Primroses are surprisingly charismatic perennials. Small, compact bushes, it would seem, have absorbed the brightest colors of nature. Abundantly blooming colorful pillows in a bright green wreath of leathery leaves transform even the most modest shady flower beds into a delightful carpet of flowers.
Primroses surprise, first of all, with the brightness of their color - white, yellow, pink, red, bright purple, lilac, or so motley incongruous that the eyes simply run up. By planting different types and varieties of primroses next to each other, you can get an incomparable meadow of luxurious color.
Types and varieties
With all the variety of primrose varieties, it is customary to cultivate a little more than fifty species in flower beds and gardens. According to the shape, height and arrangement of bright colors, it is customary to divide them into separate groups.
- Cushion primroses Are wonderful compact low-growing plants that usually bloom from March. The leaves of these hybrids are collected in a lush, beautiful rosette, but it is very difficult to appreciate their bright green beauty, because numerous flowers, collected in compact bouquets resembling pillows, almost completely hide them. The most original flowers in this group are Julia's primroses, whose flowers have more cut petals than other primroses.
- Candelabra primroses are famous for their multilevel inflorescences, and are sometimes called simply - rich primroses. The flowers of plants of this group are located, as it were, on different tiers, rising upward. The color of such primroses is very diverse - from white and yellow to dark purple. The flowers are usually monochromatic.
- Ball primroses are perhaps the most original plants of this species. Flowers of capitate primroses are collected in globular inflorescences, towering on a thin peduncle above a rosette of leaves.
- Umbrella or tall primroses Are classic plants that bloom in mid-spring. Their flowers are more scattered in the inflorescences, they are not so compact on the pedicel and the bush itself is more open.
Growing features
Primroses are very shade-loving, they do not tolerate bright sun and bloom optimally in cool partial shade. It is advisable to choose a nutritious soil for planting, enriched with trace elements necessary for their growth, drained and humified.
Some primroses prefer a slightly calcareous soil. Do not plant primroses in dry, rocky soil. Primroses do not tolerate drying out of the soil, so they need to ensure regular watering.
Use in garden design
Primroses can be used both in open areas, in gardens, flower beds and even in curbs, as well as for planting on terraces, balconies, containers, mini-beds and flower pots.
- They are usually planted in flower beds and in flower beds in large groups, planting the plants as tightly as possible to each other.
- In gardens, primroses are used to form curbs. Being in the shade of fruit trees, they thrive in compact groups. One of the advantages of primrose as a curb plant is that it belongs to unpretentious perennials.
- Growing in separate containers, containers or flower pots, evening primroses bloom even better than growing outdoors. True, growing them in such conditions is troublesome, because watering must be carefully monitored. Plants die as soon as the soil dries up.
Compatibility with other colors
Primroses are excellent partners for all bright colors, who like shady places like them. In addition, they go well with shade and moisture-loving deciduous plants.
On the flower beds next to the primroses, contrasting colors or lighter astilbe and forget-me-not flowers look almost perfect.
For particularly shady corners of the garden, another arrangement is perfect: plant bright white and pink primroses next to ferns, host, or other large-leaved ornamental plants.
The genus Primula (Primula) includes about 500 species and belongs to the family of primroses (Primulaceae)... Most varieties of wild primrose can be found in temperate latitudes. They gladly occupy meadow spaces and river banks. The rocky terrain is also suitable for primroses; more than 200 species of them live in the Himalayas.
The name of the genus comes from the word primus - in Latin the first. The vast majority of species are herbaceous perennials, and only a few representatives are subshrubs and evergreens. The cultural form of primrose has been mentioned for a long time, even in the Middle Ages it was widely used to decorate gardens. Some varieties (for example, P. vulgaris) have gained recognition in the culinary business.
Primrose in floriculture
Any garden can boast of places where nothing grows normally. Such plots seem to be made for primroses. