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MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND ELECTRIFICATION OF THE USSR

STATE INSPECTION OPERATIONAL INSTRUCTIONS
POWER PLANTS AND NETWORKS

LIST OF TOPICS
ETCEMERGENCY TRAINING
TPP OPERATIONAL PERSONNEL

DEVELOPED by the enterprise "Yuzhtekhenergo" PA "Soyuztekhenergo"

PERFORMERS L.M. Bogomol, V.A. NYUKIN, V.A. POLIVENOK, B.S. POPOVICH, V.G. RUCHKO

APPROVED by the State Inspectorate for the Operation of Power Plants and Networks on 10.10.86.

Chief engineer A.D. SHCHERBAKOV

LIST OF EMERGENCY TRAINING TOPICS

TPP OPERATIONAL PERSONNEL

Expiration date set

until 01/01/91

The work provides a List of the main topics of emergency training for operating personnel of thermal power plants, and also contains information on each emergency situation (signs of the situation, causes of occurrence, possible consequences, main tasks of operating personnel to eliminate the emergency and restore the regime). The information is generalized in relation to power equipment of various capacities. The characteristics of specific equipment must be taken into account when drawing up local regulations at power plants.

The list of topics can be expanded taking into account the requirements of the “Unified methodology for preparing and conducting emergency training exercises for personnel of power plants and networks” (M.: STSNTI ORGRES, 1972).

This List is intended for selecting topics and drawing up programs for emergency response training of operating personnel at all thermal power plants of the USSR Ministry of Energy.

1. General Provisions

1.1. The list of topics for emergency response training for operating personnel of thermal power plants is compiled in accordance with the requirements of the “Standard Instructions for Eliminating Accidents in the Electrical Part of Power Systems” (Moscow: STSNTI ORGRES, 1972), “Unified Methodology for Preparation and Conducting Emergency Response Training Exercises for Personnel of Electric Power Plants and Networks,” and as well as other industry guidelines and regulatory and technical documents of the USSR Ministry of Energy.

1.2. The list is intended to determine the topics of emergency response training for operating personnel of the electrical, turbine and boiler shops, as well as the thermal automation shop of thermal power plants in order to increase the efficiency of emergency response work with personnel.

1.3. This List of topics has been compiled on the basis of analysis and generalization of experience in emergency response and emergency training of operating personnel in Berezovsk, Zaporizhzhya, Zmievsk, Zainsk, Karmanovsk, Krivoy Rog, Ladyzhinsk, Lithuanian, Lukomlsk, Moldavian, Dnieper, Slavyansk, Tripoli, Troitsk, Tom-Usinsk, Uglegorsk, Cherepetsk, Estonian and other thermal power plants.

1.4. The work provides a list and analysis of the most typical emergency situations that affect the stability (the ability to maintain the load) and “survivability” (the ability to quickly restore the load) of the equipment of a separate power unit and the power plant as a whole. At the discretion of the TPP management, the scope of emergency training may be supplemented with new topics in accordance with the experience of operating equipment at a given power plant and accidents that have occurred at power plants in the industry.

1.5. Local emergency training programs must be drawn up in accordance with this List of Topics, taking into account the characteristics of the equipment and technological schemes for each specific thermal power plant.

1.6. The complexity and variety of emergency training should be ensured by combining various topics of the List in the program of one emergency training, as well as the introduction of additional situations that may arise in the process of eliminating accidents (failure of telephone and loud-speaking search communications, fittings, apparatus, climatic conditions, etc. .).

1.7. The main activities of personnel in emergency conditions must be provided for by emergency instructions and determined by the following tasks:

Scheme of actions of operational personnel when eliminating accidents at a power plant

2. Topics of emergency training

2.1. Emergency situations at a power plant due to disruptions in the operation of the power system

Topic name				Tasks of operational personnel
Topic name	Signs		Possible consequences	Tasks of operational personnel
1. Increasing the frequency in the power system to 51.5 Hz	Frequency meters show an increase in frequency in the system	Excess power in the power system due to disconnection of powerful consumers and power system nodes, division of the power system	Damage to turbine blades, generator rotors, disconnection of generators from the network, damage to auxiliary equipment, loss of MV power	Rapid reduction of generated power by unloading, turning off part of the generators in a predetermined order, except for special cases when the reduction in power affects the stability of the MV conservation
2. Reducing the frequency in the power system to 48.5 Hz and below	Frequency meters show a decrease in frequency in the system, an alarm is triggered	Lack of generated active power in the power system or loss of generated power due to shutdown of power plants, powerful units, rupture of intersystem or intrasystem connections	Overload of generators and electric motors of MV mechanisms, reduction in the supply of pumps and draft mechanisms, overload and damage to the turbine blades, separation of generators from the network, allocation of generators to asynchronous operation with the system without loss and with loss of MV power	Loading generators to the maximum, transferring MV mechanisms to steam drive if possible. Allocation of MV for non-synchronous power supply, prevention of unacceptable overload of equipment, unloading and separation of generators from the network
3. Reduction of frequency in the power system, accompanied by a deep decrease in voltage	Voltage decreases to a value at which frequency shedding machines may fail, alarms are triggered, frequency meters show a decrease in frequency
4. Asynchronous mode in the power system	Periodic oscillations of the needles of ammeters, voltmeters, wattmeters in the circuits of generators, transformers, power lines, triggering of the “Asynchronous operation” alarm	Violation of static or dynamic stability, non-synchronous automatic reclosure, loss of excitation of powerful generators	Disturbance of synchronism of a power plant in relation to the system or between parts of the power system, separation of power plants from the power system	Immediate restoration of frequency by increasing the load or unloading the generators, increasing or decreasing the voltage to the maximum permissible level(according to local conditions), preservation of CH
5. Reduction of voltage in the power system below the permissible level	Network voltmeters show a decrease in voltage, the generators are being forced to excite	Shutdown of powerful power plants, shutdown of reactive power sources, appearance of an undisconnected short circuit in the system	Overload of generators, violation of the stability of parallel operation of generators, possible voltage “avalanche”	Set the maximum reactive load, take emergency overloads, reduce the active load of generators when the permissible overloads are exceeded, timely unloading of generators to the rated values of the rotor and stator currents after the overload period has expired

2.2. Emergency situations at the power plant due to disruptions in the operation of the electrical parts of the units and the power plant

Topic name	Characteristics of the emergency			Tasks of operational personnel
Topic name	Signs	Possible causes	Possible consequences	Tasks of operational personnel
6. De-energization of the main busbars or one busbar system of one of the high voltage switchgear	Emergency shutdown of the switches of all connections of the main buses or this bus system, the “DZSh Operation” display lights up	Triggering of differential bus protection (DBP) during a short circuit in the protection coverage area	Power system division	Supplying voltage to de-energized buses, providing MV power to the separation of damaged equipment, reversing and connecting disconnected generators to the network, turning on disconnected connections, preventing asynchronous switching on
7. De-energization of the main busbars or one busbar system of one of the high voltage switchgear	Emergency shutdown of the switches of all connections of de-energized buses, the “Breaker Failure Operation” display lights up and the display of the connection protection operation on which the short circuit occurred	Triggering of a breaker failure failure when there is a delay in disconnecting the connection switch on which a short circuit has occurred
8. De-energization of the main busbars or one busbar system of one of the high voltage switchgear	Emergency shutdown of the switches of all connections of de-energized buses, the “DFZ Operation” or “Breaker Failure Operation” display lights up	False activation of DFZ and breaker failure protection	Disconnection and shutdown of generators, failure of MV power supply, overload of equipment and overhead lines, reduction in frequency and voltage in the power system	Supplying voltage to de-energized buses, providing MV power, turning off and connecting disconnected generators to the network, turning on disconnected connections, preventing asynchronous switching on
9. De-energization of the main buses or one bus system of one of the high voltage switchgear	Emergency shutdown of the circuit breakers of all connections, except one, the “Breaker Failure Operation” and “Non-Phase Switching” displays and the connection protection operation display light up	Triggering of a breaker failure failure in case of failure to open the circuit breaker of one of the connections	Disconnection and shutdown of generators, failure of MV power supply, overload of equipment and overhead lines, reduction of voltage in the power system, long-term asynchronous mode leading to disconnection of overhead lines	Disabling a defective switch or removing it from the circuit in the event of a disconnection failure, supplying voltage to the busbars, providing MV power, turning off and connecting disconnected generators to the network, turning on disconnected connections, preventing asynchronous switching on
10. De-energization of the main busbars or one busbar system of one of the high voltage switchgear	Emergency shutdown of generator-transformer unit switches and communication autotransformer from maximum protection, lighting of the connection protection operation panel	Refusal to operate the motor protection device during a short circuit in the protection zone		Disabling connection switches if the location of the short circuit has not been established, supplying voltage to buses, providing MV power, separating damaged equipment, turning off and connecting disconnected generators to the network, turning on disconnected connections, preventing asynchronous switching on
11. De-energization of the main busbars or one busbar system of one of the high voltage switchgear	Emergency shutdown of generator-transformer block switches and communication autotransformers, connection protection operation displays light up	Non-tripped short circuits on one of the connections	Disconnection and shutdown of generators, failure of MV power supply, overload of equipment and overhead lines, reduction in frequency and voltage in the power system	Turning off the connection switch where the short circuit occurred, supplying voltage to the buses, providing MV power, turning off and connecting disconnected generators to the network, turning on disconnected connections, preventing asynchronous switching on
12. De-energization of the main busbars or one busbar system of one of the high voltage switchgear	Emergency shutdown of switches of generator-transformer units and communication autotransformers, the connection protection display lights up	Failure to operate the breaker failure protection device when the circuit breaker of one of the connections fails to be turned off		Disabling or removing a damaged circuit breaker from the circuit, supplying voltage to the buses, providing MV power, turning off and connecting disconnected generators to the network, turning on disconnected connections, preventing asynchronous switching on
13. Emergency shutdown of one or more generators from the network in case of damage to outdoor switchgear equipment	Switching off the generator-transformer unit switches by protections, shedding the load, the protection operation display lights up	The occurrence of a short circuit in the primary circuits when the wire of the outdoor switchgear busbar is broken, when the arrester is damaged, erroneous actions of personnel in the primary or secondary circuits	Shutdown of generators, failure of MV power supply, overload of equipment and overhead lines, reduction of frequency and voltage in the power system	Providing MV power, maximizing the load of generators remaining in operation, eliminating equipment overloads, identifying and separating damaged equipment from the circuit, putting switched-off equipment into operation and taking the load
14. Emergency disconnection of the generator from the network in case of equipment damage	Disabling the generator-transformer block switches with protections	The occurrence of a short circuit when the current transformer is damaged	Generator shutdown, loss of MV power, damage to the equipment of neighboring cells of the outdoor switchgear, ignition of the oil of a damaged turbogenerator, spread of fire to the equipment of neighboring cells	Providing MV power supply, maximum load of generators remaining in operation, fire extinguishing, removal of damaged equipment for repair
15. Malfunction of the automatic generator excitation regulator	The appearance of spontaneous “swings” of the current and excitation voltage of the generator in the absence of disturbances in the power system	Violation in the ARV circuits. The appearance of “swings” in the output signal at the AVR output	The appearance of false boosts and underexcitation modes of the generator. Reduced stability of parallel operation of the generator with the network. Disconnecting the generator from the network	Disabling the ARV generator and switching to manual control. Transferring the generator to backup excitation. Taking measures to eliminate the ARV malfunction. Transferring the generator from standby excitation to working excitation. Putting ARV to work
16. Loss of excitation on the generator	Generator reactive power consumption, partial reset active load and its fluctuation, stator current overload, increase in rotation speed, decrease in stator voltage	Violations in the excitation system, erroneous actions of personnel	Reducing the voltage level on the power plant buses, increasing the temperature of the generator windings, increasing vibration, disconnecting the generator from the network	Rapid unloading of the generator in terms of active power, raising the reactive load on other generators, restoring excitation on the generator
17. All-round light on the collector of the backup exciter (RV) when the generator is operating on backup excitation	Sparking, all-round fire on the RV manifold	Malfunction of the commutator or brush apparatus, contamination of the commutator with coal dust, damage to the insulation of the commutator plates, increased vibration	Damage to the radio, loss of generator excitation, loss of synchronism and disconnection from the network	Reducing the voltage on the radio to the maximum permissible level from the condition of generator stability. When the all-round light disappears, switch the generator to operating excitation. If it is impossible to transfer the generator to operating excitation - unload and turn off the generator, de-excite and turn off the radio, take the generator out for repair
18. Cooling water leak on the generator high-frequency excitation rectifier unit	Water leakage from the rectifier unit	Rupture of the fluoroplastic tube on the water manifold of the rectifier unit	Moistening the insulation. Short circuit on the rectifier unit. Loss of excitation on the generator, its transition to asynchronous mode and disconnection from the network	Reducing the excitation voltage to a level acceptable under the conditions of generator stability. Simultaneously stopping the water supply to the rectifier device and transferring the generator to the RV. Taking out the rectifier unit for repair
19. Short circuit to ground at one point of the generator rotor winding or a decrease in the insulation resistance of the rotor winding below the permissible level	Triggering of the “Ground in the excitation circuits” alarm	Damage to the insulation of the generator rotor winding or a decrease in its resistance	The occurrence of a ground fault in the rotor winding at two points. Damage to the winding and active steel of the rotor. The appearance of generator rotor vibration	Checking the insulation resistance of the excitation circuits to determine the correct operation of the alarm. Transferring the generator from working excitation to standby excitation, followed by checking the insulation resistance of the excitation circuits. If restoration of insulation fails, unload the generator, disconnect it from the network and take it out for repairs.
20. Emergency shutdown of the block in case of damage to the block transformer	Emergency shutdown of the unit switch and AGP, lighting up of the unit transformer protection panel	Damage to the internal insulation of the transformer or its terminals	Oil release from the transformer and its fire, loss of MV power	Providing power to 6 and 0.4 kV MV sections and switchboards, maximum load of generators remaining in operation, extinguishing fires, taking the unit out for repairs
21. Emergency shutdown of the unit in case of damage to the unit transformer		External damage and overlapping insulation of the external parts of the transformer bushing	Damage to insulating structures, turn-to-turn short circuits in windings, phase-to-ground short circuits, local overheating of steel, oil decomposition and ignition	Analysis of the information received on the operation of relay protection and automation, provision of power to MV sections and switchboards, maximum load of generators remaining in operation, fire extinguishing, removal of the unit for repair
22. Fire in cable facilities under the control room, in cable lines	Appearance of a warning system signal, smoke and fire at the source of the fire	Occurrence of a short circuit in the cable, ignition of spilled oil	Loss of power unit control, false operation of protections, automation, unloading, shutdown of power units	Localization and extinguishing of fire with a stationary fire extinguishing system and with the help of a fire brigade, de-energizing cables if possible, unloading and stopping units (if necessary)
23. Single-phase shutdown of block circuit breaker during protection operation and failure of breaker failure protection	Triggering of the alarm “Failure to switch phases of the circuit breaker”; the presence of currents in two phases of the generator, determined by kiloammeters on the control room panel	Mechanical malfunctions of two-phase switch drives	The appearance of a significant negative sequence current in the stator winding. Overheating of the rotor, damage to the insulation of the generator rotor winding. Transfer of the generator to motor mode	Repeated shutdown of the circuit breaker using the control key from the control room console. If an attempt is unsuccessful to turn off adjacent switches, the bus system to which the unit is connected is de-energized
24. Turnaround of power plants after an emergency shutdown with loss of steam and electrical power supply	All units of the power plant were shut down with loss of electrical and steam power supply.	Operation of the power plant according to schemes that do not provide the required reliability in case of accidents in the power system or at the power plant, personnel errors during emergency response	Prolonged downtime of the power plant, undersupply of electricity, equipment damage	Separation of damaged equipment, preparation of circuits, supplying voltage to 6 kV buses from backup power sources, turning on the starting boiler room and all extraneous steam sources, alternate or partially combined start-up of power units
25. De-energization of the 6 kV MV section with unsuccessful activation of the backup input switch	Emergency shutdown of the operating power switch of the 6 kV MV section and unsuccessful ATS, the “Call to 6 kV section” display lights up, emergency shutdown of the electric motors of the MV mechanisms of the damaged section	The occurrence of a short circuit on a 6 kV MV section or an undisconnected short circuit on the connection of this section	Load shedding, loss of MV power, fire in 6 kV switchgear, generator disconnection from the network	Providing power to undamaged sections and switchboards of 6 and 0.4 kV, monitoring the switching on of backup pumps, keeping the unit in operation, removing damaged equipment from the circuit, maximum load of operating units, extinguishing a fire, restoring power to sections and unit load

2.3. Emergency situations at a power plant due to malfunctions of boiler equipment

Topic name	Characteristics of the emergency			Tasks of operational personnel
Topic name	Signs	Possible causes	Possible consequences	Tasks of operational personnel
26. Sharp reduction in feedwater consumption to 30% of nominal and below	A sharp decrease in the total consumption of feedwater and by stream; reduction of feedwater pressure in front of the boiler; feed pump overload; pressure reduction to the built-in valve (for once-through boilers); reducing the water level in the drum; discrepancy in readings of water and steam flow meters; reducing water pressure upstream and downstream of the adjustable feed valve (RPV); increase in temperature along the once-through boiler path	Rupture of the supply pipeline in front of the reduced supply unit	Damage to auxiliary equipment by a jet of water in the area of the rupture, threat to personnel safety, damage to the heating surfaces of the boiler	; implementation of measures aimed at localizing the accident and ensuring the safety of personnel (removing people from the dangerous area, disconnecting the damaged section of the pipeline, reducing the pressure in the supply pipelines to zero; removing steam from the room, etc.); operation of other boilers (units) with the maximum possible load; start-up of backup boilers; determining the cause of the accident and providing conditions for repair work
27. Sharp reduction in feed water consumption to 30% of nominal and below	A sharp decrease in the total consumption of feedwater and by stream; reduction of water pressure behind the RPK; reducing water pressure in front of the built-in valve (for once-through boilers); reducing the water level in the drum; position indicator (UP) of the RPK at “zero”, discrepancy in readings of water and steam flow meters; increasing the pressure in the supply pipeline after the feed pumps and before the RPK	Spontaneous closure of the PKK		Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit) if it is impossible to open the RPK manually within 30 s (for direct-flow boilers) or the water level in the drum decreases; opening of RPK bypasses; operation of other units with the maximum possible load, start-up of backup boilers; determining the cause of the accident and providing conditions for repair work
28. Sharp reduction in feed water consumption to 30% of nominal and below	A sharp decrease in the total consumption of feedwater and by stream; reduction of feed water pressure in front of the boiler behind the RPK and in front of the built-in valve (for a once-through boiler); lighting (blinking) of a green light on the mimic diagram or on the control panel of the feed pump; a decrease in the water level in the drum, a discrepancy in the readings of water and steam flow meters, an increase in the temperature of the medium along the once-through boiler path	Disabling the feed pump	Damage to boiler heating surfaces	Switching on the backup pump; emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit) in case of failure to turn on the backup pump via ATS; operation of other boilers (units) with the maximum possible load; start-up of backup boilers; identifying and eliminating the cause of the pump shutdown
29. A sharp decrease in steam pressure behind the boiler	A sharp decrease in steam pressure behind the boiler and in front of the turbine; swipe and noise in the area of the rupture; dumping the active load of the turbogenerator; reduction of steam consumption in front of the turbine; reduction of pressure in the boiler drum; reducing the temperature of fresh steam behind the boiler; increase in reheat steam temperature, increase in water level in the drum	Main steam line rupture	Damage to auxiliary equipment due to steam jet, threat to personnel safety	Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit); implementation of measures aimed at localizing accidents and ensuring personnel safety (removing people from the danger zone, disconnecting a damaged steam line, reducing the pressure in the boiler and steam line to zero); operation of other boilers (units) with the maximum possible load; start-up of backup boilers; determining the cause of the accident and providing conditions for repair work
30. A sharp decrease in steam pressure behind the boiler	A sharp decrease in steam pressure behind the boiler and in front of the turbine; loud noise in the boiler room; the red signal lamp of the pulse safety valve (IPV) lights up; reduction of pressure in the drum; dumping the active load of the turbogenerator; reduction of steam consumption; reducing the steam temperature behind the boiler and in front of the turbine; increase in reheat steam temperature, increase	Spontaneous opening of the pulse safety valve on the boiler	Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit)	Closing the IPC remotely or locally: transferring the boiler to the firing load; work from other boilers with the maximum possible load; restoration of the original load. If it is impossible to close the IPC, shut down the boiler by order of the chief engineer of the power plant
34. Reducing the temperature of the fresh steam of the drum boiler to the first protection limit	Reducing the steam temperature behind the boiler and along the superheating path; increasing the water level at all water indicators; The “High level in the boiler drum” display lights up, the steam temperature decreases	Boiler drum refilling	Moisture entering the turbine, damage to the turbine flow path, emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit)	Performing operations to reduce the water level in the drum, opening an emergency release when the water level in the drum rises to the first limit; reducing feedwater consumption, increasing the unit load to the nominal value, eliminating valve leaks, eliminating malfunctions of automatic power supply and RPK. When the water level in the drum rises to the second limit (if the protection fails), an emergency shutdown of the boiler and shutdown of the turbine
35. Reducing the temperature of the fresh steam of the drum boiler to the first protection limit	Reducing the steam temperature behind the boiler and along the superheating path; The “Steam Temperature Decrease” indicator lights up	Malfunction of automatic control of the final injection valve	Emergency shutdown of the turbine (unit)	Transition to remote control; eliminating the defect, restoring the boiler to normal temperature conditions
36. Reducing the temperature of the fresh steam of the drum boiler to the first protection limit	Reducing the steam temperature behind the boiler and along the superheating path; the “Steam Temperature Decrease” display lights up; drop in ammeter readings of two mill fans (MV) to zero; The “MV shutdown” display lights up, the green lights of the dust feeders blink	Disabling two mill fans (APF triggered)	Reducing block load	Performing operations to maintain the operability of the boiler (unloading the boiler, turning on all additional nozzles), operating other units with the maximum possible load, finding out the reasons for turning off the MV, troubleshooting and putting the MV and dust preparation system back into operation
37. A sharp decrease in pressure in the hot reheat pipeline of one stream, accompanied by the sudden appearance of loud noise	A sharp decrease in steam pressure in the hot reheat pipeline, the sudden appearance of a sharp noise, a decrease in pressure in the cold reheat pipeline, a decrease in the active load on the turbogenerator, a decrease in the temperature of the hot reheat steam	Hot reheat pipeline rupture	Damage to auxiliary equipment at the rupture site, threat to personnel safety	Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit), implementation of measures to localize the accident (removing people from the danger zone, disconnecting the damaged steam line, reducing the pressure to zero in the steam line, removing steam from the room, etc.); operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load, switching on backup boilers; determining the cause of the accident and providing conditions for repair work
38. Reduced steam output of pulverized coal boilers	Deviation of the heat load regulator readings, a significant increase in the rotation speed of the dust feeders on the SBR indicator (stepless control station), unstable readings of the oxygen meters, a decrease in the steam output of the boiler, a decrease in the dust level in the bunker	Receipts of poor quality fuel	Reducing the load of the blocks, deteriorating the combustion mode to the ground	Supply of reserve fuel (fuel oil, gas) for lighting, operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load, start-up of stopped boilers; reduction of dust temperature behind the mill within acceptable limits to increase mill productivity
39. Reduced steam output of pulverized coal boilers	The signs are the same as in paragraph 38. Additional signs: coal sticking in the bunker and in the fuel transfer units	Input of wet fuel	Deep reduction of block load	The same as in paragraph 38. Additionally, taking measures to eliminate coal sticking in bunkers and fuel transfer units
40. Reducing the water level in the boiler drum to the lower permissible limit	A decrease in the water level in the drum according to level gauges, the appearance of pressure and sudden noise in the furnace, the “Low water level in the drum” indicator lights up	Screen pipe rupture	Damage to boiler heating surfaces, threat to personnel safety	Taking measures to ensure personnel safety (cessation of work, removal of people from the danger zone, strengthening control over the water level in the drum, combustion mode and temperature level of the boiler; emergency shutdown of the boiler); operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load
41. Reducing the water level in the boiler drum to the lower permissible limit	A decrease in the water level in the drum according to level gauges, a decrease in feed water consumption, the “Low water level in the drum” indicator lights up, a decrease in feed water pressure after the RPK	Malfunction of the power regulator valve (jamming, gearbox failure, etc.)	Emergency reduction of water level in the drum, damage to the heating surfaces of the boiler	Taking measures to increase the water level in the drum, opening the bypasses of the power supply unit, turning on the backup PEN, unloading the boiler; identifying the cause and taking corrective action; operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load; restoration of original load
42. Extinguishing of the torch of a pulverized coal boiler operating on fuel oil	A sharp drop in fuel oil pressure behind the control valve and in the main fuel oil pipeline, a sharp decline fuel oil consumption, fuel oil leakage	Main fuel oil pipeline rupture	Impossibility of lighting boilers in the absence of starting fuel, deterioration of the combustion mode due to the release of liquid slag at reduced loads without fuel oil illumination, fire of fuel oil at the rupture site	Organization of measures aimed at localizing the accident (switching off the fuel oil pumping station, disconnecting the damaged fuel oil pipeline, taking fire safety measures), operating other boilers with the maximum possible load, finding out the reasons for the rupture of the fuel oil pipeline, providing conditions for repair work
43. Extinguishing of the torch of a pulverized coal boiler operating on fuel oil	A sharp drop in fuel oil pressure behind the control valve, a sharp decrease in fuel oil consumption to the boiler, and the appearance of a fuel oil leak in front of the boiler	Rupture of the fuel oil pipeline of the boiler fuel oil ring		Organization of measures aimed at localizing the accident (switching off the damaged area, taking fire safety measures), operating other boilers with the maximum possible load, identifying the causes of the rupture and providing conditions for repair work
44. A sharp increase in pressure in the firebox	The arrow of the “Vacuum at the top of the furnace” device deviates to the right until it stops, the ammeter readings of the smoke exhauster drop to zero, the green signal light of the smoke exhauster lights up (flashes) on the mimic diagram or remote control, the light displays “Switching off the smoke exhauster” and “Pressure in the furnace” light up	Disabling one of the two working smoke exhausters	Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit)	Reducing the boiler load to 50 - 60% of the nominal; operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load; start-up of backup boilers; identifying and eliminating the cause of the smoke exhauster shutdown; starting the smoke exhauster and restoring the original load
45. A sharp increase in pressure in the furnace	The arrow of the “Vacuum at the top of the furnace” instrument deviates to the right until it stops, the light display “Pressure at the top of the furnace” lights up, the position indicator of the guide vane of the smoke exhauster is at zero; sharp decrease in hot air temperature	Spontaneous closing of the exhaust fan guide vane		Reducing the boiler load to a value that ensures normal vacuum in the furnace; operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load, identifying and eliminating the reason for the closure of the guide vane; restoration of original load
46. A sharp increase in pressure in the firebox	The arrow of the “Vacuum at the top of the furnace” instrument deviates to the right until it stops, the “Pressure in the furnace” display lights up, the green signal light of the gate in front of the RVP lights up on the mnemonic diagram or remote control; reduction of hot air temperature	Spontaneous closing of gas valves in front of the RVP of a monoblock boiler	Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit)	Disabling one DC and DV; reducing the boiler load to 50 - 60% of the nominal value; operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load, identifying and eliminating the reason for closing the gate; starting DS and DV and restoring the original load
47. A sharp increase in vacuum in the furnace	Deviation to the right until the arrow of the “Vacuum at the top of the furnace” device stops; the DV ammeter readings drop to zero; lighting (blinking) of the green DV light on the mimic diagram or remote control; The light display “Disconnection of DV” lights up	Disabling one of the two working blower fans		Unloading the boiler to 50 - 60% of the nominal; operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load, start-up of reserve boilers; identifying and eliminating the cause of the DV shutdown, starting the DV and restoring the original load
48. A sharp increase in vacuum in the furnace	Deviation to the left until the arrow of the “Vacuum at the top of the furnace” device stops; deviation of the arrow of the position indicator of the DV guide vane to zero, a sharp increase in the temperature of the flue gases	Spontaneous closing of the guide vane of one blower fan		The same goes for finding out the reason for closing the guide vane.
49. A sharp increase in vacuum in the furnace	Deviation to the left until the arrow of the “Vacuum at the top of the furnace” device stops; the green signal light of the air damper behind the RVP lights up; sharp increase in flue gas temperature	Spontaneous closing of the air damper behind the RVP of the monoblock boiler		The same as in paragraph 47 and finding out the reason for closing the gate
50. Increase in flue gas temperature	A sharp increase in the temperature of the flue gases, a sharp decrease in the temperature of the hot air, the “RVP shutdown” display lights up, the green signal light for RVP shutdown flashes on the mimic diagram, the appearance of pressure in the furnace	Disabling one of the two working RVP of the monoblock boiler	Reduced unit load, damage and failure	Disabling DV and DS. Unloading the boiler to 50 - 60% of the nominal, operating other boilers with the maximum possible load, mobilizing reserve power (starting reserve boilers), turning on the RVP and restoring the original load
51. Increase in flue gas temperature	Increase in flue gas temperature and hot air temperature; reducing the temperature difference: air at the outlet, gases at the inlet to the RAH; the appearance of smoke from RVP hatches; redness of the casing of the RVP body	Ignition of deposits in RVP	Damage and failure of the RVP and other boiler equipment	Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit), taking measures to extinguish the fire, blocking the boiler along the gas-air path, turning on the fire extinguishing system, turning on the RVP water cleaning apparatus, calling the fire brigade, connecting fire hoses, operating other boilers with the maximum possible load, turning on backup boilers; determining the cause of the fire and providing conditions for eliminating the consequences of the fire
52. Increase in flue gas temperature	An increase in the temperature of the flue gases and the temperature of the gases behind the water economizer, the opening of the guide vanes of the smoke exhausters, the appearance of pressure in the furnace, the knocking out of flue gases through hatches and leaks in the furnace, the knocking out of flue gases from the RAH and leaks in the flue boxes behind the boiler	Ignition of deposits in a convective shaft	Damage and failure of the boiler and auxiliary equipment	Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit), taking measures to extinguish the fire (turning on the fire extinguishing system, calling the fire brigade, supplying steam to purge the nozzles into the firebox, connecting fire hoses and supplying water through hatches into the convection shaft, turning on the RVP water cleaning apparatus); operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load; mobilization of reserve power (switching on reserve boilers); determining the cause of the fire and providing conditions for eliminating the consequences of the fire
53. A sharp decrease in the temperature of hot air behind the RAH	The indicator “Disconnection or malfunction of the RVP” lights up; The green RVP light comes on (blinking)	Disabling one of the two operating RVP boilers	Reducing the block load. Damage and failure of the RVP	Disabling the corresponding DV and DS. Unloading the boiler to 50 - 60% of the rated load, taking measures to prevent the RVP from jamming (periodically turning the RVP manually); loading other boilers; turning on the RVP and restoring the original load
58. Emergency transition from gas to fuel oil in case of sudden limitation of gas supply to boilers	A sharp decrease in gas pressure in front of the boilers to a level exceeding its protection activation setting; a sharp reduction in gas consumption for boilers; reduction in the steam output of drum boilers, reduction in parameters along the duct of once-through boilers, a sharp decrease in the temperature of the flue gases in the rotary chamber	Malfunction and unreliable operation of hydraulic fracturing gas pressure regulators	Partial load shedding of the power plant. Complete power plant load shedding without or with loss of electrical and steam auxiliary needs	Immediate unloading of operating gas boilers; transfer of boilers to combustion of fuel oil from fuel oil pipelines in reserve; turning on additional fuel oil pumps and increasing the temperature of the fuel oil to the nominal temperature; launch of reserve boilers using fuel oil; operation of units with the maximum possible load, taking measures to restore the functionality of hydraulic fracturing pressure regulators
59. Emergency transition from gas to fuel oil in case of sudden cessation of gas supply to boilers	A sharp decrease in gas pressure in front of the boilers to the protection level; sharp reduction in gas consumption; reduction of steam output of drum boilers; reduction of parameters along the duct of once-through boilers; sharp decrease in gas temperature in the rotating chamber		Complete power plant load shedding without or with loss of MV power	Monitoring the actions of protections for emergency shutdown of units; immediate ignition of stopped boilers and start-up of fuel oil-fired units. Turning on additional fuel oil pumps and increasing the temperature of the fuel oil to the nominal temperature; lighting of reserve boilers using fuel oil; operation of units with the maximum possible load; taking measures to restore the functionality of hydraulic fracturing pressure regulators

2.4. Emergency situations at a power plant due to disruptions in the operation of turbine equipment

Topic name	Characteristics of the emergency			Tasks of operational personnel
Topic name	Signs	Possible causes	Possible consequences	Tasks of operational personnel
60. Irregularities in the operation of the direct-flow technical water supply system	Drop in water level in the supply channels of the coastal pumping station (BPS), drop in water pressure in front of the condensers, fluctuations in the load of circulation pumps, decrease in vacuum	Clogging of rough turbine water intake screens in front of the BPS with ice		Unloading the blocks and turning off one circulation pump per block, closing the drain valve and turning on the ejector of the working circulation water line for permanent operation, turning on all the ejectors of the turbine unit, attracting repair personnel to mechanically clean the coarse grates, opening hot water recirculation on the suction side of the BNS
61. Irregularities in the operation of direct-flow technical water supply systems	Increased water drop on rotating screens, drop in water pressure in front of condensers, fluctuations in the load of circulation pumps, breakdown of siphons in drain circulation water lines, decrease in vacuum	Clogging rotating BNS grids with sludge	Damage to circulation pumps, vacuum drop, unit shutdown	Inclusion in continuous work all rotating meshes, feeding them hot water and continuous cleaning with improvised means; unloading of blocks by vacuum, when individual rotating grids become jammed, stopping the corresponding circulation pumps; activation of all ejectors of the turbine vacuum system and condenser drain chambers; monitoring the operation of oil coolers and cooling systems of generators, if necessary, switching them to a backup supply of process water. Periodic turning on and off of stopped circulation pumps to supply heated water to the suction chambers of the pumps
62. Irregularities in the operation of the direct-flow technical water supply system	Decrease in water pressure in front of the condenser, decrease in vacuum, flooding of premises	Rupture of the pressure circulation water line or circulation water collector	Vacuum drop, rapid unloading or unit shutdown	Disconnection of the damaged section of the collector; turning off the circulation pump operating on a damaged section of the collector or on a damaged circulation water line; unloading units to reduce the supply of circulating water, transferring circulating water consumers to a backup source
63. Irregularities in the operation of the direct-flow technical water supply system	Failure of the siphons of the drain circulation water lines, an increase in oil temperatures after oil coolers and gas in the generator, a decrease in vacuum, an increase in the pressure of circulating water in front of one of the condenser halves	Clogging with sludge and rupture of the rotating nets of the BNS	Clogged condenser tube sheets, vacuum drop, unit shutdown	Unloading the unit by vacuum, turning off (for cleaning the tube sheet) that half of the condenser in front of which the pressure of the circulating water has noticeably increased
71. Irregularities in the operation of the heat supply system	Overflow of heating plant heaters due to leaks in the pipe system. Jamming of rotary diaphragms of district heating extractions	Disruption of normal operation of the heating plant	Damage to the main equipment of the turbine unit	Shutdown of the damaged heating installation, transfer of heat consumers to backup sources
72. Damage to the turbine unit	Increase in axial displacement and relative expansion of the turbine rotor, temperature of the thrust bearing pads, temperature of the oil at the drain from the bearing	Damage to the turbine thrust bearing	Destruction of the thrust bearing and turbine rotor	Operations for emergency shutdown of a unit with vacuum failure
73. Damage to the turbine unit	A sudden sharp increase in vibration of one or more turbine bearings and an increase in the hardness of the condensate in the condenser	Damage to rotor blades low pressure turbines	Damage to turbine rotor and bearings
74. Violation of normal operation of the turbine regeneration system	A rapid increase in the water level in one of the high pressure pumps when the unit is operating at rated load. Failure to trigger the protection “Increasing the level in the MDV-1 limit”	Leaking heater pipe system	Throwing water into the turbine, damaging it
75. Malfunctions in the operation of the condensing unit		The appearance of leaks in the vacuum system
76. Malfunctions in the operation of the condensing unit	Rapid drop in vacuum according to the readings of the main and backup instruments	Reducing circulation water consumption	Emergency stop of the unit. Damage to low pressure turbine rotors	Unloading the block by vacuum. Identifying and eliminating the cause of the vacuum drop
77. Malfunctions in the operation of the condensing unit		Violation of normal operation of ejectors
78. Rupture of the oil line in the area of the turbine bearing. Oil ignition	Drop in oil pressure. Signs of a fire	Vibration and rupture of the oil line, ignition of oil that gets on hot surfaces	Damage to the turbine unit. Fire spread to turbine oil tank	Stopping the unit with vacuum failure. Fire extinguishing. Operations to eliminate oil leaks and localize the fire zone
79. Malfunctions in the turbine oil system	Reduced oil level in the turbine oil tank	Clogged oil tank screens. Interblock oil flows along communication lines. The appearance of leaks in the oil system	Block stop. Fire	Identifying and eliminating the cause of a decrease in the oil level in the oil tank, adding oil to the oil tank, and if necessary, stopping the turbine unit
80. Malfunctions in the turbine oil system	Drop in oil pressure in the turbine lubrication system	Malfunctions of the drain valve, oil pumps and their AVR. Leakage of check valves of backup or emergency oil pumps	Emergency stop of the unit. Damage to turbine bearings	Identifying and eliminating the cause (adjusting the drain valve, checking the operation of oil pumps and, if necessary, turning on backup ones). If it is impossible to eliminate the cause, the unit stops
81. Malfunctions in the turbine oil system	Increase in oil temperature in the lubrication system, after oil coolers	Reduced flow of cooling water to oil coolers, clogging of oil coolers		Checking the contamination of oil coolers, filters and cleaning them. Increased cooling water consumption. Stop the unit if necessary
82. Malfunctions in the oil systems	Increased oil temperature at the drain of one or more bearings	Clogged oil supply lines. Damage to Babbitt bearings		Visual inspection of oil drainage from bearings. Monitoring the operating parameters of the turbine unit, if necessary, stopping the unit with vacuum failure
83. Deterioration in the quality of the distillate supplied to the stators of one, two or more generators	Decline resistivity distillate below the permissible value	Contamination of the distillate during the regeneration of BOU anion exchange filters due to loose closure of the valves after the filters	Emergency shutdown of turbogenerators	Elimination of saline water leaks into the demineralized water circuit. Stopping the UPC pumps, powering the condensers and generator cooling systems with demineralized water directly from the water supply unit. Enhanced water exchange of generator stator cooling systems with demineralized water. If the resistivity of the distillate decreases below the permissible value, stop the turbogenerator to completely replace the distillate in the cooling system, followed by starting the unit
84. Stopping the supply of demineralized water from the water treatment plant to recharge the blocks	Increasing the salt content of make-up water supplied to the state district power plant. After the replenishment is stopped, the water level in the deaerators of the blocks decreases	Connecting a source of raw source water with high salt content to the VPU	Limitations in replenishment with demineralized water. Termination of starting operations on blocks. Unloading blocks	Maximum reduction of condensate losses. Identification and elimination of the causes of increased salinity of chemically demineralized water
85. Fire in the turbine oil tank	Flame appears on the turbine oil tank	Spilled oil fire. Fire spread to turbine oil tank	Shutdown of the power unit, spread of the fire to adjacent equipment and power units	Stopping the power unit with vacuum failure, displacing hydrogen from the generator with carbon dioxide or releasing it into the atmosphere, emergency draining of oil from the turbine oil tank. Calling the fire department and extinguishing the fire yourself

2.5. Emergency situations due to failures of control system elements

Topic name	Characteristics of the emergency			Tasks of operational personnel
Topic name	Signs	Possible causes	Possible consequences	Tasks of operational personnel
86. False activation of protection to increase the level to the P limit of the PVD	Triggering of the emergency process alarm “Level increase in PVD-P limit.” Shutdown of the power unit	Erroneous actions of CTAI personnel during preventive checks of protection	Emergency shutdown of the power unit from the network	Monitoring the operation of the power unit shutdown protection. Identification and elimination of the cause of the accident. Carrying out preparatory operations for starting up the power unit
87. Failure of elements of the information-measuring lubrication system of the turbine unit	Drop in oil pressure in the turbogenerator lubrication system to the protection activation settings. Disabling the main oil pumps and not turning on the backup ones via ATS. Triggering of an alarm, shutdown of the turbogenerator	Failure of oil pressure sensors in the lubrication system	Triggering of protections to shut down the power unit	Control of protection activation. Determining and eliminating the cause of failure. Preparing equipment for start-up
88. Failure of the main control feed valve remote control system	Alarm triggered, control feed valve position changed	Defects in the voltage supply circuits to the control feed valve	Uncontrolled change in feedwater flow. Damage to boiler heating surfaces. Triggering of automatic protections	Identification and elimination of the cause of the accident. Restoring the original mode
89. Failure in the control circuits of the blower fan motor	The alarm “Blower fan switched off”, “Vacuum in the furnace” is triggered, the DV ammeter readings drop to “0”, the arrow of the device “Vacuum at the top of the furnace” deviates to the right until it stops.	Defects in the blower fan motor control circuit	Triggering of protections to reduce the power unit load to 50%	Control of protection activation. Stabilization of 50% load. Identification and elimination of the cause of the accident. Restoring the power unit load
90. False activation of BROU blocking	The “Reduced steam pressure” alarm is triggered, the red BROU indicator light on the mimic diagram or remote control lights up; steam pressure drop; reduction of active load	False activation of blocking on automatic switching on BROU due to defects in the measurement system	Reducing the block load; transferring the boiler to the firing load	Forced closure of BROU. Identification and elimination of the cause of failure. Restoring the block load
91. False operation of the fuel regulator with failure of the lock to monitor the serviceability of the regulator	The “fuel oil pressure is low” alarm is triggered. Instrumentation devices for flow and pressure record a decrease in the measured parameters, the green light on the fuel regulator control unit comes on	Failure in the fuel regulator task generation circuits	Emergency boiler shutdown	Disabling the regulator; forced opening of the control valve. Restore original mode. Identifying and eliminating the cause of the accident

2.6. Emergency situations due to natural phenomena

Topic name	Characteristics of the emergency			Tasks of operational personnel
Topic name	Signs	Possible causes	Possible consequences	Tasks of operational personnel
92. Flooding of a flood pumping station during a rainstorm	Rising water level	Long rainfall over the power plant area	Cessation of ash and slag removal, damage to electric motors of sump pumps, shutdown of boilers (units), reduction of power plant load	Calling maintenance personnel and the fire brigade to pump out water using mobile pumps. In case of flooding of the flood pumping station, transfer of the power plant to reserve fuel
93. Destruction of an ash dump dam during an earthquake	Pulp breakthrough through the dam	Consequences of the earthquake	Stopping ash and slag removal, reducing power plant load, environmental pollution	Carrying out actions in accordance with the operational plan for eliminating accidents at the ash dump, approved by the chief engineer of the power plant
94. Turbine shutdown during earthquake	Oscillations of the building and the appearance of a signal about the activation of turbine protection due to the axial displacement of the rotor	Turbine unit foundation vibrations	Power plant load reduction	Increased load on power units remaining in operation. Listening to the turbine for any interference and starting the stopped unit from hot standby or taking the turbine out for repair
95. Medium earthquakes	Buildings shaking, large cracks appearing in walls, glass falling out		Increase in the volume of destruction with repeated shocks. Damage and shutdown of power unit equipment, power plant shutdown, loss of life	Giving orders to personnel working outside the control room to leave the premises. Return of personnel to their workplaces 10 minutes after the cessation of shocks and in the absence of new shocks. Inspecting all equipment and taking measures to start it up
96. Strong earthquake	Strong vibrations of buildings, the appearance of large cracks and destruction of walls, falling of ceiling slabs		Damage to main and auxiliary equipment, failure of the entire power plant, loss of life	Emergency shutdown of all power units, complete shutdown of the power plant. Removal of all personnel from premises to open areas
97. Damage to a reservoir dam during a flood	A sharp decrease in water level in the reservoir	Dam break during flood	Limiting or stopping the supply of cooling water, reducing the load of the power plant or stopping it, flooding the area behind the dam, causing economic damage	Carrying out actions in accordance with the operational plan of the commission for the passage of floods
98. Hurricane	The appearance of wind at a speed of 25 - 30 m/s		Breaks and short circuits on overhead lines, deformation and fall of supports, violation of the density of roofs of buildings and overpasses, falling of lightning rods, tearing of casings and thermal insulation from pipe tanks, occurrence of fires, reduction of load of the power plant or its shutdown	Adoption additional measures safety: moving to a safe distance from glazed sashes, slate walls and ceilings, turning on electrical equipment that was switched off without obvious signs damage. After the hurricane passes, taking measures to restore the power plant's operation
99. Strong hurricane	Increase in wind speed above 35 m/s		Breaks and short circuits on overhead lines, deformation and fall of supports, violation of the density of roofs of buildings and overpasses, falling lightning rods, tearing of casings and thermal insulation from pipelines and tanks, occurrence of fires, reduction of load of the power plant or its shutdown	Inspecting and taking measures to restore equipment and buildings, calling repair personnel, civil defense units and the fire brigade. Restoring the power plant

33. Emergency training is carried out in order to increase the level of knowledge and the ability of personnel to independently, quickly and technically navigate in the event of emergency conditions on equipment, to clearly apply the instructions of operating instructions, labor protection instructions, rules of technical operation and labor safety.

Emergency training is carried out:

At enterprises of electrical and thermal networks - network-wide, dispatch, district (precinct), individual (for a given workplace);

In boiler rooms - general boiler rooms and individual boiler rooms (for a given workplace).

If there is operational communication between the dispatcher and the duty officers of the districts and sections, questions of a network-wide nature are introduced into the training topics.

Emergency drills are led by:

General network - the chief engineer (his deputy) or the head of the emergency dispatch service (ADS);

Dispatchers - head of ADS (senior dispatcher);

General boiler workers - responsible for the good condition and safe operation of boilers;

District (precinct) - chief (senior dispatcher) of the district ADS;

Individual - specialists appointed by the chief engineer (head of a structural unit).

34. Operational managers, operational and maintenance personnel must participate in emergency training at least once every 3 months.

Other employees from among the managers and specialists of the organization and structural units are invited to conduct and participate in emergency training by decision of the head of the organization or the head of the structural unit.

Repair personnel participate in emergency training; during the training, their readiness to travel to the site of a simulated accident and their ability to quickly repair damage are tested.

During the year, duty dispatchers take part in the preparation and conduct of at least one emergency training in structural units with on-site training.

For single duty personnel and persons who, for any reason, did not participate in scheduled training (vacation, illness, etc.), individual training is allowed.

At new facilities of organizations during the first two years of operation, the number of training sessions may be increased at the discretion of the head of the organization.

For shift personnel in which an accident or work failure occurred due to the fault of operational or operational maintenance personnel, additional training may be assigned by order of the head of the organization.

A thematic schedule of emergency training is drawn up for a year and approved by the chief engineer. In each structural unit, an annual thematic training schedule is drawn up based on the general one for the organization, approved by the corresponding head of the unit.

35. Training topics are compiled taking into account:

Accidents and operational failures that have occurred, possible emergency conditions with equipment indicated in information and directive materials, as well as personnel actions to comply with safe working methods and eliminate accidents and operational failures;

Existing equipment defects or possible abnormal operating modes of equipment in practice;

Seasonal phenomena that threaten normal operation equipment, structures (thunderstorm, ice, flood, etc.);

Commissioning of new, unexploited equipment, circuits and modes.

The topics of emergency drills are not communicated to the personnel participating in them in advance.

36. The training leader must develop a program for organizing and conducting training.

The program should include: the previous mode of operation of the equipment, options for solving the training problem, placement of supervisors, conditioned signals, designations (tags, posters) and communication procedures. For each topic, a flow chart for the sequence of work must be developed and approved by the chief engineer of the organization for controlled persons.

37. Persons participating in training are required to comply with safety regulations. They are prohibited from carrying out any operations on operating equipment or touching mechanisms and control equipment (keys, switches, gate drives, valves, etc.).

Posters and tags used during training must comply with the requirements of the safety regulations and differ in shape and color from the corresponding posters used in operation.

Training posters with the name of the operation can be hung on the mechanisms and equipment control equipment during the training; after training, all training posters must be removed and put away.

38. At the end of the training, its leader must conduct an analysis of the actions with an assessment of the overall results of the training and the individual actions of its participants; the results are reflected in the journal with a general assessment of the training, comments on the actions of its participants.

Persons who made mistakes during training, according to the conclusion of its leader, are required to undergo additional instruction or unscheduled individual training. If the actions of the majority of training participants received an unsatisfactory assessment, then training on the same topic is carried out a second time over the next 10 days, and the repeated training is not taken into account as planned.

Persons who received an unsatisfactory assessment of actions during repeated training, to independent work are not allowed, they must undergo training and knowledge testing.

39. Fire training is carried out for the purposes of:

Systematic testing of the ability of personnel to independently, quickly and correctly navigate and act in the event of a fire at the facility;

Developing clear methods for eliminating fire situations at the facility in accordance with fire safety rules;

Checking the interaction of personnel and their ability to coordinate their actions;

Training personnel in fire prevention methods and techniques.

40. Fire training is carried out with operational managers, operational and operational maintenance personnel at least once every 3 months.

At least once every 6 months, workers of other categories are invited to participate in fire drills. Fire drills are managed by: the head of the organization (overall - by organization), the head of a structural unit (by division). Local fire authorities must be notified of the planned dates for training, and at the discretion of these authorities, representatives of these authorities may participate in them as observers.

The results of fire training are recorded in a log indicating the nature of the training.

41. By decision of the head of the organization, fire drills can be combined with emergency drills.

Russian Federation SO (Organization Standard)

SO 153-34.12.203 List of topics for emergency training of operating personnel of thermal power plants

set bookmark

SO 153-34.12.203

LIST OF TOPICS
EMERGENCY TRAINING OF OPERATING PERSONNEL OF TPP

Valid from 01/01/87
until 01.01.91*
_______________________
*See Notes label.

DEVELOPED by the enterprise "Yuzhtekhenergo" PA "Soyuztekhenergo"

PERFORMERS L.M.Bogomol, V.A.Nyukhin, V.A.Polivenok, B.S.Popovich, V.G.Ruchko

APPROVED by the State Inspectorate for the Operation of Power Plants and Networks on 10.10.86.

Chief engineer A.D. Shcherbakov

This List is intended for selecting topics and drawing up programs for emergency response training of operating personnel at all thermal power plants of the USSR Ministry of Energy.

1. General Provisions

1.1. The list of topics for emergency response training for operating personnel of thermal power plants is compiled in accordance with the requirements of the “Standard Instructions for Eliminating Accidents in the Electrical Part of Power Systems”* (Moscow: STSNTI ORGRES, 1972), “Unified Methodology for Preparation and Conducting Emergency Response Training Exercises for Personnel of Electric Power Plants and Networks”, as well as other industry guidelines and regulatory and technical documents of the USSR Ministry of Energy.

* In the territory Russian Federation The "Instructions for the prevention and elimination of accidents in the electrical part of power systems" are in effect. - Database manufacturer's note.

1.5. Local emergency training programs must be drawn up in accordance with this List of topics, taking into account the characteristics of the equipment and technological schemes for each specific thermal power plant.

1.7. The main activities of personnel in emergency conditions must be provided for by emergency instructions and determined by the following tasks:

prevention of accident development;

rapid liquidation of an emergency situation eliminating the danger to personnel and equipment;

restoration of the normal supply of electricity and heat to consumers.

Scheme of actions of operational personnel when eliminating accidents at a power plant

2. Topics of emergency training

2.1. Emergency situations at a power plant due to disruptions in the operation of the power system

Name Topics		Tasks of operational personnel
	Signs		Possible consequences
1. Increasing the frequency in the power system to 51.5 Hz	Frequency meters show an increase in frequency in the system	Excess power in the power system due to disconnection of powerful consumers and power system nodes, division of the power system	Damage to the blade apparatus of the tube, generator rotors, disconnection of generators from the network, damage to auxiliary equipment, loss of MV power	Rapid reduction of generated power by unloading, turning off part of the generators in a predetermined order, except for special cases when the reduction in power affects the stability of the MV conservation
2. Reducing the frequency in the power system to 48.5 Hz and below	Frequency meters show a decrease in frequency in the system, an alarm is triggered	Lack of generated active power in the power system or loss of generated power due to shutdown of power plants, powerful units, rupture of intersystem or intrasystem connections	Overload of generators and electric motors of MV mechanisms, reduction in the supply of pumps and draft mechanisms, overload and damage to the turbine blades, separation of generators from the network, allocation of generators to asynchronous operation with the system without loss and with loss of MV power	Loading generators to the maximum, transferring MV mechanisms to steam drive if possible. Allocation of MV for non-synchronous power supply, prevention of unacceptable overload of equipment, unloading and separation of generators from the network
3. Reduction of frequency in the power system, accompanied by a deep decrease in voltage	Voltage decreases to a value at which frequency shedding machines may fail, alarms are triggered, frequency meters show a decrease in frequency
4. Asynchronous mode in the power system	Periodic oscillations of the needles of ammeters, voltmeters, wattmeters in the circuits of generators, transformers, power lines, triggering of the "Asynchronous operation" alarm	Violation of static or dynamic stability, non-synchronous automatic reclosure, loss of excitation of powerful generators	Violation of the synchronism of the power plant in relation to the system or between parts of the power system, separation of the power plant from the power system	Immediate restoration of frequency by increasing the load or unloading generators, increasing or decreasing voltage to the maximum permissible level (according to local conditions), maintaining MV
5. Reduction of voltage in the power system below the permissible level	Network voltmeters show a decrease in voltage, the generators are being forced to excite	Shutdown of powerful power plants, shutdown of reactive power sources, appearance of an undisconnected short circuit in the system	Overload of generators, violation of the stability of parallel operation of generators, possible voltage “avalanche”	Set the maximum reactive load, take emergency overloads, reduce the active load of generators when the permissible overloads are exceeded, timely unloading of generators to the rated values of the rotor and stator currents after the overload period has expired

2.2. Emergency situations at the power plant due to disruptions in the operation of the electrical parts of the units and the power plant

Topic name	Characteristics of the emergency	Tasks of operational personnel
	Signs	Possible causes	Possible consequences
6. De-energization of the main busbars or one busbar system of one of the high voltage switchgear	Emergency shutdown of the switches of all connections of the main buses or a given bus system, the "DZSh Operation" display lights up	Triggering of differential bus protection (DBP) during a short circuit in the protection coverage area	Power system division	Supplying voltage to de-energized buses, providing MV power, separating damaged equipment, turning off and connecting disconnected generators to the network, turning on disconnected connections, preventing asynchronous switching on
7. De-energization of the main busbars or one busbar system of one of the high voltage switchgear	Emergency shutdown of the switches of all connections of de-energized buses, the “Breaker Failure Operation” display lights up and the display of the connection protection operation on which the short circuit occurred	Triggering of a breaker failure failure when there is a delay in disconnecting the connection switch on which a short circuit has occurred
8. De-energization of the main busbars or one busbar system of one of the high voltage switchgear	Emergency shutdown of the switches of all connections of de-energized buses, the “DFZ Operation” or “Breaker Failure Operation” display lights up	False activation of DFZ and breaker failure protection	Disconnection and shutdown of generators, failure of MV power supply, overload of equipment and overhead lines, reduction in frequency and voltage in the power system	Supplying voltage to de-energized buses, providing MV power, turning off and connecting disconnected generators to the network, turning on disconnected connections, preventing asynchronous switching on
9. De-energization of the main buses or one bus system of one of the high voltage switchgear	Emergency shutdown of the switches of all connections, except one, the “Breaker Failure Operation”, “Failure to Switch Phases” displays, and the connection protection operation displays light up	Triggering of a breaker failure failure in case of failure to open the circuit breaker of one of the connections	Disconnection and shutdown of generators, failure of MV power supply, overload of equipment and overhead lines, reduction of voltage in the power system, long-term asynchronous mode leading to disconnection of overhead lines	Disabling a defective switch or removing it from the circuit in the event of a disconnection failure, supplying voltage to the busbars, providing MV power, turning off and connecting disconnected generators to the network, turning on disconnected connections, preventing asynchronous switching on
10. De-energization of the main busbars or one busbar system of one of the high voltage switchgear	Emergency shutdown of generator-transformer unit switches and communication autotransformer from maximum protection, lighting of the connection protection operation panel	Refusal to operate the protective shutter during a short circuit in the protection zone		Disabling connection switches if the location of the short circuit has not been established, supplying voltage to buses, providing MV power, separating damaged equipment, turning off and connecting disconnected generators to the network, turning on disconnected connections, preventing asynchronous switching on
11. De-energization of the main busbars or one busbar system of one of the high voltage switchgear	Emergency shutdown of generator-transformer block switches and communication autotransformers, connection protection operation displays light up	Non-tripped short circuits on one of the connections	Disconnection and shutdown of generators, failure of MV power supply, overload of equipment and overhead lines, reduction in frequency and voltage in the power system	Turning off the connection switch where the short circuit occurred, supplying voltage to the buses, providing MV power, turning off and connecting disconnected generators to the network, turning on disconnected connections, preventing asynchronous switching on
12. De-energization of the main busbars or one busbar system of one of the high voltage switchgear	Emergency shutdown of switches of generator-transformer units and communication autotransformers, the connection protection display lights up	Failure to operate the breaker failure protection device when the circuit breaker of one of the connections fails to be turned off		Disabling or removing a damaged circuit breaker from the circuit, supplying voltage to the buses, providing MV power, turning off and connecting disconnected generators to the network, turning on disconnected connections, preventing asynchronous switching on
13. Emergency shutdown of one or more generators from the network in case of damage to outdoor switchgear equipment	Switching off the generator-transformer unit switches by protections, shedding the load, the protection operation display lights up	The occurrence of a short circuit in the primary circuits when the wire of the outdoor switchgear busbar is broken, when the arrester is damaged, erroneous actions of personnel in the primary or secondary circuits	Shutdown of generators, failure of MV power supply, overload of equipment and overhead lines, reduction of frequency and voltage in the power system	Providing MV power, maximizing the load of generators remaining in operation, eliminating equipment overloads, identifying and separating damaged equipment from the circuit, putting switched-off equipment into operation and taking the load
14. Emergency disconnection of the generator from the network in case of equipment damage	Disabling the generator-transformer block switches with protections	The occurrence of a short circuit when the current transformer is damaged	Generator shutdown, loss of MV power, damage to the equipment of neighboring cells of the outdoor switchgear, ignition of the oil of a damaged turbogenerator, spread of fire to the equipment of neighboring cells	Providing MV power supply, maximum load of generators remaining in operation, fire extinguishing, removal of damaged equipment for repair
15. Malfunction of the automatic generator excitation regulator	The appearance of spontaneous “swings” of the current and excitation voltage of the generator in the absence of disturbances in the power system	Violation in the ARV circuits. The appearance of “swings” in the output signal at the AVR output	The appearance of false boosts and underexcitation modes of the generator. Reduced stability of parallel operation of the generator with the network. Disconnecting the generator from the network	Disabling the ARV generator and switching to manual control. Transferring the generator to backup excitation. Taking measures to eliminate the ARV malfunction. Transferring the generator from standby excitation to working excitation. Putting ARV to work
16. Loss of excitation on the generator	Consumption of reactive power by the generator, partial discharge of the active load and its fluctuation, stator current overload, increase in rotation speed, decrease in stator voltage	Violations in the excitation system, erroneous actions of personnel	Reducing the voltage level on the power plant buses, increasing the temperature of the generator windings, increasing vibration, disconnecting the generator from the network	Rapid unloading of the generator in terms of active power, raising the reactive load on other generators, restoring excitation on the generator
17. All-round light on the collector of the backup exciter (RV) when the generator is operating on backup excitation	Sparking, all-round fire on the RV manifold	Malfunction of the commutator or brush apparatus, contamination of the commutator with coal dust, damage to the insulation of the commutator plates, increased vibration	Damage to the radio, loss of generator excitation, loss of synchronism and disconnection from the network	Reducing the voltage on the radio to the maximum permissible level from the condition of generator stability. When the all-round light disappears, switch the generator to operating excitation. If it is impossible to transfer the generator to operating excitation - unload and turn off the generator, de-excite and turn off the radio, take the generator out for repair
18. Cooling water leak on the generator high-frequency excitation rectifier unit	Water leakage from the rectifier unit	Rupture of the fluoroplastic tube on the water manifold of the rectifier unit	Moistening the insulation. Short circuit on the rectifier unit. Loss of excitation on the generator, its transition to asynchronous mode and disconnection from the network	Reducing the excitation voltage to a level acceptable under the conditions of generator stability. Simultaneously stopping the water supply to the rectifier device and transferring the generator to the RV. Taking out the rectifier unit for repair
19. Short circuit to ground at one point of the generator rotor winding or a decrease in the insulation resistance of the rotor winding below the permissible level	Triggering of the "Ground in the excitation circuits" alarm	Damage to the insulation of the generator rotor winding or a decrease in its resistance	The occurrence of a ground fault in the rotor winding at two points. Damage to the winding and active steel of the rotor. The appearance of generator rotor vibration	Checking the insulation resistance of the excitation circuits to determine the correct operation of the alarm. Transferring the generator from working excitation to standby excitation, followed by checking the insulation resistance of the excitation circuits. If restoration of insulation fails, unload the generator, disconnect it from the network and take it out for repairs.
20. Emergency shutdown of the block in case of damage to the block transformer	Emergency shutdown of the unit switch and AGP, lighting up of the unit transformer protection panel	Damage to the internal insulation of the transformer or its terminals	Oil release from the transformer and its fire, loss of MV power	Providing power to 6 and 0.4 kV MV sections and switchboards, maximum load of generators remaining in operation, extinguishing fires, taking the unit out for repairs
21. Emergency shutdown of the unit in case of damage to the unit transformer		External damage and overlapping insulation of the external parts of the transformer bushing	Damage to insulating structures, turn-to-turn short circuits in windings, phase-to-ground short circuits, local overheating of steel, oil decomposition and ignition	Analysis of the information received on the operation of relay protection and automation, provision of power to MV sections and switchboards, maximum load of generators remaining in operation, fire extinguishing, removal of the unit for repair
22. Fire in cable facilities under the control room, in cable lines	Appearance of a warning system signal, smoke and fire at the source of the fire	Occurrence of a short circuit in the cable, ignition of spilled oil	Loss of power unit control, false operation of protections, automation, unloading, shutdown of power units	Localization and extinguishing of fire with a stationary fire extinguishing system and with the help of a fire brigade, de-energizing cables if possible, unloading and stopping units (if necessary)
23. Single-phase shutdown of block circuit breaker during protection operation and failure of breaker failure protection	Triggering of the alarm "Failure to switch phases of the circuit breaker"; the presence of currents in two phases of the generator, determined by kiloammeters on the control room panel	Mechanical malfunctions of two-phase switch drives	The appearance of a significant negative sequence current in the stator winding. Overheating of the rotor, damage to the insulation of the generator rotor winding. Transfer of the generator to motor mode	Repeated shutdown of the circuit breaker using the control key from the control room console. If an attempt is unsuccessful to turn off adjacent switches, the bus system to which the unit is connected is de-energized
24. Turning around the power plant after an emergency shutdown with loss of steam and electrical power supplies	All units of the power plant were shut down with loss of electrical and steam power supply.	Operation of the power plant according to schemes that do not provide the required reliability in case of accidents in the power system or at the power plant, personnel errors during emergency response	Prolonged downtime of the power plant, undersupply of electricity, equipment damage	Separation of damaged equipment, preparation of circuits, supplying voltage to 6 kV buses from backup power sources, turning on the starting boiler room and all extraneous steam sources, alternate or partially combined start-up of power units
25. De-energization of the 6 kV MV section with unsuccessful activation of the backup input switch	Emergency shutdown of the operating power switch of the 6 kV MV section and unsuccessful ATS, the “Call to 6 kV section” display lights up, emergency shutdown of the electric motors of the MV mechanisms of the damaged section	The occurrence of a short circuit on a 6 kV MV section or an undisconnected short circuit on the connection of this section	Load shedding, loss of MV power, fire in 6 kV switchgear, generator disconnection from the network	Providing power to undamaged sections and switchboards of 6 and 0.4 kV, monitoring the switching on of backup pumps, keeping the unit in operation, removing damaged equipment from the circuit, maximum load of operating units, extinguishing a fire, restoring power to the section and load of the unit

2.3. Emergency situations at a power plant due to malfunctions of boiler equipment

Topic name	Characteristics of the emergency	Tasks of operational personnel
	Signs	Possible causes	Possible consequences
26. Sharp reduction in feedwater consumption to 30% of nominal and below	A sharp decrease in the total consumption of feedwater and by stream; reduction of feedwater pressure in front of the boiler; feed pump overload; pressure reduction to the built-in valve (for once-through boilers); reducing the water level in the drum; discrepancy in readings of water and steam flow meters; reducing water pressure upstream and downstream of the adjustable feed valve (RPV); increase in temperature along the once-through boiler path	Rupture of the supply pipeline in front of the reduced supply unit	Damage to auxiliary equipment by a jet of water in the area of the rupture, threat to personnel safety,	; implementation of measures aimed at localizing the accident and ensuring the safety of personnel (removing people from the dangerous area, disconnecting the damaged section of the pipeline, reducing the pressure in the supply pipelines to zero; removing steam from the room, etc.); operation of other boilers (units) with the maximum possible load; start-up of backup boilers; determining the cause of the accident and providing conditions for repair work
27. Sharp reduction in feedwater consumption to 30% of nominal and below	A sharp decrease in the total consumption of feedwater and by stream; reduction of water pressure behind the RPK; reducing water pressure in front of the built-in valve (for once-through boilers); reducing the water level in the drum; position indicator (UP) of the RPK at “zero”, discrepancy in readings of water and steam flow meters; increasing the pressure in the supply pipeline after the feed pumps and before the RPK	Spontaneous closure of the PKK	Damage to boiler heating surfaces	Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit) if it is impossible to open the RPK manually within 30 s (for direct-flow boilers) or the water level in the drum decreases; opening of RPK bypasses; operation of other units with the maximum possible load, start-up of backup boilers; determining the cause of the accident and providing conditions for repair work
28. Sharp reduction in feedwater consumption to 30% of nominal and below	A sharp decrease in the total consumption of feedwater and by stream; reduction of feed water pressure in front of the boiler behind the RPK and in front of the built-in valve (for a once-through boiler); lighting (blinking) of a green light on the mimic diagram or on the control panel of the feed pump; a decrease in the water level in the drum, a discrepancy in the readings of water and steam flow meters, an increase in the temperature of the medium along the once-through boiler path	Disabling the feed pump	Damage to boiler heating surfaces	Switching on the backup pump; emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit) in case of failure to turn on the backup pump via ATS; operation of other boilers (units) with the maximum possible load; start-up of backup boilers; identifying and eliminating the cause of the pump shutdown
29. A sharp decrease in steam pressure behind the boiler	A sharp decrease in steam pressure behind the boiler and in front of the turbine; strong impact and noise in the area of the rupture; dumping the active load of the turbogenerator; reduction of steam consumption in front of the turbine; reduction of pressure in the boiler drum; reducing the temperature of fresh steam behind the boiler; increase in reheat steam temperature, increase in water level in the drum	Main steam line rupture	Damage to auxiliary equipment due to steam jet, threat to personnel safety	Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit); implementation of measures aimed at localizing accidents and ensuring personnel safety (removing people from the danger zone, disconnecting a damaged steam line, reducing the pressure in the boiler and steam line to zero); operation of other boilers (units) with the maximum possible load; start-up of backup boilers; determining the cause of the accident and providing conditions for repair work
30. A sharp decrease in steam pressure behind the boiler	A sharp decrease in steam pressure behind the boiler and in front of the turbine; loud noise in the boiler room; the red signal lamp of the pulse safety valve (IPV) lights up; reduction of pressure in the drum; dumping the active load of the turbogenerator; reduction of steam consumption; reducing the steam temperature behind the boiler and in front of the turbine; increase in reheat steam temperature; increasing the water level in the drum	Spontaneous opening of the pulse safety valve on the boiler	Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit)	Closing the IPK remotely or locally; transferring the boiler to the firing load; work from other boilers with the maximum possible load; restoration of the original load. If it is impossible to close the IPC, shut down the boiler by order of the chief engineer of the power plant
31. A sharp decrease in steam pressure behind the boiler	A sharp decrease in steam pressure behind the boiler and in front of the turbine; appearance of noise; lighting of the red signal light on the mimic diagram or BROU remote control; dumping the active load of the turbogenerator; reduction of pressure in the drum; increasing the water level in the drum; reducing the steam temperature behind the boiler; increase in steam temperature behind the BROU	Spontaneous opening of the BROU, which is in automatic mode	Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit), damage to the condenser tubes	Forced closure of BROU; inclusion of BROU injections and into the BROU discharge pipelines in front of the condenser; transferring the boiler to the firing load; operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load; finding out the reason for closing the BROU, restoring the original load. If it is impossible to close the BROU, shut down the boiler (unit) by order of the chief engineer of the power plant
32. A sharp increase in steam pressure behind the boiler	A sharp increase in steam pressure behind the boiler and gas flow to the boiler; sudden appearance of loud noise in the boiler room; the red warning light comes on; opening of the IPC; increase in temperature along the boiler path; increasing pressure in the drum; reducing the water level in the drum	Failure to operate the gas pressure regulator in the gas distribution dividing point (GRP)	Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit)	Covering the boiler gas control valve; turning off part of the burners on the boiler to restore the previous gas flow; taking measures to restore the functionality of the pressure regulator; after eliminating faults, loading the boiler to the initial load
33. A sharp increase in steam pressure behind the boiler	A sharp increase in steam pressure behind the boiler and in front of the turbine, a decrease in the active load of the turbogenerator to zero, the red signal light for opening the IPC comes on; loud noise in the boiler room; the green signal light of the stop valves on the mimic diagram or remote control lights up, the pressure in the drum increases; reducing the water level in the drum	Closing turbine stop valves		Opening the BROU and transferring the boiler to the firing load, operating other boilers with the maximum possible load, finding out the reason for closing the stop valves. When the stop valves are closed and the vacuum in the turbine fails, the actions of the operating personnel should be aimed at sequentially performing emergency shutdown operations of the boiler (unit)
34. Reducing the temperature of the fresh steam of the drum boiler to the first protection limit	Reducing the steam temperature behind the boiler and along the superheating path; increasing the water level at all water indicators; The “High level in the boiler drum” indicator lights up, the steam temperature decreases	Boiler drum refilling	Moisture entering the turbine, damage to the turbine flow path, emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit)	Performing operations to reduce the water level in the drum, opening an emergency release when the water level in the drum rises to the first limit; reducing feedwater consumption, increasing the unit load to the nominal value, eliminating valve leaks, eliminating malfunctions of automatic power supply and RPK. When the water level in the drum rises to the second limit (if the protection fails), an emergency shutdown of the boiler and shutdown of the turbine
35. Reducing the temperature of the fresh steam of the drum boiler to the first protection limit	Reducing the steam temperature behind the boiler and along the superheating path; The "Steam Temperature Decrease" display lights up	Malfunction of automatic control of the final injection valve	Emergency shutdown of the turbine (unit)	Transition to remote control; eliminating the defect, restoring the boiler to normal temperature conditions
36. Reducing the temperature of the fresh steam of the drum boiler to the first protection limit	Reducing the steam temperature behind the boiler and along the superheating path; the “Reducing steam temperature” display lights up; drop in ammeter readings of two mill fans (MV) to zero; The “MV Shutdown” display lights up, the green lights of the dust feeders blink	Disabling two mill fans (APF triggered)	Reducing block load	Performing operations to maintain the operability of the boiler (unloading the boiler, turning on all additional nozzles), operating other units with the maximum possible load, finding out the reasons for shutting down the MB, troubleshooting and putting the MB and dust preparation system back into operation
37. A sharp decrease in pressure in the hot reheating pipeline of one stream, accompanied by the sudden appearance of loud noise	A sharp decrease in steam pressure in the hot reheat pipeline, the sudden appearance of a sharp noise, a decrease in pressure in the cold reheat pipeline, a decrease in the active load on the turbogenerator, a decrease in the temperature of the hot reheat steam	Hot reheat pipeline rupture	Damage to auxiliary equipment at the rupture site, threat to personnel safety	Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit), implementation of measures to localize the accident (removing people from the danger zone, disconnecting the damaged steam line, reducing the pressure to zero in the steam line, removing steam from the room, etc.); operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load, switching on backup boilers; determining the cause of the accident and providing conditions for repair work
38. Reduced steam production	Deviation in the readings of the heat load regulator, a significant increase in the rotation speed of the dust feeders on the SBR indicator (stepless control station, unstable readings of oxygen meters, a decrease in the steam output of the boiler, a decrease in the dust level in the bunker	Receipt of fuel of poor quality	Reduced load on units, deterioration of boiler combustion conditions	Supply of reserve fuel (fuel oil, gas) for lighting, operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load, start-up of stopped boilers; reduction of dust temperature behind the mill within acceptable limits to increase mill productivity
39. Reduced steam production duration of pulverized coal boilers	The signs are the same as in paragraph 38. Additional signs: coal sticking in the bunker and in the fuel transfer units	Input of wet fuel	Deep reduction of block load	The same as in paragraph 38. Additionally, taking measures to eliminate coal sticking in bunkers and fuel transfer units
40. Reducing the water level in the boiler drum to the lower permissible limit	A decrease in the water level in the drum according to level gauges, the appearance of pressure and sudden noise in the furnace, the “Low water level in the drum” indicator lights up.	Screen pipe rupture	Damage to boiler heating surfaces, threat to personnel safety	Taking measures to ensure personnel safety (cessation of work, removal of people from the danger zone, strengthening control over the water level in the drum, combustion mode and temperature level of the boiler; emergency shutdown of the boiler); operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load
41. Reducing the water level in the boiler drum to the lower permissible limit	A decrease in the water level in the drum according to level gauges, a decrease in feed water consumption, the “Low water level in the drum” indicator lights up, a decrease in feed water pressure after the RPK	Malfunction of the power regulator valve (jamming, gearbox failure, etc.)	Emergency reduction of water level in the drum, damage to the heating surfaces of the boiler	Taking measures to increase the water level in the drum, opening the bypasses of the power supply unit, turning on the backup PEN, unloading the boiler; identifying the cause and taking corrective action; operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load; restoration of original load
42. Extinguishing of the torch of a pulverized coal boiler operating on fuel oil	A sharp drop in fuel oil pressure behind the control valve and in the main fuel oil pipeline, a sharp decrease in fuel oil consumption, and the appearance of a fuel oil leak	Main fuel oil pipeline rupture	Impossibility of lighting boilers in the absence of starting fuel, deterioration of the combustion mode due to the release of liquid slag at reduced loads without fuel oil illumination, fire of fuel oil at the rupture site	Organization of measures aimed at localizing the accident (switching off the fuel oil pumping station, disconnecting the damaged fuel oil pipeline, taking fire safety measures), operating other boilers with the maximum possible load, finding out the reasons for the rupture of the fuel oil pipeline, providing conditions for repair work
43. Extinguishing of the torch of a pulverized coal boiler operating on fuel oil	A sharp drop in fuel oil pressure behind the control valve, a sharp decrease in fuel oil consumption to the boiler, and the appearance of a fuel oil leak in front of the boiler	Rupture of the fuel oil pipeline of the boiler fuel oil ring		Organization of measures aimed at localizing the accident (switching off the damaged area, taking fire safety measures), operating other boilers with the maximum possible load, identifying the causes of the rupture and providing conditions for repair work
44. A sharp increase in pressure in the firebox	The arrow of the "Vacuum at the top of the furnace" device deviates to the right until it stops, the ammeter readings of the smoke exhauster drop to zero, the green signal light of the smoke exhauster lights up (flashes) on the mimic diagram or remote control, the light displays "Smoke exhauster shutdown" and "Pressure in the furnace" light up.	Disabling one of the two working smoke exhausters	Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit)	Reducing the boiler load to 50-60% of the nominal load; operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load; start-up of backup boilers; identifying and eliminating the cause of the smoke exhauster shutdown; starting the smoke exhauster and restoring the original load
45. A sharp increase in pressure in the furnace	The arrow of the "Vacuum at the top of the furnace" instrument deviates to the right until it stops, the light display "Pressure at the top of the furnace" lights up, the position indicator of the smoke exhauster guide vane is at zero; sharp decrease in hot air temperature	Spontaneous closing of the exhaust fan guide vane		Reducing the boiler load to a value that ensures normal vacuum in the furnace; operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load, identifying and eliminating the reason for the closure of the guide vane; restoration of original load
46. A sharp increase in pressure in the firebox	The arrow of the "Vacuum at the top of the furnace" instrument deviates to the right until it stops, the "Pressure in the furnace" display lights up, the green signal light of the damper in front of the RVP lights up on the mnemonic diagram or remote control; reduction of hot air temperature	Spontaneous closing of gas valves in front of the RVP of a monoblock boiler	Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit)	Disabling one DC and DV; reducing the boiler load to 50-60% of the nominal value; operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load, identifying and eliminating the reason for closing the gate; starting DS and DV and restoring the original load
47. Sharp increase in vacuum in the firebox	Deviation to the right until the arrow of the "Vacuum at the top of the furnace" device stops; the DV ammeter readings drop to zero; lighting (blinking) of the green DV light on the mimic diagram or remote control; The light display "Disconnection of DV" lights up	Disabling one of the two working blower fans		Unloading the boiler to 50-60% of the nominal; operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load, start-up of reserve boilers; identifying and eliminating the cause of the DV shutdown, starting the DV and restoring the original load
48. A sharp increase in vacuum in the furnace	Deviation to the left until the arrow of the "Vacuum at the top of the furnace" device stops; deviation of the arrow of the position indicator of the DV guide vane to zero, a sharp increase in the temperature of the flue gases	Spontaneous closing of the guide vane of one blower fan		The same goes for finding out the reason for closing the guide vane.
49. A sharp increase in vacuum in the furnace	Deviation to the left until the arrow of the "Vacuum at the top of the furnace" device stops; the green signal light of the air damper behind the RVP lights up; sharp increase in flue gas temperature	Spontaneous closing of the air damper behind the RVP of the monoblock boiler		The same as in paragraph 47 and finding out the reason for closing the gate
50. Increase in flue gas temperature	A sharp increase in the temperature of the flue gases, a sharp decrease in the temperature of the hot air, the “RVP shutdown” display lights up, the green signal light for RVP shutdown flashes on the mimic diagram, the appearance of pressure in the furnace	Disabling one of the two working RVP of the monoblock boiler	Reduced load of the unit, damage and failure of the RVP	Disabling DV and DS. Unloading the boiler to 50-60% of the nominal, operating other boilers with the maximum possible load, mobilizing reserve power (starting reserve boilers), turning on the RVP and restoring the original load
51. Increase in flue gas temperature	Increase in flue gas temperature and hot air temperature; reducing the temperature difference: air at the outlet, gases at the inlet to the RAH; the appearance of smoke from RVP hatches; redness of the casing of the RVP body	Ignition of deposits in RVP	Damage and failure of the RVP and other boiler equipment	Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit), taking measures to extinguish the fire, blocking the boiler along the gas-air path, turning on the fire extinguishing system, turning on the RVP water cleaning apparatus, calling the fire brigade, connecting fire hoses, operating other boilers with the maximum possible load, turning on backup boilers; determining the cause of the fire and providing conditions for eliminating the consequences of the fire
52. Increase in flue gas temperature	An increase in the temperature of the flue gases and the temperature of the gases behind the water economizer, the opening of the guide vanes of the smoke exhausters, the appearance of pressure in the furnace, the knocking out of flue gases through hatches and leaks in the furnace, the knocking out of flue gases from the RAH and leaks in the flue boxes behind the boiler	Ignition of deposits in a convective shaft	Damage and failure of the boiler and auxiliary equipment	Emergency shutdown of the boiler (unit), taking measures to extinguish the fire (turning on the fire extinguishing system, calling the fire brigade, supplying steam to purge the nozzles into the firebox, connecting fire hoses and supplying water through hatches into the convective shaft, turning on the RVP water cleaning apparatus); operation of other boilers with the maximum possible load; mobilization of reserve power (switching on reserve boilers); determining the cause of the fire and providing conditions for eliminating the consequences of the fire
53. A sharp decrease in the temperature of hot air behind the RAH	The indicator “Disconnection or malfunction of the RVP” lights up; The green RVP light comes on (blinking)	Disabling one of the two operating RVP boilers	Reducing the block load. Damage and failure of the RVP	Disabling the corresponding DV and DS. Unloading the boiler to 50-60% of the rated load, taking measures to prevent the RVP from jamming (periodically turning the RVP manually); loading other boilers; turning on the RVP and restoring the original load
54. Stopping the supply of solid fuel		Shutdown of all fuel conveyor belts	Partial load shedding due to shutdown of individual units (boilers).	Immediate unloading of solid fuel boilers. Full load of working torch illumination nozzles or inclusion of additional burner nozzles on full performance. Starting backup boilers using pilot or reserve fuel. Taking measures to eliminate the emergency situation and restore the original load
55. Limitation of solid fuel supply to blocks	Action of light and sound alarm. Receipt of messages to the control room from fuel supply personnel on duty	Rupture of the transport tape in the fuel supply path	Partial load shedding due to shutdown of individual units (boilers)	Loading boilers up to maximum load. Starting backup boilers using pilot or reserve fuel. Taking measures to repair the conveyor belt. Restoring the original load
56. Emergency transition from fuel oil to gas in case of sudden restriction of fuel oil supply to boilers	A sharp decrease in fuel oil pressure in the main fuel oil pipelines, before and behind the control valves; sharp reduction in fuel oil consumption; reduction in steam output of drum boilers; reduction of parameters along the duct of once-through boilers; sharp decrease in flue gas temperature in the rotating chamber	Disabling the second lift pumps of the fuel oil pumping station	Partial load shedding due to shutdown of individual boilers (units). Complete power plant load shedding without or with loss of MV power	Immediate unloading of gas-oil boilers operating on fuel oil; immediate transfer of boilers to gas combustion with subsequent activation of protection to reduce gas and air pressure; ensuring normal gas supply to boilers; launch of reserve boilers using natural gas; taking measures to eliminate the emergency situation at the fuel oil pumping station
57. Emergency transition from fuel oil to gas in the event of a sudden stop in the supply of fuel oil to the boilers	A sharp decrease in fuel oil pressure in main fuel oil pipelines. A sharp decrease in fuel oil pressure upstream and downstream of the control valves to the level of protection; sharp reduction in fuel oil consumption; reduction of steam output of drum boilers; reduction of parameters along the duct of once-through boilers; sharp decrease in flue gas temperature in the rotating chamber		Complete power plant load shedding without or with loss of MV power	Monitoring the actions of protection systems for emergency shutdown of boilers; immediate lighting of stopped boilers and start-up of units using reserve fuel (gas); ensuring normal gas supply to boilers; launch of reserve boilers using natural gas; operation of units on gas with the maximum possible load; taking measures to eliminate the emergency situation at the fuel oil pumping station
58. Emergency transition from gas to fuel oil in case of sudden limitation of gas supply to boilers	A sharp decrease in gas pressure in front of the boilers to a level exceeding its protection activation setting; a sharp reduction in gas consumption for boilers; reduction in the steam output of drum boilers, reduction in parameters along the duct of once-through boilers, a sharp decrease in the temperature of the flue gases in the rotary chamber	Malfunction and unreliable operation of hydraulic fracturing gas pressure regulators	Partial load shedding of the power plant. Complete power plant load shedding without or with loss of electrical and steam auxiliary needs	Immediate unloading of operating gas boilers; transfer of boilers to combustion of fuel oil from fuel oil pipelines in reserve; turning on additional fuel oil pumps and increasing the temperature of the fuel oil to the nominal temperature; launch of reserve boilers using fuel oil; operation of units with the maximum possible load, taking measures to restore the functionality of hydraulic fracturing pressure regulators
59. Emergency transition from gas to fuel oil in case of sudden cessation of gas supply to boilers	A sharp decrease in gas pressure in front of the boilers to the protection level; sharp reduction in gas consumption; reduction of steam output of drum boilers; reduction of parameters along the duct of once-through boilers; sharp decrease in gas temperature in the rotating chamber		Complete power plant load shedding without or with loss of MV power	Monitoring the actions of protections for emergency shutdown of units; immediate ignition of stopped boilers and start-up of fuel oil-fired units. Turning on additional fuel oil pumps and increasing the temperature of the fuel oil to the nominal temperature; lighting of reserve boilers using fuel oil; operation of units with the maximum possible load; taking measures to restore the functionality of hydraulic fracturing pressure regulators

