Many parents, one way or another, are preoccupied with the nutritional problems of their babies: some children are always very difficult to feed, others, on the contrary, eat too much. We will talk about what in no case should you do when feeding a baby, even from the best intentions.
Snacks
Quality and quantity
As soon as the child gets acquainted with the complementary foods, many parents, not to mention grandparents, have a desire to pamper their baby with something tasty. Indeed, it is so pleasant to watch a child try a new present with interest or smack something sweet with pleasure. Sometimes adults get carried away and can feed the baby with such an amount of product that exceeds the age norm. And if at the same time the baby tries it for the first time, then a breakdown in the work of the digestive system is possible - the child may experience vomiting, abdominal pain, stool disorder and allergic reactions.
Adults often forget that there are foods that should be given with great care to young children, and some of them should not be introduced early into a child's diet at all. Nevertheless, it is often possible to see on the street or at a party how a small child is treated to such food. It can be chips, smoked meats, meat and fish delicacies, marinades, side dishes with hot sauce, salads with mayonnaise and various hot spices, exotic fruits, all kinds of "adult" sweets - cakes, pastries, chocolate, nuts, carbonated water, fanta, pepsi -cola ... All these products contain substances harmful to the baby's health, many of them are correctly called "food contaminants", they overload the digestive system, can cause and toxic effect on immature organs.
The formation of the liver, pancreas and other organs in the baby is not yet complete, they need to be spared, therefore, at an early and preschool age, it is necessary to feed the child with products intended for.
Sweets occupy a special place among harmful products when they are excessively consumed. Of course, a certain amount of sugars is necessary for the development of a child, and it is fully provided with fruits, compotes and a moderate amount of children's sweets (baby cookies, fruit marmalade, jam, marshmallow). However, adults often cannot resist the temptation and feed the baby with sweets, cookies, cakes, buns with sweet drinks, etc. Thus, they themselves form in their child the wrong taste habits and addiction to sweets, And an excess of sugar leads to quite harmful consequences, such as increased load on the pancreas, allergies, obesity, caries, and weakening. An excess of refined products limits the intake of other nutrients, as a result, the child does not receive enough vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber.
Therefore, one must not forget that there are rules for the introduction of complementary foods, age norms for products, as well as lists of products that can and cannot be consumed at an early age.
Another spoon
Each mother tries very hard, preparing food for her child, and, as it is a shame when the baby does not want to finish his portion or even refuses to eat. Out of the best intentions, thinking that the child needs to eat all this, the mother begins to persuade him, then force him, and then force feed him. All this will cause a negative reaction in the baby, vomiting may occur, and, of course, the mood of both will be ruined. Ultimately, this food will be difficult to digest.
If a child refuses to eat, you need to try to understand the reasons for his refusal, which can be very diverse. He may not like the proposed dish, he may not like some kind of product, or he may not want this product right now. In these cases, you should not force the child to eat unloved food or what he does not want at the moment - his needs should be respected.
Often mothers whose children eat poorly offer several dishes to choose from: if you don't want this, here's something else. Not? Then the third ... And this leads to the fact that the child becomes very capricious and often it is still impossible to please him. Therefore, it is better to offer the child one or a maximum of two dishes. Other meals can only be offered at the next meal.
If the baby is very interested in something, then you should not abruptly tear him away from the lesson, you can wait a little; if the lesson is delayed, then try to gently switch his attention to the need to "refresh". Children can eat poorly during illness, when they are offended, upset, and sometimes there are simply periods when they do not feel like eating. Often, the child's body itself regulates the necessary food intake, and force feeding will disrupt his condition. In addition, the baby will remember these situations very well, and for the rest of his life he may have a negative attitude towards the food that he was forced to eat in childhood.
The situation is more difficult when the child regularly refuses to eat. But even in such cases, force-feeding will not lead to favorable results.
Then it is necessary to qualitatively revise the child's diet, select the necessary and favorite foods, develop a certain stereotype of feeding, so that the child has his own place, a favorite spoon, cup, plate, so that he himself can participate in cooking. During feeding, you can tell the baby about what foods he eats, how tasty and healthy everything is, you need to feed mom, dad, favorite toy, etc. But to entertain the child with "TV" or arrange home masquerade shows while eating is not very good, as he is distracted by such fun and he develops the wrong attitude to feeding.
Violation of feeding rules includes non-observance of hygiene measures. Babies who do not have their own tableware, who are not taught to wash their hands before eating and eat carefully, do not form a concept of hygiene. Subsequently, this is fraught with the development of infectious diseases.
