarchical rule: the pre-Petrine period, the reign of Peter, and also the post-Petrine period.

After hard times of troubles, he came to power, glorified by Bulgakov, Ivan Vasilievich the Terrible(from 1548 to 1574).

After father Ivan the Terrible, his son was blessed to reign Fedor, nicknamed the Blessed(from 1584 to 1598).

It is worth knowing that Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich was the last of the Rurik family, but he could not leave an heir. The people considered him inferior, both in terms of health and mental abilities. Beginning in 98 of the sixteenth century, times of turmoil began, which lasted until the 12th year of the next century. The rulers changed, like pictures in a silent movie, each pulled in his own direction, thinking little about the welfare of the state. In 1612, a new royal dynasty - the Romanovs - came to power.

The first representative of the royal dynasty was Michael, he spent time on the throne from 1613 to 1645.

Alexei's son Fedor took the throne in 76 and spent exactly 6 years on it.

Sofya Alekseevna, his blood sister was in charge of state government from 1682 until 1689.

Peter I ascended the throne as a young man in 1689, and stayed on it until 1725. This was the greatest period in Russian history, the country finally gained stability, the economy took off, and the new tsar began to call himself emperor.

In 1725 she took the throne Ekaterina Skavronskaya, and left it in 1727.

In 30 year he sat on the throne queen anna, and ruled for exactly 10 years.

Ivan Antonovich stayed on the throne for only a year, from 1740 to 1741.

Ekaterina Petrovna ran from 41 to 61 years old.

In the 62nd year took the throne Catherine the Great, where she stayed until the 96th.

Pavel Petrovich(from 1796 to 1801).

Following Paul came and Alexander I (1081-1825).

Nicholas I came to power in 1825, and left it in 1855.

Tyrant and sloven, but very responsible Alexander II had the ability to bite his household on the legs, lying on the floor from 1855 to 1881.

The very last of the Russian tsars Nicholas II, ruled the country until 1917, after which the dynasty was completely and unconditionally interrupted. Moreover, it was then that a completely new political system was formed, called the republic.

Soviet rulers of Russia: in order from the revolution to the present day

The first Russian ruler after the revolution was Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, who formally ruled a huge colossus of workers and peasants until 1924. In fact, by the time of his death, he was no longer able to decide anything and in his place it was necessary to put forward a strong personality with an iron hand, which happened.

Dzhugashvili (Stalin) Joseph Vissarionovich(from 1924 to 1953).

Corn lover Nikita Khrushchev became the very "first" First Secretary until 1964.

Leonid Brezhnev took over from Khrushchev in 1964 and died in 1982.

After Brezhnev came the so-called "thaw", when Yuri Andropov(1982-1984).

Konstantin Chernenko took over as general secretary in 1984 and left a year later.

Mikhail Gorbachev decided to introduce the notorious "perestroika", and as a result became the first, and at the same time the only president of the USSR (1985-1991).

Boris Yeltsin, named the head of Russia, independent from anyone (1991-1999).

The current head of state today, Vladimir Putin has been the President of Russia since the "millennium", that is, in 2000. There was a break in his reign for a period of 4 years, when the country was quite successfully led by Dmitry Medvedev.

The description of history in textbooks and multi-million circulations of fiction in recent decades has been questioned, to put it mildly. The rulers of Russia in chronological order are of great importance in the study of ancient times. People who are interested in their native history begin to understand that, in fact, its real, written on paper, does not exist, there are versions, from which everyone chooses his own, corresponding to his ideas. The story from the textbooks is only suitable for the role of a starting point.

The rulers of Russia in the period of the highest rise of the Ancient state

Much of what is known about the history of Russia - Russia is drawn from the "lists" of chronicles, the originals of which have not survived. In addition, even copies often contradict themselves and the elementary logic of events. Often, historians are forced to accept only their own opinion and claim it as the only correct one.

The first legendary rulers of Russia, who date back to 2.5 thousand years BC, were the brothers Sloven and Rus... They trace their lineage from Noah's son Japheth (hence Vandal, Encourage, etc.). The people of Rus are the Rusichi, the Rus, the people of Slovenia are the Slovenes, the Slavs. On the lake. The Ilmen brothers built the cities of Slovensk and Rusa (now Staraya Rusa). Veliky Novgorod was later built on the site of the burnt down Slovensk.

