In modern medicine, quite a lot of attention is paid to drugs that help people in the age of fighting with gradual degradation of the motor system of the body (tremor, muscular rigidity, hypocinezia, failure to keep balance) and chronic neurological manifestations.
As a drug, which contributes to the treatment and maintenance of the body, with such disorders use the left-tree.
In nature, its main component can be found in plant and animal organisms.
This preparation includes levodopa (international name Levodopa). In addition, depending on the manufacturer or with which the main element is combined, such active can be included in the medication. substances:
- BENSERZIDE, INTERNATIONAL NAME BENSERAZIDE;
- Carbidopa (carbidopa);
- Entacapon (entacapone);
- Pergolid (pergolide);
- Ropinirol (Ropiniroole);
- Baclofen (Baclofen);
- Salbutamol (Salbutamol);
- Biperiden (Biperiden);
- TrihexiPhenidyl (Trihexyphenidyl);
- Levothyroxine Sodium (Levothyroxine Sodium);
- Spiramycin;
- Flpentixol;
- Zuclopentixol (Zuclopenthixol);
- SELEGILIN (Selegiline).
Looks medicine as white crystalline powder. To note - the leaflet does not dissolve in alcohol and is poorly dissolved in water.
This is a substance Used by nerve cells For the production and restoration of the balance of dopamine in the blood.
This element practically does not penetrate the brain and therefore it is connected to carbide, to enhance the effect and penetrability of the substance from the blood bodies into the human brain.
Among the producers of Legodlpa such countries and restrictions as: Dopaflex (DopaFlex) EGIS, Hungarian Republic; Caldopa (Caldopa) Cadila, India; Levodopa (Levodopa) Dabur, India, Remedica (Cyprus), Teva Pharmaceutical Industries (Israel), Teva Pharmaceutical Works Private (Hungary), F.Hoffmann-La Roche (Switzerland), Roche (Italy),
Among the manufacturers of similar drugs, you can also designate the following manufacturers. combined drugs:
- LEK D.D. (Slovenia);
- Sandoz (Switzerland);
- Torrent Pharmaceuticals (India);
- ORION CORPORATION ORION PHARMA (Finland).
Do you have an inexplicable feeling of anxiety and fear that develops into panic? These are symptoms and treatment of the disease.
In which cases is atrophy of the cerebral cortex and are there a process to prevent?
Pharmacological medication
Preparations containing levodop contribute to the removal of the symptoms of the disease. That is, it helps to eliminate its consequences, such as salivation, tremor, problems with motor activity and others.
Most often, the disease progresses when dofamine, which is formed from the levodop substance, does not reach the brain cells and, in this case, there are health problems.
Pharmacokinetics medication
This group of drugs quickly extends to the body through the digestive system. True digested in the body only 20-30% of the substance from the adopted dose.
In addition, it must be remembered that non-digestible food slows down the absorption process.
When receiving tablets for one or two hours, this substance dissolves in the body and only 3% enters into the human brain. In addition, during this period the drug settles in the body.
It is removed hard. For example, 75% is excreted in kidneys in 8 hours of time, and through the intestine - only 7 hours - only 35% of the medication is displayed.
Indications for use
Instructions for use indicates that levodopa is designed for people of the older generation in which such symptoms are manifested as tremor, muscle rigidity and others.
Legodopa is used With:
Contraindications
Among the problems of use and possible complications can be designated Next:
- atherosclerosis;
- hypertension with increased arterial pressure;
- endocrine;
- renal failure;
- liver diseases;
- cardiovascular diseases;
- problems with light and respiratory tract;
- narrow-edged glaucoma;
- blood diseases;
- melanoma;
- allergic manifestations in the body for the drug.
It is rather careful necessary to take this kind of advocates to people suffering from the following diseases or in a certain condition:
- bronchial asthma;
- stomach ulcer;
- psychosis;
- psychoneurosis;
- emphysema;
- transferred myocardial infarction;
- wide Agricultural Glaucoma;
- reception of antidepressants;
- women of childbearing age, living sex life without contraceptive means;
- pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding period;
- children and young people up to 25 years.
Mechanism of action
In its parameters, the levodop - the drug appointed with the reduced dopamine content in the brain.
Only a small amount of active substance (about 3%) fall into the brain, so the effect of the drug is growing gradually.
The positive results of the drug can be noticed in a week or two, and the maximum effect to achieve for 25-30 days.
Instructions for use
Instructions for use to the drug levodopa indicate that this type of drugs must be taken 30 minutes before meals or 1 hour after.
Basically, at the first time, the medication is a quarter of a tablet, that is, 25 mg, which take 2-3 times a day. Further, the dose is increased to 50 mg, and so every 2-3 days the dose increases by a quarter of a pill.
The maximum daily dose, with the use of levodopy-containing drugs, consists of six 250 mg of tablets (in combination of 1.5 g of levodopes and 150 mg carbidopes - maximum).
Forms of release
We produce a drug in the form of tablets in bottles. Tablets can be 125 or 250 mg. In a bottle of 100 pcs. Tablets, but in addition, bottles of 20, 30, 50, 60 and 250 tablets are also produced.
In addition, this drug and its analogues can be produced in capsules - tablets covered with a shell. The shell consists of: hypimonlolalo, sucrose, titanium dioxide, iron oxide of yellow and red, magnesium stearate, polysorbate and glycerin.
Dosages and methods for using the drug
It is necessary to gradually increase the dosage, but necessarily - after a positive consultation with a doctor.
If the patient first takes this drug, then it can be prescribed a combination of levodop (50 mg) and benserazide (12.5 mg).
Time of reception medication: 2-4 times a day. In case the drug approached, a dose increases. In addition, in case of passage of the full course of treatment, it is necessary to inspect the doctor once a month.
Reception mode and drug dosage may differ from the above described. For example, with serious disorders, such as motor fluctuations, the patient can take 4 times a day, but do not increase the dose, but to leave the one that is already prescribed by the doctor.
If the patient has problems with liver or kidneys, then the dose correction will not be required. In the case of the occurrence of spontaneous movements or strange manifestations of the cardiovascular system, it is necessary to insist on a reduction in the dose.
Overdose and additional instructions
In the event of an overdose, the patient is disturbed by heart rhythm, a motor involuntary reaction appears, and the like. And, unfortunately, treatment is only symptomatic, since drugs introduced at the same time are not very effective.
The patient needs a stationary stay in the hospital and a constant verification of the cardiovascular system, since if necessary, he will need urgent therapy.
What happens when overdose
With stronger poisoning, besides above the above symptoms, nausea can be manifested, vomiting, confusion in consciousness and insomnia. It often passes a sufficiently large amount of time (since the drug is long absorbed by cells of the body) until symptoms manifest.
With all this, treatment remains symptomatic.
Side effect
Side effects are quite serious and affect practically the entire body to one degree or another. Among risk groups such organs and human systems organism:
- Blood-formation system. There may be such consequences as anemia, transient leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.
- Nervous System - Headache, Dizziness, Clear and Other Motion Disorders
- Psyche disorders; Very rarely hallucinations, temporary disorientation.
- Cardiovascular system - arrhythmia, hypotension, an increase in blood pressure.
- Digestive system. Manifestations in the form of nausea, vomiting and even diarrhea. Sometimes there was a loss or change of taste sensations, dry oral mucosa, as well as gastrointestinal bleeding.
- Leather and subcutaneous fabrics - itching or rash.
According to the results of laboratory indicators, the increase in the activity of "liver" cells that leads to serious consequences.
In addition, febrile fever may occur and high sweating.
special instructions
Acceptance of this medicine must be careful, since the inhibited psychomotor reaction is manifested. At the same time, a sharp change of drugs or a complete refusal of it can lead to new more efficient treatment options.
In the case of the present realities, the patient may need long therapy.
During the period of therapy, it is necessary to relatively often carry out blood tests, check the liver and kidney functions.
Preparation and alcohol 
In this particular case, alcohol only slows down the process of treatment and absorption of the drug in the blood.
If the functions of the kidneys and liver are broken
In disruption of the liver and kidney function, respectively, the instructions of the drug in easy and moderately need to continue to take the drug without changes in doses. But with severe disturbances of these functions, the reception of this drug is prohibited.
Interaction with other drugs
It is enough dangerous to interact the drug with antidepressants. At the same time, the likelihood of manifestation of the following symptoms is the likelihood of the following symptoms: increasing blood pressure, tachycardia, redness of the face and dizziness.
In addition, the following are combination:
- With antihypertensive preparations;
- With anesthetics. Parallel use of anesthetics can cause arrhythmia;
- With anticholinergic agents - help to remove tremor;
- With other medicines, as directed by the doctor.
During pregnancy and lactation
This drug is contraindicated in both women of childbearing age and pregnant women, young mothers. Detected vices in the development of internal organs and skeleton in the experiment on animals.
Photo of drug
Latin name: LEVODOPA / BENSERAZIDE-TEVA
ATX code: n04ba
Active substance: Levodopa + BENSERAZIDE (LEVODOPA + BENSERAZIDE)
Manufacturer: Pharmaceutical plant TEVA PRIVET CO. LTD., Hungary
Description Actual on: 14.12.17
Benserazid levodopa - anti-parkinsonic drug.
Active substance
Levodopa + BENSERAZIDE (LEVODOPA + BENSERAZIDE).
Release form and composition
It is implemented in the form of tablets. Available in polyethylene bottles (20, 30, 50, 60 or 100 tables.), Placed in cardboard packs 1 pcs.
Indications for use
Parkinson's disease.
Contraindications
- pronounced functional disorders of the liver and / or kidney;
- exogenous and endogenous psychosis;
- severe functional violation of the endocrine system;
- glaucoma;
- high risk of pregnancy in women;
- pronounced functional violation of the cardiovascular system;
- pregnancy and breastfeeding period;
- joint reception with non-selective Mao inhibitors;
- age patient up to 25 years;
- hypersensitivity to benserazide, levodopa or other components.
Instructions for the use of levodopa benerazide (method and dosage)
Designed for oral administration. Tablets should be drunk half an hour before or an hour after eating, drinking with a small amount of fluid.
Treatment should be started with a minimum dose, gradually increasing to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. It is not recommended to take large doses.
Patients who have not previously taken LS are prescribed by 50 mg of levodopa / 12.5 mg of benserazide 2-4 times a day. If the patient reacts normally to the therapy, it is possible to increase the dosage of the drug to 100 mg of levodopa / 25 mg of benserazide, which are accepted every three days before achieving the desired effect.
The maximum allowable dosage per day is 800 mg for levodopa and 200 mg for benserazide.
In the event of the development of a side reaction, it is necessary to reduce the dosage of the drug or to cancel this drug at all.
Patients who have previously taken levodopu, start receiving this drug after 12 hours after stopping the reception of Levodopa. The dosage should be approximately 20% of the previously received dose of levodopa.
Sick Parkinson's disease, previously accepted levodopa in a complex with an inhibitor of decarboxylase aromatic L-amino acids, start receiving 12 hours after the cessation of previous therapy. To prevent reduction in the effectiveness of treatment, discontinue treatment is necessary at night, and start receiving the next morning.
Dosing modes in special cases
Patients experiencing strong motor fluctuations, take the drug more than 4 times a day with the daily dosage.
People of old age should increase the dosage very slowly.
Patients with renal and liver failure of easy and moderately not required dose adjustment.
In the event of spontaneous movements (athettos or ferret) or the emergence of a negative reaction from the cardiovascular system, it is recommended to reduce the daily dosage.
Side effects
The use of the drug may cause the following side effects:
- Central nervous system: often - the episodes of "frozen", headache, the "switch-on-shutdown" phenomenon, dizziness, attenuation of the effect by the end of the dose time, cramps, strengthening the symptoms of the "Restless legs" syndrome, spontaneous motor disorders (such attosis and chorei) ; Sometimes - episodes of sudden drowsiness, expressed drowsiness.
- Cardiovascular system: sometimes - an increase in blood pressure, orthostatic hypotension (weakens after a reduction in the dose of the drug), arrhythmias; The frequency is unknown - "tides".
- Blood formation system: sometimes thrombocytopenia, transient leukopenia, hemolytic anemia.
- Digestive system: Sometimes - nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, dry oral mucosa, individual cases of change or loss of taste sensations; The frequency is unknown - bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Subcutaneous fabrics and leather: rarely - skin rashes, itching.
- Psyche violations: rarely - insomnia, assessment, elevated libido, anorexium, anorexia, depressed mood, hypersexuality, nonsense, pathological tendency to gambling entertainment, moderate delight, depression, aggression; Sometimes - temporary disorientation, hallucinations.
- Laboratory indicators: Infrequently - increasing the concentration of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and urea in the blood, transient increase in liver enzyme activity, change in urine color to red (may be dark at standing).
- Other: The frequency is unknown - excessive sweating, febrile fever.
Overdose
Symptoms of levodopa benserazid levodopa:
- pathological involuntary movements;
- insomnia;
- arrhythmia;
- nausea and vomiting;
- confusion of consciousness.
The development of signs of overdose may be delayed as a result of slow-intestinal absorption of the drug from the gastrointestinal tract.
As treatment, symptomatic therapy is used, which consists in taking neuroleptics, antiarrhythmic drugs and respiratory anagettics.
Analogs
Analogs in the ATX code: Levodopa + BENSERAZID, MADOPAR.
Do not make a decision on replacing the drug yourself, consult your doctor.
pharmachologic effect
Leveodopa BENSERAZID - a combined drug that has anti -archinsonic effects. It contains predecessor of dopamine and peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor aromatic L-amino acids.
In case of Parkinson's disease, dopamine is synthesized in insufficient quantities and this drug is used as substitution therapy. The main part of the levodopa is transformed into dopamine in peripheral tissues, which does not have anti -archinsonic effect. To increase the effect of this substance, the drug is supplemented with benserazid.
special instructions
- Unwanted manifestations from the organs of the gastrointestinal tract (arise at the initial stage of therapy), they are largely eliminated at a slower increase in the dose, as well as if the pills are formed with a small amount of fluid or take during meals. It is not desirable to use the drug for the treatment of Horgetton's Khoretone and the non-hydrogen extrapyramine syndrome.
- People who have a history of osteomalysis information, gastrointestinal and cramps and seizures are required to regularly analyze the corresponding indicators. During therapy, it is necessary to control the functional indicators of the kidneys, liver, blood formula. Patients with a history of heart rhythm disorders, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, electrocardiogram control should be regularly undergoing.
- Patients having an orthostatic hypotension in history should be under a thorough supervision of a specialist, especially at the beginning of treatment.
- Patients with diabetes mellitus must often adjust the dose of oral hypoglycemic agents and control blood glucose levels. When using drugs received information on cases of sudden sleep offensive. This should be informed by patients.
- When using the drug, the risk of a malignant melanoma is increasing. In this regard, the reception of pills in people with this disease (including a history of history) is not desirable. The use of this drug, especially in high doses, increases the likelihood of the development of compulsive disorders.
- The drug is prohibited to cancel sharply. This can provoke the "abolition syndrome" (muscle rigidity, an increase in body temperature, as well as possible increase in the activity of creatinine phosphocinase in the blood and mental changes) or akinetic crisis, which is capable of making a threatening form. With the appearance of such signs, the patient must be under the careful observation of a specialist (if necessary, hospitalization is carried out) and receive appropriate treatment. Sometimes it is advisable to reuse LS.
- Before the general anesthesia, the intake of the medical preparation must be made as long as possible. The exception is the halotan anesthesia. Since the patient who received the LANs, arrhythmias and hesitation of blood can develop during the galotan anesthesia, the reception of the drug should be discontinued for 12-24 hours before surgery. After the operation, the therapy resumes, gradually increasing the dose.
- In some people with Parkinson's disease, the development of cognitive and behavioral disorders was noted due to the uncontrolled use of the increasing doses of the medical preparation (despite a significant increase in therapeutic doses and the recommendations of the doctor).
- Against the background of therapy, depression may arise. It can also be a clinical symptom of the underlying disease (Parkinsonism). Such people should be under the supervision of a physician for the timely detection of mental unwanted reactions.
- The experience of using the drug under the age of 25 is limited.
- Patients who experience sudden sleep episodes or excessive day sleepiness is required to refuse to manage vehicles or work with complex technique. If these features occur during therapy, it is advisable to consider the possibility of canceling the treatment or reduction of the dose.
During pregnancy and breastfeeding
Contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
In childhood
Not appointed persons under 25 years old.
In old age
With extreme caution, it is assigned to people of old age. A slow dosage increase is required.
With violations of the kidney function
It is not prescribed to patients with renal failure of severe degree.
When violations of the liver function
Contraindicated with severe violation of liver functions.
Medicinal interaction
- Trighexiphenidyl and methoclopramide reduce the absorption rate of Levodopa, and antacids reduce the degree of asborption.
- Neuroleptics, opiodes and hypotensive preparations containing reserpine contribute to the suppression of the drug. Pyridoxine reduces the anti-marketing effect of the drug.
- Contraindicated to combine the drug with non-selective Mao inhibitors.
- The combined use of the drug with hypotensive means may lead to the development of orthostatic hypotension.
- Permissible combination of levodopa / benserazide with other anti-parkinsonic drugs.
- High-facility food reduces the therapeutic effect of the drug.
- It can influence the results of creatinine laboratory tests, bilirubin, alkaline phase, uric acid and catecholamines.
Conditions of vacation from pharmacies
Recommended by prescription.
Terms and Storage Terms
Store at a temperature of no more than 25 ° C. Take care of children. Shelf life - 2 years.
Price in Pharmacies
No information available.
Attention!
The description, posted on this page, is a simplified version of the official version of annotation to the drug. Information is provided solely for informational purposes and is not a guide for self-treatment. Before applying a drug, you must consult with a specialist and familiarize yourself with the instructions approved by the manufacturer.
Thank you
The site provides reference information solely to familiarize yourself. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation of a specialist is obligatory!
What kind of levodopa drug?
Legodopa - this is the main and most effective drug used in the treatment parkinson's disease. It has the ability to completely eliminate or significantly reduce the symptoms of Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonism syndrome. Parkinson's disease or trembling paralysis is a slowly progressive chronic disease of the central nervous system caused by a significant decrease in dopamine content in the brain. Unfortunately, the use of Levodopa is not able to cure this disease, but its use can significantly improve the quality and duration of patients' life.Parkinson and Leveodopia disease
This disease is quite common. It is primarily subject to the people of middle and old age. The disease is accompanied by various motor disorders. These include tremor alone in her hands, head, jaw, slow motion, inelasticity ( rigidity) Muscles, body instability. With this disease, there is also a gradual change in the patient's identity, mental disorders, mental and vegetative disorders may be observed.Parkinson's disease was diagnosed with Mohammed Ali Boxer, the poet Andrei Voznesensky, fashion designer Vyacheslav Zaitsev, artist Salvador Dali, Political figures of Mao Zedong, Yasser Arafat, Francisco Franco, Pope John Paul Second and many other famous personalities. The symptoms of this disease were described in the ancient Indian Medical Book of Ayurveda. In those days, the healers for its treatment were used powder obtained from the bean seeds of the Mukuna Gumping plant ( mucuna Purbiens.), which kept Levodop.
Legodopa and dopamine deficiency in Parkinson's disease. Why do patients with Parkinson's disease arise various motor disorders and depression?
In Parkinson's disease, neurons are destroyed ( nerve cells) Black brain substance. The reasons for the occurrence of this pathology are still not clear. There are many hypotheses explaining the occurrence of these processes. These include hereditary predisposition, adverse environmental impact, viral, food theory and many others.The black brain substance is part of an extrapyramidal system responsible for performing unconscious movements. The death of neurons in it leads to a decrease in the synthesis and dephamine content. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter or substance with which the impulse transmission is carried out ( teams) Between the formations of the brain. With a decrease in dopamine level, the transmission mechanism is broken, and failures occur when performing a variety of motor acts. Moves slow down, the muscle tone is disturbed, tremor appears alone.