In an adult, a huge variety of microbes live in the oral cavity, some of them are harmful to the child, so you do not need to feed the child with the same spoon that you just ate with. The baby has its own microflora composition, and there is no need to introduce unfavorable microorganisms into it.
Food culture
It is wrong to allow pampering at the table, to eat inaccurately, to allow eating with your hands, when the child can already use cutlery, throw food or pour it on the table. It is necessary to teach the child to the rules of behavior at the table: to teach how to use a spoon, fork, knife, napkin, etc. The child should have a certain place for eating - his own small table or a place at a common table and a special chair on which the baby can sit on his own. Do not try to feed your baby while playing.
It is very important to understand that from a very early age, the correct eating behavior and habits are formed in a child. In order to avoid various problems with the health and behavior of the child, it is desirable that the parents feed the baby correctly from birth, and not only the education of the child, but also the correct example from the adults will play an important role in this.
Marina Narogan,
Pediatrician of the State Scientific Center of Health
children of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Cand. honey. sciences
Article provided by the magazine "Mama and Baby" N 03 2007
Discussion
It should be so. I somehow intuitively understood this from the very beginning: there were no problems with appetite, regime, behavior at the table and there are no problems. I look at other mothers, how they suffer with their children, they try to "feed", and not "give food" - I feel sorry for them and the children. And then it is very difficult to break the wrong habits in children. In my opinion, the most problems arise precisely with grandmothers, they have our child is always cold and hungry.
dear ladies, all of you here are so well-read and advanced in terms of upbringing and caring for a child, but I am not at all experienced in this matter, my child is eating, from the table he will grab it and eat it and it will not necessarily be edible, my hands are once a week , we smear the porridge on the table, pour tea on the floor, which is why such wonderful funny ants settled in our place, then we all actually have snacks, so today only 1.5 tbsp was eaten. spoons of porridge and 3 tbsp. tea and a pound of cookies, I think such anarchy will lead many here to a state of shock, grandmothers are far away, the husband is even further away, living conditions are like in the era of brontosaurs, there is no time to brush your teeth, not to read to look through, in short, the article is necessary and for people like me it is briefly clearly understandable and tomorrow where will I start my day so I will wash the hardened little hands of my daughter and she is only 1.3 years old
hello everyone zarina
Great article,
so what if we are all well-read on the site,
the article will be read in the magazine.
I know quite a few cases of "still a spoon" - and then a mother with a spoon runs after the child herself, while the child plays and tries to shove the spoon. :(
All of the above is true. And it may seem corny to one and interesting to another. My friend did just that - she gave me several dishes to choose from. And when I told her that you can't give more than 2x to choose from, I tried it - it helped.
True, I know all this, and I would not refuse an article with simple, useful and tasty menu examples. And also I wonder if there are any average norms - how many and how many are few.
I think this article is more likely for a 1-3 conference.
Yeah, and it's a pity that they didn't write about feeding babies after 4 hours and a break at 6 hours. Evaluation of the article: trite, uninteresting, with distortions and excesses.
05/01/2007 12:05:51, MiriInstructions
From birth to six months, only breastfeeding is desirable. Mother's milk is 90% water, which satisfies the baby's need for fluid. You need to feed 10 to 12 times a day. By 3 most, 6 to 8 feedings are enough. A six-month-old baby breastfeeds 4-5 times during the day and 1-2 times at night. Sometimes the baby does not have enough breast milk, then supplementation is introduced in the form of milk. If the situation is not critical (when milk disappears abruptly), then the mixture is injected starting with 10 ml, and 10-20 ml is added every day, carefully monitoring the body's reaction. It is better to postpone complementary feeding for up to 6 months.
The next six months. Undoubtedly, breast milk is the ideal food for a baby. But the growing body of the child needs nutrients, which are no longer enough in the mother's milk. Introduce complementary foods into the diet: mashed boiled or baked vegetables and fruits, cereals, meat. The best complementary food for the first time is vegetable puree, then you can try porridge, and by the ninth month add meat. The stores now have a large selection of baby food. Introduce new foods into the diet of the crumbs gradually and better during the morning feeding. The sample rate is not more than 10 g. Carefully observe the child's reaction, the condition of his skin and stools. If complementary foods are not well tolerated, it is better to replace them or wait a month or two and try again. It is better not to add salt and sugar until a year.
Consider what foods are acceptable for the period from 1 to 3 years. Leading positions in milk and dairy products: adapted milk mixture, kefir, fermented baked milk, cottage cheese, sour cream, cottage cheese, a small amount of cheese. Remember, it's best not to give whole cow's milk. The diet includes meat of various varieties, except pork, about 100 g per day. Low-fat varieties of fish, only 20-30 g. Do not give your child sausages. Half a boiled egg or 1 egg in the form of an omelet. In the menu, you can include a small amount of vegetable oil, and then butter. Buckwheat, pearl barley, barley groats, as well as pasta (but 1-2 times a week) are very useful. Babies can be given rye and wheat bread, dryers, crackers. And, of course, the source of vitamins is fruits and vegetables. But the use of sweets and chocolate is better to postpone, at least until the onset of three years.
From 3 to 6 years old. This is an extremely active time in a child's life. He spends a lot of energy and restores it with food. The diet should be dominated by carbohydrates. The daily menu should include: milk, meat, vegetables, fruits, butter, sugar. Eggs, fish, cheese, cottage cheese once a week. It is better to feed your baby at a certain time and 3-4 times a day. This is necessary for the complete assimilation of food. The peculiarities of cooking and culinary processing of dishes are reduced to the fact that it is necessary to avoid spicy seasonings and fried foods. Do not include convenience foods, chips, and soda in your child's diet.
Kids don't know what to clean up after themselves. When they get dirty, they are primarily interested and fun. They are not at the royal reception, but at the table at home.
Rarely is it written in any book that you can not spoon-feed your baby, but let him eat the way he likes.
Yes, sometimes it seems that it is faster and tidier to feed him herself, while depriving the baby of the opportunity to study
new food for him. Imagine being blindfolded and given an unfamiliar product. Most people feel uncomfortable and anxious to eat with their eyes closed, because we “taste” food not only with our taste buds, but also with our eyes, hands and nose. No wonder that experienced mothers say - and this is confirmed by research - that a baby must "taste" food fifteen times before he gets used to it. “Try” means that the baby will look at the new food, touch it, remember it in his hands, lick it and spit it out, smell it, pass it on with his gums or chew it with his teeth, and eventually swallow it. If the baby just sees an apple or a piece of meat, it does not mean anything to him, because he is not familiar with these products. “Remove the bandage from his eyes,” that is, let him “taste” food on his own, including with his hands. In the same way that you are calmer to see what you are eating, it is better for him to touch the food with his hands before putting it into his mouth.
It is believed that the modern epidemic of obesity and eating disorders is partly due to a rigid approach to feeding children, when parents dictate when, how and how much a child should eat, they unwittingly create unnecessary conflict out of the blue. Contrary to their parents, children refuse to eat, sometimes to the detriment of their health. Research shows that any parental control that forces them to eat, or restricts or interferes with their baby's food intake, leads to poor weight gain in 2-year-olds. Unsurprisingly, bottle-fed babies control the nutrition of older babies more than breastfeeding ones.
The food is pleasant in itself. When we are hungry, our stomach sucks, we get irritated. We eat and it becomes
well, we are filled with a sense of peace and relaxation. When a baby eats, not because he is hungry, but because he is forced, all the pleasure of eating is lost. They prevent him from understanding what is pleasant to eat. It is impossible to enjoy something forcibly, at someone else's behest.
An interesting research has been done. The children were offered a little more food than they needed. Most three-year-olds usually left some food on their plate, and most five-year-olds ate too much. Scientists have concluded that children have forgotten how to follow their inner feelings for the sake of external pressure - the requirement to eat up everything on the plate.
By breastfeeding your baby for six months, you have already laid a solid foundation for healthy eating habits. Continue to nurture your child's independence by creating an environment for learning about the taste, quality, and joy of food. It's okay that this is a bit of a sticky, wet and messy process.
Proper feeding of a newborn in the first days of life is just as important an element of growth and development as mother's care, caring for a baby. Breastfeeding is ideal. If, for various reasons, it is not possible to breastfeed, high-quality milk formulas for newborns will help out.
It is important for a young mom to know how to organize the meals of a tiny person. Study the material: you will find answers to many questions related to the organization of meals for the smallest children. The most important thing is to provide maximum comfort for mom and baby.
How to feed newborns correctly
At the maternity hospital, staff will talk about the benefits of early breastfeeding, provide conditions for close contact between mother and baby immediately after birth. Now the kids are in the same ward with their mother, which allows them to feed the baby “on demand”.
If you do not have enough milk, do not despair, try to establish natural feeding. Drink plenty of fluids, try to calm down, and breastfeed your baby more often. Even the smallest amount of milk will be beneficial. Feed the newborn with formula, control behavior, weight, stool quality. If there is no milk, switch to artificial formulas.