Descendants of Slovenia are known - Burivy and Gostomysl- the son of Burivy, or the mayor, or the foreman of Novgorod, who, having lost all his sons in the battles, summoned his grandson Rurik to Russia from a related tribe Rus (specifically from the island of Rugen).

Next are the versions written by German "historiographers" (Bayer, Miller, Schletzer) in the Russian service. In the German historiography of Russia, it is striking that it was written by people who did not know the Russian language, traditions and beliefs. Who collected and rewrote chronicles, not preserving, but often deliberately destroying, adjusting the facts to some ready-made version. It is interesting that Russian historiographers over the course of several hundred years, instead of refuting the German version of history, in every possible way adjusted new facts and studies to fit it.

The rulers of Russia according to historical tradition:

1. Rurik (862 - 879)- was called by his grandfather to restore order and end civil strife between Slavic and Finno-Ugric tribes in the territory of modern Leningrad and Novgorod regions. He founded or restored the city of Ladoga (Staraya Ladoga). Rules in Novgorod. After the Novgorod uprising in 864, under the leadership of the voivode Vadim the Brave, he united north-western Russia under his command.

According to legend, he sent (or they left) the warriors Askold and Dir to fight in Constantinople by water. They captured Kiev on the way.

It is not known exactly how the founder of the Rurik dynasty died.

2. Oleg the Prophetic (879 - 912)- a relative or successor of Rurik, who remained at the head of the Novgorod state, either as the guardian of Rurik's son, Igor, or as an eligible prince.

In 882 he went to Kiev. Along the way, it peacefully joins the principality with many tribal Slavic lands along the Dnieper, including the lands of the Smolensk Krivichi. In Kiev, he kills Askold and Dir, makes Kiev the capital.

In 907 he wages a victorious war with Byzantium - a trade agreement, beneficial for Russia, was signed. Nails his shield on the gates of Constantinople. He makes many successful and not very military campaigns (including defending the interests of the Khazar Kaganate), becoming the creator of the state of Kievan Rus. According to legend, he dies from a snakebite.

3. Igor (912 - 945)- fights for the unity of the state, constantly pacifying and annexing the surrounding Kiev lands, Slavic tribes. Fighting since 920 with the Pechenegs. He makes two campaigns against Constantinople: in 941 - unsuccessful, in 944 - with the conclusion of a treaty on more favorable terms for Russia than that of Oleg. He dies at the hands of the Drevlyans, going for a second tribute.

4. Olga (945 - after 959)- Regent under the three-year-old Svyatoslav. The date of birth and origin are not exactly established - either an ordinary varyazh or Oleg's daughter. She brutally and sophisticated revenge on the Drevlyans for the murder of her husband. She clearly established the size of the tribute. Divided Russia into parts ruled by the tiuns. Introduced a system of graveyards - places of trade and exchange. She built fortresses and cities. In 955 she was baptized in Constantinople.

The time of her reign is characterized by peace with the surrounding countries and the development of the state in all respects. The first Russian saint. She died in 969.

5. Svyatoslav Igorevich (959 - March 972)- the date of the beginning of the reign is relative - the mother ruled the country until her death, while Svyatoslav himself preferred to fight and was in Kiev rarely and not for long. Even the first foray of the Pechenegs and the siege of Kiev was met by Olga.

As a result of two campaigns, Svyatoslav defeated the Khazar Kaganate, to which Russia for a long time paid tribute with its soldiers. He conquered and imposed tribute on the Volga Bulgaria. Maintaining ancient traditions and in agreement with the squad, he despised Christians, Muslims and Jews. He conquered Tmutarakan and made the Vyatichi tributaries. In the period from 967 to 969 he successfully fought in Bulgaria under a treaty with the Byzantine Empire. In 969, he distributed Russia among his sons for inheritance: Yaropolk - Kiev, Oleg - Drevlyansky lands, Vladimir (a bastard son from a housekeeper) - Novgorod. He himself went to the new capital of his state - Pereyaslavets on the Danube. In 970 - 971 he fought with the Byzantine Empire with varying success. Killed by the Pechenegs, bribed by Constantinople, on the way to Kiev, as he became too strong an enemy for Byzantium.

