Discomfort in the throat, hyperemia of the oropharyngeal mucosa and fever are clear signs of the development of septic inflammation in the airways. If it hurts a child to swallow, be sure to consult a pediatrician. Discomfort in the throat, hyperemia of the oropharyngeal mucosa and fever are clear signs of the development of septic inflammation in the airways. If it hurts a child to swallow, be sure to consult a pediatrician. In the event of pathological symptoms, it is necessary to exclude dangerous viral diseases such as diphtheria, purulent tonsillitis and mumps.
The main task of the therapy of ENT diseases is to suppress the activity of pathogens in the foci of inflammation.
To prevent serious complications and stop catarrhal processes, drugs of etiotropic action are used, which are aimed at destroying infectious agents.
It is possible to alleviate the course of the disease with the help of palliative agents, i.e. anti-inflammatory, local anesthetic, antihistamines and decongestants.
Causes
What to do if a child has discomfort when swallowing saliva? Sore throat and sore throat in most cases are caused by the development of diseases of an infectious and allergic nature. It is possible to determine the optimal treatment regimen only after clarifying the main cause of inflammation of the mucous membrane of the oropharynx. Due to the practical absence of active adaptive (specific) immunity, children suffer from respiratory diseases much more often than adults.
The following types of ENT pathologies can provoke inflammation of the respiratory system in a child:
- pharyngitis;
- flu;
- diphtheria;
- epiglottitis;
- scarlet fever;
- oropharyngeal candidiasis;
- laryngitis;
- tracheitis;
- angina;
- measles;
- allergy.
The choice of drugs of etiotropic action depends on the nature of the causative agent of the infection. Antiviral drugs are used to treat viral diseases. Taking antibiotics will be relevant only in the case of the development of microbial flora in the ENT organs. If the symptoms of the disease indicate the allergic nature of the inflammation, antihistamines will allow to stop the pathological processes in the throat.
Determination of the type of disease
What should be the treatment for inflammatory reactions in the mucous membrane of the throat? It is possible to accurately determine the type of infectious agent by conducting a bacterial culture from the pharynx. That is why it is very important, when the first signs of a disease appear, to seek help from a qualified specialist.
In the case of a typical course of ENT disease, the etiological factors of sore throat can be established by concomitant symptoms:
| Type of inflammation | Leading clinical manifestations |
| viral |
|
| microbial |
|
| fungal |
|
| allergic |
|
Important! Some ENT diseases proceed in an atypical form, therefore, only a specialist can accurately determine the type of pathology after examining the patient.
Types of pharmacotherapy
Treatment of inflammatory processes in the throat with pharmacological agents (medications) refers to non-invasive methods of therapy. Depending on the causes of the development of the disease, the presence of complications and the nature of the inflammation, various methods of drug treatment can be used, namely:
- etiotropic therapy is one of the most effective methods of treatment aimed at eliminating the cause of the development of pathological processes in the ENT organs; medicines of etiotropic action include antimycotics (antifungal agents), antibiotics, antiviral drugs, etc .;
- pathogenetic therapy - aimed at eliminating the main mechanisms of the development of pathology; medicines in this category include antiphlogistic, antihistamines and psychotropic drugs;
- symptomatic therapy - aimed at stopping the clinical manifestations of ENT disease, but at the same time does not affect the mechanism of development of the pathology itself; palliative drugs include antipyretics, analgesics, decongestants and antitussives;
- substitution therapy - is used with a lack or complete absence of the necessary nutrients; substitution therapy drugs include vitamin and mineral complexes, interferon preparations, etc.;
- preventive therapy - is carried out in order to exclude recurrence of inflammation; preventive medicines include immunostimulants, antiviral and disinfectant medicines.
Important! Improper use of medications can cause the development of idiosyncrasy and allergies.
What to do if a child has a sore throat, painful swallowing? An integrated approach to resolving the issue allows you to speed up the healing process and prevent relapses of the disease. The use of symptomatic drugs does not prevent the development of pathogenic flora. Inadequate treatment of ENT diseases can aggravate the child's well-being and cause serious complications.
Traditional therapy methods
Therapy of infectious ENT pathologies should be comprehensive, pathogenetically and etiologically justified. When carrying out treatment, it is necessary to take into account all the pathological factors involved in the development of the inflammatory process. To speed up the healing process, it is necessary to use medications aimed at reducing the activity of pathogens, neutralizing their metabolites and increasing the resistance of the child's body.
As part of the conservative therapy of ENT diseases, the following treatment methods can be used:
- rinsing;
- compresses;
- inhalation;
- physiotherapy;
- medicines.
In the treatment of infectious patients, special attention should be paid to the diet.
A sore throat increases the risk of trauma to the mucous membranes from hard food particles. To prevent complications, while undergoing drug therapy, it is advisable to refrain from eating foods that irritate the ciliated epithelium - citrus fruits, spicy foods, hot drinks, etc.
Antibacterial drugs
How and with what to treat at home catarrhal and purulent inflammation in the oropharynx in a child? White plaque on the walls of the oropharynx, high fever, malaise, pain when swallowing and hypertrophy of the submandibular lymph nodes most often indicate a bacterial origin of the infection. Antimicrobial drugs can eliminate inflammation, which not only destroy bacteria, but also prevent subsequent intoxication of the body.
Antibiotics are used in the treatment of angina, sinusitis, paratonsillar abscess, epiglottitis, and streptococcal infection. Effective and safe medications include:
Important! When choosing antibiotics for children, preference should be given to rectal suppositories and oral suspensions.
Maintaining normal intestinal microflora is the basic rule that must be observed when carrying out antibiotic therapy in children. Antimicrobial drugs destroy not only disease-causing, but also beneficial bacteria in the intestine, which can lead to a decrease in the body's reactivity. To prevent complications and a decrease in immunity, you can use "Acidophilus", "Bifidumbacterin" or "Bifidok".
Antiviral drugs
How to treat colds in children? Antiviral drugs are used to treat diseases of viral etiology. There are at least 6 varieties of drugs, each of which is aimed at destroying certain strains of pathogens. In pediatric therapy, the following can be used to eliminate sore throat: anti-influenza drugs; antiherpetic drugs; broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.
For the treatment of children under the age of one year, drugs can be used that do not include toxicogenic components.
The safest medicines include:
- "Viferon" is an immunomodulatory and antiviral drug that increases the phagocytic activity of immunocompetent cells; inhibits the replication of virions, which helps to reduce the number of pathogens in the lesions;
- "Groprinosin" is a drug with antiviral and phagocytic action, which suppresses the production of RNA viruses, which helps to eliminate pathogens in the ENT organs;
- "Tsitovir-3" is an antiviral agent that has a stimulating effect on T-leukocytes, which leads to an increase in the body's resistance;
- "Amiksin" is a low molecular weight interferon inducer that increases the activity of neutrophils, granulocytes, phagocytes and other immunocompetent cells;
- "Remantadin" is an anti-viral drug that prevents the reproduction of viral RNA; increases the killer activity of antibodies against pathogenic viruses.
Not all antiviral agents are used in pediatric practice, therefore, when choosing medicines, you should consult your doctor.
How to eliminate discomfort in the throat if there is no temperature? The absence of hyperthermia may indicate regression or chronicity of inflammation. It is possible to relieve a sore throat when swallowing with the help of solution antiseptics, which help to destroy pathogens and epithelialize the affected tissues.
It should be noted that not all drugs are available in a concentration suitable for rinsing the oropharynx. Therefore, before using the solutions, you must read the instructions and, if necessary, dilute the drug with boiled or mineral water.
For sanitizing procedures, it is advisable to use the following types of antiseptics:
- "Hepilor" is an antiseptic and analgesic drug that has a pronounced antiviral and antibacterial activity;
- "Angilex" is an antiseptic solution of analgesic, antimicrobial and antiphlogistic action, which accelerates the regeneration of the affected tissues;
- "Rekutan" is a medicine with wound healing, anti-inflammatory and local anesthetic action; used to eliminate infectious foci of inflammation in the mucous membranes;
- Miramistin is an antiphlogistic antiseptic used in the treatment of otolaryngological and dental diseases;
- "Geksikon" is a solution antiseptic with an analgesic and wound healing effect, which destroys strains of anaerobic bacteria and viruses.
Important! Oropharyngeal debridement may result in aspiration of the drug solution, so consult your doctor before proceeding.
To achieve the necessary therapeutic results, rinsing must be performed at least 3 times a day. Before use, the solution must be warmed to room temperature to prevent local hypothermia of the affected tissues.
Throat sprays
If, after using systemic drugs, the child's throat continues to hurt, use anti-inflammatory and wound-healing local anesthetics. Extinguishing the oropharynx with solutions allows to increase the concentration of medicinal substances in the affected tissues, which contributes to the regression of pathological processes.
For the treatment of colds, the following types of aerosols are usually included in the pediatric therapy regimen:
- "Stopangin" is a complex preparation of antimycotic, antimicrobial and antiphlogistic action, which reduces pain sensitivity during inflammation of the mucous membranes of the oropharynx;
- "Ingalipt" is an aerosol of disinfecting and antiphlogistic action, which is used to treat tonsillitis, pharyngitis, stomatitis, etc .;
- "Cameton" is a combined preparation of local anesthetic, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing action; prevents the development of pathogens, accelerates tissue regeneration and increases local immunity;
- "Teraflu Lar" is an analgesic, antiseptic and decongestant spray that eliminates irritation of the mucous membranes of the throat.
You can relieve the symptoms of a respiratory illness with lozenges. They contain components of anti-inflammatory, disinfecting and analgesic action. For the treatment of children, drugs such as Travisil, Septolete, Faringosept, etc. can be used.
A child's throat can either get sore on its own or become a symptom of a specific disease. At the same time, a high temperature often rises. Read this article to find out what to do if your child has a sore throat and fever.
Why does the temperature rise?
If a child has a sore throat, this in itself already indicates the fact of an inflammatory process in the body. The child is most likely to have a viral infection. In this case, the temperature performs an important immune function - when it rises, the existence of the virus in the body becomes difficult.