In the formation of a proper program of movements, along with dopamin, neuromediators of acetylcholine, norenalin, serotonin are involved. The emergence of imbalance in the neurotransmitter system also causes violations in the performance of movements and their inadequate manifestation. Dopamine, besides, is one of the main mediators of pleasure. Therefore, patients suffering from Parkinson's disease are not only violated motor functions, but the mood deteriorates, a tendency to depression appears.
Active existing substance Levodopa. Latin and international name Levodopa. Preparations of Levodopa
Legodopa is a substance that is a synthetic leaving isomer of dioxiphenylalanine ( L-dof), predecessor of dopamine, the lack of which in the brain causes Parkinson's disease. The active active substance of the drugs of Levodopa is a substance with the same name. Latin name Levodopa is Levodopum, and the international - Levodopa.Entering the body and processing, the levodop turns into dopamine, has a healing effect and improves the patient's condition. However, when it is used in pure form, there are often toxic effects associated with the features of her assimilation in the human body. Therefore, it is currently used in combination with substances that reduce these effects - carbide ( preparations of Nakov, Sinemet, Tremonors and others) or benserazid ( madopar and others).
What pharmacological group owns a levodopa drug?
This drug belongs to the pharmacological group of dopamiomimetics and anti-parkinsonic drugs. Dofamiomimetics include substances affecting dopamine receptors and contributing to its accumulation. It also includes substances that increase the formation of dopamine or preventing its destruction. Dopamic receptors in large quantities are in the brain, especially in basal nuclei, black substance, the hypothalamic zone.Anti-Charactersonic agents are medicinal products with the ability to eliminate or facilitate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonism syndrome.
The mechanism of action of Legodopa
Legodopa eliminates the lack of dopamine in the neurons of the brain. It is a predecessor of dopamine, which is not capable of penetrating through the hematorecephalic barrier ( GEB) brain. Legodopa penetrates through the BC, exposed to decarboxylation ( oxidation) and with the participation of the enzyme dof-decarboxylase turns into dopamine, restoring the neurotiator balance in the central nervous system ( CNS.), which causes the reduction or disappearance of motor disorders during Parkinson's disease. However, the process of the formation of dopamine from Leveodopa occurs not only in the cells of the brain, but also in the peripheral tissues of the body ( in blood, in the gastrointestinal tract), where the increase in dopamine is not required. As a result of these processes, undesirable side effects are developed on the use of levodopes, such as horse racing and decrease in blood pressure, violation of heart rhythm, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and others.Prevent dopamine formation in peripheral tissues helps special substances - dof-decarboxylase inhibitors. These include carbidop, benserazide, which do not penetrate the BC and do not affect the process of forming dopamine from Levodopha in the brain. Combined drugs containing levodopa and inhibitor dof-decarboxylase are Madopar, cinema, nakom and others. Madopar GSS, cinema cp is the preparations of prolonged action with the gradual release of Levodopa. This dosage form allows you to avoid significant fluctuations in the level of levels in the blood, since its significant increase can provoke diskinesium appearance ( involuntary movements) and mental disorders. These prolonged action drugs make it possible to reduce the multiplicity of reception of Levodopa during the day.
How long does the one-time dose of Levodopa act? How does the levodop be excreted from the body?
After the reception inside the one-time dose of the Levodopa, its maximum concentration in the blood is achieved after 1.5 - 2 hours and is held at the therapeutic level for 4 to 6 hours. The duration of action of a single dose of the drug depends on the duration of its use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. With his reception, over the years, the effect of a single dose is reduced. In the processed form, it is excreted from the body, mainly by the kidneys with urine and in minor quantity with the feces. For 2 hours with urine, about 1/3 doses of the drug can be separated. At the beginning of treatment with this drug, its action is developing within 5 - 7 days, and the maximum effect manifests itself after 1 month. After the end of prolonged treatment with this medicine, its action can be maintained for another 3 - 5 days. Cancel it gradually and with caution under control neurologist ( sign up) .The effectiveness of levodopoy treatment
Unfortunately, Currently, Parkinson's disease is not healing. However, the timely start of treatment of this pathology can significantly increase the period of active life of such patients. But even on the background of constant treatment, this disease is steadily progressing. Preparations containing levodopa are prescribed, as a rule, at the later stages of this disease. So, the patient accepting this drug loses the ability to serve itself, on average, 15 years after diagnosing Parkinson's disease. According to statistics, a patient who does not receive such treatment, for 10 years it turns out to be beddached to bed.Medicaase treatment with drugs Levodop Parkinson's disease increases the working capacity of patients, slows down the development of motor disorders, reduces the manifestation of existing pathologies and, in general, gives the period of disability. Currently, the life expectancy of patients receiving constant treatment with such drugs is practically no different from those among the rest of the population. The use of levodopa preparations plays a major role in the extension of the period of active life of patients with such a severe neurological disease as Parkinson's disease.
Release form, Leveodop storage conditions
Preparations "clean" Levodopa are rarely applied rarely due to their poor tolerability. They are produced in the form of capsules or tablets of 0.25 g and 0.5 g. Their trade names are L-Dopa, Caldop, Dopaflex, Darchkin and others. In medical practice, combined levodop preparations with substances that limit the formation of dopamine in peripheral tissues are more often used. They allow you to minimize the development of side effects when using Levodopa. Such properties have carbide and benserazide.
Combined medicines, which include levodopopia
Combined levodop drugs are more mild, compared with the levodopa in its pure form. They are produced in many countries of the world in the form of tablets or capsules. Also produced combined drugs of levodopes with prolonged or rapid effects. However, unfortunately, none of them at the present time does not allow to achieve cure from Parkinson's disease. When using them for a long time, side effects occur, such as fluctuations ( muscular voltage fluctuations) and diskinesia ( involuntary movements).They are caused by the instability of the level of levelopes in the blood, the syndrome of insensitivity to the levodopoe, developing with long-term use of such drugs. Despite this, the levodopa as an active acting substance in each of them undoubtedly owns the main role in reducing the symptoms of this severe neurological disease. Scientists are constantly working on the development of the optimal dosage form of Levodopa, which allows to achieve a persistent long-term improvement without the development of any complications.
Combined drugs, which include levodopa and carbide, are:
- on whom ( Switzerland);
- tremonors ( Israel);
- cinema ( USA) other.
- levodopa / benserazid-teva ( Israel);
- madopar ( Switzerland) other.
Madopar and Levodopopia
Madopar is a drug, which is a combination of levodopa and bentiserazide in a ratio of 4: 1. It has the same efficiency as large doses of Levodopa. This cure for a doctor's prescription.Madopar is available in the following dosage forms:
- tablets dispersible 125 mg;
- capsules 125 mg;
- tablets 250 mg;
- gSS capsules with a modified release of 125 mg.