2.4. Emergency situations at a power plant due to disruptions in the operation of turbine equipment

Topic name	Characteristics of the emergency	Tasks of operational personnel
	Signs	Possible causes	Possible consequences
60. Irregularities in the operation of the direct-flow technical water supply system	Drop in water level in the supply channels of the coastal pumping station (BPS), drop in water pressure in front of the condensers, fluctuations in the load of circulation pumps, decrease in vacuum	Clogging of rough turbine water intake screens in front of the BPS with ice		Unloading the blocks and turning off one circulation pump per block, closing the drain valve and turning on permanent job ejector of the operating circulation water pipeline, turning on all ejectors of the turbine unit, engaging repair personnel for mechanical cleaning of coarse screens, opening hot water recirculation on the suction side of the BNS
61. Irregularities in the operation of the direct-flow technical water supply system	Increased water drop on rotating screens, drop in water pressure in front of condensers, fluctuations in the load of circulation pumps, breakdown of siphons in drain circulation water lines, decrease in vacuum	Clogging rotating BNS grids with sludge	Damage to circulation pumps, vacuum drop, unit shutdown	Inclusion of all rotating screens in continuous operation, supply of hot water to them and continuous cleaning with available means; unloading of blocks by vacuum, when individual rotating grids become jammed, stopping the corresponding circulation pumps; activation of all ejectors of the turbine vacuum system and condenser drain chambers; monitoring the operation of oil coolers and cooling systems of generators, if necessary, switching them to a backup supply of process water. Periodic turning on and off of stopped circulation pumps to supply heated water to the suction chambers of the pumps
62. Irregularities in the operation of the direct-flow technical water supply system	Decrease in water pressure in front of the condenser, decrease in vacuum, flooding of premises	Rupture of the pressure circulation water line or circulation water collector	Vacuum drop, rapid unloading or unit shutdown	Disconnection of the damaged section of the collector; turning off the circulation pump operating on a damaged section of the collector or on a damaged circulation water line; unloading units to reduce the supply of circulating water, transferring circulating water consumers to a backup source
63. Irregularities in the operation of the direct-flow technical water supply system	Failure of the siphons of the drain circulation water lines, an increase in oil temperatures after oil coolers and gas in the generator, a decrease in vacuum, an increase in the pressure of circulating water in front of one of the condenser halves	Clogging with sludge and rupture of the rotating nets of the BNS	Clogged condenser tube sheets, vacuum drop, unit shutdown	Unloading the unit by vacuum, turning off (for cleaning the tube sheet) that half of the condenser in front of which the pressure of the circulating water has noticeably increased
64. Irregularities in the operation of the direct-flow technical water supply system	Rapid increase in water level in the reservoir (at the BNS water intake). Flooding of the BNS premises	Flood. Malfunction of gates on spillways from the reservoir	Turning off circulation pumps, stopping units	Full opening of the gates at the discharges from the reservoir, inclusion of all rotating screens and pumps for pumping water from the BNS into constant operation. If it is impossible to prevent flooding of the electric motors, stop all circulation pumps and disassemble electrical diagrams electric motors
65. Irregularities in the operation of the direct-flow technical water supply system	Drop in water pressure in front of the condenser, failure of the siphon, decrease in vacuum	Damage to the circulation pump	Vacuum drop in the turbine condenser, unit load reduction	Switching on all ejectors of the turbine unit, switching the turbine to work with one circulation pump, unloading the unit by vacuum
66. Irregularities in the operation of the technical recycling water supply system	Stopping the supply of make-up water	Damage, rupture of the additional water pipeline. Broken valve stem on the make-up water pipeline	Gradual decrease in water flow, decrease in vacuum, shutdown of the unit	Transfer of intrablock consumers of circulating water to backup sources of process water. Maximum reduction of water removal from the cycle. Elimination (with the involvement of repair personnel) of the reason for stopping the supply of additional water (damage to the pipeline, breakage of the valve stem, etc.)
67. A sharp drop in outside temperature	Reducing the ambient temperature of workshop premises. Disabling a mechanism (for example, a feed pump) due to a false protection trigger	A sharp drop in outside temperature	Freezing of connecting tubes of device sensors, false activation of protections, shutdown of units	Sealing of workshop premises; activation of additional heating devices for workshops (heaters, barbecues, etc.), backup equipment; shutting down some of the operating cooling towers to increase the temperature of the circulating water (CHP with recycled water supply)
68. Disturbances in the operation of the heat supply system	A sharp decrease in pressure in the return network water line	Damage to the return network water line	Disconnection of the heat consumer. Unloading turbine units	Turning on emergency recharge of the heating network, unloading heating installations, turning off part of the network pumps and the damaged section of the heating network
69. Irregularities in the operation of the heat supply system	A sharp decrease in pressure in the direct network water line, an increase in the consumption of network water	Damage to the direct network water main		Disabling the damaged area. Unloading heating units. Repairing damage
70. Irregularities in the operation of the heat supply system	Flooding of basements, workshop premises and strong vaporization	Damage to intra-shop network water pipelines	Shutdown of heating units and turbine units	Disabling (sectioning) the damaged area; removing voltage from electrical equipment caught in a flood zone; transfer of consumers to backup sources. Maintaining a minimum level of pressure in the return manifold of the heating network and reducing the heating temperature of the network water to 60-70 °C. Removing hot water from workshop basements
71. Irregularities in the operation of the heat supply system	Overflow of heating plant heaters due to leaks in the pipe system. Jamming of rotary diaphragms of district heating extractions	Disruption of normal operation of the heating plant	Damage to the main equipment of the turbine unit	Shutdown of the damaged heating installation, transfer of heat consumers to backup sources
72. Damage to the turbine unit	Increase in axial displacement and relative expansion of the turbine rotor, temperature of the thrust bearing pads, temperature of the oil at the drain from the bearing	Damage to the turbine thrust bearing	Destruction of the thrust bearing and turbine rotor	Operations for emergency shutdown of a unit with vacuum failure
73. Damage to the turbine unit	A sudden sharp increase in vibration of one or more turbine bearings and an increase in the hardness of the condensate in the condenser	Damage to low pressure turbine rotor blades	Damage to turbine rotor and bearings
74. Violation of normal operation of the turbine regeneration system	A rapid increase in the water level in one of the high pressure pumps when the unit is operating at rated load. Failure of protection "Increase in level in PVD-1 limit"	Leaking heater pipe system	Throwing water into the turbine, damaging it
75. Malfunctions in the operation of the condensing unit		The appearance of leaks in the vacuum system
76. Malfunctions in the operation of the condensing unit	Rapid drop in vacuum according to the readings of the main and backup instruments	Reducing circulation water consumption	Emergency stop of the unit. Damage to low pressure turbine rotors	Unloading the block by vacuum. Identifying and eliminating the cause of the vacuum drop
77. Malfunctions in the operation of the condensing unit		Violation of normal operation of ejectors
78. Rupture of the oil line in the area of the turbine bearing. Oil ignition	Drop in oil pressure. Signs of a fire	Vibration and rupture of the oil line, ignition of oil that gets on hot surfaces	Damage to the turbine unit. Fire spread to turbine oil tank	Stopping the unit with vacuum failure. Fire extinguishing. Operations to eliminate oil leaks and localize the fire zone
79. Malfunctions in the turbine oil system	Reduced oil level in the turbine oil tank	Clogged oil tank screens. Interblock oil flows along communication lines. The appearance of leaks in the oil system	Block stop. Fire	Identifying and eliminating the cause of a decrease in the oil level in the oil tank, adding oil to the oil tank, and if necessary, stopping the turbine unit
80. Malfunctions in the turbine oil system	Drop in oil pressure in the turbine lubrication system	Malfunctions of the drain valve, oil pumps and their AVR. Leakage of check valves of backup or emergency oil pumps	Emergency stop of the unit. Damage to turbine bearings	Identifying and eliminating the cause (adjusting the drain valve, checking the operation of oil pumps and, if necessary, turning on backup ones). If it is impossible to eliminate the cause, the unit stops
81. Malfunctions in the turbine oil system	Increase in oil temperature in the lubrication system, after oil coolers	Reduced flow of cooling water to oil coolers, clogging of oil coolers		Checking the contamination of oil coolers, filters and cleaning them. Increased cooling water consumption. Stop the unit if necessary
82. Malfunctions in the oil systems	Increased oil temperature at the drain of one or more bearings	Clogged oil supply lines. Damage to Babbitt bearings		Visual inspection of oil drainage from bearings. Monitoring the operating parameters of the turbine unit, if necessary, stopping the unit with vacuum failure
83. Deterioration in the quality of the distillate supplied to the stators of one, two or more generators	Reducing the resistivity of the distillate below permissible value	Contamination of the distillate during the regeneration of BOU anion exchange filters due to loose closure of the valves after the filters	Emergency shutdown of turbogenerators	Elimination of saline water leaks into the demineralized water circuit. Stopping the UPC pumps, powering the condensers and generator cooling systems with demineralized water directly from the water supply unit. Enhanced water exchange of generator stator cooling systems with demineralized water. If the resistivity of the distillate decreases below the permissible value, stop the turbogenerator to completely replace the distillate in the cooling system, followed by starting the unit
84. Stopping the supply of demineralized water from the water treatment plant to recharge the blocks	Increasing the salt content of make-up water supplied to the state district power plant. After the replenishment is stopped, the water level in the deaerators of the blocks decreases	Connecting a source of raw source water with high salt content to the VPU	Limitations in replenishment with demineralized water. Termination of starting operations on blocks. Unloading blocks	Maximum reduction of condensate losses. Identification and elimination of the causes of increased salinity of chemically demineralized water
85. Fire in the turbine oil tank	Flame appears on the turbine oil tank	Spilled oil fire. Fire spread to turbine oil tank	Shutdown of the power unit, spread of the fire to adjacent equipment and power units	Stopping the power unit with vacuum failure, displacing hydrogen from the generator with carbon dioxide or releasing it into the atmosphere, emergency draining of oil from the turbine oil tank. Calling the fire department and extinguishing the fire yourself. When a fire spreads to neighboring blocks, they are stopped