6. Yaropolk Svyatoslavich (972 - 11.06.978)- tried to establish a relationship with the Holy Roman Empire and the Pope. He supported Christians in Kiev. Minted his own coin.

In 978 he defeated the Pechenegs. Since 977, at the instigation of the boyars, he began an internecine war with the brothers. Oleg died trampled by horses during the siege of the fortress, Vladimir fled "across the sea" and returned with a mercenary army. As a result of the war, Yaropolk, invited to the negotiations, was killed, and Vladimir took the grand-ducal seat.

7. Vladimir Svyatoslavich (11.06.978 - 15.07.1015)- carried out attempts to reform the Slavic Vedic cult, using human sacrifices. He won back Cherven Rus and Przemysl from the Poles. He conquered the Yatvingians, thereby opening the way for Russia to the Baltic Sea. He imposed a tribute on the Vyatichi and Rodimichi, while uniting the Novgorod and Kiev lands. Made a profitable peace with the Volga Bulgaria.

He captured Korsun in the Crimea in 988 and threatened to go to Constantinople if he did not get the sister of the Byzantine emperor as a wife. Having received a wife, he was baptized in the same place in Korsun and began to spread Christianity in Russia with "fire and sword". During the forced Christianization, the country became depopulated - out of 12 million, only 3 remained. Only Rostov-Suzdal land was able to avoid forced Christianization.

He paid much attention to the recognition of Kievan Rus in the West. He built several fortresses to defend the principality from the Polovtsians. With military campaigns he reached the North Caucasus.

8. Svyatopolk Vladimirovich (1015 - 1016, 1018 - 1019)- With the support of the people and the boyars, he took the Kiev throne. Soon three brothers die - Boris, Gleb, Svyatoslav. An open struggle for the grand-ducal throne begins to be waged by his own brother, Prince of Novgorod Yaroslav. After being defeated by Yaroslav, Svyatopolk flees to his father-in-law, King of Poland Boleslav I the Brave. In 1018, Yaroslav was defeated with Polish troops. The Poles, who began to plunder Kiev, cause popular indignation, and Svyatopolk is forced to disperse them, being left without troops.

Returning with new troops, Yaroslav easily takes Kiev. Svyatopolk, with the help of the Pechenegs, is trying to regain power, but to no avail. Dies, deciding to go to the Pechenegs.

For the murders of the brothers attributed to him, he was nicknamed the Cursed.

9. Yaroslav the Wise (1016 - 1018, 1019 - 20.02.1054)- first settled in Kiev during the war with his brother Svyatopolk. He received support from the Novgorodians, and besides them he had a mercenary army.

The beginning of the second period of the reign was marked by princely strife with his brother Mstislav, who defeated Yaroslav's troops and seized the left bank of the Dnieper from Chernigov. Peace was concluded between the brothers, they went on joint campaigns to the Yas and the Poles, but the Grand Duke Yaroslav until his brother's death stayed in Novgorod, and not in capital Kiev.

In 1030 he defeated the Chud and laid the foundation of the city of Yuryev. Immediately after the death of Mstislav, fearing competition, he imprisons his last brother Sudislav and moves to Kiev.

In 1036, he defeats the Pechenegs, freeing Russia from raids. In subsequent years, he makes trips to the Yatvingians, Lithuania and Mazovia. In 1043 - 1046 he was at war with the Byzantine empire over the murder of a noble Russian in Constantinople. He breaks off the alliance with Poland and gives off his daughter Anna to the French king.

Founding monasteries and building churches, incl. St. Sophia Cathedral, erects stone walls in Kiev. By order of Yaroslav, many books are translated and rewritten. Opens the first school for children of priests and village elders in Novgorod. Under him, the first metropolitan of Russian origin, Hilarion, appears.

Publishes the Church Charter and the first known code of laws of Russia "Russian Truth".

10. Izyaslav Yaroslavich (20.02.1054 - 14.09.1068, 2.05.1069 - March 1073, 15.06.1077 - 3.10.1078)- not beloved by the people of Kiev, the prince, forced to periodically hide outside the principality. Together with his brothers, he creates a code of laws "Pravda Yaroslavichi". The first reign is characterized by joint decision-making by all the Yaroslavich brothers - the Triumvirate.

In 1055, the brothers break the Torks near Pereyaslavl and establish borders with the Polovtsian Land. Izyaslav provides assistance to Byzantium in Armenia, seizes the lands of the Baltic people - goliad. In 1067, as a result of the war with the Polotsk principality, he deceived Prince Vseslav the Sorcerer.

In 1068 Izyaslav refuses to arm the Kievites against the Polovtsians, for which he was expelled from Kiev. Returns with Polish troops.

In 1073, as a result of a conspiracy drawn up by his younger brothers, he leaves Kiev and wanders around Europe for a long time in search of allies. He returns the throne after Svyatoslav Yaroslavovich dies.

He died in a battle with his nephews near Chernigov.

11. Vseslav Bryachislavich (09/14/1068 - April 1069)- Polotsk prince, released from arrest by the people of Kiev, who rebelled against Izyaslav and enthroned to the throne of the Grand Duke. He left Kiev when Izyaslav was approaching with the Poles. He ruled in Polotsk for more than 30 years, without stopping the fight against the Yaroslavichs.

12.Svyatoslav Yaroslavich (22.03.1073 - 27.12.1076)- came to power in Kiev as a result of a conspiracy against his older brother, with the support of the people of Kiev. He devoted a lot of attention and funds to supporting the clergy and the church. He died as a result of surgery.

13.Vsevolod Yaroslavich (1.01.1077 - July 1077, October 1078 - 13.04.1093)- the first period ended with the voluntary transfer of power to brother Izyaslav. The second time he took the grand-ducal place after the death of the latter in the internecine war.

Almost the entire period of the reign was marked by a fierce internecine struggle, especially with the Polotsk principality. Vladimir Monomakh, the son of Vsevolod, distinguished himself in this civil strife, who, with the help of the Polovtsians, conducted several devastating campaigns on the Polotsk lands.

Vsevolod and Monomakh conducted campaigns against Vyatichi and Polovtsi.

Vsevolod married his daughter Eupraxia to the emperor of the Roman Empire. The church-consecrated marriage ended in a scandal and the emperor was accused of performing satanic rituals.

14. Svyatopolk Izyaslavich (04.24.1093 - 04.16.1113)- first of all, having ascended the throne, he arrested the Polovtsian ambassadors, unleashing a war. As a result, together with V. Monomakh, the Polovtsians were defeated at Stugna and Zhelan, Torchesk was burned and three main Kiev monasteries were looted.

The princely feuds were not stopped by the congress of princes in Lyubech held in 1097, which secured the ownership of the branches of the princely dynasties. Svyatopolk Izyaslavich remained the Grand Duke and ruler of Kiev and Turov. Immediately after the congress, he slandered V. Monomakh and other princes. They responded with a siege of Kiev, which ended in an armistice.

In 1100, at the congress of princes in Uvetchitsy, Svyatopolk received Volhynia.

In 1104 Svyatopolk organized a campaign against the Minsk prince Gleb.

In 1103-1111, a coalition of princes led by Svyatopolk and Vladimir Monomakh successfully waged a war against the Polovtsians.

The death of Svyatopolk was accompanied by an uprising in Kiev against the boyars and usurers who were closest to him.

15. Vladimir Monomakh (20.04.1113 - 19.05.1125)- was invited to reign during the uprising in Kiev against the administration of Svyatopolk. He created the "Charter on cuts", which was included in the "Russian Truth", which eased the position of debtors while fully preserving feudal relations.

The beginning of the reign was not without civil strife: Yaroslav Svyatopolchich, who claimed the Kiev throne, had to be expelled from Volyn. The period of Monomakh's rule was the last period of strengthening of the grand ducal power in Kiev. Together with his sons, the Grand Duke owned 75% of the territory of chronicle Russia.

To strengthen the state, Monomakh often used dynastic marriages and his authority as a military leader - the winner of the Polovtsians. During his reign, the sons defeated the Chud, defeated the Volga Bulgars.

In 1116 - 1119 Vladimir Vsevolodovich successfully fought with Byzantium. As a result of the war, as a ransom, he received from the emperor the title "Tsar of All Russia", a scepter, orb, a royal crown (the cap of Monomakh). As a result of the negotiations, Monomakh gave his granddaughter to the emperor.

16. Mstislav the Great (20.05.1125 - 15.04.1132)- originally owned only the Kiev land, but was recognized as the eldest among the princes. Gradually began to control through dynastic marriages and sons of the city of Novgorod, Chernigov, Kursk, Murom, Ryazan, Smolensk and Turov.

In 1129 he plundered the Polotsk lands. In 1131 he deprived of the inheritance and expelled the Polotsk princes, headed by the son of Vseslav the Sorcerer - Davyd.

In the period from 1130 to 1132, he made several campaigns with varying success against the Baltic tribes, including the Chud and Lithuania.

The state of Mstislav is the last informal union of the principalities of Kievan Rus. He controlled all large cities, all the way "from the Varangians to the Greeks", the accumulated military power gave him the right to be called the Great in the annals.

The rulers of the Old Russian state during the fragmentation and decline of Kiev

The princes on the Kiev throne during this period are often replaced and do not rule for long, for the most part they do not show themselves in anything remarkable:

1. Yaropolk Vladimirovich (04.17.1132 - 02.18.1139)- The prince of Pereyaslavl was called to rule the Kievites, but his very first decision to transfer Pereyaslavl to Izyaslav Mstislavich, who had ruled in Polotsk before, caused indignation among the Kievites and the expulsion of Yaropolk. In the same year, the Kievites called on Yaropolk again, but Polotsk, to which the dynasty of Vseslav the Sorcerer returned, was separated from Kievan Rus.

In the internecine struggle that began between the various branches of the Rurikovichs, the Grand Duke could not show firmness and by the time of his death had lost control, except for Polotsk, over Novgorod and Chernigov. Nominally, only Rostov-Suzdal land was subordinate to him.

2. Vyacheslav Vladimirovich (22.02 - 4.03.1139, April 1151 - 6.02.1154)- the first, one and a half week period of reign ended with the overthrow of the throne by Vsevolod Olgovich, the Chernigov prince.

In the second period, it was only an official sign, the real power belonged to Izyaslav Mstislavich.

3. Vsevolod Olgovich (05.03.1139 - 1.08.1146)- the Chernigov prince, forcibly removed Vyacheslav Vladimirovich from the throne, interrupting the rule of Monomashichi in Kiev. Was not loved by the people of Kiev. The entire period of his reign skillfully maneuvered between Mstislavovich and Monomashichi. He constantly fought with the latter, trying not to allow his own relatives to the grand ducal power.

4. Igor Olgovich (1 - 13.08.1146)- received Kiev by his brother's will, which angered the inhabitants of the city. The townspeople summoned Izyaslav Mstislavich to the throne from Pereslavl. After the battle between the contenders, Igor was put in a hole, where he fell seriously ill. Released from there, he was tonsured a monk, but in 1147, on suspicion of conspiracy against Izyaslav, he was executed by vengeful Kievans only because Olgovich.

5. Izyaslav Mstislavich (08.13.1146 - 08.23.1149, 1151 - 11.13.1154)- in the first period, directly apart from Kiev, he ruled Pereyaslavl, Turov, Volyn. In the internecine struggle with Yuri Dolgoruky and his allies, he enjoyed the support of the Novgorodians, Smolyans and Ryazanians. He often attracted the allied Polovtsy, Hungarians, Czechs, Poles into his ranks.

For an attempt to elect a Russian metropolitan without the approval of the patriarch from Constantinople, he was excommunicated.

He had the support of the people of Kiev in the fight against the Suzdal princes.

6. Yuri Dolgoruky (08.28.1149 - summer 1150, summer 1150 - early 1151, 03.20.1155 - 05.15.1157)- Suzdal prince, son of V. Monomakh. Three times sat on the throne of the Grand Duke. The first two times he was expelled from Kiev by Izyaslav and the Kievites. In his struggle for the rights of the Monomashites, he relied on the support of Novgorod - the Seversky prince Svyatoslav (brother of Igor executed in Kiev), Galicians and Polovtsians. The decisive battle against Izyaslav was the Battle of Ruta in 1151. Having lost which, Yuri single-handedly lost all his allies in the south.