Madopar in the form of capsules is designed to receive inside. Capsules have a solid opaque gelatin case of pinkish-bodily color with a light blue opaque cap. The capsule has an inscription "Roche" of black. The contents of the capsules are a fine granulated powder of light beige color, with a slight smell. Store this drug is necessary at a temperature not higher than 30 degrees in a dry place, inaccessible for children. The shelf life of this medicine is 3 years.
Madopar in the form of tablets is designed to receive inside. Tablets have a cylindrical shape, they are flat with a bevelled edge, pale red with small splashes, with a slight odor. On one side of the tablet, there is an inscription "Roche", cruciform risk and hexagon. On the other side there is only cruciform risk. The diameter of the tablet is 12.6 - 13.4 mm, thickness 3 - 4 mm. It is necessary to store this drug at a temperature not higher than 25 degrees in a dry place, inaccessible for children. The shelf life of this medicine is 4 years.
Madopar in the form of a modified release capsules is designed to receive inside. Capsules have a solid opaque gelatin body of light blue color, with a dark green opaque lid. The capsule has an inscription "Roche" rzavo-red. The contents of the capsule is a small granulated white powder or a slightly yellowish color, with a slight odor. Store this drug is necessary at a temperature not higher than 30 degrees in a dry place, inaccessible for children. The shelf life of this medicine is 3 years.
Nak and Levodopopia
Nakom is a drug that is a combination of levodopa carbide. It provides a long-term maintenance of the therapeutic concentration of levodopa in the blood at doses, which are about 80% lower than those required in the case of pure levodopa. The effect of the drug is manifested during the first day from the beginning of the reception, sometimes after receiving the first dose. The maximum effect is achieved within 7 days. This cure for a doctor's prescription.This medicine is produced in the form of tablets, which contain 250 mg of levodopa and 25 mg carbide. They are designed to receive inside. Tablets have an oval biconide form. They are blue with white and dark blue splashes. On one side of the tablet applied a notch. Store this drug is necessary at a temperature not higher than 25 degrees in a dry place, protected from light, inaccessible for children. The shelf life of this medicine is 3 years.
Stavorovo and Levodopopia
To combined drugs, which include levodopa, carbide and entakapon include the preparation is stalevo ( Finland). The drug entacapon is included in this medication to stabilize the level of levodopa in the blood. Entacapon is a catechol-o-methyltransferase inhibitor ( CT) peripheral action. He slows down the removal of levodopa from the blood, extending its therapeutic effect. This cure for a doctor's prescription.Stasically produced in the following dosage forms:
- tablets 50 / 12.5 / 200 mg, which contain 50 mg of levodopa, 12.5 mg carbide, 200 mg of entakapon;
- tablets 100/25/200 mg, which contain 100 mg of levodopa, 25 mg carbide, 200 mg of entakapon;
- tablets 150 / 37.5 / 200 mg, which contain 150 mg of levodopa, 37.5 mg of carbide, 200 mg of entakapon;
- tablets 200/50/200 mg, which contain 200 mg of levodopa, 50 mg carbide, 200 mg of entakapon.
Levodopki analogues
Levodopa preparations are a gold standard in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. They are the most effective means to treat this disease. Their use is effectively at any stage of this disease and helps more than 95% of cases. In comparison with them, the effectiveness of other anti-parkinsonic drugs is estimated. One of the diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease is a positive reaction in the treatment of levodopov preparations. If the use of these drugs does not have therapeutic action, then the doctor should reconsider the diagnosis. The application in the patient of other anti-parkinsonic drugs in this case will also be ineffective.
Currently, the following drugs are used to treat Parkinson's illness:
- preparations of Levodopa;
- amantadins;
- monoaminoxidase inhibitors type B ( Mao-B.);
- dopamic receptor agonists ( Adr);
- anticholinergic drugs;
- CT).
How is the drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease?
The choice of drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease depends on many factors. In its appointment, the doctor takes into account the individual characteristics of the patient - its age, profession, social and marital status, characteristics, the presence of chronic diseases, the stage of the disease, the pace of its progression and duration.
Medical therapy in this disease has two directions - it affects the cause of the development of Parkinson's disease ( what is achieved by the use of levodopa or its analogues) and affects individual symptoms ( pain, insomnia, depression, reducing attention, memory, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and other).
Treatment of this disease in the initial stage differs from this in the later stages. When setting this diagnosis to the patient who has minimal motor disorders, medications are not assigned. If it occurs, it has difficulty in self-service or carrying out work, the most suitable drug is prescribed. As the disease develops, the drugs are replaced, combined and add levodop as the most efficient means. Its use is trying to postpone, since the effectiveness of this drug when used for a long time falls. However, in the occurrence of Parkinson's disease in patients at the age of more than 70 years, treatment starts with Levodopa.
Preparations of amantadine and levodopop
Amantadins ( midtan, PC Merz and others) - these are antiviral drugs that also have anti-parkinsonic effects. They increase the allocation of dopamine from the neuronal depot, inhibit its reverse capture and increase the sensitivity of dopamine receptors to the dopamine. Thus, they restore dopamine deficiency in Parkinson's disease. Amantadins contribute to the decrease in the symptoms of this disease in the initial stages. Their use in later stages, reduces the manifestations of dyskinesia - involuntary movements caused by prolonged levodopa treatment. Often this medicine is used in the early stages of the disease at 100 mg 2 - 3 times a day. It is also used in a complex with levodopa or anticholinergic drugs. Its effectiveness during monotherapy has dropped quickly for several months. The main side effects of this medication are dizziness, nausea, insomnia, hallucinations, increased nervous excitability, swelling, spots on the skin, aggravation of heart failure, arrhythmias and others.Monoaminoxidase inhibitors ( Mao.) type b and levodop
Inhibitors of Mao type B ( sELEGILIN, YUMEX, SEGAN, DEPRENTIL AND OTHER) - These are substances that slow down the decay of dopamine in nerve endings and increase its concentration in brain tissues, reducing the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Their use allows to delay the use of levodopes for more than a year. In the case of their joint admission, they extend the reaction to Levodop. Inhibitors of Mao type B are appointed 5 mg 1 - 2 times a day in the morning. Therapy with these drugs is usually well tolerated. Their main side effects are the decline in appetite, nausea, constipation or diarrhea, anxiety, insomnia.Agonists dopamine receptors and levodopopia
Dopamic receptor agonists ( Adr) - this is a numerous group of drugs, which are analogs of dopamine. These enzymes seem to replace dopamine in the central nervous system. Also, their use significantly slows down the death of the cells of the black substance of the brain in Parkinson's disease. They are represented by two groups of drugs - ergoline and non-ergoline adr. Ergolin ADRs are derivatives of alkaloids ardines. These include such drugs like Bromocriptine, Cabergolin, pergolid. Neiegrolin drugs include Pramipeksol ( miapex.), Prioran and others. Adr preparations are used in the form of tablets, injections or patches ( percutaneous form with dosage release of the active substance during the day). Most often, Pramipeksol is applied to the treatment of Parkinson's disease.Preparations of ADR are appointed as monotherapy at the initial stages of Parkinson's disease. They not only reduce motor disorders, but also improve the emotional state of patients. They also improve attention, memory, intellectual abilities. At the later stages, levodopa treatment is complemented by these drugs, which reduces its dose and extend its time. Adr show side effects similar to those of Levodopa. These include drowsiness, nausea, sudden fainting, hallucinations, motor disorders, swelling and some others. Sometimes their use causes such behavior violations as an uncontrolled tendency to gambling, shopping, increased sexual attraction.