2.5. Emergency situations due to failures of control system elements

Topic name	Characteristics of the emergency	Tasks of operational personnel
	Signs	Possible causes	Possible consequences
86. False activation of protection to increase the level to the II limit of the high pressure limit	Triggering of the emergency process alarm "Level increase in HPH-II limit". Shutdown of the power unit	Erroneous actions of CTAI personnel during preventive checks of protection	Emergency shutdown of the power unit from the network	Monitoring the operation of the power unit shutdown protection. Identification and elimination of the cause of the accident. Carrying out preparatory operations for starting up the power unit
87. Failure of elements of the information-measuring lubrication system of the turbine unit	Drop in oil pressure in the turbogenerator lubrication system to the protection activation settings. Disabling the main oil pumps and not turning on the backup ones via ATS. Triggering of an alarm, shutdown of the turbogenerator	Failure of oil pressure sensors in the lubrication system	Triggering of protections to shut down the power unit	Control of protection activation. Determining and eliminating the cause of failure. Preparing equipment for start-up
88. Failure of the main control feed valve remote control system	Alarm triggered, control feed valve position changed	Defects in the voltage supply circuits to the control feed valve	Uncontrolled change in feedwater flow. Damage to boiler heating surfaces. Triggering of automatic protections	Identification and elimination of the cause of the accident. Restoring the original mode
89. Failure in the control circuits of the blower fan motor	The alarm “Blower fan switched off”, “Vacuum in the furnace” is triggered, the DV ammeter readings drop to “0”, the arrow of the instrument “Vacuum at the top of the furnace” deviates to the right until it stops.	Defects in the blower fan motor control circuit	Triggering of protections to reduce the power unit load to 50%	Control of protection activation. Stabilization of 50% load. Identification and elimination of the cause of the accident. Restoring the power unit load
90. False activation of BROU blocking	The alarm “Reduced steam pressure” is triggered, the red signal light BROU lights up on the mimic diagram or remote control; steam pressure drop; reduction of active load	False activation of blocking for automatic switching on of BROU due to defects in the measurement system	Reducing the block load; transferring the boiler to the firing load	Forced closure of BROU. Identification and elimination of the cause of failure. Restoring the block load
91. False operation of the fuel regulator with failure of the lock to monitor the serviceability of the regulator	The "fuel oil pressure is low" alarm is triggered. Instrumentation devices for flow and pressure record a decrease in the measured parameters, the green light on the fuel regulator control unit comes on	Failure in the fuel regulator task generation circuits	Emergency boiler shutdown	Disabling the regulator; forced opening of the control valve. Restore original mode. Identifying and eliminating the cause of the accident

2.6. Emergency situations due to natural phenomena

Topic name	Characteristics of the emergency	Tasks of operational personnel
	Signs	Possible causes	Possible consequences
92. Flooding of a flood pumping station during a rainstorm	Rising water level	Long rainfall over the power plant area	Cessation of ash and slag removal, damage to electric motors of sump pumps, shutdown of boilers (units), reduction of power plant load	Calling maintenance personnel and the fire brigade to pump out water using mobile pumps. In case of flooding of the flood pumping station, transfer of the power plant to reserve fuel
93. Destruction of an ash dump dam during an earthquake	Pulp breakthrough through the dam	Consequences of the earthquake	Stopping ash and slag removal, reducing power plant load, environmental pollution	Carrying out actions in accordance with the operational plan for eliminating accidents at the ash dump, approved by the chief engineer of the power plant
94. Turbine shutdown during earthquake	Oscillations of the building and the appearance of a signal about the activation of turbine protection due to the axial displacement of the rotor	Turbine unit foundation vibrations	Power plant load reduction	Increased load on power units remaining in operation. Listening to the turbine for any interference and starting the stopped unit from hot standby or taking the turbine out for repair
95. Medium earthquakes	Buildings shaking, large cracks appearing in walls, glass falling out		Increase in the volume of destruction with repeated shocks. Damage and shutdown of power unit equipment, power plant shutdown, loss of life	Giving orders to personnel working outside the control room to leave the premises. Return of personnel to their workplaces 10 minutes after the cessation of shocks and in the absence of new shocks. Inspect all equipment and take corrective action launch
96. Strong earthquake	Strong vibrations of buildings, the appearance of large cracks and destruction of walls, falling of ceiling slabs		Damage to main and auxiliary equipment, failure of the entire power plant, loss of life	Emergency shutdown of all power units, complete shutdown of the power plant. Removal of all personnel from premises to open areas
97. Damage to a reservoir dam during a flood	A sharp decrease in water level in the reservoir	Dam break during flood	Limiting or stopping the supply of cooling water, reducing the load of the power plant or stopping it, flooding the area behind the dam, causing economic damage	Carrying out actions in accordance with the operational plan of the commission for the passage of floods
98. Hurricane	The appearance of wind at a speed of 25-30 m/s			Taking additional safety measures: moving to a safe distance from glazed frames, slate walls and ceilings, turning on electrical equipment that has been turned off without obvious signs of damage. After the hurricane passes, taking measures to restore the power plant's operation
99. Strong hurricane	Increase in wind speed above 35 m/s		Breaks and short circuits on overhead lines, deformation and fall of supports, violation of the density of roofs of buildings and overpasses, falling lightning rods, tearing of casings and thermal insulation from pipelines and tanks, occurrence of fires, reduction of load of the power plant or its shutdown	Inspecting and taking measures to restore equipment and buildings, calling repair personnel, civil defense units and the fire brigade. Restoring the power plant

With the personnel of energy organizations of the housing and communal services system of the Russian Federation, approved by Order of the State Construction Committee of Russia on June 21, 2000 No. 141 and the Regulations on assessing the readiness of electricity and heat supply organizations for work in the autumn-winter period, approved by the Minister of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation on August 25, 2004.

6. Fire drills can be combined with emergency drills. Operational managers, operational, operational and repair personnel, maintenance personnel, personnel of permanent sections of repair units servicing thermal power plants take part in fire drills.

11. In order to reduce the conventionality of training activities and increase objectivity in assessing results, new technical training tools (automated training systems, training grounds, simulators) should be used in training.

To master the main and auxiliary equipment of power facilities and practice techniques for maintaining stationary and non-stationary modes, it is recommended to use automated training systems (hereinafter referred to as ATS) and so-called full-scale simulators.

The most successful training of operating personnel can be ensured by conducting training on full-scale simulators that accurately simulate the operator’s workplace, using which the methods of perceiving information and error-free operation of power plant controls are brought to automaticity.

The use of computer simulators for emergency training can be additional in nature and should not replace on-the-job training, since by controlling the operation of a computer, the training participant does not acquire the skills to control a real power plant to the required extent. The use of computer simulators is advisable at power facilities equipped with such automated control systems, when all facility control is carried out using a computer network.

Many years of experience of municipal energy enterprises have shown the effectiveness of conducting network-wide emergency drills at training grounds. A diagram of the training ground for conducting classes simulating emergency situations in heating networks is given in.

II. CLASSIFICATION OF TRAININGS

12. The following emergency drills are carried out at energy enterprises of the housing and communal services system:

in heating network enterprises - network-wide, dispatch, district (precinct), individual (for a given workplace);

in boiler rooms - general boiler rooms and individual ones (for a given workplace).

Network-wide training is considered to be a training in which an emergency situation covers the equipment of a section of the main heating network with pumping stations and other facilities, and in which the operating personnel of thermal power plants of several districts participate together with the network dispatcher.

A general boiler room is considered to be a training in which an emergency situation covers power plants connected by a single technological process for the production of thermal energy and in which all operational and maintenance personnel of the boiler room shift participate.

in case of errors made by operating personnel during switching, switching on and off of power plants, mechanisms, etc.;

training with impacts on fittings, switching equipment and elements of relay protection and automation, control equipment and electric motor switches on non-working equipment (under repair or put into reserve);

combined training.

17. are carried out in real time and with mandatory access of participants to the places of operations. Using this method, training is conducted with operational and operational-repair personnel directly servicing thermal power plants.

18. Training with control actions on switching devices, fittings and switches of electric motors on non-working equipment (under repair or put into reserve) is carried out with the aim of practicing and consolidating professional skills among personnel. For example, opening and closing shut-off valves, drainage, bleed and purge valves, short-term starting of electric motors.

22. In accordance with the requirements of the Rules for Work with Personnel in Electric Power Organizations of the Russian Federation and the Rules for the Technical Operation of Thermal Power Installations, employees from operational, operational repair and operational managers participate in emergency training once every three months.

23. At newly commissioned power plants, as well as at existing power plants, by decision of the head of the organization, the number of training sessions can be increased depending on the level vocational training and personnel skills in accident prevention and response.

24. For shift personnel in which an accident or incident occurred due to the fault of operational or operational maintenance personnel, additional training may be assigned by order of the chief engineer of the enterprise, taking into account the mistakes made.

27. Each thermal power enterprise draws up an annual schedule for emergency drills in accordance with these Recommendations. The schedule must be included in the personnel plan and approved by the management of the enterprise. Based on this schedule, a training schedule for the structural unit is drawn up. Accounting for the completion of emergency training by personnel is carried out in a log. The recommended form of the journal is given in these Recommendations.

type of training;

date of its holding;

participating shift;

training leader.

29. The training leader is responsible for its preparation and conduct.

general boiler rooms - the head of the boiler room or the person responsible for the good condition and safe operation of the boilers;

Emergency training related to the complete shutdown of energy sources and massive disruption of energy supply should be carried out under the leadership of the first managers of energy supply organizations.

When conducting an emergency drill combined with a fire drill, the fire extinguishing manager from among the engineering and technical personnel is appointed as the training leader - the boiler room shift manager, the enterprise shift manager, the network district manager.

Table 1

Location	Type of training	Who approves the program	Supervisor	Method of implementation	Training participants
Network enterprises	Network-wide	Chief engineer of the enterprise
Boiler room	General boiler room	Chief engineer of the enterprise	The head of the boiler room, his deputy or the person responsible for safe condition and operation of boilers
Dispatching service	Control room	Head of ADF	Head of ADF	According to the scheme	Change of ADS
Network area	District	Head of the district	Head of the district or his deputy	With conditional and real actions of personnel

accidents and incidents that occurred in heat sources, heating networks and pumping stations, as well as technological violations given in information and directive materials;

The topic of the training should be realistic and close to the operation of the organization’s specific equipment.

availability of staff on site;

rapid restoration of normal operation of power plants, power supply to consumers and normal parameters of thermal energy supplied to consumers.

33. The training program indicates:

type of training and its topic;

training method;

a list of intermediaries indicating the control area (workers who are well aware of the scheme and equipment, as well as the instructions, rights and responsibilities of the persons serving the area, are appointed as intermediaries, and the number of training participants controlled by one person is determined in each specific case when drawing up the program; actions fire extinguishing supervisors are controlled by the training supervisor);

purpose of the training;

time of occurrence of the accident;

When conducting training and developing a program, it should be borne in mind that in accordance with the current regulatory and technical documents (NTD), the elimination of technological violations in boiler rooms should be led by the boiler room shift manager, and in heating networks - by the ADS dispatcher. The dispatcher's instructions are mandatory for operational and maintenance personnel of thermal power plants.

An example of an emergency training program is given in these Recommendations.

34. When conducting emergency drills combined with fire drills, representatives of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, who take part in the analysis of fire drills and evaluate the actions of the participants, can be involved as intermediaries by agreement.

35. When preparing a training session with conditional actions of personnel on equipment, you should check the completeness of the necessary documentation, add to the set of training posters and tags with inscriptions that simulate the switching on and off of valves, switching devices, devices, protection devices, pumps, etc. They must differ in shape and color from those used in operation, have the inscription “training”, and also have devices for securing them in place. The size of posters and tags is chosen arbitrarily so that they do not interfere with staff’s work. After training, all training posters must be removed and put away.

37. Group training should be carried out, as a rule, not during duty. Individual training may be conducted while on duty if the work environment does not prevent this. The time spent on emergency drills and fire drills is included in the working hours of the trainees.

38. During training, the personnel participating in it must comply with safety regulations. It is not allowed to perform any actions on operating equipment, or to touch switching devices, mechanisms and control equipment (keys, start buttons, valve drives, etc.).

39. Immediately before the start of the training, the readiness of technical and training equipment should be checked, radio and telephone communication between participants should be organized, the methodology of conducting it should be clarified, taking into account the peculiarities of training according to schemes, conditional actions of personnel, with actions on idle equipment, using technical means training.

It is advisable to record negotiations between training participants on a tape recorder.

Training according to schemes

41. According to the schemes, dispatcher training is carried out at heating network enterprises.

42. Training according to the schemes can be carried out directly at the workplace or in places with the necessary equipment. To conduct training, participants must have training diagrams of the areas they serve, on which, before starting training, they mark the position of disconnected equipment, shut-off valves or sections of networks at the time preceding the accident. The training leader and facilitator should have the same scheme.

procedure for using communication;

time of occurrence of an emergency.

45. The training begins with messages from the training leaders or intermediaries about the changes that have occurred in the regime, about the shutdown of equipment, about the readings of instruments at the workplaces of the training participants.

Training with conditional actions of personnel

48. Network-wide, district, and boiler-wide trainings are conducted using the method with conditional actions of personnel. These trainings are carried out directly at the workplace.

50. If a real emergency situation occurs in any part of the networks or thermal power plant, the training is immediately stopped, the participants are removed from the emergency zone, and all training posters and tags are removed.

51. All personnel of the enterprise, boiler house, and district must be informed about the start of the training.

operating mode preceding the occurrence of an emergency;

deviations from the normal pattern;

procedure for using communication; time of occurrence of the accident.

56. Intermediaries are required to record all actions of personnel in the trainees’ activity cards, interfering with the course of the training only if it is necessary to communicate something to its participants, hang up new posters or tags, remove or turn them over depending on the actions of the personnel or changes in the introductory one.

Training with control actions on switching devices, fittings and motor switches on idle equipment

63. Training on idle equipment should not affect the condition and operating mode of equipment in neighboring areas.

64. After receiving input data about the operating mode and state of the equipment at the time of the start of training, as well as automatic shutdowns and other disruptions in the operation of the equipment, the trainee assesses the situation and begins to restore the normal situation. In the process of eliminating a conditional emergency situation, the participant must perform real actions with equipment (for example, turning on or off switching devices, starting a pump, closing or opening a valve), which are provided for by the training topic. In this case, he should not tell the intermediary about the procedure for his actions and tells him only what is in real conditions he would inform his shift supervisor or other area personnel.

Training using technical training tools

to bring the training activities of operational personnel as close as possible to real ones, without affecting the operating equipment;

deviations from the normal pattern;

procedure for using communication;

time of occurrence of the accident;

69. The training ends at the command of the training leader, after which information on the control and evaluation of training activities is collected and recorded.

Combined workouts

Fire drills

74. Each employee from among the operational, maintenance and repair personnel of heating network enterprises, personnel of permanent sections of repair units servicing energy facilities must participate in fire-fighting training once every six months.

76. The territorial divisions of the state fire service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia must be notified about the planned dates for training, at the discretion of which representatives of these bodies can take part in them as observers.

77. When participating in network-wide training of operational field and operational repair teams, the time spent on preparing the team, repair equipment, mechanisms, tools, protective equipment, time spent on travel, preparation of machines, lifting, earth-moving and other mechanisms, communications equipment, etc.

78. All types of training must be carried out in conditions as close as possible to real ones. For example, it is allowed to combine training on the topic “Accident in the heating network” with excavation planned for a given period at the site of a simulated accident; you can open and close auxiliary valves on idle equipment, checking the initial state of the valve after completing the actions; turn off the work lights.

Training can be complicated by distractions: messages about the status and operation of other equipment, calls from consumers, etc.

79. When conducting network-wide, general-boiler, district and dispatch training, the conversations of the person in charge of the liquidation of a conditional accident are recorded on a tape recorder or other recording device in order to acquire the skills of more clear negotiations by the operating personnel, this will reduce the number of misunderstandings when analyzing training and will allow the use of recordings training during briefings.

VI. TRAINING REVIEW

81. Analysis of the training is carried out in order to determine the correctness of the actions of each participant in eliminating the accident provided for by the topic of the training, and to develop measures to improve the reliability of the equipment and the safety of operating personnel.

correct understanding of the task;

correctness of actions to eliminate the accident;

mistakes made and their reasons;

88. The results of the training are recorded in a journal. The recommended form for recording the emergency training carried out is given in these Recommendations.

89. Based on the results of the training, measures are developed aimed at preventing mistakes made by personnel. Activities developed based on the results of training are recorded in the emergency training log. In this case, the training leader must familiarize the heads of the relevant departments with the activities recorded in the log. Management personnel are obliged to take measures to implement these activities.

ANNEX 1

Scheme of the training ground for conducting training sessions with simulating emergency situations in heating networks

APPENDIX 2 FORM
annual schedule of emergency training

Types of training

Training leaders

Distribution by month

September

Network-wide

Chief Engineer

General boiler room

Boiler room manager

Control room

Senior dispatcher

District

Head of the district

Chief Engineer_____________________________

APPENDIX 3 MAGAZINE
accounting for personnel undergoing emergency training

APPENDIX 4

Damage to the supply pipeline of the main heating network from the district boiler house "Gorki-2"

04/03/2004 10-30, dispatch service of the heating network enterprise, boiler room "Gorki-2" and a section of the main heating network from the boiler room "Gorki-2" to chamber A-1

3. Training method: with conditional actions of personnel on operating equipment

4. Training leader: Semenov A.P., deputy chief engineer

orally, via the city telephone network, via mobile phone, radio communications on a wave dedicated to the enterprise with a signal at the beginning of a conversation - “training”

7. Arrangement of intermediaries, checking the readiness of vehicles, repair equipment and personnel - are carried out before the start of the training; the start of the training is announced by radio, introductions are given verbally or using training posters (the list of training posters is presented below)

8. Purpose of the training: to practice the actions of operational personnel of the dispatch service, district boiler house and repair service in the event of an accident in the heating network

9. Operating mode before the accident: the hydraulic and temperature conditions of the heating network are maintained close to the schedule set by the dispatcher

At 9:30 a.m. The shift supervisor and the operator of the central control panel of the boiler room recorded a slight drop in pressure in the supply line at the exit from the boiler room. At the same time, the drop in pressure is recorded by the plant's dispatch service. The shift supervisor gives orders to increase the replenishment to maintain normal hydraulic conditions. At 9:45 a.m. A sharp drop in pressure in the network was recorded in the boiler room and control room. Almost simultaneously, a signal was received from the city housing organization to the heating network dispatch service about strong steam and the appearance of hot water in the area of the route in the area of chamber A1. The dispatcher instructs the boiler room shift supervisor to switch the network to static mode and the fire control foreman to go and search for the damage site.