Heat promotes the production of interferon proteins, without which the body will not be able to fight the foreign agent. It is interferons that perform the task of commanders that activate leukocytes and other "rapid response units" to fight.
In some cases, the child has a sore throat due to infection with bacteria or fungi. With such diseases, a high temperature is also a sign of the immune system, but already with pathogenic bacteria. It is not worth reducing the fever, which is at subfebrile values (37.0-37.5), with medications, because together with its decrease, the process of interferon production slows down, which means that recovery is also delayed.
Antipyretic drugs should be given to the child after the temperature "crosses" the 38.0-38.5 mark. The younger the child, the more promptly one should respond to a high temperature, because there is a high risk of febrile seizures. Heat at 39.0-40.0 degrees should be reduced immediately.
Possible diseases
An increased temperature almost always accompanies a sore throat - an inflammation of the palatine tonsil, which is officially called in medicine (acute tonsillitis). With her, the throat has characteristic visual signs - a reddened amygdala, plaque, the appearance of purulent or necrotic fragments is possible.
The thermometer will rise above 38.0 and with pharyngitis. Almost all ARVIs are associated with an increase in temperature. A temperature above 37.0 (and usually not higher than 38.0) occurs with bacterial infections, streptococcal sore throat, staphylococcal sore throat.
With a viral infection (which is more than 80% of all cases associated with fever and sore throat), antiviral drugs may be prescribed. However, today doctors believe that these drugs have no proven efficacy, and therefore their use is not justified. It is believed that the best treatment is no treatment in the broadest sense of the word. The child needs to create good conditions for activating his own immunity, then in 3-5 days he will be able to completely defeat the infection.
These conditions include cool air in a room with a relative humidity of at least 50%. A room thermometer and a special device - a humidifier - will help to create such a microclimate. If it is not there, you can place basins of water around the apartment; wet towels can be hung on the radiators during the heating season.
It is recommended to instill a saline solution into the nose as often as possible, which can be easily prepared from a teaspoon of salt and a liter of boiled water. You can also gargle with the same solution. This is necessary so that the mucus in the throat and nasopharynx, which in a liquid state has an important antiviral effect, does not thicken and dry out.
- Treat a child with folk remedies it is possible only with the permission of the doctor, because some of the advice of "healers" can harm the baby. It is worth completely abandoning the use of honey rinses if the child is not 3 years old. Herbal decoctions for rinsing should not be given to children with allergies. Bad advice can also include advice to soar your legs, pour mustard into your socks and rub your chest and neck with badger fat.
- If a child with a high temperature is wiped off with cold water(with or without vinegar), as well as vodka or other alcohol-containing agent, then the heat transfer process is disrupted, which is fraught with vascular spasms, loss of consciousness, and the occurrence of seizures. This should not be done.
- Warming compresses on the throat do not apply at temperature, since heating increases the inflammatory process.
- Do not inhale, since in the heat they are categorically contraindicated, and after a decrease in temperature, they are practically useless. Inhalation can be done with the permission of a doctor, for diseases of the lower respiratory system - bronchi and lungs. In the treatment of red throat, neither steam nor ultrasonic inhalers are needed. This also applies to nebulizers.
- During treatment for a sore throat, the child may refuse to eat., to force him to eat by force in no case. If he himself asks to eat, then the dishes should be chopped with a blender so that they are all soft, puree, not traumatizing a sore throat.
When a child has a sore throat and a fever, many parents experience real stress: how to help the baby cope with an illness, does his bad health hide behind dangerous illnesses, what symptoms indicate that it is time to go to the doctor?
Each parent should know what the symptoms of various diseases are talking about in order to provide the necessary and useful help even before the visit to the doctor.
And for this you need to figure out why the temperature rises, under what pathologies the throat is inflamed, what treatment the doctor will probably prescribe, and what first aid measures will be useful for a sick baby, and which, on the contrary, are dangerous.
Why does the temperature rise
The rise in body temperature is a natural reaction of the immune system to the presence of pathogenic microflora in the body.
A sore throat is a consequence of the multiplication of microbes on the mucous membrane, and in order to get rid of them, the immune system provokes an increase in body temperature and an improvement in blood flow.
Thus, special cells of the immune system - antibodies, which destroy bacteria and contribute to a quick recovery - come to the site of inflammation faster.
The rise in temperature has disadvantages, the main one of which is the pronounced malaise of a person. Fever is usually more severe for a child than for an adult.
However, one should not rush to bring down the temperature with the help of antipyretic drugs, it is important to give the body the opportunity to fight the infection on its own using the immune system.
Another negative side of an increase in temperature is the occurrence of edema on the mucous membrane along with inflammation.
In medicine, this phenomenon is called effusion, that is, part of the fluid from the bloodstream enters the intervascular space as a result of increased vascular permeability. This is usually not life-threatening for the child.
But if the laryngeal edema resulting from fever interferes with the normal breathing process, the temperature can and should be normalized with special means.
Possible diseases
High fever and sore throat when swallowing are symptoms characteristic of a whole list of diseases. And it is important for each parent to know at least the main ones in order to understand how to properly provide first aid to a child.
- Angina is an inflammatory process of bacterial origin, localized in the area of the palatine tonsils. When viewed from the throat, you can see a dense white bloom or white specks of pus on the tonsils. The temperature with angina often rises above 38 degrees, hence a pronounced intoxication of the body follows: the child complains of nausea, headache, and in children under 3 years of age, abdominal pain may occur.
Angina can be called one of the most dangerous common diseases. With improper or untimely treatment, it can cause complications from the immune system, the work of the heart, kidneys and joints.
Therefore, if a child has a proud pain and a temperature of 38 degrees and above, you should immediately consult a doctor and start antibiotic therapy.
- Scarlet fever is a viral disease that is easy to diagnose due to a small red rash all over the body. On the cheeks of a sick child, as a rule, there is a pronounced blush.
- Pharyngitis is an inflammatory process on the mucous membrane of the back of the larynx, in most cases caused by a viral rather than bacterial infection. A sore throat in a sick child is not very pronounced, more often he complains of perspiration and discomfort when swallowing. If the child has a sore throat and the temperature is 37 or slightly higher, the pharynx is without white plaque, the lymph nodes are not enlarged, we can talk about the presence of pharyngitis.
- Laryngitis is an inflammatory process localized in the tissues of the vocal cords and adjacent mucous membranes. The provocateur of the disease in most cases is bacteria. Laryngitis can be recognized by changing the voice or its complete absence, barking cough, sore throat. If the disease was not diagnosed on time, it can turn into laryngotracheitis, which is characterized by the above symptoms, plus breathing difficulties due to swelling of the airways.
Sore throat can occur as a result of the presence of a foreign body in the respiratory tract, allergic reactions, or even dry indoor air. But these reasons will not lead to an increase in body temperature.
Parental actions
At the first complaints of the child about feeling unwell and sore throat, the parent should take the following actions:
- examine the condition of the child's throat at a temperature, determine if there is redness or plaque on the mucous membrane;
- examine the patient's body for a rash;
- measure the temperature of the child;
After that, it is necessary to consult a pediatrician as soon as possible, informing him of all the signs and symptoms identified. The presence of a high temperature in a small patient is a reason to call a doctor at home.
In the event that a child has the following symptoms, it is necessary to immediately call an ambulance service.
- Regardless of how badly the child's throat hurts, the temperature is 39 degrees, which does not decrease after taking antipyretic drugs;
- swelling of the neck;
- labored breathing;
- loss of consciousness;
- convulsions.
First aid
Prior to the arrival of the doctor, the parent must provide the child with first aid, which usually consists of the following.
- In case of pathology, accompanied by fever and sore throat, it is very important to provide the body with maximum rest. Therefore, the child needs to be put to bed. If he refuses to do this, it is necessary to captivate him with any non-tiring activities, for example, turn on a cartoon or read a fairy tale.
- Drinking regimen is the most important condition not only for a quick recovery, but also for alleviating the patient's condition, because water removes toxins that accumulate in the body as a result of the death of pathogenic microflora. It is these toxins that cause most of the unpleasant symptoms that the patient experiences. Drinking is given in a warm state, you should not offer the sick baby excessively hot or cold drinks. You should also refuse those drinks that irritate the inflamed mucous membrane of the pharynx, for example: sour fruit juices or fruit drinks. It is better to give preference to warm tea with raspberries or honey, compotes, water with lemon, rosehip broth. You need to drink in small sips or through a straw if it hurts the child to swallow.
- The issue of nutrition during illness is rarely relevant, since the sick child's appetite is often impaired, especially if he has a very high temperature. You should not force-feed a child, but it is important to understand that the body needs energy in order to fight pathogenic microorganisms and the resulting inflammation. Therefore, any food offered should be light and tasty. Fruits or fruit purees, cereals, yoghurts are suitable. It is important that food during illness is as healthy as possible, therefore, it is better to leave chocolate, pastries, confectionery and other products loved by the child until the moment of recovery.
- If the child has a temperature of 39 or higher, which causes severe discomfort, you can give him an antipyretic drug.
These measures help to improve both the physical and psychological state of the child while waiting for the doctor.
Parents should not take any other actions, since self-medication is not only dangerous for the child's health, but also negatively affects the accuracy of the diagnostic process.
Primary treatment
Treatment should be prescribed by the attending physician, after finding out why the child has a sore throat and a temperature above normal.
As a rule, diagnostic measures include examination, interviewing the child and the parent, taking a smear from the mucous membrane for bacterial culture and detecting sensitivity to antibiotics, and a clinical blood test.
Etiological treatment is prescribed depending on which pathology has been identified.
A bacterial infection can be recognized not only by analyzing a smear from the larynx, it can be assumed that it is present by severe intoxication and high temperature.
In this case, it is necessary to prescribe antibiotics to the child, for example, Amoxicillin. It will be possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug within 3 days after the start of treatment.
With a disease of viral genesis, etiological treatment, as a rule, is not required.
Existing antiviral drugs aimed at combating only a few types of viruses, and their effectiveness is noted only if the medication was started on the first day after the onset of the disease.
The efficacy of most antiviral drugs is still not proven, so the sick child is offered local and symptomatic treatment.
In the absence of pathology on the part of the immune system, the viral disease goes away on its own in 5-7 days.
Local therapy is aimed at reducing the severity of discomfort in the throat. To do this, appoint:
- rinsing the larynx with sea water, Miramistin and other rinsing solutions (rinsing is not prescribed for children under 4 years old);
- anti-inflammatory and analgesic throat sprays: Ingalipt (children under 3 years old are sprayed on the inside of the cheeks);
- lozenges for sucking: Lizobakt, Faringosept (children under 3 years of age are not prescribed);
- lubrication of the larynx with antiseptic drugs (Lugol);
- if necessary, antipyretic drugs are prescribed for children (Paracetamol, Ibuprofen).
It is possible to assess the correctness of the prescribed treatment within a few days after the start of therapy.
If the temperature has subsided and the sore throat has passed, the child is considered to be recovering. And despite the fact that he can already go for a walk on the street, until the moment of complete recovery, he needs to maintain a sparing regime.
If the symptoms of the disease persist, the treatment is adjusted, antibiotics and physiotherapy are prescribed. Hospitalization may be required.
Almost every parent has in his arsenal of practical methods of treatment, which he willingly applies if his child develops the first symptoms of a cold.
But you need to know that many well-known tips and tricks are not only obsolete, but also dangerous.
- Traditional medicine offers a wide variety of recipes to relieve sore throat and reduce fever. However, the effectiveness of herbal medicine has not yet been scientifically proven, and decoctions of herbs and other plants can cause an allergic reaction. The child's immune system is not fully formed, therefore, it is impossible to predict the reaction of his body with one hundred percent probability, to the most harmless, at first glance, recipe for alternative medicine.
- The method of normalizing the temperature by wiping the body with water or vodka has long been recognized as dangerous. The procedure entails a violation of the heat exchange process, as a result of which the child may lose consciousness.
- Hot compresses and mustard plasters, inhalations and foot baths are methods strictly prohibited at elevated body temperatures. Even with a subfebrile condition (an increase in body temperature within 37-37.9 °), warming up procedures can lead to heatstroke, and with a bacterial infection, accelerate the process of reproduction of pathogenic flora in the body.
A judicious approach to therapy almost always provides a favorable outcome, as a result of which the discomfort in the throat and fever quickly go away without any complications.
Sore throat with fever is the most common complaint of patients. As a rule, they indicate the introduction of an infection into the body.
The appearance of these symptoms should be alarming in any case, as a viral, bacterial, fungal, allergic or some other disease may develop. Therefore, in such cases it is necessary to call a doctor. Home treatment can be used as a temporary measure if the patient is in a satisfactory condition.
It is equally important to determine the cause of the rise in temperature, since it is its jump that most often indicates the nature of the disease that has arisen. It can appear abruptly, or it can creep up gradually. Trying to diagnose yourself on your own and start treatment without the help of a specialist is not worth it.
It is very important to identify what factors gave rise to the onset of the disease. Most often, hyperthermia is explained by an inflammatory process associated with the fight of immune cells with an invading infection.
When a temperature of 38 is observed and the head and throat hurt, most often pathogenic microorganisms become the cause.
Usually these are:
- staphylococcus;
- streptococcus;
- adenovirus;
- mycoplasma;
- enterovirus;
- chlamydia;
- meningococcus;
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
- bacillus Koch, etc.
These bacteria and viruses enter the body through the upper respiratory tract. After this, the disease develops. If untreated, it can invade new areas - bronchi, trachea, lungs.
All respiratory infections start in a similar way.
A person's temperature rises, very often there is a severe headache, he does not feel well. The patient refuses to eat, does not sleep well. Often all this is accompanied by faintness and general weakness.
What not to do for sore throat with fever
It is not worth trying to bring down the fever right away. It has a number of protective functions. Hyperthermia creates conditions unacceptable for the existence of bacteria and viruses, in which they die rather quickly.
Therefore, as a result of an increase in temperature, the infection stops spreading throughout the body.
Heat stimulates the production and release of interferon into the blood, which actively fights against pathogenic microflora and strengthens the immune system.
Flu
This viral disease occurs most often at the peak of the epidemic threshold. At the first signs of it, you need to see a doctor.
With this infection, there is:
- sore throat;
- temperature is about 37 degrees;
- joint aches;
- muscle pain;
- runny nose;
- migraine;
- intoxication;
- nausea.
These symptoms are caused by the body actively fighting the infection. The fact that a person has a sore throat and a temperature of 37 indicates that his immunity is in a satisfactory state and is able to resist the disease. Fever alone is not a major indicator of illness. The diagnosis can be made only by considering the entire clinical picture.
Therefore, it should not be knocked down, and if it is hard enough for the patient to endure hyperthermia, then it is better to drink more, take a shower more often, and ventilate the room.
It must be remembered that in conditions of a rise in temperature, dehydration of the body and thickening of the blood occurs. This creates an increased load on the heart, blood vessels and lungs.
Therefore, people with the corresponding pathology should consume a lot of fluids, as well as take medications prescribed by a doctor to treat their underlying diseases.
Self-medication of influenza patients is highly undesirable. It is worth remembering that the mortality rate from this disease in the world is 0.01-0.2%. On a national scale, these are large numbers. The main cause of death is complications arising after influenza infection. These complications can be avoided by starting treatment on time under the supervision of a doctor.
ARVI
This is a type of viral infection, much like the flu. The temperature often immediately jumps up to 38.5 degrees. The patient has a severe sore throat. It turns red, swells, it becomes difficult for a person to swallow. Often all this is accompanied by a runny nose.
This disease is characterized by general weakness, malaise, and nausea. A person develops a headache, joint aches, sometimes photophobia.
With ARVI, the patient usually feels very bad. He refuses to eat, does not want to get up, it is difficult for him to talk. This is due to the significant intoxication of his body with the products of cell decay and the vital activity of viruses.
Therefore, it is advisable for him to take herbal preparations that promote a diuretic effect, as well as increase sweating. The patient should consume at least two liters of warm or room temperature drinks per day. They will help remove toxins.
Bacterial throat diseases
Diseases caused by various infectious agents are numerous. These include:
- angina;
- laryngitis;
- pharyngitis;
- chickenpox;
- measles;
- scarlet fever;
- hepatitis;
- meningitis;
- Infectious mononucleosis;
- tetanus, etc.
These diseases vary dramatically in their symptoms. They are usually accompanied by respiratory manifestations, but other signs are added to them.
The temperature may rise very strongly, develop a strong cough, and enlarge the lymph nodes. Sometimes a rash occurs, the face swells, and the formation of a purulent plaque is observed in the throat.
The most common is angina. It is caused by streptococci or staphylococci. This disease develops very quickly and can lead to severe complications in the form of paratonsillar abscess, otitis media or rheumatism.
If the throat hurts and the temperature is 38, then in this case, close observation of the person is required. Therefore, if there is a suspicion of the occurrence of this infection, it is better not to treat yourself and immediately call a doctor. If the patient is in a satisfactory condition, it is necessary to go to an appointment with a therapist.
Related materials:
Temperature 38 and sore throat - treatment in adults
If the patient's state of health is severe or deteriorates sharply, it is necessary to call emergency help in the following cases:
- sore throat and painful to swallow to the point where you cannot swallow saliva;
- when breathing, the patient has a whistling sound;
- cough with a characteristic barking sound (whooping cough is suspected);
- similar symptoms have occurred in a child under 6 months of age.
In other cases, it will be enough to consult a doctor for a more precise diagnosis and subsequent therapy. If the doctor detects influenza, SARS or sore throat, then most often the following are prescribed:
- antibiotics;
- antiviral drugs;
- immunostimulants;
- anti-inflammatory substances;
- antipyretic drugs;
- analgesics;
- disinfectant solutions for rinsing the throat;
- softening lozenges;
- nasal drops;
- inhalers;
- vitamins, etc.
These medicines will effectively fight infection and significantly increase the body's defenses. Their use helps prevent the further development of the disease, activate the process of lymph circulation, and eliminate inflammation.
The drugs relieve puffiness, cleanse the nasopharyngeal cavity and return the patient to normal state of health.
Folk remedies in this case are less effective, and are suitable for pregnant women and preschool children, due to their weak effect on the disease. They will be discussed below.
When the throat hurts, the temperature is 38, how to treat a person at the same time, only a doctor can decide. Only he can give a specific recommendation.
Trying to help yourself on your own is only permissible for a very mild form of infection.
If the manifestations of pathology indicate that this is not an ordinary cold, then it is necessary to conduct a series of tests, instrumental studies, and then make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe appropriate therapy.
It is necessary to pass a clinical and biochemical blood test, examine a smear from the throat and pharynx, undergo ultrasound diagnostics.
And even in this case, you should carefully monitor the development of symptoms, since a much more dangerous disease can be hidden behind its manifestations.
Therefore, if home methods have not helped to overcome it within three days, you should immediately call a doctor.
Sore throat during pregnancy
The most dangerous thing happens when an infection enters the body of a woman carrying a child. It is very important to ensure that it does not affect the development of the fetus.
Therefore, fever and sore throat should immediately alert both the pregnant woman and her doctor. At this time, the patient should be especially careful.
It should be remembered that many pathologies have a similar origin associated with the fight of immunity against the introduction of a foreign agent.
There are a number of infections that can lead to birth defects or miscarriage.
With the development of intoxication, which is a consequence of the activity of pathogenic microorganisms, the function of the placenta is disrupted, the blood supply to the fetus suffers, and uterine spasms are possible.
Therefore, there should not be any self-medication in this case. If during pregnancy there is a sore throat and a temperature of 38, what should a woman or her relatives do? Better, without delay, to call a doctor. The most dangerous thing may be that the pregnant woman did not catch a common cold, but a serious infection or an inflammatory disease developed into her body.
Treatment of sore throat with fever in pregnant women
A special case is the treatment of pregnant women. During this period of their life, it is better not to take any medications. At the first signs of infection, a woman needs to take urgent action. Therefore, it is better to give preference to folk remedies.
Effective folk remedies:
Gargle a pregnant woman's throat with a solution of sea salt or soda. They are diluted in warm liquid at the rate of one teaspoon per glass. The addition of iodine can also be beneficial.
Such a remedy will not only completely remove puffiness, wash out the larynx well, but will also have a powerful disinfecting effect.
Gargling with decoctions of herbs can be no less effective:
- eucalyptus;
- sage;
- chamomile;
- calendula;
- St. John's wort.
Some pharmacy means for inhalation and nasal instillation are acceptable during pregnancy, but you must carefully read the instructions for their use, and also consult a specialist in detail each time. It is advisable that he himself prescribe the necessary medicinal substances.
If the woman's condition is severe enough, then it is better to call an ambulance. Home treatment will not work in this case. Influenza can have a very serious effect on her body, and infectious diseases (rubella, diphtheria, scarlet fever, etc.) lead to irreversible damage to the fetus.
In this difficult period in her life, a woman needs to observe full bed rest, drink only fruit drinks and mineral water without gas, and eat right.
Preference should be given to low-fat broths, plant foods, bran bread. Jelly, dried fruit compote, freshly squeezed juice are very useful. Warm milk with honey, tea with raspberry jam and cranberries mashed with sugar will have a good effect.
Food should not be too hot or cold. It is strictly forbidden to smoke or consume alcoholic beverages.
Therefore, a sore throat in combination with an increase in temperature requires compulsory and urgent treatment. If appropriate therapy is not started on time, then severe complications may develop.
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When a child has a sore throat, the parents are very worried. Sometimes inflammation spreads very quickly - in just a couple of hours, while in other children it can develop very slowly. However, the consequences will always be the same - severe sore throat. How to treat children of any age (from one to 16 years old), the doctor must tell.
A sore throat does not occur without a cause, especially in children. All factors that provoke such a pathology can be roughly divided into 2 types.
The first group includes causes that are associated with various diseases. The most common causes in childhood are influenza, SARS, pharyngitis and tonsillitis (especially in children under 6 years of age). Diseases of a bacterial nature also often provoke the appearance of such a symptom. An example is sore throat, which is caused by a streptococcal infection. As a result, bacteria are transferred to the nasal mucous membranes. And if they are in the nasal region, then they will definitely go into the throat. The body temperature rises. A child who is HIV-positive (infection came from the mother in the womb) also often has a sore throat. The most common cause is secondary infections. For example, stomatitis or cytomegalovirus.
Very often, pain can be triggered by an allergic reaction. This could be due to pollen, dust, animal hair, mold, etc. In addition to pain and sore throat, eyes begin to redden, rhinitis occurs. Most often this refers to the spring or summer season, although allergies can also be off-season.
Various tumors and other growths in the tongue, larynx or throat can also provoke pain. It occurs due to problems with swallowing. The voice becomes hoarse. If a teenager started smoking, then his voice becomes hoarse, a cough arises. It is imperative to stop this as early as possible.
Gastroesophageal reflux is also a common cause of sore throat. The stomach releases its contents into the esophagus. Its mucous membranes are irritated, which causes pain. Moreover, it gradually becomes chronic.
The second group of causes of sore throat includes all factors that are not associated with diseases. For example, a foreign body may be in the throat - dust particles, pieces of food, etc. They irritate the mucous membranes, cause pain and cough. Excessively dry indoor air can also cause these symptoms. The increased load on the pharynx, together with low humidity and high air temperatures, will only aggravate the situation. Polluted air, dust, smoke will also harm your throat. In addition, it is forbidden to eat spicy foods, because they irritate the mucous membranes.
A sore throat is associated with many diseases, so not only does the child have a sore throat, but other symptoms also develop. For example, the ears begin to hurt, the lymph nodes under the neck become enlarged, it is difficult to open the mouth, and breathing becomes difficult. The body temperature rises, suffers from chills, fever. There is dryness, perspiration in the throat, redness and swelling appear. The voice becomes hoarse. There is a sensation of swelling in the neck. Sometimes, in parallel with these symptoms, joints begin to hurt and a skin rash occurs.
If a child often has a sore throat, then his condition cannot be ignored. It is imperative to go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment. Otherwise, it threatens with serious consequences. For example, there is a risk of developing meningitis. In addition, the infection can spread to the lungs, causing them to become inflamed. When the infection passes into the frontal sinuses, frontal sinusitis develops. There is also a great risk to the kidneys, because pyelonephritis may develop.
Treatment activities
How to treat the child, the doctor prescribes, but only after he has accurately established the diagnosis. Various medicines are sure to be selected. Now in any pharmacy you can find a wide range of various ailments. There are the following groups of medicines:
- With a bacterial infection, antibacterial drugs are prescribed. They cannot be used without consulting your doctor, because they can be harmful to health, despite their high efficiency. The most popular are Grammidin, Trachisan and Bioparox. But for children under one year old, other means are needed.
- Prescribed drugs from the group of antiseptics. These can be monopreparations that consist of only one type of antiseptic. They have a good bactericidal effect. Examples are Orasept, Septolet and Faringosept. In addition, there are combined medicines that contain not only an antiseptic, but also an anesthetic component. Such treatment will help to remove pain, relieve swelling, inflammation, and disinfect the throat. The most popular drugs are Givalex, Strepsils, Angilex and Antiovag.
- To treat a sore throat in a child, you can use drugs from the homeopathic group. Recently, they have become more and more popular. This is due not only to a wide range of effects, but also to the fact that they lack synthetic components. For throat treatment, Doctor Mom, Isla-Mint is suitable. They help to cool mucous layers, relieve severe pain, strengthen immunity, eliminate redness, swelling. Homeopathic remedies help with both acute and chronic diseases. Another advantage is that they do not cause side effects. They can also be used for children (but for a child under one year old, they should be used carefully and only as directed by a doctor).
- In addition, auxiliary medications are prescribed. For example, if the body temperature is elevated (above 38 ° C for a long time), then antipyretic medications are recommended. If an infection gets into the ears and sinuses, auxiliary medications are also used.
The doctor will tell you what to do if your child has a sore throat. Usually he prescribes not only drugs, but also physiotherapy procedures. For example, ultraviolet radiation is prescribed in the early stages of the development of the disease. The back of the neck and the front of the chest in the trachea area are exposed to radiation. UHF will help reduce inflammation in the pharynx. Recovery will go much faster. Ultrasound therapy is also used.
Sometimes active medical attention will be required. They must be done if the child has a sore throat too often and severely, but at the same time medications and physiotherapy procedures do not give positive results. This treatment involves washing the tonsils. For this, a solution based on antiseptics is used. Also, special injections can be made into the tonsils themselves. With lacunar sore throat, abscesses need to be removed. In severe cases, tonsillectomy is prescribed. This is a surgical procedure in which the tonsils are completely removed.
Additional measures
To make the child's treatment go faster, you must adhere to the rules and recommendations. It is necessary to strictly limit physical activity. The child must lie down constantly, otherwise the infection will spread to other organs, which will cause serious complications. Mental stress will also not be beneficial, so the child should completely rest. It is necessary to constantly be in bed. Only in this way will the body spend all its strength to fight the infection.
All day you need to gargle with special compounds. For example, you can dissolve a couple of Furacilin tablets in a glass of warm water. This procedure should be carried out every 30 minutes or an hour. Then the sore throat will quickly go away. With severe pain, you cannot tolerate it, you need to take Paracetamol. It is recommended to smear the back and chest with Doctor Mom or Pulmex. These ointments are made from essential oils and camphor. The ointment begins to evaporate, and inhalation of these vapors gives antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect.
If a child has a severe sore throat, then he should not talk. The ligaments should rest. It is recommended to drink plenty of fluids - at least 10 glasses a day. Carbonated drinks are prohibited, but tea, milk, juices, fruit drinks, decoctions, water can be given to a child. This normalizes the water balance in the body, so that the treatment will go faster. In addition, frequent drinking will soften the throat. It is imperative to increase the humidity of the air. You can hang wet towels on the battery, put containers with water, spray the room. But the neck should be in dry heat. For example, a heating pad will do. You can wrap a woolen scarf around your neck.
It is allowed to steam the baby's legs, but only if his body temperature is normal. The water temperature should be approximately 45 ° C. Do not add hot water. The procedure takes no more than 15 minutes. Then you need to put on warm socks and go to bed.
It is very important to pay attention to nutrition. Then the treatment will go much faster. Very often, food irritates the mucous membranes, which makes the pain even worse. The child may refuse to eat because it is too painful for him to swallow. It's better not to force him to eat, but just wait until he gets hungry himself. Then you need to give him food that will be useful, but at the same time gentle on the throat. It shouldn't be too hot or cold.
Overly acidic, spicy or salty foods should not be given. For example, mashed fruits or vegetables, warm milk-based porridge are suitable. It is allowed to give yogurt or kefir. It is best to avoid solid foods as they can injure the throat. It is forbidden to give ice cream, dryers, crackers. Honey, no matter how useful it is, is allowed to be given to a child only after reaching 3 years old, and in a small amount (no more than a couple of spoons per day). But you can easily give your baby jelly, cottage cheese, soufflé, pancakes, cutlets, soups. Food should be enveloping, soft and warm. It is allowed to let a slice of lemon dissolve, but you cannot sprinkle it with sugar.
Traditional medicine recipes
Sore throat is also treated with traditional medicine. For example, you can inhale using eucalyptus tincture or essential oils. An infusion or decoction of sage, chamomile, calendula is suitable for gargling. They can be mixed or used separately. Soda solution is very useful. You need to dissolve a spoonful of soda in a glass of warm water and use it for rinsing. The same applies to the saline solution. Both regular kitchen and sea salt will do. It is allowed to simultaneously mix in a glass of water 0.5 tbsp. l. soda and salt. You can add a drop of iodine and a pinch of turmeric to the solution.
How to treat a sore throat in children, the therapist should tell after a detailed diagnosis. You cannot treat a child on your own, otherwise it can cause not only a deterioration in the baby's condition (especially up to a year), but also provoke various side effects. The doctor will prescribe not only synthetic medicines, but also various folk remedies as a supplement. Physiotherapy treatments are also beneficial. In severe cases, surgery will be required. It is imperative to make sure that the child drank a lot of warm liquid, was constantly lying down and ate properly.
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