Anticholinergic preparations and levodopop
Anticholinergic preparations ( cyclodol, Parkopan, Akinton) contribute to the decrease in tremor and rigidity ( standards) Muscles. Currently, they are rarely used with caution, as they are able to cause impaired psyche and dependence. They cannot be abruptly canceled, since the patient may occur with the abolition syndrome, in which the symptoms of Parkinson's disease are sharply enhanced. When they are used, there are such side effects as dryness in the mouth, constipation, problems with urination, memory loss, hallucinations, blurred vision and cloudiness of consciousness and others.Catechol-o-methyltransferase inhibitors ( CT) And Levodopopia
Catechol-o-methyltransferase inhibitors ( CT) - These are enzymes that are used as auxiliary means in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. They are two species - central action ( tolcapon) and peripheral action ( entacapon). Their use allows lengthening the time of the actions of Levodopa, reduce their dosage, reduce the severity of motor disorders arising from the reception of levodopes and other drugs. Their main side effects are abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, sleep disorders, dizziness, reduced pressure, urine color change, hallucinations. Tolcapon has a negative effect on the liver.Nootrops and Levodopopia
Nootropics are drugs capable of providing a protective, restoring, stimulating effect on brain cells. They improve memory, attention, increase the endurance of the cells of the brain cells during stress and during the recovery period after strokes, injuries, infectious and degenerative brain diseases. Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disease of the brain, in which neurons, synthesizing dopamine suffer and die. The violation of the balance of enzymes engaged in the transfer of nerve impulses is affected not only on the violation of the patient's motor functions, it suffers from depression, it worsens memory, attention, ability to analyze and draw conclusions.Drug therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease includes a large amount of medicines ( levodopa, ADR and others), which have side effects and toxic effects. Nootropics are an auxiliary means in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. They neutralize the effect of harmful substances on cerebral cells, prevent the deterioration of the mental and mental abilities of patients. For example, the drug Mexidol ( in pills or in the form of injections) It has an antioxidant and nootropic effect. It improves memory, mood. He is appointed in the early stages of this disease.
However, nootropics are capable of providing an exciting effect. So acts, for example, piracetam. If you have a patient depression, anxiety, the evilness of nootropics can strengthen these qualities. Therefore, these drugs are prescribed, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient. Such drugs as phenibut, ginkgo biloba have nootropic effects more gently, without overexcitation of the nervous system. The Austrian preparation cerebrolysin obtained from the tissues of the brain of pigs has a reducing effect on the CNS. It also applies in the complex treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Antidepressants and levodopopia
Antidepressants complement the treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa or other means. Parkinson's disease affects the psycho-emotional state of patients, contributes to the development of depression. Motor disorders arising from patients with severe chronic disease, they cause them a sense of inferiority, burglariness, despondency, in particularly severe cases even attempts to commit suicide.Antidepressants are prescribed by patients at any stage of this disease. Their choice should produce psychiatrist ( sign up) Not a family doctor, since their use in Parkinson's disease has its own characteristics and limitations. Their use is long in nature ( up to six months), and the medical effect is manifested only a month later from the start of reception. The dose of drugs is increasing gradually, and also gradually the drug is canceled. It is impossible to independently change the treatment diagram by these drugs, as this may lead to a deterioration in the patient's condition.
Tranquilizers, Soothing Preparations and Levels
Tranquilizers are drugs that reduce the alarm, fear, neuropsychic stress, are prescribed during insomnia. In the treatment of Parkinson's disease, they are used with caution, as they cause addiction, dependence, affect the effectiveness of treatment with levodopa and other anti-parkinsonic drugs. Their use can cause a deterioration in the patient's condition suffering from this disease.In the treatment of this disease to reduce anxiety, fear, the removal of muscle tension can be used, more secure sedatives, such as Afobazol, adaptol. They do not cause addiction, act gently, reduce the anxiety, help to fall asleep.
A soft soothing action without addiction is the drug Glycine. It can be taken 2 tablets 3 - 4 times a day. In patients suffering from this disease, insomnia often arises. The use of glycine before sleep contributes to a lighter falling asleep. Overcoming insomnia also contributes to the use of indoors of sedative herbs before bedtime.
Package preparations and levodopop
Legodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease helps reduce motor disorders. However, patients due to impaired muscle tone often have pain in the whole body. For their relief, doctors prescribe preparations from a group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( Npvp). Such drugs include indomethacin, ibuprofen, diclofenac and others. These drugs are available in the form of tablets, capsules, injection solutions, rectal candles, creams and ointments.The drug, form, dose and time of using such a medication should determine the doctor, since the NSAIDs with prolonged use cause side effects, and cannot be abused by use. Muscle relaxing also helps massage, healing baths, physiotherapy procedures. Their execution not only removes muscle tension in the patient, but also improves the mood.
Miorosanta and Legodopopa
Miorlaxants are drugs operating on the central nervous system and removing muscle tension in the whole body. These drugs include Sirdalud, Middokalm and others. Legodopa also helps to reduce muscle stiffness. However, the mechanism of the action of these drugs is varied. Muscle relaxation caused by Miorosanta is undesirable in Parkinson's disease. Patients often fall, get injuries after their use. Therefore, doctors do not recommend their use with a given disease.Instructions for the use of levodopa drug
The use of levodop drugs in the treatment of Parkinson's disease should be carried out only on the appointment of a doctor, under its control, in compliance with the recommendations of the instructions for use that accompanies the medicine. Dosage of these drugs is selected by the doctor strictly individually. Treatment with levodopa preparations is symptomatic and can be carried out throughout life.The main rule of the use of this drug is the beginning of treatment with a minimum dose, followed by very slow buildings. This time can be 1 - 1.5 months. During this period, the doctor determines the dose providing a minimum positive effect ( dose of the effect of effect). As the disease develops, the dose of the effect threshold increases, and the dose threshold causing side effects is reduced. These organism reactions on the drug are narrowing the boundaries of the pharmacotherapeutic window of the actions of the Levodopa.
The use of levodopa preparations are effectively at any stage of Parkinson's disease and in any age category. However, at present, when treating patients under the age of 60-70 years old, the appointment of these drugs is trying to postpone, since with prolonged use they cause side effects and insensitivity. Strongly cease treatment with these drugs or interrupt it for a long time, since severe, irreversible violations of motor activity are possible. In the event of a special need to cancel these medications with caution and gradually, replacing them with others.
Recommended treatment diagram "Clean" Levodopa
The treatment diagram by these drugs is generated by a doctor individually in accordance with the patient's well-being and the tolerance of the drug. Treatment starts with a minimum dose, gradually increasing it to a therapeutic level when the patient feels good and no side effects arise. This medicine is taken inside 30 minutes before or 1 hour after meals. Its initial dose is 0.25 g per day, and it increases every 2 - 3 days by 0.25 g to reach a daily dose of 3 g. If you need a dose of medication, you can increase to 4 - 5 g per day, taking the drug 3 4 times a day. For this, the dose of this increases every 10 to 14 days by 0.25 - 0.5 g. The maximum daily dose of this medicine is 6 g.The dose of this medication cannot be increased quickly. In this case, the risk of developing side effects in the form of nausea, vomiting, violations of the work of the cardiovascular system due to the premature transformation of Levodopa to Dopamine, norepinerenaline and adrenaline in the blood and in the gastrointestinal tract are increasing. Only 1/5 part of the adopted dose of drugs "clean" levodopi penetrates the brain and is converted to dopamine, norepinephrine and adrenaline. If the level of these neurotiators exceeds the threshold for the development of side effects, then the patient will have neurological ( discinesia) and mental ( excitation, nonsense, hallucinations, confusion) Sided reactions.
Therefore, medications with a "clean" levodopa are rarely applied. With the appearance of side effects, the dose of the drug decreases or cease reception. It is abolished gradually, to prevent the occurrence of cancellation syndrome, accompanied by a sharp increase in the symptoms of Parkinson's disease and the deterioration of the patient's condition.
CHEMA OF USE OF COMBINED DEPARTMENTS OF LEVOPA
Leveodop combined drugs include preparations containing carbide or bentiserazide, which suppressed dopamine formation in peripheral tissues. The higher their content in the drug, the lower the likelihood of the development of side effects from the heart and the gastrointestinal tract. These include Madopar, Nakom, Cinema and others. With their admission, patients practically do not occur cardiovascular and gastroenterological complications. When replacing the preparations of "clean" levodopes on combined drugs, a smaller dose of Levodopa is prescribed 5 times.So, for example, if the patient is scheduled to take 3 g ( 3000 mg) "Clean" levodopa, then its number per day as part of the combined drugs should be 5 times less ( 600 mg). This amount is contained approximately 2.5 tablets of the drug Nak ( 625 mg of levodopa) or in 5 capsules of the Madopar 125 preparation ( 625 mg).
Carbide or benserazide do not penetrate the brain and do not affect the formation in the brain of dopamine, norepinephrine and adrenaline. Therefore, neurological and mental adverse reactions in patients still arise, especially when taking Levodopa for a long time. It is not recommended to take these drugs in doses exceeding 750 mg of Levodopa per day.
Features of the use of levodopa
When treating this drug, it is recommended to avoid one-time reception in a high dose. Therapeutic daily dose must be divided into four or more reception. The frequency of techniques should be distributed so as to ensure the optimal daily therapeutic effect. If during the day the patient has such side effects as the phenomenon of "exposure to a single dose effect" or the phenomenon of "frozen", a more frequent reception of smaller doses of the drug is recommended, while maintaining its daily therapeutic dose. When developing the on-shutdown phenomenon, it is recommended to increase the different dose of the drug with a decrease in the number of receptions, while maintaining its daily therapeutic dose.What does the concept of "therapeutic window" mean with the treatment of levodopa?
The "Therapeutic window" is a limited period of time to start treating levodopa, during which this medicine has an optimal effect for a long time, without the manifestation of side effects in the form of fluctuations ( motor activity fluctuations) and diskinesia ( the emergence of involuntary movements). Too early or later destination, Levodopa is also considered ineffective.Studies of scientists testify that the timely beginning of therapy levodopa allows more than 3 times to lengthen the third stage of Parkinson's disease. During this period, levodopa preparations cause a significant reduction in motor disorders compared to therapy by the drugs ADR. This effect is not observed when they are appointed in the first, second, fourth or fifth stage of this disease. Therefore, doctors consider it appropriate and timely discovery of the "therapeutic window" to begin the use of Levodopa at the beginning of the third stage of this disease.
However, the beginning of the treatment of levodopa should be determined by a doctor individually and not depend on age, stage and duration of the disease. If the use of other drugs does not allow the patient to engage in labor activities or serve themselves to the necessary degree, it is recommended to prescribe the most effective drug in this case - levodop, regardless of other factors. Improving motor functions In this case, in itself contributes to stabilization and suspension of the course of the disease.
How do Parkinson's disease treat her early stages?
In identifying this disease and the absence of pronounced motor disorders in the patient, drugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease in the early stages do not apply. At this time, methods of social and psychological support are used and non-medical methods of treatment - therapeutic physical education, physiotherapy, psychotherapy, diet and therapy and others.If a patient occurs, the patient has motor disorders that interfere with its active activities, doctors prescribe medicines to him. The symptoms of this disease in the early stages can be effectively stopped using drug addresses ( agonists dopamine receptors), Mao-B inhibitors, Amantadinov. We begin treatment with monotherapy with these drugs. As the drug progression progresses, the drug is combined. With the ineffectiveness of such treatment, levodopou is added in small doses. In patients under 50 years old, anticholinergic drugs are also used to treat this disease in the early stages.
Features of the use of Levodopa in the later stages of Parkinson's disease
The basis for the treatment of this disease in the later stages of this disease is the drugs of Levodopa. Usually they are combined with other drugs ( agonists of dopamine receptors), In order not to increase significantly dose of levodopa. The need to increase its dose arises as a result of the development of tolerance ( addiction) In a patient because of its application for a long time. The progression of the disease and the accession of new symptoms also requires the Drug Compensation by Levodopa.Therefore, drug therapy in the later stages of Parkinson's disease is a challenging task for a doctor. It requires the preservation of the balance between the therapeutic effects of Levodopa with the growing need of the patient in its high doses and the risk of occurrence of severe side effects, violating the physical and mental state. For this, doctors are recommended in the later stages of this disease, the daily dose of Levodopopa takes more often with small doses ( every 1.5 - 2 hours). Also, during this period, levodop drugs are prescribed with a prolonged action or a combined drug stale. In the beginning of Parkinson's disease under the age of 70 - 75 years old, treatment starts with levodopa drugs, since severe side effects arise significantly less frequently, and the coming time is not So great as in middle-aged people.
These drugs are prescribed to the patient of any age to treat Parkinson's disease, bypassing other opparkinsonic drugs if dementia is diagnosed. Legodopa has a more sparing effect on such patients, mental disorders cause a lesser extent.
Levodopa preparations are appointed first as a monotherapy or in combination with ADRs or a Mao-B inhibitor if the patient has developed motor disorders that limit its working capacity or interfering to conduct a normal lifestyle.
Is it possible to use levodopa in people with diseases of the kidneys, liver and other chronic diseases?
The decision on the appointment of this drug to patients suffering from chronic diseases of the kidneys, liver and other pathologies is made by the doctor, given the current state of the patient, weighing possible benefits and harm from its application. If this medicine is used in a patient with diseases of the cardiovascular system, then it must be regularly carried out electrocardiogram. In the presence of diabetes mellitus, it needs to constantly monitor the content of glucose in the blood and, if necessary, adjust the dose of antidiabetic preparations. In the presence of a patient with stomach, osteoporosis, cramps or other diseases, regular control of their state should be carried out. In the presence of a patient glaucoma, it is necessary to monitor the level of intraocular pressure. Also, in the process of treatment, the levodopa should regularly monitor the functions of the liver, kidney function, blood.Is it possible to apply levodopa together with other medicines?
When using this drug with other medicines, caution should be observed and consult with the doctor before their use, since such interaction can affect the effectiveness of treatment or cause an undesirable side effect. For example, antacids adopted during the disease of the gastrointestinal tract, reduce the absorption of Levodopa. Neuroleptics, opiates and drugs that reduce pressure containing reserpine suppress the effect of levodopa. Circulation disorders are possible when using levodopes with Mao inhibitors ( in addition to the inhibitors of Mao-in). Mao inhibitors must be canceled 2 weeks before the use of Levodopa.Leveodopou can be combined with other anti-parkinsonic means ( anticholinergic, amantadine, dopamine agonists, bromocriptine, selegiline). However, such interaction enhances not only the healing effect, but also by the side effect of these drugs. Before the beginning of treatment, any drug should consult with a doctor, so as not to cause a complication of Parkinson's disease caused by such drug interaction.
Is it possible to drink alcohol during the treatment of levodopa?
Alcohol has a relaxing effect on the body, but at the same time, it negatively affects the cells of the brain, mental and mental abilities. This drug is prescribed to people to treat Parkinson's disease caused by the pathology of the brain. It is manifested by a violation of motor functions, and in later stages, dementia or mental disorders joins them. Doctors do not recommend drinking alcohol patients receiving levodopa treatment, since they have a risk of enhancing the symptoms of the disease. Also, do not follow the disease to take alcoholic beverages to eliminate the possibility of developing alcohol dependence in a patient.How are levodopa in front of general anesthesia?
Before performing operational intervention under general anesthesia, the use of this drug must be stopped in 24 hours before the operation. After surgical intervention, treatment resumes, gradually increasing the dose of this medication to the therapeutic level.Is it possible to abruptly cancel the levodop?
This drug cannot be abruptly canceled. A sharp cessation of its use can lead to the development of cancellation syndrome - increasing body temperature, muscle rigidity, mental disorders, akinetic crises ( immobilization), which may end even with a fatal outcome. Therefore, if necessary, the patient must be under the supervision of a doctor or even be hospitalized to the hospital, since in this case the patient may require urgent medical care and even carrying out resuscitation activities. Before use, you must consult with a specialist.International name:
Dosage form: pills
Pharmachologic effect:
Indications:
Dopar
International name: Levodopa + Carbidopa (Levodopa + Carbidopa)
Dosage form: pills
Pharmachologic effect: Anti-Parkinsonic combined means - a combination of carbide (inhibitor of decarboxylase aromatic amino acids) and Levodopa (predecessor ...
Indications: Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism syndrome (with the exception of antipsychotic drugs caused by antipsychotic drugs) - post-chain, against cerebrovascular diseases, intoxication toxic substances (incl. Carbon monoxication or Mn).
Darskin
International name: Levodopa (Levodopa)
Pharmachologic effect:
Indications:
Dopaflex
International name: Levodopa (Levodopa)
Pharmachologic effect: Anti-parkinsonic. Legodopopa (Levovrashing Izer Dopa) is the direct predecessor of dopamine. Eliminates hypokinesia, ...
Indications: Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism syndrome (except for antipsychotic drugs caused).
Duellin
International name: Levodopa + Carbidopa (Levodopa + Carbidopa)
Dosage form: pills
Pharmachologic effect: Anti-Parkinsonic combined means - a combination of carbide (inhibitor of decarboxylase aromatic amino acids) and Levodopa (predecessor ...
Indications: Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism syndrome (with the exception of antipsychotic drugs caused by antipsychotic drugs) - post-chain, against cerebrovascular diseases, intoxication toxic substances (incl. Carbon monoxication or Mn).
Zimoks
International name: Levodopa + Carbidopa (Levodopa + Carbidopa)
Dosage form: pills
Pharmachologic effect: Anti-Parkinsonic combined means - a combination of carbide (inhibitor of decarboxylase aromatic amino acids) and Levodopa (predecessor ...
Indications: Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism syndrome (with the exception of antipsychotic drugs caused by antipsychotic drugs) - post-chain, against cerebrovascular diseases, intoxication toxic substances (incl. Carbon monoxication or Mn).
Isik
International name: Levodopa + Carbidopa (Levodopa + Carbidopa)
Dosage form: pills
Pharmachologic effect: Anti-Parkinsonic combined means - a combination of carbide (inhibitor of decarboxylase aromatic amino acids) and Levodopa (predecessor ...
Indications: Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism syndrome (with the exception of antipsychotic drugs caused by antipsychotic drugs) - post-chain, against cerebrovascular diseases, intoxication toxic substances (incl. Carbon monoxication or Mn).
Izir Mita
International name: Levodopa + Carbidopa (Levodopa + Carbidopa)
Dosage form: pills
Pharmachologic effect: Anti-Parkinsonic combined means - a combination of carbide (inhibitor of decarboxylase aromatic amino acids) and Levodopa (predecessor ...
Indications: Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism syndrome (with the exception of antipsychotic drugs caused by antipsychotic drugs) - post-chain, against cerebrovascular diseases, intoxication toxic substances (incl. Carbon monoxication or Mn).
Caldopa
International name: Levodopa (Levodopa)
Pharmachologic effect: Anti-parkinsonic. Legodopopa (Levovrashing Izer Dopa) is the direct predecessor of dopamine. Eliminates hypokinesia, ...
Indications: Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism syndrome (except for antipsychotic drugs caused).
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