Breast-feeding
The benefits of early breastfeeding have been proven by neonatologists and pediatricians, confirmed by satisfied mothers and well-fed, peacefully snoring babies. Close emotional contact is one of the benefits of breastfeeding.
Breast milk benefits:
- crumbs (the child receives completely digestible food, develops well, is less likely to get sick);
- mothers (the uterus contracts more actively under the influence of the sucking movements of the crumbs, the body is more likely to recover after childbirth).
First stage
In the first hours after childbirth, the mammary glands produce a valuable product - colostrum. The volume of the nutrient is small, but the rich composition, high fat content satisfy the crumbs' need for food. An important detail - colostrum saturates a small organism with biologically active substances, strengthens the immune system.
Most maternity hospitals practice early breastfeeding. An exciting moment for mom and baby, who finds herself in an unfamiliar world. The warmth of the breast, the smell of milk soothes the newborn, allows you to feel protection. The more colostrum a child can get, the better for his immune system.
Homecoming
Many young mothers get lost, panic when they find themselves with a newborn at home. There is a caring dad nearby, a familiar environment, but there is still excitement. If the woman listened to the recommendations of the maternity hospital staff, the difficulties with breastfeeding will be less.
Features of feeding newborns with breast milk:
- the diet in the first week takes into account the interests of the newborn. The mother will have to adapt to the needs of the baby;
- it is useful to observe when the baby is really hungry, to note the interval between feedings that the baby can withstand. The best option is 3 hours, but in the first week babies often cry for milk after 1.5–2 hours;
- pediatricians advise: feed the baby "on demand" when he greedily searches for the breast with his mouth. Gradually, the child will get stronger, he will be able to drink more valuable liquid at one time, he will stay full longer. Active breastfeeding will increase lactation, the baby's nutritional needs and the mother's capabilities will gradually coincide;
- in a couple of weeks, accustom the baby to the diet. If in the first days you fed your baby every one and a half to two hours during the day and after 3-4 hours at night, gradually switch to feeding seven times a day. The regimen improves the functioning of the tiny intestines, gives rest to the mother.
Suitable poses
Find a specific position that suits you as much as possible. Remember: each feeding in the first weeks of a newborn's life lasts a long time.
Keep in mind that you will hardly be able to sit for half an hour or more beautifully, bending over a baby (as nursing mothers pose for photos in magazines), especially after a difficult birth. If the mother is uncomfortable or hard to hold the baby, she is unlikely to have pleasant thoughts, tender feelings.
Try several poses, choose the optimal one, taking into account the condition of the chest, weight, age of the baby. As the baby grows, an uncomfortable position may become suitable and vice versa.
Basic postures for feeding newborns:
- supine position. The baby rests on mommy with arms, legs, head. The shoulders of the woman, the head is raised with the help of a pillow. The pose is suitable for copious milk flow;
- lying on its side. This convenient option is chosen by many moms, especially for evening and night feedings. Be sure to alternately lie on each side to empty both breasts;
- classic sitting position for feeding. Mom holds the baby in her arms. The pillows under the back, on the knees and under the elbow will help to reduce hand fatigue, "reduce" the baby's weight;
- overhanging pose. Recommended for poor milk flow. The newborn lies on its back, mom feeds him from above, bending over the baby. Not very back-friendly, but effective for emptying the chest;
- posture after cesarean section, when nursing twins. The woman sits, the baby lies so that the legs are behind the mother's back, the head looks out from under the mother's hand. This pose relieves the manifestations of lactostasis - stagnation of breast milk, accompanied by soreness, pronounced compaction of the lobules of the mammary gland.
Milk formulas for babies
Artificial feeding is a necessary measure, but in the absence of breast milk, you will have to adapt. Organize the nutrition of the newborn correctly, listen to the recommendations of pediatricians.
Features of feeding newborns with formula:
- Unlike breastfeeding, when the baby eats and falls asleep, the formula has a certain dosage. It is important to know how much breast milk substitute to give the "artificial" per day;
- from the first days feed the baby 7 times, an interval of 3 hours. Later, you can switch to six meals a day with an interval of 3.5 hours;
- select a high-quality mixture that ensures satiety, a maximum of useful substances. Unfortunately, it will not be possible to feed the crumbs on demand: the mixture should not be given "whenever you want", it is important to maintain a certain interval;
- occasionally it is allowed to shift the time of the next intake of a useful mixture, but not by much. Violation of the rules causes problems with the stomach / intestines in the baby;
- choose infant formula for newborns from well-known manufacturers, without palm oil, sugar, maltodextrin. As a last resort, the components that support the feeling of fullness should be minimal;
- if there is little breast milk, you have to constantly feed the baby. Offer breast first, then spoon baby food. Avoid a bottle: it is easier to get milk from the nipple, after a while the baby will probably give up breast;
- be sure to give the newborn - "artificial" boiled water. The volume of fluid depends on age;
- artificial feeding will help to produce healthy twins or triplets. Mom does not have enough milk for two / three children, she has to give a nutritional formula. As babies grow, breast milk is replaced with formula milk.
How much should a child eat
How much should a newborn eat in one feeding? When breastfeeding, the baby himself senses when the ventricle is full. The baby stops sucking on the breast, falls asleep calmly.
To feed the "artificial" mother must pour a certain amount of the mixture into the bottle so that the newborn does not go hungry. Pediatricians have developed a formula for calculating the amount of baby food for each day.
The calculations are simple:
- a newborn weighs less than 3200 grams. Multiply the number of days lived by 70. For example, on the third day the baby should receive 3 x 70 = 210 g of milk mixture;
- the newborn weighs over 3200 grams. The calculation is similar, only multiply the number of days by 80. For example, on the third day a large child should receive a large portion - 3 x 80 = 240 g of baby food.
Note! Calculations are suitable for the smallest. From the 10th day of life, the norms are different. You will find a detailed calculation of the amount of formula for feeding "artificial" children in the article, which describes the selection rules, especially the use of popular infant formula from 0 to 6 months.
Power table by hour
It is easier for young mothers to navigate if they have a clear idea of the baby's diet. During the first month, the newborn will sleep most of the time (up to 18 hours a day), the rest of the day will be awake.
Remember: when the baby is awake, half the time he sucks on his mother's breast or receives infant formula instead of breast milk. Pay attention to the newborn feeding chart. It lists feeding hours for babies of normal weight.
- if the newborn spits up after feeding, a simple technique will help: rub the fed baby with a column for 10-15 minutes;
- the newborn's neck is still very weak, how to act so as not to damage the bones, not to stretch the muscles? Put the head on your shoulder, hold the baby vertically, gently press it to you, supporting it behind the back and butt. This position will ensure the release of excess air, reduce the frequency and volume of regurgitation;
- after eating, you can not bother the crumbs, it is undesirable to put them in the crib. Active games, tickling, braking are prohibited. Change the clothes of the newborn also after 10-15 minutes, when the air leaves the ventricle;
- If the newborn hiccups after feeding, it may be overeating or cold. Stroke your tummy, warm the baby, let the excess air go out (hold it with a column). If the volume and pressure of breast milk is too high, feed the baby intermittently so that the previous portion has time to enter the tiny stomach.
How to maintain the emotional and physical health of a nursing mom
Helpful hints:
- upon returning home after the hospital, a woman should also get at least a little sleep, devote time to other family members and herself, otherwise psychological problems, a crisis in relations with her husband cannot be avoided;
- constant fatigue builds up, mom gets annoyed for any reason, gets nervous. The result is a decrease in milk production, an eternally hungry, crying baby, more nerves and new worries. The circle is closed. That is why it is important to take care not only of the baby, but also to maintain the health, psychological balance of a woman who has undergone natural childbirth or a cesarean section;
- the realization that with the birth of a baby a successful business woman has turned into a "milk-making machine" depresses many young mothers. The closest people should help here. Praise, pride in the person who gave a son (daughter) / grandson (granddaughter) must be expressed in warm words. A woman feels much more confident if she feels supported;
- an important point is help in caring for the baby. It is good if the husband, grandmothers and a young mother share the chores around the house. A woman needs to rest, often feed her newborn, and recuperate. In the first two to three weeks, the lack of real help negatively affects the physical and psychological state of the nursing mother;
- unfortunately, it often happens that the husband stays late at work (not to mention how difficult it is to "knock out" a vacation after the birth of a baby), and grandmothers, due to various circumstances, cannot help with household chores. It is important to preserve breast milk, not to fall off your feet from fatigue;
- what to do? We'll have to ask for help from good friends, relatives, neighbors. Surely, someone will agree to help you: go for groceries, buy diapers, or wipe the dust at home. Attract people you trust, do not refuse help. Even half an hour of rest for a young mother will be useful;
- cook simple meals, buy a multicooker that minimizes the labor costs of cooking. The device does not require constant monitoring, which is important in case of fatigue, frequent feedings, in a state where mommy thinks only about the baby and sleep.
Now you know how to start breastfeeding, how to give special formula. Pay maximum attention to the baby, remember your health and the existence of the rest of the family. The correct diet will ensure maximum comfort for the baby and adults.
More helpful breastfeeding tips in the following video:
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