The operational field team discovered strong steaming, noise and hot water escaping to the surface of the ground along the network route. The heating system master reports the accident to the heating network dispatcher, who gives instructions to turn off the supply pipeline using the nearest sectional valve, drain the emergency area and prepare it for repairs. At the same time, the dispatcher gives instructions to the boiler room shift supervisor to turn off the supply pipeline. The dispatcher directs the ORB to the scene of the accident. After eliminating the accident, the dispatcher gives an order to the boiler room shift supervisor and the fire control foreman to restore normal operation of the network.

Introductory time	Workplace	Introductory (orally in the form of a poster)
9 hours 34 minutes	ODS dispatcher	Small pressure drops in the supply line
9 hours 34 minutes	Boiler room shift supervisor	Slight pressure drop in the supply line
	ODS dispatcher	A sharp drop in pressure in the supply line. Signal from the housing organization
9 hours 45 minutes	Boiler room shift supervisor	A sharp drop in pressure in the supply line
9 hours 50 minutes	ODS dispatcher	Name possible reasons accidents
9 hours 55 minutes	Boiler room shift supervisor	Assess the condition and operating mode of the equipment
10 hours 40 minutes	ODS dispatcher	Emergency section disabled
12 hours 50 minutes	ODS dispatcher	The damaged area has been drained and prepared for repairs
16 hours 25 minutes	ODS dispatcher	Repair of the emergency area has been completed. The pipeline is prepared for filling
16 hours 25 minutes	Boiler room shift supervisor	The renovation is complete. The pipeline is ready for filling
18:20	ODS dispatcher	The accident has been eliminated. The operating mode of the heating network has been restored
18 hours 25 minutes	ODS dispatcher Boiler room shift supervisor	End of training

12. Detection and elimination of an accident.

The dispatcher, having detected a pressure drop using the pressure gauge installed in the ODS and rechecked with the boiler room shift supervisor, instructs him to strengthen control over the hydraulic mode and inspect the equipment of the pumping and heating installation in order to determine the cause of the pressure drop. The shift manager instructs the shift mechanic on duty to check the operation and condition of the equipment and, after the inspection, reports to the dispatcher that the equipment in the boiler room is working normally, no leaks or other defects were found. At 9:48 a.m., the boiler room shift supervisor reports to the dispatcher about a sharp drop in pressure in the network. The dispatcher, having recorded a sharp drop in pressure in the network at 9:45 a.m. and having heard the report of the boiler room shift manager, instructs him to increase the replenishment as much as possible; if it is impossible to maintain normal pressure transfer the heating network to static mode. The ODS receives a signal from the city about an alleged accident in the network and its coordinates. The dispatcher instructs the EOD master to immediately go to the scene of the accident. After clarifying all the circumstances, the master reports to the dispatcher about the release of hot water to the surface of the earth, strong noise, steaming and the formation of a funnel, as well as the flow of hot water into chamber A1. At the direction of the dispatcher, he turns off the sectional valve, drains the area and prepares it for emergency repairs. The dispatcher simultaneously instructs the boiler room shift supervisor to turn off the valve on the supply pipeline of the boiler room manifold and instructs the ORB foreman to travel and carry out emergency repair work, after which he informs the main consumers about the accident and the estimated time for restoring normal operation. The boiler room shift manager, having received instructions from the dispatcher, turns off the network pumps, turns on the backup pumps, turns on the backup make-up pump and transfers the operating water heating boiler No. 3 to the hot reserve.

After organizing and carrying out emergency activities, the dispatcher instructs the heads of the area in charge of the emergency area to issue a work permit for emergency repair work.

13. Evaluation of the participants’ actions and training in general

The assessment of the actions of the ODS dispatcher, the boiler room shift supervisor, and the EOD and ORB foremen is carried out in accordance with the protocol.

The assessment of the actions of dispatch service personnel, boiler room shifts, operational field and operational repair teams is carried out directly by intermediaries. The main criterion for assessing training as a whole is the correctness of the participants’ actions, assessed by the protocol method.

Familiarized yourself with the training program:

Training results:

Dispatcher's assessment -

Boiler room shift supervisor assessment -

Rating of the EOD master -

Evaluation of the training as a whole -

Poster 2. Valve No. 4 does not close

Poster 3. The drain valve in chamber A1 is faulty

Poster 4. Name the possible signs of an accident

Map of the activity of the master of fire safety

		Control time	Mediator's comments	Gross mistakes of the trainee
	Visually it is possible to give only a general assessment of the violation of the normal technological regime
Name the signs of a heating network failure and possible causes	Formation of a funnel with hot water escaping to the surface, noise, steaming. The appearance of a fistula in the pipeline or rupture
Disable the emergency section	Decides to go down to chamber A1 to shut off the section using a sectioning valve			After ventilating the chamber, he descends into the chamber independently without taking safety measures.
Prepare the area for emergency repairs by ORB personnel	Provides additional ventilation to the chamber, closes the sectional valve, opens the valve on the drainage pipeline, and pumps water out of the chamber. Installs a fence at the accident site and hangs posters. Records network pressure using pressure gauges in the chamber and air temperature
Prepare the site for launch	Removes the posters, removes the fence, closes the drainage, opens the jumper to fill the supply pipeline from the return one. After equalizing the pressure, he reports to the dispatcher and, on his instructions, opens the sectional valve. Records the pressure in the pipelines in chamber A1 after circulation is restored

Mediator

Poster No. 1 for hanging on control keys of electric drives of pumps, fans, smoke exhausters, etc.

Poster No. 2 for hanging on shut-off valves

APPENDIX 6 MAGAZINE
recording of completed emergency training

The training leader is given overall rating emergency training.

APPENDIX 7 MAGAZINE
accounting of conducted fire drills

The training leader gives a general assessment of the fire training.

GUIDELINES
on preparation and conduct of emergency training for personnel of electric power organizations of housing and communal services

I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1. Guidelines on the preparation and conduct of emergency training for personnel of electric power organizations of housing and communal services, are developed with the aim of providing methodological assistance to organizations of the housing and communal services system that transmit and distribute electrical energy and operate electrical substations, electrical networks and structures on them as part of centralized energy supply systems.

2. These Recommendations have been developed taking into account the requirements of the Rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks of the Russian Federation, approved by Order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated June 19, 2003 No. 229 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on June 20, 2003 Rep. No. 4799), Rules for working with personnel in electric power organizations of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Russia on February 19, 2000 No. 49 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on March 16, 2000 per. No. 2150), as well as Peculiarities of working with the personnel of energy organizations of the housing and communal services system of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the State Construction Committee of Russia on June 21, 2000 No. 141, and the Regulations on assessing the readiness of electricity and heat supply organizations to operate in the autumn-winter period, approved by the Minister of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation on August 25, 2004.

4. Emergency training is carried out with the aim of acquiring practical skills and the ability of personnel to act independently, quickly and technically competently in the event of technological violations, applying technical operation and safety rules, operating instructions and labor protection instructions.

5. Operational managers, operational and operational maintenance personnel should take part in emergency training.

By decision of the head of the organization and structural unit, other employees may be involved in conducting and participating in emergency training.

Maintenance personnel are involved in emergency drills; during the training, his readiness to go to the site of a simulated accident and his ability to quickly eliminate it are checked.

7. Emergency training is one of the mandatory forms of working with personnel.

Conducting training involves solving the following tasks:

checking the ability of personnel to correctly perceive and analyze information about a technological violation, based on this information, make the optimal decision to eliminate it through a certain action or issuing specific orders;

ensuring the formation of clear skills for making operational decisions in any situation and in the shortest possible time;

development of organizational and technical measures aimed at increasing the level of professional training of personnel and the reliability of operation of power plants.

8. Training is carried out with the reproduction of conditional violations in the operation of power plants, imitation of operational actions in the workplace to eliminate accidents and incidents, performing equipment control operations on simulators, assessing the activities of participants and issuing work permits and switching forms.

9. Basic actors during training, there are the training leader, training participants and intermediaries performing supervisory functions.

10. The effectiveness of the training depends on the relevance of the topic, the quality of program development, the preparation of the participants and the necessary means for conducting the training, the degree of proximity of the simulated accident to the real one, the correct and objective assessment of the participants’ actions and the analysis of the training.

AOS are software tools for professional training of personnel, consisting of automated training courses and specialized local simulators that allow the formation of professional skills and abilities to make and implement decisions on the management of power plants. In particular, AOS for operating personnel of substations and distribution networks allows them to be used for training in the following modes:

training and training on complex operational switchings carried out when power plants undergo repairs and when they are put into operation;

conducting emergency training that increases the level of personnel readiness to perform operations in an emergency at the substation and in the distribution network.

The most successful training of operating personnel can be ensured by conducting training on full-scale simulators that accurately simulate the operator’s workplace, on which the methods of perceiving information and error-free operation of power plant controls are brought to automaticity.

The use of computer simulators for emergency training can be additional in nature and should not replace on-the-job training, since by controlling the operation of a computer, the training participant does not acquire the skills to control a real power plant to the required extent. The use of computer simulators is advisable at power facilities equipped with such automated control systems (ACS), when all facility management is carried out using a computer network.

Many years of experience of municipal energy enterprises have shown the effectiveness of conducting network-wide emergency response training at training sites. Scheme of the training ground for training sessions in electrical networks is given in.

II. CLASSIFICATION OF TRAININGS

12. In enterprises of electrical networks of the housing and communal services system, network-wide, dispatch, district (precinct), individual (for a given workplace) emergency training are carried out.

Network-wide training is considered to be one in which an emergency situation covers the equipment of a section of an electrical network with distribution points, transformer substations and other facilities, and in which operational personnel of electrical power installations in several areas participate together with the network dispatcher.

Dispatcher training is considered to be training that involves participation in the elimination of technological violations by dispatchers with subordinate shift personnel.

A district training is considered to be one in which an emergency situation covers power plants in one district and in which operational and maintenance personnel of the district participate.

An individual training is considered to be one in which one operational worker servicing power plants participates.

Individual training can be carried out with individual employees who, for whatever reason, did not participate in the planned training (vacation, illness, etc.).

13. Emergency training is divided into planned and extraordinary.

A planned training is considered to be a training that is carried out according to the approved annual plan for working with personnel.

Extraordinary training is considered to be training that is carried out by order of the enterprise management in addition to the annual plan in the following cases:

if an accident or incident occurs due to the fault of personnel;

upon receipt of unsatisfactory grades based on the results of a planned training session.

Extraordinary training is also carried out for employees who were absent during scheduled training for various reasons (illness, vacation, business trip, etc.). Extraordinary training is carried out individually within 3 weeks after returning to work.

14. Depending on the number of participants, training is divided into group and individual.

Group training is considered to be a training session conducted with several participants.

Individual training is carried out in the following cases:

with personnel allowed to work independently for the first time after duplication at the workplace;

in case of errors made by operating personnel during switching, switching on and off of power plants;

after accidents that occurred during startup, shutdown or equipment failures;

with unsatisfactory grades obtained as a result of individual control in group training.

15. According to the method of conducting training, they are divided into: training according to schemes;

training with conditional actions of personnel;

training with impacts on switching equipment and elements of relay protection and automation, control equipment and electric motor switches on non-working equipment (under repair or put into reserve);

training using technical personnel training tools;

combined training.

16. Training according to schemes is carried out using technological schemes without indicating actions at workplaces and equipment, without limiting the time for performing exercises. In such training, staff develop the skills to quickly make the right decisions and issue the necessary orders. Using this method, training should be conducted with senior operating personnel to ensure that they understand the features of the scheme, its flexibility and possibilities for use in emergency response.

Scheme training allows us to identify the level of knowledge of the scheme, its features and capabilities, as well as determine the coordination of shift personnel when receiving information and issuing orders.

17. Training with conditional actions of personnel is carried out in real time and with mandatory access of participants to the places of operations. Using this method, training is conducted with operational and maintenance personnel directly servicing electrical power plants.

18. Training with control actions on switching devices, relay protection and automation, equipment and switches of electric motors on non-working equipment (under repair or put into reserve) is carried out with the aim of practicing and consolidating professional skills among personnel.

19. Training using technical means of personnel training is carried out using automated training systems, simulators, and training grounds. In such trainings, personnel develop skills in identifying the causes of deviations in modes and technological violations, developing measures to eliminate deviations and violations, and developing professional work practices. The advantages of this method include bringing personnel actions closer to a real situation, practicing reactions to changes in equipment operating modes in real time, and forming assessments of the quality of training tasks.

20. Combined training allows you to take advantage of each of the listed methods. For example, it is possible to combine training on a simulator and conditional actions of personnel at the workplace, training according to schemes with the actions of personnel at the training ground, etc. The effectiveness of such a combination different types training depends on the technical capabilities for training.

21. Based on the nature of the relationship with fire drills, emergency drills are divided into combined and separate.

III. FREQUENCY OF TRAININGS

Workers from among operational, maintenance and repair personnel, operational managers of the organization, personnel of permanent sections of repair units servicing power plants participate in one fire training once every six months.

23. At newly commissioned power plants, as well as at existing power plants, by decision of the head of the organization, the number of training sessions can be increased depending on the level of professional training and skills of personnel in preventing and eliminating accidents.

24. For shift personnel in which an accident or incident occurred due to the fault of operational or operational repair personnel, additional training may be assigned by order of the chief engineer of the enterprise, taking into account the mistakes made.

25. Each dispatcher of an enterprise (district) must take part in the preparation and conduct of at least one training session with subordinate personnel during the year.

IV. TRAINING PREPARATION EVENTS

26. Preparation of emergency training is carried out in accordance with the annual training schedule, taking into account the list of recommended topics and training programs.

27. Each electric power enterprise draws up an annual schedule for emergency drills in accordance with these Recommendations. The schedule must be included in the personnel plan and approved by the management of the enterprise. Based on this schedule, a training schedule for the structural unit is drawn up. Accounting for the completion of emergency training by personnel is carried out in a log. The recommended form of the journal is given in these Recommendations.

28. Monthly training schedules in a structural unit are approved by the head of the structural unit. The monthly schedule indicates:

type of training;

date of its holding;

participating shift;

training leader.

29. The training leader is responsible for its preparation and conduct.

Emergency drills are led by:

network-wide - the chief engineer (his deputy) or the head of the emergency dispatch service (hereinafter referred to as ADS);

control rooms - the head of the ADS (senior dispatcher);

district (precinct) - chief (deputy chief) of the district;

individual - specialists appointed by the chief engineer (head of a structural unit).

Emergency training related to the complete shutdown of energy sources and the simulation of a massive power supply disruption should be carried out under the leadership of the first managers of energy supply organizations.

When conducting an emergency drill combined with a fire drill, the fire extinguishing manager from among the engineering personnel - the enterprise shift manager, the network district manager - is appointed as the head of the training.

The types of emergency training and the conditions for their implementation are given in Table 1.

Table 1

Location	Type of training	Who approves the program	Supervisor	Method of implementation	Training participants
Network enterprises	Network-wide	Chief engineer of the enterprise	Chief engineer or head of the enterprise's emergency dispatch service	With conditional and real actions of personnel	Personnel of the dispatch service, network areas, operational field teams, operational repair teams
Dispatching service	Control room	Head of ADF	Head of ADF	According to the scheme	Change of ADS
Network area	District	Head of the district	The head of the district or his deputy	With conditional and real actions of personnel	Operational and maintenance personnel of the district

30. The list of planned training topics is compiled taking into account:

accidents and incidents that occurred in electrical networks, distribution points, transformer substations, as well as technological violations given in information and policy materials;

existing equipment defects, as well as technological violations or abnormal operating modes of power plants and networks;

seasonal phenomena that threaten the normal operation of equipment and structures (thunderstorm, ice, floods, etc.);

commissioning of new equipment, circuits and modes;

the possibility of a fire in emergency conditions.

Training topics are not announced to participating personnel in advance.

31. When preparing a training session, its leader develops a training program.

The topic of the training should be realistic and close to the operation of the organization’s specific equipment. Acceptable conventions should not be unnecessary.

When conducting training at the workplace, the initial scheme and mode of operation of the equipment should be taken as the scheme and mode that were in the workplace at the time of the training. In this case, it is necessary to take into account:

forced change in equipment operating patterns and modes caused by repair work;

availability of staff on site;

state of connection between objects;

design features of the equipment.

32. When developing a training program, it is necessary to provide for the solution of the following tasks when eliminating conditional technological violations:

preventing the development of violations, preventing injury to personnel and damage to equipment not affected by the technological violation;

clarification of the state of switched off and disconnected equipment, rapid elimination of technological violations is possible;

rapid restoration of normal operation of power plants, power supply to consumers and normal parameters of electrical energy supplied to consumers.

33. The training program indicates: the type of training and its topic;

date, time and place of the event;

training method;

last name, first name, patronymic of the training leader;

last name, first name, patronymic, position of fire extinguishing leader (for combined training);

list of training participants for each workplace;

purpose of the training;

time of occurrence of the accident;

diagrams and mode of operation of the equipment before the accident occurred, indicating deviations from the diagrams and modes;

condition of fire extinguishing equipment (for combined training);

causes of the accident, its development and consequences;

the cause of the fire, a description of the development of the fire and the operation of automatic fire extinguishing equipment;

description of the sequence of actions of training participants, possible options for action;

procedure for using technical means;

a list of required posters and tags;

technological map of the activities of each training participant.

During the development process, the program should be discussed with the heads of the structural units in which the training will be carried out, with the involvement of qualified specialists, if necessary.

The program is signed by the training director and approved by the person indicated in, or his deputy.

Network training programs are coordinated with the heads of structural divisions.

When conducting training and developing a program, it should be borne in mind that in accordance with the current regulatory and technical documentation (NTD), the elimination of technological violations in electrical networks must be managed by an ADS dispatcher. The dispatcher's instructions are mandatory for operational and maintenance personnel of electrical power installations.

An example of an emergency training program is given in.

34. When conducting emergency drills combined with fire drills, it is recommended to involve as intermediaries representatives of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, who take part in the analysis of fire drills and evaluate the actions of the participants.

35. When preparing a training session with conditional actions of personnel on equipment, you should check the completeness of the necessary documentation, add to the set of training posters and tags with inscriptions that simulate the switching on and off of switching devices, devices, protection devices, etc. They must differ in shape and color from those used in operation, have the inscription “training”, and also have devices for securing them in place. The size of posters and tags is chosen arbitrarily so that they do not interfere with staff’s work. After training, all training posters must be removed and put away.

36. Before conducting the training, its leader must review the program with the training leaders at the sites and with intermediaries, while clarifying the procedure for the participants and discussing possible errors.

V. TRAINING METHODOLOGY

39. Immediately before the start of the training, the readiness of technical and training means should be checked, radio and telephone communication between participants should be organized, the methodology of the training should be clarified, taking into account the specifics of training according to schemes, conditional actions of personnel, with actions on non-working equipment, using technical training means.

40. All types of training begin with an introductory part and end with analysis and summing up.

It is advisable to record negotiations between training participants on a tape recorder.

Training according to schemes

41. Dispatch training is conducted at electrical network enterprises according to the schemes.

42. Training according to the schemes can be carried out directly at the workplace or in places with the necessary equipment. To conduct training, participants must have training diagrams of the areas they serve, on which, before starting training, they mark the position of disconnected equipment, or sections of networks at the time preceding the accident. The training leader and facilitator should have the same scheme.

