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Thrombosis - general concepts.

Thrombosis - the formation of blood clots in the lumen of the vessel, distinguish between venous and arterial thrombosis. Taking into account the subject of the site, we will talk about venous thrombosis.

Usually, the term thrombophlebitis is understood as superficial vein thrombosis, the terms - thrombosis, phlebothrombosis- deep vein thrombosis.

Blood clots can form in any veins - veins of the upper and lower extremities, veins of the abdominal cavity, etc.

With deep vein thrombosis, there may also be a slight increase in temperature, an increase in the venous pattern, etc.

Treatment of thrombophlebitis of superficial veins.

The main therapeutic measures are reduced to elastic compression ( elastic bandage or compression stockings), prescribing drugs.

Of the drugs, phlebotropic drugs (Detralex, Phlebodia), antiplatelet agents (thrombo-ACS), anti-inflammatory drugs (Voltaren) are used. Lioton-gel is applied locally.

All patients need Ultrasound of the veins to exclude concomitant deep vein thrombosis and to clarify the prevalence of superficial vein thrombophlebitis.

Treatment of deep vein thrombosis.

Almost all cases of deep vein thrombosis are treated in a hospital. An exception may be deep vein thrombosis of the lower leg, provided there is no threat of thromboembolism. Determine the risk of thromboembolism is possible only with ultrasound.

If deep vein thrombosis is suspected, the patient should be hospitalized immediately. In the hospital, an examination is carried out to clarify the prevalence of thrombosis, the degree of threat of pulmonary embolism, and immediately begin treatment.

Usually prescribe agents that reduce blood clotting (anticoagulants), antiplatelet agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, phlebotropic prapraty.

With massive thrombosis, in the early stages, it is possible to carry out thrombolysis - the introduction of agents that “dissolve” thrombotic masses.

With recurrent thrombosis, a genetic study is carried out, with positive tests, the issue of lifelong prescription of anticoagulants is decided.

Thrombosis in the system of the superior vena cava (veins of the upper extremities).

Occurs quite rarely. Almost never gives pulmonary embolism.

Causes of thrombosis in the system of the superior vena cava

- basically the same as other venous thrombosis. It may also develop as a complication of venous catheterization (cubital, subclavian catheter), sometimes it occurs as a result of prolonged compression or an uncomfortable position of the upper limb (for example, in sleep).

Thrombosis of the axillary or subclavian vein is most common ( Paget-Schretter syndrome). During the day, there is swelling of the entire upper limb with a pillow-shaped edema of the hand. There may be slight bursting pains. The color of the limb is not changed, or slightly cyanotic.

Treatment of Paget-Schretter Syndrome

- the same as other venous thrombosis.

Thrombosis of the superficial veins of the upper extremities.

Usually occurs after intravenous injections, taking blood from a vein. It is characterized by compaction along the vein, slight redness, moderate pain.

Treatment usually does not require, but with severe symptoms, lyoton-gel can be applied topically and anti-inflammatory drugs (nimesil, voltaren, etc.) inside.

Treatment of thrombosis, thrombophlebitis of veins - cost of services

Consultation of a phlebologist (c.m.s.) (survey, examination, appointment of examination and treatment) - 15 00 rubles

Ultrasound of the veins of the lower extremities - 2000 rubles

You can see a detailed route map.

How to escape from thrombophlebitis, and what processes are hidden under this medical term? Thrombophlebitis is called inflammation of the veins, accompanied by the formation of blood clots.

Extremely dangerous. Since the detached blood clots lead to a violation of the duct of the arteries. Or blood clots "wander" inside the circulatory system, threatening to clog a lung or heart.

More often the disease affects the superficial vessels of the extremities than the internal ones. Large and small superficial veins run through the lower and upper limbs.

If the inflamed superficial veins of the arms or legs have some palpable nodules (blood clots), then you need to go to the hospital. In this case, the disease is classified as thrombophlebitis of the great saphenous veins (GSV).

Possible causes of the disease

A dangerous disease can occur accidentally, as a result of the introduction of a catheter into a vein. And sometimes it develops over the years due to chronic venous insufficiency.

Venous insufficiency, as well as varicose veins, should be constantly treated and not run. At risk are women over 45 years of age. Especially those who have a grandmother or mother with thrombophlebitis.

The most common reasons:

coagulation disorder;
venous insufficiency;
taking certain medications;
varicose veins;
work in a permanent sitting position;
long stay in the vein of the catheter;
lack of physical activity.

The following factors provoke the development of the disease, and aggravate the course of the disease:

gynecological operations;
vein surgery;
obesity;
oncology;
use of hormonal contraceptives;
prolonged squeezing of blood vessels, leading to stagnation of blood;
dehydration of the body;
age-related changes in the circulatory system;
heart problems.

If there is a predisposition to varicose veins, you need to walk often, take prescribed drugs, wear special underwear. This will reduce the risk of developing thrombosis with inflammation. My patients used, thanks to which you can get rid of varicose veins in 2 weeks without much effort.

Symptoms and diagnosis of thrombophlebitis

To clearly know the diagnosis, you need to make an appointment with a phlebologist. A phlebologist specializes in diseases of the veins. After examination, he will accurately determine which of the vessels are affected. Thrombophlebitis of GSV corresponds to the following symptoms:

swelling of the veins;
pain when probing blood clots;
headache;
aching pain in the joints when walking and sitting for a long time;
hyperthermic skin nearby;
blue skin in the shin area;
the vein itself is enlarged, hard to the touch;
in the acute stage, the temperature is up to 38C °

The severity of these symptoms is stronger, the more serious the disease. Chronic is characterized by the presence of a large number of blood clots and a temperature that appears from time to time.

The superficial blood vessels of the lower extremities run along the back of the leg. It starts from the internal vessel with venous blood of the foot, and ends at the thigh.

Each superficial large vein flows into the femoral. Diagnosis is not difficult, swollen lower legs are immediately visible. And blood clots are easily palpable.

Thrombophlebitis ascending develops rapidly. Inflammation passes from the lower leg to the lower third of the thigh, and above. The legs become inflamed up to the groin, swell and the vessels become dark blue.

But blood clots are not palpable with this type of disease. Swells not only the subcutaneous, but also the femoral vein. When the femur swells, ascending thrombophlebitis of the GSV can lead to a pulmonary embolism.

It means. That blood clots have reached the lungs. And they already interfere with the blood flow in the large pulmonary artery, or its branches. The clot can also reach the heart artery.

Since the process of inflammation in the upper sections of the large vein of the thigh is already difficult to stop, in these cases, surgery is inevitable. Often, acute ascending thrombosis progresses to a more severe stage without the necessary treatment.

Through the saphenofomoral anastomosis, inflammation passes into deep vessels. To see if the inflammation goes to the middle of the leg, an angioography or ultrasound is required.

Thrombophlebitis of the hands is recorded much less frequently. Due to compression of the main vein, the entire forearm is affected. These factors that aggravate the course are also present here.

The main symptoms of the disease of the upper extremities are the same as those of the lower ones. Inflammation from these important vessels can spread to the chest area, which is extremely dangerous and can be fatal.

Treatment of GSV thrombosis

The patient should know that an immediate appeal to a phlebologist guarantees a cure. While the inflammation has not spread, the vessels can be cleaned, and the inflammation can be painlessly removed.

The patient is put on a special diet that excludes fatty foods and the veins are tied with an elastic bandage. Of the drugs prescribed:

drugs that prevent the formation of blood clots (anticoagulants);
painkillers;
anti-inflammatory;
phlebotonics;
gels containing heparin.
compresses at night;
the limb should be elevated so that the blood does not stagnate.

Diet is required as a blood purification from cholesterol. For some time, until the inflammation subsides, you need to lie still. Do not strain the affected limbs.

But when all methods of caring for diseased veins are useless, the turn of surgical intervention comes. The surgeon performs plication of the affected vessels. This is necessary to avoid complications.

So, if the duct of the superficial veins is disturbed due to thrombosis and inflammation, this is thrombophlebitis. Improper treatment, or its absence, is fraught with the transfer of the inflammatory process to other, healthy vessels. The so-called ascending thrombophlebitis of the GSV.

Venous thrombosis (phlebothrombosis) is an acute disease that is characterized by the formation of a thrombus in the lumen of a vessel (a blood clot that obstructs the lumen of the vessel) with a more or less pronounced inflammatory process and a violation of normal blood flow.

Often, thrombosis and thrombophlebitis are diagnosed in the veins of the thigh. Consider this disease.

Damage to deep, superficial and perforating veins of the thigh

The entire venous system of the thigh can be divided into deep, superficial and perforant (connects deep and superficial). Thrombus formation in the femoral veins most often occurs in the deep system. The defeat of the superficial vein system most often occurs with thrombophlebitis.

For thrombus formation to occur in the femoral veins, the following changes must occur:

Slowing of blood flow in a vessel (stasis). Most often observed with prolonged immobilization of the limb (for example, after an injury).
Changes in the rheological properties of blood (increased clotting). It may be due to hereditary pathologies (for example, a lack of factors that prevent blood clotting) or to previous surgical interventions.
Damage to the inner surface (endothelium) of the vein. It can be provoked by various medical manipulations (for example, setting venous catheters, various surgical interventions).

Distinguishing symptoms and signs

For thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the thigh, the following points are characteristic:

soreness along the course of the venous vessel (the vein is palpable as a cord with nodes);
swelling around the painful area (sweating of the liquid part of the blood into the surrounding tissues);
hyperemia (redness) of the skin over the affected area of the vein (associated with the expansion of subcutaneous capillaries);
an increase in local temperature over the affected area of the vessel;
an increase in body temperature (the body's response to an existing infectious and inflammatory process);
general malaise.

The presence of a thrombus - a blood clot that blocks the lumen of the vessel, in the deep vein system can be characterized by:

bursting soreness in the area of the affected vein segment;
gradually increasing intensity of the pain syndrome;
cyanosis of the skin (occurs due to circulatory disorders, stagnation of blood in the venous vessels);
tension of the skin;
swelling of superficial veins.

Features of central and ascending femoral vein thrombosis

Phlebothrombosis can be divided into:

central (originates from the venous system of the pelvis);
ascending (begins with the veins of the lower leg).

With the ascending variety, the veins on both sides are affected with the same frequency. A long latent course of the pathological process is characteristic. The emerging edema is of an “ascending” character (a gradual increase in edema is noted, which originates from the foot, gradually spreads to the lower leg and then to the thigh).

Changes during the transition to thrombophlebitis

Thrombophlebitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the inner wall of the vein. The resulting blood clots attach to the vascular wall. During the first 3-4 days, the forming blood clots do not hold well on the wall, so their detachment and migration along the bloodstream is possible. If this does not happen, then the thrombus is fixed on the vessel wall, which provokes the development of an inflammatory reaction. The latter leads to the formation of new blood clots.

To the clinical picture of phlebothrombosis (swelling, soreness, cyanosis of the skin), manifestations of thrombophlebitis are added (fever, increased local temperature, redness).

How to diagnose a disease

The following methods are used for diagnosis:

Physical examination. This includes palpation. Changes in the temperature of the skin of the thigh, swelling of the tissues are noted. It is also characterized by a change in skin color.
Ultrasound duplex examination. The analysis of the reflected signal is performed, according to which the nature of the venous blood flow is assessed. It is possible to determine the location of the formed thrombus, its nature and size. With thrombophlebitis, a change in the thickness and structure of the walls of the venous vessel is detected.
thermography. It is based on the fact that during the formation of thrombosis, the temperature of the tissues becomes higher than in the normal state.
Plethysmography. Its action is based on the fact that in the presence of a thrombus, an increase in blood deposition occurs. This leads to a change in the electrical resistance of tissue structures, which is displayed graphically.
Phlebography. An X-ray contrast agent is introduced into the venous bed, followed by its visualization. The presence of an obstructive blood clot is evidenced by the "amputation" of the vein - the breakage of the shadow of the radiopaque preparation.
Analysis for D-dimers. D-dimers are a breakdown product of the fibrinogen protein, which is involved in the process of blood clotting. Its level increases with thrombosis.

Conservative and surgical therapy

The main tasks in the treatment of deep femoral vein thrombosis are:

restoration of normal venous outflow;
reduced risk of developing pulmonary embolism - pulmonary embolism;
prevention of further growth of an existing thrombus;
prevention of damage to the valve apparatus of the veins;
prevention of the development of re-development of thrombosis.

Therapeutic tactics for this pathology is determined directly on the basis of the pathology clinic and the results of instrumental studies.

For conservative therapy,:

Anticoagulant drugs (reducing blood clotting ability). Heparin, low molecular weight heparins (Enoxaparin, Deltaparin, Fraxiparin) are used.
fibrinolytic drugs. These are the drugs that are able to dissolve the formed blood clot. They are used in the first few days after thrombosis, after their use is ineffective. These include Alteplase, Tenecteplase.
Antispasmodics. Papaverine, Drotaverine.
Venotonics. Detralex, Phlebodia 600.

With the existing inflammatory process affecting the wall of the vein, the treatment process consists in the use of the following drugs:

Anticoagulants. Most often used topically in the form of heparin ointment.
Venotonics. Troxerutin, Detralex, Phlebodia 600.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The most commonly used Diclofenac, Nimesulide.
Antibiotic therapy. They resort to it with a pronounced inflammatory process.

Also recommended are warm compresses, the use of physiotherapy (UHF). Bed rest should not be observed for a long time, since physical activity improves blood flow, which is the prevention of blood clots. For the period of physical activity, the use of elastic compression (elastic bandaging, compression stockings) is recommended.

Operative treatment of thrombophlebitis is indicated only if there is:

ascending thrombophlebitis;
formed thrombus in the superficial system of the veins of the thigh.

Possible complications and prognosis

Possible complications of thrombophlebitis and thrombosis of the veins of the thigh include:

chronic venous insufficiency;
TELA;
formation of trophic ulcers;
lipodermatosclerosis.

Without treatment, the risk of complications is high. In the absence of taking anticoagulant drugs, approximately 30% of patients experience a relapse of the pathology within 3 months, after a year - in 70%. After the treatment of thrombosis, the probability of recurrence after 1 year is about 4-5%.

Thrombosis and thrombophlebitis are dangerous pathologies that can lead to the development of formidable complications. To avoid this, timely diagnostic procedures are necessary, as well as the correct choice of treatment tactics.

Thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the lower extremities is a disease characterized by the formation of blood clots on the wall of these vessels and blockage of their lumen. The disease leads to circulatory disorders, muscle weakness and dysfunction of the lower limb. Pathology should not be ignored, since there is a risk of developing serious complications. Consider what superficial thrombophlebitis is - the nature of the pathology and methods of treatment.

How pathology develops

For the development of thrombosis of the superficial veins in the legs, a change in blood viscosity, a violation of the vital activity of white blood cells, a decrease in blood flow and damage to the venous wall are necessary. In a certain area, a precipitate forms, which gradually thickens and forms a clot that closes the lumen of the vessel. Later, inflammation joins, and signs of the disease appear. Sometimes a thrombus breaks off and acute thrombophlebitis of the saphenous veins is formed.

According to ICD 10, this pathology is assigned the code "I 80".

Etiology

Superficial thrombophlebitis is a complex pathology that progresses gradually. For its development, a single pathological chain is needed, to which the following reasons can lead:

Deep vein thrombosis of the leg - when blood clots appear in these areas, they can migrate with the blood flow to the superficial vessels;
Limb injuries - any damage to the skin, muscles and other tissues destroys the integrity of the wall of the saphenous vein and can lead to the development of thrombosis;
Burdened heredity - according to scientific data, there is a genetic predisposition to increased "gluing" of white blood cells and the formation of blood clots;
Varicose veins - with this pathology, stagnation occurs in the venous bed, which can provoke thrombophlebitis;
Infections - when the body is infected with microbial agents, complex protective mechanisms are simultaneously triggered by the rapid formation of blood clots at the sites of cell damage;
Allergy - can provoke an autoimmune attack of white blood cells;
Overeating and excess weight - in this case, the concentration of substances that increase its viscosity increases in the blood;
Operations - when interfering with the internal environment of the body, the risk of blood clots and damage to blood vessels increases;
Pregnancy period - a change in the hormonal background can adversely affect the regulation of the tone of the vascular system and the qualitative composition of the blood.

In addition to the reasons described, the side effects of certain drugs during treatment, various types of poisoning can lead to disruption of local blood flow in the lower extremities. Increased blood viscosity can also develop when taking contraceptives, plasma transfusions. The vascular wall is damaged by frequent drips or during intravenous injections.

Disease classification

In addition to ICD, thrombophlebitis is divided into several forms depending on the severity of symptoms and the nature of local changes.

According to the severity of clinical signs, they distinguish:

Acute thrombophlebitis is characterized by rapid progression and severity of symptoms: pain appears sharply, rapidly increases, swelling of the lower limb progresses, its function is impaired. This condition requires urgent treatment;
Chronic thrombophlebitis - develops slowly, moderate symptoms are present, it may take several months for the patient's condition to completely deteriorate.

Depending on the pathogenesis, two forms of thrombosis of the veins of the lower limb are distinguished:

Purulent thrombophlebitis - characterized by the involvement of microbes and the development of purulent inflammation. A very dangerous condition requiring additional antibiotic treatment;
Non-purulent thrombophlebitis is a classic variant of the pathology, proceeds with signs of circulatory disorders in the lower limb.

If the patient has a purulent variant of the pathology and there is no open injury, in parallel with the treatment, it is necessary to be examined for the presence of a chronic focus of infection.

Clinical picture

The first signs of the disease usually develop gradually, when the thrombus slowly increases in size and clogs the lumen of the saphenous vein, causing circulatory disorders in the lower limb. If the clot breaks away from the wall, an acute condition occurs that requires immediate treatment.

Classical symptoms of thrombophlebitis of superficial veins:

Pain in the affected area, aggravated by movement or touch;
Under the skin, the outline of the vein is visible along the “inflated” contour and the characteristic cyanotic color - this indicates its blockage when it increases under pressure;
Subcutaneous red nodules appear along the vessel;
Edema of the lower limb develops, an increase in local temperature;
With a long course of thrombosis, ulcers appear that bleed and hurt.

Often these lesions are called ascending thrombophlebitis, as the saphenous veins rise up to the heart and swell.

The most common two types of thrombophlebitis of the lower limb:

Ascending thrombophlebitis of the great saphenous vein (GSV) is characterized by edema mainly on the inner side. Under the skin, you can find a seal rising up, around which redness forms, later ulcers appear. Thrombosis of the great saphenous vein of the thigh develops quite often, requires special attention of the attending physician;
Thrombophlebitis of the small saphenous vein - the symptoms are more blurred than in the previous case. It is characterized by classical manifestations of the disease and the defeat of the upper parts of the lower limb.

With varicose veins, thrombosis of the GSV on the right is very often observed.

Establishing diagnosis

For diagnosis, it is necessary to visit the attending physician - the doctor will conduct an external examination and detect subcutaneous changes. You can also recognize blood clots on your own if you look at the photo of superficial thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities - swelling and discoloration of the skin will be noted in the picture, swollen cyanotic outlines can be seen along the vein.

For further detection of thrombosis, the following research methods are relevant;

Doppler ultrasound;
Reovasography;
Ultrasonic duplex angioscanning;
Venography;
contrast radiography.

Treatment

Treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities involves strict bed rest and limited mobility. This rule should be followed to reduce the risk of thrombus detachment from the wall of the subcutaneous vessel. For the same purpose, the use of an elastic bandage is shown to reduce congestion.

Drug treatment of thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the lower extremities should be comprehensive and include drugs that strengthen the vascular wall, thin the blood and prevent the formation of blood clots.

The most famous medicines

Heparin - relieves swelling and inflammation, prevents thrombosis. Rubbed three times a day, quickly absorbed and acts on the subcutaneous tissue;
Gel Lyoton - has similar properties, is applied 2 times a day;
Cream Ketonal - treatment should be carried out twice a day to relieve local symptoms and anesthesia in the affected area.

The second stage of treatment is to strengthen the walls of the subcutaneous vessels. For this purpose, venotonics are used:

Phlebodia - you should drink 1 tablet per day for 2-3 months;
Venarus - used three times a day, perfectly strengthens the venous wall;
Troxevasin - treatment is allowed both with tablets and the application of ointments to strengthen the superficial veins of the lower limb;
Venoruton is an effective drug, available in the form of capsules or gel.

To increase the effectiveness of drug treatment of thrombosis, it is allowed to use alternative recipes for thrombophlebitis, but only under the supervision of the attending physician.

Physiotherapy

This type of treatment is more likely to prevent the formation of blood clots in the saphenous veins of the lower limb and is aimed at strengthening their walls. For this purpose, the following is shown:

Medicinal electrophoresis with therapeutic ointments;
warming up;
laser treatments;
magnetotherapy;
Shock wave therapy.

Surgical treatment

Surgery is indicated in case of poor effectiveness of conservative treatment or the presence of serious complications from thrombosis of the superficial vessels of the lower limb. To remove a thrombus, the following types of operations are shown:

Crossectomy - ligation of the saphenous vein;
Radical intervention - complete removal of the saphenous veins;
Palliative surgical treatment - removal of a thrombus from the lumen of the vessel.

Forecast

If the first signs of the disease are detected, you should immediately seek medical help - if there is appropriate treatment, the thrombus may dissolve and return the function of the lower limb. You should also follow the doctor's recommendations for the prevention of thrombophlebitis.

The formation of blood clots in the superficial veins leads to thrombosis, and in the presence of inflammation, to thrombophlebitis of the subcutaneous vessels of the lower limb. In most cases, the pathology develops gradually and requires examination. Do not delay with treatment, in the early stages it is very effective.

Ascending thrombophlebitis

Symptoms

Feeling of heaviness;
Temperature increase.

Acute form of leakage

Risk group

Basic principles of treatment

in a conservative way;
Surgical intervention.

Basic principles of therapy

Thrombus location;
Location of affected veins.

Local therapy includes:

Fixation with elastic bandage.
Taking inhibitors.

Thrombus dissolution.

Preventive actions

Ascending thrombophlebitis

Many scientific works, encyclopedic data are devoted to the disease of ascending thrombophlebitis. People want to know about the nature of the disease, methods of treatment.

Symptoms

The symptoms of the disease are often brightly presented, they do not cause difficulties in diagnosing.

The constant presence of a feeling of fullness of the thigh, lower leg;
Feeling of heaviness;
The skin along the length of the affected leg vein is red, inflamed;
Pain in the lower leg, thigh, aggravated by movement;
Weakness, constant feeling of malaise;
Temperature increase.

With such damage to the vessels, swelling of the lower extremities rarely appears. To the touch along the affected area, an infiltrate is felt, resembling a dense cord that creates pain. When diagnosing, it is important to determine the presence of a thrombus in the vein, its exact location.

The disease poses a danger to life, so it is important to seek medical help from a phlebologist in time. They will help to cope with the disease, prevent complications in time.

Acute form of leakage

Acute ascending thrombophlebitis #8212; a complex consequence of varicose veins. This form of the disease carries the risk of death #8212; there is a floating thrombus in the vein, the disease quickly moves from the small saphenous vein to the deep vein of the thigh. This threatens to damage the pulmonary artery.

Signs of an acute form of ascending thrombophlebitis:

Risk group

There are people prone to the development of ascending thrombophlebitis of the veins of the lower extremities. They have a high chance of developing the disease.

If a person has found himself on the list, you should be attentive to the state of your veins, make adjustments to your lifestyle.

Basic principles of treatment

At the first manifestations of ascending thrombophlebitis of the saphenous vein, you should contact a medical facility #8212; Doctors will diagnose and prescribe treatment. The fight against the disease is carried out:

in a conservative way;
Surgical intervention.

Sometimes complex treatment of thrombophlebitis of the veins of the lower extremities is advisable.

Basic principles of therapy

Treatment of ascending thrombophlebitis is complex.

In case of pathology of the great saphenous vein, when the clot is located above the middle of the thigh, or if the small saphenous vein is affected, treatment in the form of an operation is prescribed.

Treatment of the acute form of the disease

The treatment of the acute form of the disease is influenced by factors:

The state of the vessels of the lower extremities;
Thrombus location;
Location of affected veins.

Often used conservative treatment with medication, local therapy, often in a hospital.

Local therapy includes:

Use of ointments with heparin.
Semi-alcoholic, cold compresses.
Fixation with elastic bandage.
Taking drugs that stabilize blood circulation.
Taking inhibitors.
Painkillers.

The operation is carried out in the following cases:

Thrombus dissolution.
risk of developing pulmonary embolism.
The defeat of the acute form of a large, small saphenous vein, when the thrombus is located above the middle of the thigh.

To remove a thrombus, laser obliteration is often used, based on heating the vessel wall above the location of the thrombus. Crossectomy operation #8212; ligation of a superficial vessel at the point of transition to a deep vessel is performed under local anesthesia.

Preventive actions

People who are at risk of developing ascending thrombophlebitis should heed the recommendations of a phlebologist:

Thrombophlebitis of the saphenous veins

Thrombophlebitis of the saphenous veins

What is subcutaneous vein thrombophlebitis?

In fact, thrombophlebitis of the saphenous vein is a "double" disease. Because, firstly, the venous walls themselves become inflamed. And secondly, a blood clot is formed in the vein - a thrombus.

Superficial thrombophlebitis in the vast majority of cases manifests itself as an acute disease.

More often, varicose-transformed tributaries of the large (and / or small) saphenous vein, as well as perforating veins, are thrombosed. But if left untreated, thrombosis extends to the great (small) saphenous vein itself, and further to the deep veins.

Causes of thrombophlebitis of superficial veins

The cause of any thrombosis is a combination of three factors:

A change in the configuration of a vein (for example, varicose transformation) and, as a result, a "swirl" of blood in the lumen of the vessel.

- "thickening" of the blood - a tendency (hereditary or acquired) to thrombosis

- damage to the vein wall (injection, trauma, etc.)

The main and most common cause of superficial thrombophlebitis is varicose veins. Also, the most common risk factors are:

- pregnancy and childbirth;

- endocrine and oncological diseases.

Superficial thrombophlebitis: symptoms and manifestations

- the appearance of "nodules" and seals in the vein;

— local increase in temperature;

- discoloration of the skin in the area of the inflamed vein.

Treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis

For the treatment of thrombophlebitis of superficial veins, different methods and their combinations are used.

– compression therapy – wearing compression stockings, special elastic bandaging;

- taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs;

- locally, in the area of inflammation - cold;

- according to indications - taking drugs that "thinn" the blood.

In this case (if technically possible), either endovenous laser obliteration or crossectomy is used - ligation of the large (small) saphenous vein along with its tributaries.

In this situation (if technically possible), a thrombus is removed from the deep veins and a crossectomy is performed - ligation of the saphenous vein at the mouth.

Treatment Methods

Sclerotherapy An effective method used to treat varicose veins. The essence of this method of treatment is the introduction of a drug into varicose veins, which damages the walls of the veins and "glues" them

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Ascending thrombophlebitis. Treatment of ascending thrombophlebitis

Our center specializes in the treatment of thrombophlebitis. Numbers:

16 years work experience
5200 cured patients
2392 performed emergency operations
2808 cured without surgery
100 % avoided pulmonary embolism

About ascending thrombophlebitis

Ascending thrombophlebitis is an inflammatory disease of the walls of varicose veins. resulting in the formation of a thrombus in the veins, closing the lumen of the vein. Ascending thrombophlebitis is most often a complication of varicose veins. Ascending thrombophlebitis is called such a state of the body when thrombophlebitis of the great saphenous vein passes from the low-lying sections of the vein on the lower leg up to the inguinal fold.

With the transition of the inflammatory process from the superficial vein to the deep veins, there is a threat of detachment and migration of a thrombus, which causes the development of the most dangerous, life-threatening complication - pulmonary embolism.

Symptoms of ascending thrombophlebitis

The main symptoms of ascending thrombophlebitis:

Feeling of bursting of the lower leg;
Redness of the skin along the varicose vein;
Pain along the saphenous vein;
The presence of a dense painful cord;
Increase in body temperature;
Weakness and malaise.

The presence of ascending thrombophlebitis poses a serious threat to the life of the patient, therefore, at the first symptoms of this disease, you should immediately seek quality medical care from our experienced specialists who have vast practical experience in treating and preventing the development of complications of vein diseases.

Acute ascending thrombophlebitis

Acute ascending thrombophlebitis is a fairly common complication of varicose veins.. The acute form of ascending thrombophlebitis poses a huge threat to the life and health of the patient, as there is a risk of a rapid transition of inflammation to the deep veins of the lower extremities, the formation of a floating thrombus and the development of pulmonary embolism.

The main symptoms of the acute form of ascending thrombophlebitis:

General inflammatory symptoms (pain, swelling, hyperemia, lymphadenitis, infiltrates of thrombosed veins, lymphangitis);
Increase in body temperature (up to 39C);
General weakness and malaise;
In the area of a thrombosed vein, an infiltrate with clear boundaries is easily palpable.

Treatment of ascending thrombophlebitis

At the first symptoms of ascending thrombophlebitis, you should immediately contact our center of modern phlebology for timely, high-quality and effective treatment.

Ignoring the issue of treatment of ascending thrombophlebitis is dangerous with the occurrence of serious consequences for the body, sometimes even death.

Ascending thrombophlebitis is treated with:

conservative treatment;
Surgical treatment.

Conservative treatment is aimed at eliminating inflammation and the spread of vein thrombosis. The phlebologist individually selects medications, compression stockings for the treatment of ascending thrombophlebitis. Conservative treatment can be applied only when there is no threat of inflammation moving to deep veins, in the presence of a local inflammatory process within the lower leg. At the slightest threat of inflammation spreading to deep veins, acute ascending thrombophlebitis requires immediate surgical treatment.

Patients with acute ascending thrombophlebitis are operated by experienced doctors of our center of modern phlebology on an emergency basis after ultrasound scanning of the veins. The main method of surgical treatment of ascending thrombophlebitis is Crossectomy.

A crossectomy is an operation during which the great saphenous vein and its main tributaries are ligated and cut at the point where it flows into the deep veins of the thigh. For this operation, a small incision is made at the level of the inguinal fold. After the operation, a cosmetic suture is applied, the scar from it is almost invisible. Our center of modern phlebology has a narrow specialization in the treatment of vein diseases. Considering our many years of experience and high skill, we can confidently speak about successful results in the treatment of diseases.

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Questions from users on our website about ascending thrombophlebitis

There is a genetically determined risk of blood clots during strip surgery and HRT, the diagnosis of acquired thrombophilia is in question. Is sclerotherapy possible?
In our city, I was refused, citing a high degree of risk. Thanks
Doctor's answer:
Hello! Yes, it is possible. Thrombophilia is not an absolute contraindication for sclerotherapy. It all depends on the scale and nature of the manifestations for which this manipulation will be performed (there are many options for sclerotherapy). This can be assessed by a specialist who has more complete information about the goals of sclerotherapy and about your history. On the basis of everything, a decision is made on the advisability of sclerotherapy.
How dangerous is the diagnosis: subacute ascending thrombophlebitis of the GSV and tributaries on the right leg, embolism (free head segment 15 cm)
Doctor's answer:
Hello! It all depends on the nature of the thrombus and the level of thrombophlebitis (how close the upper border of the thrombus is to the saphenofemoral fistula). The above criteria make it possible to assess the risk of developing pulmonary embolism and make a decision on emergency surgical treatment in order to prevent this complication (we are talking about ligation of the orifice of the GSV).
Is thrombophlebitis common after sclerotherapy? I read on the Internet that this happens when a sclerosant comes in contact with blood. Now I'm scared for sclerotherapy
go. Thanks for the answer
Doctor's answer:
Hello. The effect of sclerotherapy is based on chemical damage to the vein wall by the drug, which leads to its inflammation (which is thrombophlebitis) and further to complete resorption. The larger the diameter of the vein, the more pronounced the phenomena of inflammation (thrombophlebitis), which are subsequently resolved without a trace. Currently, sclerotherapy in most cases is used to eliminate the so-called "aesthetic varicose veins", that is, it is aimed at eliminating intradermal veins of small diameter, therefore, specially caused inflammation of the vein wall is not fraught with complications.
Is this ACUTE ASCENDING THROMBOPHLEBITIS? Ultrasound: RIGHT EVERYTHING IS EXCELLENT. left leg: SPS: minimally expanded when straining. Fistula valves
minimal deficiency. GSV: not expanded. The move is straight. The sensor is compressed completely. Permeability: passable. On the inside, in the area of the knee joint, varicose veins are thickened, compressible, and passable. CONCLUSION: Varicose transformation of the veins of the left NK. hvn. is this ACUTE ASCENDING THROMBOPHLEBITIS? Do I need surgery, or can I be treated with drugs? thanks in advance.
Doctor's answer:
Hello! Thickened walls in the area of varicose veins are indirect signs that earlier in this area there was phlebitis (inflammation of the venous wall). Given the presence of varicose veins from your words, it is possible that ultrasound underestimated the degree of hemodynamic disturbance. It is recommended to consult with a phlebologist.
HELLO, DOCTOR. Thrombophlebitis right salted vein thrombosis. Please tell me if you can operate
Doctor's answer:
Hello! We do not understand the essence of your question. If we are talking about the need for surgery for popliteal vein thrombosis, then no, due to the ongoing anticoagulant therapy, a good treatment effect is noted. If we are talking about whether thrombosis of the popliteal vein is a contraindication for some other operation, then it depends on the volume of the planned operation, the presence or absence of flotation of the top of the thrombus in the popliteal vein.

A unique case of treatment of acute thrombophlebitis of the GSV on the right thigh using the Biolitec EVLT procedure with a 2-Ring radial light guide.

Case history No. 4. (Patient B., 59 years old)

This case report presents a unique case of the treatment of acute ascending thrombophlebitis in the GSV pool on the right thigh using the EVLT endovenous laser coagulation procedure. Biolitec radial light guide 2- ring and simultaneous endovenous laser coagulation EVLT Biolitec GSV trunk on the left with a radial light guide classic after a previous acute thrombophlebitis.

Consultation and examination by a phlebologist

A 59-year-old man turned to the innovative phlebological center with complaints of redness and painful induration on the inner surface of the right thigh, which very quickly increased in size and spread up the thigh.

Disease history: varicose veins on both lower extremities appeared more than 25 years ago. Gradually they increased in size. I did not go to the polyclinic surgeon, because nothing hurt and “nothing bothered me at all”.

In 2000, due to acute ascending thrombophlebitis of the great saphenous vein on the left lower limb, he was operated on in the surgical department of the city hospital. An emergency operation was performed: left crossectomy (ligation of the GSV at its confluence with the deep femoral vein). The postoperative period proceeded smoothly. The inflammation gradually subsided, and the patient was discharged under the supervision of a polyclinic surgeon with further recommendations: surgical treatment of "combined phlebectomy under general anesthesia" of both lower extremities in a planned manner, after complete resorption of thrombotic masses . However, after being discharged from the hospital, the patient safely forgot about all the recommendations of the doctors, since again “nothing bothered”.

About 2 days ago there was a slight soreness and redness on the inner surface of the already right thigh. He came to me for examination and treatment.

Acute ascending thrombophlebitis in the basin of the great saphenous vein on the right thigh

Inspection: on the inner surface of the right thigh, from the middle third to the area of the knee joint, the skin is sharply hyperemic, on palpation a dense, painful cord of the thrombosed great saphenous vein is determined.

Ultrasound of the veins of the lower extremities:

The deep veins of both lower extremities are completely passable, the blood flow is phasic, and no signs of the presence of blood clots were found in them.

On right: there is a pronounced varicose transformation of the great saphenous vein throughout. The diameter of the great saphenous vein in the area of the saphenofemoral fistula is 28 mm, then the trunk on the thigh up to the middle third has a rectilinear course, with a diameter of 14-18 mm. From the middle third of the thigh to the area of the knee joint, the trunk of the GSV was filled with dense thrombi, no signs of flotation were detected, and the blood flow in this area was not located. The valves of the SPS and the trunk of the BPV are not consistent.

Left: GSV trunk stump is not determined – crossectomy (2000). Below the inguinal fold, at a distance of 10 cm, a varicose GSV trunk is located, up to 8 mm in diameter, with dense walls and parietal thrombus masses. A good blood flow is determined in the lumen of the vein. The valves of the BPV trunk are not well-founded.

Clinical diagnosis:

Acute ascending thrombophlebitis of the trunk of the great saphenous vein on the right thigh. Condition after crossectomy on the left (due to acute ascending thrombophlebitis of the GSV in 2000) Varicose veins. Varicose veins of both lower extremities, in the stage of decompensation. Chronic venous insufficiency stage II.

Treatment:

After preoperative preparation, urgently , the patient under local anesthesia and under the cover of low molecular weight heparins underwent endovenous laser coagulation of the trunk of the great saphenous vein on the right using Biolitek technology with a radial light guide 2- ring (above the thrombus level) c miniphlebectomy according to Varadi of the trunk of the GSV and varicose tributaries on the legs and endovenous laser coagulation of the trunk of the great saphenous vein on the left using Biolitek technology with a radial light guide classic c miniphlebectomy according to Varadi of varicose tributaries on the lower leg .

Immediately eliminated:

the threat of further spread of the inflammatory process to other veins,
risk of blood clots entering the deep venous system
the threat of thrombophlebitis on the other lower limb
the threat of development of thromboembolic complications (TELA).

Procedure EVLK Biolitek on both lower extremities was 1 hour 30 minutes, after which the patient was wearing a compression stocking of compression class II, and it was recommended after discharge to walk on his own for 1 hour on the street.

Control examination and ultrasound:

The next day when viewing: inflammation and pain decreased. Didn't take painkillers. Slept well at night.

USDS:

The trunk of the great saphenous vein to the right of the sapheno-femoral fistula to the middle third of the thigh (upper edge of the thrombus) was completely obliterated.

The trunk of the great saphenous vein on the left thigh was completely obliterated.

The blood flow in the obliterated trunks of the GSV is not determined.

The results of the treatment of acute thrombophlebitis after 2 weeks

Acute thrombophlebitis of the right lower extremity after the Biolitec EVLK procedure with a 2-Ring radial light guide on the 14th day.

The presented images clearly show that the inflammation phenomena have practically disappeared, the thrombosed great saphenous vein on the right side of the thigh is resolving.

On examination: changes in the skin and subcutaneous tissue are fully consistent with the transferred procedures. The inflammation subsided: hyperemia on the skin disappeared, the thrombosed trunk of the GSV is palpable in the form of a dense, painless cord. Varicose veins and nodes on both legs are not visualized.

USDS: the deep veins of the right lower limb are passable, the blood flow is phasic, synchronized with the act of breathing.

The trunk of the great saphenous vein to the right of the saphenofemoral fistula to the area of the knee joint is completely obliterated, decreased in diameter by 2-3 times.

The trunk of the great saphenous vein on the left thigh is completely obliterated, in some areas it is not located. The blood flow in the obliterated trunks of the GSV is not determined.

The results of the treatment of acute thrombophlebitis after 1 month

Acute thrombophlebitis of the right lower limb after EVLK Biolitec procedure with a 2-Ring radial light guide in 1 month

The pictures clearly show that the inflammation has completely disappeared, the thrombosed great saphenous vein on the right thigh is not visualized.

The patient is healthy and discharged under the supervision of a phlebologist. The next examination at the innovative phlebological center will arrive in 2 months.

Conclusion:

This clinical case once again demonstrates the possibility of treating patients with acute ascending thrombophlebitis with endovascular thermal ablation methods without resorting to unnecessary and traumatic surgical interventions.

In just 90 minutes, serious problems were solved at once:

Eliminated the threat of further spread of the inflammatory process to nearby veins
Eliminated the threat of thrombotic masses entering the deep venous system
Eliminated the threat of separation of blood clots with subsequent development of pulmonary embolism (PE)
Eliminated the threat of recurrent thrombophlebitis in the other lower limb
Removed varicose veins and varicose veins on both lower extremities.

Ascending thrombophlebitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the walls of the veins. As a consequence of the development of this pathology, blood clots will form in the veins, leading to blockage and the occurrence of more serious complications and problems.

Signs of ascending thrombophlebitis

Signs of pathology depend on the form of the disease. Damage to the veins of the lower extremities can be both acute and chronic.

Acute ascending thrombophlebitis is a pathology that is often diagnosed in the practice of doctors, but it is it that poses a serious threat to the patient and his health in the form of many dangerous complications and consequences. When diagnosing acute ascending thrombophlebitis, there is a risk of the inflammatory process moving to deeper levels, affecting the large veins of the legs, as well as the development of thromboembolism affecting the pulmonary artery.

For the acute form of ascending thrombophlebitis, the following symptoms are characteristic:

Pain and swelling, hyperemia are all signs of an inflammatory process.
An increase in the patient's body temperature to 38.5-39 degrees and a feeling of chills and heat, which alternate each other.
Weakness and general malaise, a distinct palpation at the site of damage to the vein of thrombus infiltrate with its clear differentiation.
The appearance of varicose veins on the surface of the legs and pain when walking.
An increase in the size of the lymph nodes in the groin area.

With regard to the chronic form of ascending thrombophlebitis, the pathology can proceed latently without signs. But with a confluence of certain factors, it will manifest itself with almost the same symptoms as in the acute form of ascending thrombophlebitis. Most often, these are attacks of pain, aggravated by walking, swelling of the legs and the skin acquires a reddish tint.

Causes of pathology

The reasons for the development of ascending thrombophlebitis can be:

Diagnosis of a patient with deep vein thrombosis and hereditary predisposition.
Varicose veins and tuberculosis.
Malignant neoplasms and changes in the composition of the blood, in particular its thickening and stagnation.
Overweight and pregnancy, surgery and frequent administration of drugs intravenously.
Sedentary lifestyle and sedentary work.

Risk group

In this matter, physicians distinguish a certain group of patients who are most susceptible to damage by such a disease as ascending thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the lower extremities. In particular, we are talking about the following categories of the population:

People who lead an inactive lifestyle, spending most of their time in a sitting position.
Patients who have previously undergone surgery of any complexity and nature, and therefore are forced to stay in a horizontal position for a long time, observing bed rest.
If the patient is diagnosed with varicose veins or everyone who has antiphospholipid syndrome.
A pregnant woman, who has the greatest risk, the likelihood of developing ascending thrombophlebitis occurs precisely during the period of delivery, with labor attempts.
Anyone who is overweight and a certain degree of obesity.

Principles of treatment

Treatment of ascending thrombophlebitis takes place in a complex, and includes both conservative methods and surgical intervention. In most cases, doctors prescribe exactly conservative treatment, but only if the superficial veins of the legs are affected. However, in case of damage to the large, as well as small mobile veins, only surgery is prescribed. The goal of surgery is to stop the pathological, destructive process that can affect the deep veins that run through the thighs.

But self-treatment of ascending thrombophlebitis is complex, and consists of the following points:

After the diagnosis and examination, the patient is placed in a hospital, he is prescribed a strict bed rest.
Throughout the course, the patient's legs should be in a constant elevated state, on a hill, and in order to fix the blood clot, elastic bandages are used.
The doctor prescribes a course of taking drugs classified in their composition to the group of anticoagulants and phlebotonics, as well as a course of anti-inflammatory therapy with medication.
In addition to tablets, preparations for external treatment of the legs are also prescribed - ointments and gels, which include heparin.
In some situations, according to the indications of the attending physician - UHF therapeutic course of procedures.

In the case of the development of ascending thrombophlebitis, affecting the large and small saphenous veins, in which the thrombus has spread above the mid-thigh level, surgical intervention is indicated.

Treatment of an acute form of pathology

In the treatment of the acute form of ascending thrombophlebitis, the general condition of the vascular network of the legs, the location of the thrombus itself, and also where the affected vein is located are of no small importance. According to medical practice, most of them carry out complex treatment, using conservative and local therapeutic methods.

The latter includes activities such as:

Applying ointments for external use, which include heparin - they allow you to strengthen the walls of blood vessels.
Cold and alcohol compresses, with obligatory fixation of the legs with elastic bands.
A course of drugs that can stabilize blood flow through the vascular network, leg veins.
Taking medications assigned to the inhibitory group, as well as painkillers.

After the acute form of ascending thrombophlebitis, the inflammatory process itself, has been stopped, the condition of the veins will be maintained with the help of certain physiotherapeutic procedures. These can be heating with UHF, treatment with a solar lamp. After a course of therapy, the patient is shown rigid fixation of the veins with bandages, and a course of taking phlebodynamic drugs is also prescribed.

When is surgery indicated?

On the issue of performing an operation as a method of treating ascending thrombophlebitis, it is indicated in the case of:

Dissolution of an occluding thrombus.
If there is a high probability of developing a pulmonary embolism.
The defeat of the mobile veins, as well as the location of the thrombus and occlusion of the vein above the average level of the thigh.

Most often, surgery is performed using a laser. In this case, the wall of the affected vessel warms up above the level of the thrombus, blockage. A crossectomy is also performed - in this case, there is a ligation of the vessel.

Preventive measures

With regard to preventive measures, all patients who are at risk should adhere to certain rules and recommendations. In particular, patients are advised to:

Lead an active lifestyle, and if the work is sedentary, get up every hour and do a 5-minute warm-up for the legs.
Regularly, in the morning, perform a set of special exercises for the legs, and if you forget or do not have the opportunity to do exercises regularly, walk more.
Take vitamins regularly, special tinctures, such as St. John's wort, juices and fruit drinks, in particular cranberry, which will strengthen blood vessels, helping to maintain their tone.
Visit baths and saunas less - high temperatures do not have the best effect on the condition of the veins and their walls.
Try to wear comfortable shoes with orthopedic insoles and low heels.
Walk regularly in compression underwear, which will support the walls of the veins and blood vessels.

Do not forget about proper and nutritious nutrition, rich in vitamins and useful macro- and microelements, giving preference to pickles and smoked foods, fried foods to a lesser extent. Smoking and drinking alcohol are not the best habits that affect the state of blood vessels and should be abandoned.

Thrombophlebitis of the saphenous veins

What is subcutaneous vein thrombophlebitis?

Thrombophlebitis of the saphenous veins of the lower extremities or superficial thrombophlebitis is a disease in which blood clots appear in the lumen of the saphenous veins. Since the veins are located close to the skin, this phenomenon is accompanied by inflammation - redness of the skin, pain, local swelling.

In fact, thrombophlebitis of the saphenous vein is a "double" disease. Because, firstly, the venous walls themselves become inflamed. And secondly, a blood clot is formed in the vein - a thrombus.

Superficial thrombophlebitis in the vast majority of cases manifests itself as an acute disease.

More often, varicose-transformed tributaries of the large (and / or small) saphenous vein, as well as perforating veins, are thrombosed. But if untreated, thrombosis extends to the great (small) saphenous vein itself, and further to the deep veins.

Causes of thrombophlebitis of superficial veins

The cause of any thrombosis is a combination of three factors:

change in the configuration of the vein (for example, varicose transformation) and, as a result, "swirls" of blood in the lumen of the vessel;
"thickening" of the blood - a tendency (hereditary or acquired) to thrombosis;
damage to the vein wall (injection, trauma, etc.).

The main and most common cause of superficial thrombophlebitis is varicose veins. Also, the most common risk factors are:

genetic predisposition;
pregnancy and childbirth;
obesity, hypodynamia;
endocrine and oncological diseases.

Superficial thrombophlebitis: symptoms and manifestations

In the initial stages, superficial thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities may not be very noticeable in the manifestations. Slight reddening of the skin, burning, insignificant swelling - many patients simply do not pay attention to all this. But the clinical picture changes very quickly, and signs of thrombophlebitis of superficial veins become noticeable and very uncomfortable:

the appearance of "nodules" and seals in the vein;
edema;
sharp pain;
local increase in temperature;
discoloration of the skin in the area of the inflamed vein.

Treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis

For the treatment of thrombophlebitis of superficial veins, different methods and their combinations are used.

More often it can be conservative treatment:

compression therapy - wearing compression stockings, special elastic bandaging;
taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs;
locally, in the area of inflammation - cold;
according to indications - taking drugs that "thinn" the blood.

Emergency surgical treatment of acute thrombophlebitis of the saphenous veins is prescribed, as a rule, in cases where thrombosis does not affect the tributaries, but directly the large or small saphenous veins. So, with ascending thrombophlebitis of a large or small saphenous vein, the trunk of the main saphenous vein is thrombosed directly. With the spread of thrombosis of the great saphenous vein to the thigh, thrombophlebitis is considered ascending. For the small saphenous vein, this is the middle and upper third of the lower leg.

In this case (if technically possible), either endovenous laser obliteration or crossectomy is used - ligation of the large (small) saphenous vein along with its tributaries.

If ascending thrombophlebitis has already led to the penetration of a blood clot into deep veins, this is fraught with the occurrence of pulmonary embolism - separation of a blood clot and blockage of the pulmonary artery. This situation occurs when thrombosis spreads from the saphenous veins into the deep (“muscular”) veins.

In this situation (if technically possible), a thrombus is removed from the deep veins and a crossectomy is performed - ligation of the saphenous vein at the mouth.

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Thrombosis of the GSV

Thrombosis of the great saphenous vein or in contraction cvp thrombosis- occurs very often with varicose veins of the saphenous veins of the lower extremities. A clot forms in the great saphenous vein, which blocks the flow of blood. Blood begins to collect in a certain area and fill the vein.

Causes of thrombosis of the great saphenous vein

Cause thrombosis bvp most often is the expansion of the veins and their deformation. Blood begins to circulate more slowly and forms clots that clog the vein. There are several factors contributing to the formation of this disease:

Age. Often the disease occurs in people over 60 years of age;

Obesity. Excess weight is a heavy physical burden for the body. The person is inactive, the blood begins to circulate more slowly and becomes thicker. As a result, blood clots form in the vessels and veins;

Long bed rest;

Serious injuries, due to which a person cannot move normally for a long time;

Operations performed in the region of the lower extremities and pelvis;

Pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period;

The tendency of the body to thrombosis. This is a congenital disease;

Long-term use of hormonal drugs.

A varicose thrombus can form anywhere in the saphenous vein, very often in the thighs and lower legs. The great saphenous vein is affected by blood clots along with tributaries. The result of thrombosis can be different. In rare cases, it resolves on its own or after therapy. It also happens that a thrombus begins to germinate with connective tissues and resolves, destroying the valvular apparatus of the vein. In some cases, the thrombus completely clogs the vein, causing sclerosis as a result, or the thrombus gradually grows in size, becomes larger. This result of the disease is the most unfavorable, because such thrombosis turns into thrombophlebitis and can spread to the deep venous system, causing pulmonary thromboembolism, a serious illness that very often ends in death.

Signs of the disease

It often happens that thrombosis of the great saphenous vein manifests itself unexpectedly. But there are also classic signs of the disease:

Sharp pain when probing a sore spot;

Redness in the area of the modified vein;

Feeling of heaviness in the affected area;

Injury in the area of the veins;

Viral diseases such as the flu.

Symptoms depend on the location of the thrombus, the complexity and neglect of the process. Basically, the patient does not feel bad. He has slight pains and heaviness in the legs, especially when walking, sometimes feeling a little unwell, which is expressed by weakness, chills and a slight increase in temperature. But, in general, there are no serious complaints. The most important thing is to determine the exact location of the thrombus. It should also be taken into account that if thrombosis begins to spread to the area of the popliteal vein, this process often does not have any symptoms, since the thrombosis is floating. Therefore, when diagnosing, it is better to use the instrumental method.

Treatment depends on the location of the thrombus. But in any case, the disease is serious, and the patient must be under the supervision of doctors and lie in the hospital. But strict bed rest is not provided. Only for those who have relapses of the disease. You can move, you can not run, lift weights, play sports and various types of physical activity.

The most important thing in the treatment process is to prevent the spread of thrombosis as soon as possible. Treatment must be very effective so that there is no subsequent recurrence or thrombosis in other areas. Before prescribing treatment, it is necessary to take into account the place, part of the body on which thrombosis of the great saphenous vein has formed. You can combine several treatment methods, if necessary.

If thrombophlebitis occurs in a mild form, you can get by with medication and compresses. It is imperative to apply a bandage of an elastic bandage or golf on the affected limb. If the disease is in the acute phase, bandages can cause discomfort. If a blood clot in a vein grows in size, an operation is urgently needed. After the operation, you must follow the instructions of the doctor. Our clinic will help you recover and completely get rid of the disease. We will do our best to make you healthy and happy again!

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Endovasal laser coagulation of veins. 1st category of difficulty. including anesthesia allowance (local anesthesia).

The course of lymphopressotherapy 10 procedures. Accepted Phlebologist Candidate of Medical Sciences

The reception is carried out by a surgeon of the highest category, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Komrakov. V.E.

A single session of sclerotherapy within the entire lower limb (foam sclerotherapy, microsclerotherapy).

Varicose veins, blood clots, valvular insufficiency, swelling in the legs

All this is a reason to perform an ultrasound of the veins of the lower extremities

and consult with a phlebologist.

Lymphopressotherapy is indicated for

edema of the lower extremities, lymphostasis.

It is also used for cosmetic purposes.

Thrombosis of the great saphenous vein

Varicose veins are a rather serious disease that cannot be ignored. Varicose veins are formed in the lower extremities and affect the deep saphenous veins. Gradually, the blood fills the veins, because of which they become less elastic and lengthen, knots form, the valves in the vessels begin to work poorly and cannot normally push the blood up to the heart.

This disease occurs for the following reasons:

High venous pressure due to a sedentary lifestyle;

The female gender, since most often this disease occurs in women. Women often wear high heels, wear uncomfortable shoes, carry children and give birth. All this contributes to the appearance of diseases of the veins;

Heredity. If someone in the family already has varicose veins, the disease can be inherited by the younger generation;

Heavy physical activity. Gradually, the blood begins to linger in the lower extremities, normal blood circulation is disturbed. Instead of rising up towards the heart, the blood stays in the legs and gradually accumulates in the veins.

Symptoms of varicose veins

Symptoms include:

Heaviness in the legs;

Bursting pains in the calf area;

Leg cramps;

Veins overflowing with blood become visible through the skin, they are twisted, blue in color.

If varicose veins are ignored and not treated, serious complications often begin - the formation of thrombosis in the area of the great saphenous vein. Thrombosis is the formation of blood clots in the veins and vessels. Blood clots attach to the walls of blood vessels and interfere with blood flow. Gradually, there are more and more blood clots, and they can finally block the lumen of the vessel. Blood clots come in various shapes, there are also long ones, similar to leeches, they hold on to the wall of the vessel with only one part, the rest is in free movement. At any moment, such a blood clot can break off and enter large veins or arteries with blood. This is dangerous, because often blood clots clog the arteries of the lungs, the patient develops respiratory failure, pulmonary thromboembolism. It happens that such a disease ends in the death of a person. Symptoms thrombosis of the great saphenous vein the following:

Pain in the legs, especially in the area of the vein affected by blood clots. There is pain even when the legs are at rest, and when probing;

Overflow of a vein with blood;

You can feel blood clots in the vein;

Often the process of the disease begins in the upper region of the lower leg and gradually, and sometimes very quickly, in just a few hours, begins to spread to the region of the great saphenous vein. It happens that the causes of thrombosis are blood clots that have come off the walls of blood vessels and penetrated into the great saphenous vein with blood. A sick person needs the help of a specialist, so you can’t hesitate, you definitely need to contact a phlebologist - a doctor who diagnoses diseases of the veins and blood vessels. He will examine the affected limb and after the diagnosis will be able to prescribe an effective treatment. Often thrombosis of the great saphenous vein urgently operate, removing diseased veins and blood clots. Gradually, blood circulation improves, and blood can move normally through the veins.

After the operation, the patient must wear an elastic bandage, especially if he needs to walk somewhere. You always need to monitor the veins of the legs, take care of your health, do special exercises for prevention, it is advisable to raise your legs up after each busy day and lie in this position for a while, this helps blood circulate better. It is useful to swim, run short distances. If a person is forced to constantly be in one position at work, standing or sitting, after work you can walk on foot, instead of traveling by transport. For any indicators indicating problems with the veins, you need to be examined by a doctor. After all, the earlier the disease is detected, the easier it is to cure it without surgery with the help of medicines. Come to our clinic! Our doctors will help you cope with thrombosis, if necessary, they will perform an operation, after which your legs will be healthy again.