The third time he subdued Kiev after Izyaslav and his co-ruler Vyacheslav died. In 1157 he made an unsuccessful campaign to Volhynia, where the sons of Izyaslav settled.

Presumably poisoned by the Kievites.

In the south, only one son of Yuri Dolgoruky, Gleb, was able to gain a foothold in the Pereyaslavl principality isolated from Kiev.

7. Rostislav Mstislavich (1154 - 1155, 12.04.1159 - 8.02.1161, March 1161 - 14.03.1167)- for 40 years the Smolensk prince. He founded the Grand Duchy of Smolensk. The first time he took the Kiev throne at the invitation of Vyacheslav Vladimirovich, who called him co-ruler, but soon died. Rostislav Mstislavich was forced to speak out to meet Yuri Dolgoruky. Having met with his uncle, the Smolensk prince ceded Kiev to an older relative.

The second and third terms of rule in Kiev were divided by the attack of Izyaslav Davydovich with the Polovtsians, which forced Rostislav Mstislavovich to hide in Belgorod, waiting for the allies.

The government was distinguished by calmness, insignificance of civil strife and peaceful resolution of conflicts. Attempts of the Polovtsians to disturb the peace in Russia were suppressed in every possible way.

With the help of a dynastic marriage, he annexed Vitebsk to the Smolensk principality.

8. Izyaslav Davydovich (winter 1155, 05/19/1157 - December 1158, 02/12 - 03/06/1161)- the first time he became the Grand Duke, defeating the troops of Rostislav Mstislavich, but was forced to cede the throne to Yuri Dolgoruky.

The second time he took the throne after the death of Dolgoruky, but was defeated near Kiev by the Volyn and Galich princes for refusing to hand over the applicant to the Galician throne.

The third time he captured Kiev, but was defeated by the allies of Rostislav Mstislavich.

9. Mstislav Izyaslavich (12.22.1158 - spring 1159, 05.19.1167 - 03.12.1169, February - 04.13.1170)- for the first time he became a Kiev prince, expelling Izyaslav Davydovich, but ceded the great reign to Rostislav Mstislavich, as the eldest in the family.

The second time he was called to rule by the people of Kiev after the death of Rostislav Mstislavich. I could not hold on to rule against the army of Andrei Bogolyubsky.

The third time he settled in Kiev without a fight, using the love of the people of Kiev and expelling Gleb Yuryevich, who was imprisoned in Kiev by Andrey Bogolyubsky. However, abandoned by the allies, he was forced to return to Volyn.

He became famous for his victory over the Polovtsians at the head of the coalition forces in 1168.

It is considered the last great Kiev prince who had real power over Russia.

With the rise of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, Kiev more and more becomes an ordinary appanage, although it retains the name "great". Problems, most likely, need to be looked for in what and how the rulers of Russia did, in the chronological order of their inheritance of power. Decades of civil strife bore fruit - the principality weakened and lost its importance for Russia. Reign in Kiev than the main one. Often Kiev princes were appointed or changed by the Grand Duke from Vladimir.

All the supreme rulers in Russia have contributed a lot to its development. Thanks to the power of the ancient Russian princes, the country was built, territorially expanded, provided with protection to fight the enemy. Many buildings have been built, which today have become an international historical and cultural landmark. Russia was replaced by a dozen rulers. Kievan Rus finally disintegrated after the death of Prince Mstislav.
The breakup took place in 1132. Separate, independent states were formed. All territories have lost their value.

Princes of Russia in chronological order

The first princes in Russia (the table is presented below) appeared thanks to the Rurik dynasty.

Prince Rurik

Rurik ruled the Novgorodians near the Varangian Sea. Therefore, he had two names: Novgorod, Varyazhsky. After the death of his brothers, Rurik remained the only ruler in Russia. He was married to Efanda. His assistants. We looked after the farm, arranged courts.
Rurik's reign in Russia fell on the period from 862 to 879. After, he was killed by two brothers Dir and Askold, who took over the city of Kiev.

Prince Oleg (Prophetic)

Deer and Askold did not rule for long. Oleg was Efanda's brother and decided to take matters into his own hands. Oleg was famous throughout Russia for his intelligence, strength, courage, and imperiousness.He seized the city of Smolensk, Lyubech and Constantinople in his possession. Made the city of Kiev the capital of the Kiev state. Killed Askold and Dir.Igor, became Oleg's adopted son and his direct heir to the throne.Varangians, Slovaks, Krivichi, Drevlyans, Northerners, Glades, Tivertsy, Uchiha lived in his state.

In 909, Oleg met a wise man-sorcerer, who told him:
`` You will soon die from a snakebite, because you will abandon the horse. '' It so happened that the prince abandoned the horse, exchanging it for a new, younger one.
In 912, Oleg learned that his horse had died. He decided to go to the place where the remains of the horse lay.

Oleg asked:
- From this, the horse will I accept death? And after that, a poisonous snake crawled out of the horse's skull. The snake bit him, after which Oleg died. The prince's funeral lasted several days with all the honors, because he was considered the most powerful ruler.

Prince Igor

Immediately after Oleg's death, his stepson (Rurik's own son) Igor took the throne. The dates of the reign of the prince in Russia vary from 912 to 945. His main task was to preserve the unity of the state. Igor defended his state from the attack of the Pechenegs, who periodically made attempts to take over Russia. All the tribes that were in the state regularly paid tribute.
In 913, Igor married a young girl from the Pskovites, Olga. He met her by chance in the city of Pskov. During his reign, Igor suffered quite a few attacks and battles. Fighting with the Khazars, he lost all his best army. After that, he had to re-create the armed defense of the state.


And again, in 914, the new army of the prince was destroyed in the fight against the Byzantines. The war lasted a long time and as a result, the prince signed an eternal peace treaty with Constantinople. The wife helped her husband in everything. He ruled half of the state. In 942 they had a son, who was named Svyatoslav. In 945, Prince Igor was killed by the neighboring Drevlyans, who did not want to pay tribute.

Princess Saint Olga

After the death of her husband Igor, his wife Olga took the throne. Despite the fact that she was a woman, she was able to rule the entire Kievan Rus. In this not an easy matter, she was helped by her mind, quick-wittedness and masculinity. All the qualities of a ruler gathered in one woman and helped her to cope well with the rule of the state. She took revenge on the greedy Drevlyans for the death of her husband. Their city Korosten soon became part of her domain. Olga is the first Russian ruler to adopt Christianity.

Svyatoslav Igorevich

Olga waited a long time for her son to grow up. And having reached the age of majority, Svyatoslav rightfully became the ruler in Russia. The years of the prince's reign in Russia from 964 to 972. Svyatoslav already at the age of three became the direct heir to the throne. But since he was physically unable to govern Kievan Rus, he was replaced by his mother, Saint Olga. Throughout childhood and adolescence, the child learned about military affairs. He studied courage, belligerence. In 967, his army defeated the Bulgarians. After the death of his mother, in 970, Svyatoslav organized an invasion of Byzantium. But the forces were not equal. He was forced to sign a peace treaty with Byzantium. Svyatoslav had three sons: Yaropolk, Oleg, Vladimir. After Svyatoslav returned to Kiev, in March 972, the young prince was killed by the Pechenegs. From his skull, the Pechenegs forged a gilded bowl for pies.

After the death of his father, the throne was taken by one of the sons, the prince of Ancient Rus (table below) Yaropolk.

Yaropolk Svyatoslavovich

Despite the fact that Yaropolk, Oleg, Vladimir were siblings, they were never friends. Moreover, they constantly fought with each other.
All three wanted to rule Russia. But Yaropolk won the fight. He sent his siblings out of the country. During the reign, he managed to conclude a peaceful, eternal treaty with Byzantium. Yaropolk wanted to make friends with Rome. Many were not happy with the new ruler. There is a lot of permissiveness. The pagans, together with Vladimir (Yaropolk's brother), successfully seized power into their own hands. Yaropolk had no choice but to simply flee the country. He began to live in the city of Roden. But some time later, in 980, he was killed by the Varangians. Yaropolk decided to make an attempt to seize Kiev for himself, but everything ended in failure. During his short reign, Yaropolk failed to make global changes in Kievan Rus, because he was famous for his peacefulness.

Vladimir Svyatoslavovich

Prince Vladimir of Novgorod was the youngest son of Prince Svyatoslav. He ruled Kievan Rus in the period from 980 to 1015. He was militant, courageous, possessed all the necessary qualities that the ruler of Kievan Rus should have. He performed all the functions of a prince in ancient Russia.

During his reign,

  • built a defense along the Desna, Trubezh, Sturgeon, Sula rivers.
  • Many beautiful buildings were built.
  • Made Christianity the state religion.

Thanks to his great contribution to the development and prosperity of Kievan Rus he received the nickname “Vladimir the Red Sun.” He had seven sons: Svyatopolk, Izyaslav, Yaroslav, Mstislav, Svyatoslav, Boris, Gleb. He divided his lands equally among all his sons.

Svyatopolk Vladimirovich

Immediately after the death of his father in 1015, he became the ruler of Russia. Part of Russia was not enough for him. He wanted to take possession of the entire Kiev state and decided to get rid of his brothers. To begin with, on his orders, it was necessary to kill Gleb, Boris, Svyatoslav. But this did not bring him happiness. Without arousing the approval of the people, he was expelled from Kiev. For help in the war with his brothers, Svyatopolk turned to his father-in-law, who was the king of Poland. He helped his son-in-law, but the rule of Kievan Rus did not last long. In 1019 he had to flee from Kiev. In the same year, he committed suicide, as his conscience tormented him, because he killed his brothers.

Yaroslav Vladimirovich (Wise)

He ruled Kievan Rus in the period from 1019 to 1054. He was nicknamed the Wise, because he possessed an amazing mind, wisdom, courage inherited from his father. He built two large cities: Yaroslavl, Yuryev. He treated his people with care and understanding. One of the first princes who introduced into the state a set of laws called "Russian Truth." Following his father, he divided the land equally between his sons: Izyaslav, Svyatoslav, Vsevolod, Igor and Vyacheslav. From birth he fostered in them peace, wisdom, love of the people.

Izyaslav Yaroslavovich First

Immediately after the death of his father, he ascended the throne. He ruled Kievan Rus in the period from 1054 to 1078. The only princes in history who could not cope with their duties. His assistant was his son Vladimir, without whom Izyaslav would have simply ruined Kievan Rus.

Svyatopolk

The spineless prince took over the rule of Kievan Rus immediately after the death of Izyaslav's father. He ruled from 1078 to 1113.
It was difficult for him to find a common language with the ancient Russian princes (table below). During his reign, there was a campaign against the Polovtsi, in the organization of which Vladimir Monomakh helped him. They won the battle.

Vladimir Monomakh

After the death of Svyatopolk, Vladimir was elected ruler in 1113. He served the state until 1125. Smart, honest, brave, reliable, courageous. It was these qualities of Vladimir Monomakh that helped him rule Kievan Rus and fall in love with the people. He is the last of the princes of Kievan Rus (table below) who managed to preserve the state in its original form.

Attention

All wars with the Polovtsy ended in victory.

Mstislav and the collapse of Kievan Rus

Mstislav is the son of Vladimir Monomakh. He ascended the throne of the ruler in 1125. He looked like his father not only in appearance, but also in character, in the way of ruling Russia. The people treated him with respect. In 1134 he handed over the rule to his brother Yaropolk. Which served to develop the turmoil in the history of Russia. The Monomakhs lost the throne. But soon there was a complete disintegration of Kievan Rus into thirteen separate states.

The Kiev rulers did a lot for the Russian people. During their reign, everyone diligently fought with the enemies. The development of Kievan Rus as a whole proceeded. Many buildings, beautiful buildings, churches, schools, bridges, which were destroyed by enemies, were completed, and everything was rebuilt. All the princes of Kievan Rus, the table below, did a lot that made the history unforgettable.

Table. Princes of Russia in chronological order

Prince's name

Years of reign

10.

11.

12.

13.

Rurik

Oleg the Prophet

Igor

Olga

Svyatoslav

Yaropolk

Vladimir

Svyatopolk

Yaroslav the Wise

Izyaslav

Svyatopolk

Vladimir Monomakh

Mstislav

862-879 biennium

879-912 biennium

912-945 biennium

945-964 biennium

964-972 biennium

972-980 biennium

980-1015 biennium

1015-1019 biennium

1019-1054 biennium

1054-1078

1078-1113 biennium

1113-1125

1125-1134
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