43. When conducting training according to schemes directly at workplaces, intervention in technological process not allowed.

44. Before the start of the training, its participants are informed of the introductory part, which indicates:

section of the technological diagram on which an emergency situation will be simulated;

operating mode preceding the occurrence of an emergency;

deviations from the normal pattern;

procedure for using communication;

time of occurrence of an emergency.

If necessary, information about seasonal phenomena (floods, ice, thunderstorms, etc.) and meteorological conditions is provided.

46. Training according to the schemes is carried out in the form of operational negotiations between the trainees and each other and with intermediaries. Negotiations should be conducted in the same way as in a real situation, with the exception of training sessions conducted in the workplace, where the word “training” is added before the message.

47. Training participants, receiving messages about changes that occurred as a result of the accident and the actions of personnel to eliminate it, reflect them on the diagram.

Training with conditional actions of personnel

48. Network-wide and regional trainings are conducted using the method with conditional actions of personnel. These trainings are carried out directly at the workplace.

49. Training participants must comply with safety regulations. It is not allowed to touch the mechanisms and controls, switching devices, or perform any real actions with the equipment.

50. If a real emergency situation occurs in any part of the networks or electrical power plant, the training is immediately stopped, the participants are removed from the emergency zone, and all training posters and tags are removed.

51. All personnel of the enterprise and district must be informed about the start of the training.

52. Before the start of training, intermediaries simulate an emergency situation with the help of training posters and tags posted on equipment, controls, switching devices and alarm devices, which reflect the changes that occurred as a result of the accident. Posters and tags are hung in such a way that they do not interfere with operating personnel performing operations and observing the readings of instruments and alarm devices.

53. After placing the posters and tags, the training participants are informed of the introductory part - by the training leader or facilitator. The introductory part states:

operating mode preceding the occurrence of an emergency;

deviations from the normal pattern;

procedure for using communication;

time of occurrence of the accident.

54. Training participants are allowed to their workplaces after giving a signal about its start. Such a signal could be:

message from the training leader simultaneously to all areas by telephone or radio: “Attention participants! The training has begun";

message from intermediaries or training leaders at their sites at the appointed time: “Training has begun!”

55. When the signal is given to start the training, its participants must begin inspecting the posters and tags posted on the equipment of their site and eliminating the simulated accident. Changing the state of shut-off valves, switching devices, fixing light signals of display boards and bulbs, control keys must be done using conditional actions by removing, turning over, replacing posters and tags, verbally explaining their actions.

57. When conducting emergency drills combined with fire drills, the fire extinguishing manager conducts the training according to the program; The instructions of the fire extinguishing supervisor are mandatory for each training participant.

58. In the process of conducting a training session covering several areas, emergency situations at each of them should be changed by intermediaries (with the help of posters, tags, etc.) taking into account the actions of the training participants not only in their own area, but also in other areas. This can be achieved by coordinating the activities of the facilitators with the training leader. For this purpose, he must be at the workplace of the operational person in charge of the liquidation of the simulated accident, monitor changes in the situation based on negotiations between training participants and messages from intermediaries and, in turn, inform the latter about the progress of the training as a whole.

If it is impossible to coordinate the actions of intermediaries for any reason, then changes in emergency situations in individual areas must be carried out by intermediaries in sequence, installed program. In this case, it is also necessary to foresee how long after the start of training at a particular workplace it is necessary to change the situation.

59. During training, negotiations and explanations between trainees and intermediaries are reduced to a minimum. Hints, leading questions and other actions that distract participants from their direct task of identifying the causes of the accident and eliminating the emergency situation are not allowed.

60. When using telephone and radio communications simultaneously for operational and training conversations, it is necessary to announce the start of a training conversation with the word “Training” and repeat it by the second person participating in the conversation.

61. At the end of training, all posters and tags must be removed from the equipment.

Training with control actions on switching devices, relay protection and automation, equipment and motor switches on idle equipment

In order to increase their effectiveness, it is most advisable to conduct such training when commissioning new equipment.

63. Training on idle equipment should not affect the condition and operating mode of equipment in neighboring areas.

64. After receiving input data about the operating mode and state of the equipment at the time of the start of training, as well as automatic shutdowns and other disruptions in the operation of the equipment, the trainee assesses the situation and begins to restore the normal situation. In the process of eliminating a conditional emergency situation, the participant must perform real actions with equipment (for example, turning on or off switching devices), which are provided for by the training topic. In this case, he does not have to tell the intermediary about the procedure for his actions and tells him only what in real conditions he would tell his supervisor on the shift or the personnel of other areas.

Training using technical personnel training tools

65. Technical means of personnel training include simulators, automatic training systems, training grounds, stands, etc.

Conducting training using technical personnel training tools allows you to:

to bring the training activities of operational personnel as close as possible to real ones, without affecting the operating equipment;

increase the efficiency of monitoring and evaluating the actions of training participants.

The greatest training effect is achieved on replica simulators, the control panels of which are similar to the workplace (full-scale simulators).

66. Equipment control operations that cannot be implemented using the applied technical training tools must be reproduced conditionally, for example, in the form of a report to the supervisor.

67. Before the start of the training, its participants are informed of the introductory part, which indicates:

features of technical means, existing conventions and simplifications;

general characteristics of the initial mode;

deviations from the normal pattern;

procedure for using communication;

time of occurrence of the accident;

a way to evaluate the actions of trainees.

68. Training begins with a signal from the training leader.

During the training process, the training leader or an intermediary from the training control panel enters faults, simulates machine shutdowns, and deactivates automatic devices, transferring equipment to preset modes, etc. in accordance with the training program.

69. The training ends at the command of the training leader, after which recording information on the control and evaluation of training activities is collected and recorded.

Combined workouts

70. Combined training is based on the use of a program that combines various training methods and technical means.

71. Enterprises should develop a list of combined training with various program options.

72. The introductory part of the combined training indicates the distribution of shift personnel among training workplaces.

Fire drills

73. Fire training is carried out for the purposes of:

testing the ability of personnel to independently, quickly and correctly navigate and act in the event of a fire at the facility;

developing clear techniques for extinguishing fires at a power facility in accordance with fire safety rules, the ability to use fire extinguishing equipment and protective equipment;

checking the interaction of personnel and their ability to coordinate their actions;

training personnel in fire prevention methods and techniques.

74. Each employee from among the operational, operational and repair personnel of electrical enterprises, personnel of permanent sections of repair units servicing energy facilities must participate in fire-fighting training once every six months.

75. Fire training is managed by:

head of the organization (general - by organization);

head of a structural unit (by division).

76. The territorial divisions of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia must be notified about the planned dates for training, at the discretion of which representatives of these bodies can take part in them as observers.

77. When participating in network-wide training of operational field and operational repair teams, the time spent on preparing the team, repair equipment, mechanisms, tools, protective equipment, time spent on travel, preparation of machines, testing laboratory, lifting, earth-moving and other equipment is checked. mechanisms, means of communication, etc.

78. All types of training must be carried out in conditions as close as possible to real ones. Training can be complicated by distractions: messages about the status and operation of other equipment, calls from consumers, etc.

79. When conducting network-wide, district and dispatch training, conversations of the person in charge of the liquidation of a simulated accident are recorded on a tape recorder or other recording device in order to acquire the skills of more clear negotiations by operational personnel, this will reduce the number of misunderstandings when analyzing training and will allow the use of training recordings in conducting briefings.

80. During training, armbands and other distinctive signs of different colors may be used for participants and supervisors.

VI. TRAINING REVIEW

82. Analysis of training is carried out after its completion by training leaders with the involvement of intermediaries. If it is impossible to conduct a debriefing after the end of the training, then the debriefing should be done within five days after its completion.

83. All personnel participating in the training must be present at the debriefing. Network-wide training sessions may be reviewed over the phone.

84. When analyzing for each participant, the following should be analyzed:

correct understanding of the task; correctness of actions to eliminate the accident; mistakes made and their reasons;

correct conduct of operational negotiations and use of communication means.

85. When debriefing a training session, the leader listens to reports from intermediaries about the actions of the training participants, analyzes the activity cards of the trainees,, if necessary, listens to the participants themselves, points out the mistakes made and approves individual and general assessments of the training results using a four-point system.

When conducting a review of an emergency drill combined with a fire drill, in addition, the fire extinguishing leader reports to the training leader about the current situation and the decisions he made to extinguish the fire, notes the correct actions of the personnel and the shortcomings identified in the process of extinguishing the fire.

To evaluate the actions of training participants, it is recommended to be guided by the following provisions:

if, during the training, a participant makes decisions that in a real situation, if carried out, would lead to the development of an accident or an accident, then he is given an “unsatisfactory” rating;

if during the training a participant makes mistakes that do not aggravate the situation, but delay the process of eliminating the accident, then he is given a rating of “good” or “satisfactory” depending on the nature of the errors;

If the participant does not make mistakes, he is given an “excellent” rating.

86. Persons who have made serious mistakes and received unsatisfactory grades undergo repeated training within a time frame determined by the head of the organization or structural unit.

87. If the majority of training participants received unsatisfactory grades, then the training on the same topic is repeated over the next 10 days, and the repeated training is not taken into account as planned.

88. The results of the training are recorded in a journal. The recommended form for recording the emergency training carried out is given in these Recommendations.

When conducting combined training, in addition, the results are recorded in the fire training log. The log form for recording fire drills is given in these Recommendations.

VII. DEVELOPMENT OF EVENTS BASED ON TRAINING RESULTS

89. Based on the results of the training, measures are developed aimed at preventing mistakes made by personnel. Activities developed based on the results of training are entered into the emergency training log. In this case, the training leader must familiarize the heads of the relevant departments with the activities recorded in the log. Management personnel are obliged to take measures to implement these activities.

90. The training leader must familiarize the personnel participating in the training with the program and journal entries after the training. Personnel suggestions are communicated to the head of the training or structural unit.

ANNEX 1

Distribution by month

September

Network-wide

Chief Engineer

Control room

Senior dispatcher

EXAMPLE
programs for organizing and conducting emergency training on the topic:

Damage to the line disconnector onI section of closed switchgear-10kV substation. "New"

1. Date, time and place of the event

03/18/2004 10-30, p/st. “New” indoor switchgear-10kV input T-1

2. Conditional time of occurrence of the accident 10-30

3. Method of training: according to a scheme with conditional actions and on equipment

4. Training leader: Voronkov V.S., head of the ODS

5. Training participants and facilitators

Workplace	FULL NAME. participant	FULL NAME. intermediary
Head of the network district	Orlov V.I.	Kutov V A.
Dispatcher	Kudra E.V.	Lebedev S.S.
	Ushakov SP.	Spiridonov B.S.
	Stepanov V.I.
Electrician	Filimonov A.I.
Electrician	Remizov E.P.
Electrician-driver	Mityakov B.S.
Electrician-driver	Beketov V.A.
Mobile laboratory engineer (ETL)	Yuskov A.M.

6. Procedure for using communication:

orally, via the city telephone network, by mobile phone, by radio with a signal (call sign) at the beginning of the conversation - “training”

7. Arrangement of intermediaries, checking the readiness of vehicles, repair and testing equipment, instruments, protective equipment and personnel - are carried out before the start of training; the start of the training is announced by radio, introductions are given verbally or using training posters (the list of training posters is presented below)

8. Purpose (objectives) of the training: practicing the actions of operational, operational and repair personnel during the liquidation of an emergency situation.

9. Operating mode of the equipment before the accident occurred: according to the normal power supply scheme.

10. Causes of the accident, its development and consequences:

At 10:30 a.m. The voltage has gone out on section I of the closed switchgear-10kV substation. "New". The cause of the accident was an insulation failure on the T-1 input line disconnector due to increased dampness in the indoor switchgear associated with poor ventilation of the room.

Due to the blocking of the linear input disconnector T-1, the differential protection T-1 was triggered. Since AVR-10 kV at substation. “Novaya” was taken out of operation, section I of the 10 kV indoor switchgear remained without voltage.

11. Introductory training for participants:

Introductory time	Workplace	Introductory (orally or in the form of a poster)
10 o'clock 30 min	ODS dispatcher	The voltage has gone out on section I of ZRU-10 substations. "New"
10 hours 45 minutes	Head of the network district	Covering the linear input disconnector, T-1 p/st. "New". Name the possible causes of the accident
10 hours 55 minutes		Name the possible consequences of an accident associated with the failure of equipment adjacent to the source
11:00 am	ODS dispatcher	Emergency section disabled
11 o'clock 10 min	Head of the network district	A permit for work has been prepared
11 o'clock 15 minutes	Electrician OVB	Switching form prepared
11 hours 20 minutes	Head of the network district	A team of operational and repair personnel has been prepared
11 hours 25 minutes	ODS dispatcher	Prepared workplace
15 hours 45 minutes	Master Engineer ETL	Work completed, grounding, posters removed, fences removed
16:00	ODS dispatcher	People have been taken out. The task force is closed. The accident is liquidated.
16:05	Dispatcher Head of network area	Voltage is applied to section I End of training

12. Procedure for eliminating an accident.

The head of the network district has prepared an approval order for replacing failed equipment, followed by testing it with high voltage, as well as an agreed work order for testing input cables with high voltage. Upon arrival at the station. “New” staff prepares the workplace in accordance with the work order and the “Instructions for operational switching of p/st. "New". Receives on-the-job training and is allowed to work. After which he begins work on repairing the equipment of the 10 kW-1 input cell. In parallel with the repair of primary equipment, the electrical laboratory staff checks the integrity of secondary circuits located in the immediate vicinity of the failed equipment, including current transformers. Upon completion of the repair of the linear disconnector and high-voltage testing of the equipment of the 10 kV water cell, the end seals of the input cables are inspected and, if their condition is satisfactory, high-voltage tests are carried out on the cable lines. To make sure that when operating on a close short circuit the power transformer does not fail, the direct current resistance of the windings of transformer T-1 is measured. At the end of the work, the personnel inspects the workplace, removes foreign objects, removes portable groundings, posters, and fences installed during the work, removes the team personnel from the work site and reports to the dispatcher about their readiness to put the T-1 into work.

13. Evaluation of the actions of the participants and the training as a whole. The evaluation of the actions of the ODS dispatcher and the head of the network area is carried out in accordance with the protocol.

The assessment of the actions of the personnel of the operational field and operational repair teams and the personnel of the electrical laboratory is carried out directly by intermediaries. The main criterion for assessing training as a whole is the correctness of the participants’ actions, assessed by the protocol method.

Familiarized yourself with the training program:

Training results:

Dispatcher's assessment -

Assessment of the head of the network district -

Master's assessment -

Mobile laboratory engineer assessment -

Electrician assessment -

Electrician-driver assessment -

Evaluation of the training as a whole -

Activities based on the results of the training:

Poster 1. Do not include working people

Poster 2. Grounded

Poster 3. Work here

Poster 4. Stop tension

Poster 5. The test is life-threatening

Network District Master Activity Map

	Reference solution and expected responses from the trainee	Control time	Mediator's comments	Gross mistakes of the trainee
	Using a voltage indicator, we check the presence of voltage on the equipment. You can visually determine the presence of melt deposits on the equipment. Using a megohmmeter we determine the state of equipment insulation
Name the signs of an electrical equipment failure and possible causes	Formation of carbon deposits and melting on equipment due to overlap and short circuit formation
Name the possible consequences of failure of other equipment located near the source of damage	Near the short circuit, failure of instrument transformers, secondary circuits, and power transformer windings is possible
Name the technical measures that ensure the safety of work during the permitting of the team	Disconnecting damaged equipment, installing a poster “Do not turn on people working”, checking the absence of voltage, applying grounding, installing posters “Grounded”, “Stay voltage”, “Test dangerous to life”. Installation of fences \|
Prepare the area for emergency work	Performs organizational and technical measures to ensure work safety. Instructs the team. Provides adequate illumination of the workplace
What is the list of work performed after equipment repair?	Removes foreign objects, removes installed grounding connections, posters, and fences. Removes personnel from the work site, closes the work order, reports to the dispatcher about the completion of work and the readiness of the equipment to turn on

Mediator

I am familiar with the assessment of training actions_________________

Poster No. 1

The training leader gives a general assessment of the fire training.

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2. Topics of emergency training

2.1. Emergency situations at a power plant due to disruptions in the operation of the power system

2.2. Emergency situations at the power plant due to disruptions in the operation of the electrical parts of the units and the power plant

2.3. Emergency situations at a power plant due to malfunctions of boiler equipment

2.4. Emergency situations at a power plant due to disruptions in the operation of turbine equipment

2.5. Emergency situations due to failures of control system elements

2.6. Emergency situations due to natural phenomena

SO 153-34.12.203 List of topics for emergency training of operating personnel of thermal power plants

LIST OF TOPICS EMERGENCY TRAINING OF OPERATING PERSONNEL OF TPP

1. General Provisions

2. Topics of emergency training

2.1. Emergency situations at a power plant due to disruptions in the operation of the power system

2.2. Emergency situations at the power plant due to disruptions in the operation of the electrical parts of the units and the power plant

2.4. Emergency situations at a power plant due to disruptions in the operation of turbine equipment

2.5. Emergency situations due to failures of control system elements

2.6. Emergency situations due to natural phenomena

II. CLASSIFICATION OF TRAININGS

Table 1

Training according to schemes

Training with conditional actions of personnel

Training with control actions on switching devices, fittings and motor switches on idle equipment

Training using technical training tools

Combined workouts

Fire drills

VI. TRAINING REVIEW

ANNEX 1

Scheme of the training ground for conducting training sessions with simulating emergency situations in heating networks

APPENDIX 2

FORM annual schedule of emergency training

APPENDIX 3

MAGAZINE accounting for personnel undergoing emergency training

APPENDIX 4

Map of the activity of the master of fire safety

APPENDIX 6

MAGAZINE recording of completed emergency training

APPENDIX 7

MAGAZINE accounting of conducted fire drills

GUIDELINES on preparation and conduct of emergency training for personnel of electric power organizations of housing and communal services

I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

II. CLASSIFICATION OF TRAININGS

III. FREQUENCY OF TRAININGS

IV. TRAINING PREPARATION EVENTS

Table 1

V. TRAINING METHODOLOGY

Training according to schemes

Training with conditional actions of personnel

Training with control actions on switching devices, relay protection and automation, equipment and motor switches on idle equipment

Training using technical personnel training tools

Combined workouts

Fire drills

VI. TRAINING REVIEW

VII. DEVELOPMENT OF EVENTS BASED ON TRAINING RESULTS

ANNEX 1

EXAMPLE programs for organizing and conducting emergency training on the topic:

Damage to the line disconnector onI section of closed switchgear-10kV substation. "New"

Network District Master Activity Map

LIST OF TOPICS
EMERGENCY TRAINING OF OPERATING PERSONNEL OF TPP

FORM
annual schedule of emergency training

MAGAZINE
accounting for personnel undergoing emergency training

MAGAZINE
recording of completed emergency training

MAGAZINE
accounting of conducted fire drills

GUIDELINES
on preparation and conduct of emergency training for personnel of electric power organizations of housing and communal services

EXAMPLE
programs for organizing and conducting emergency training on the topic: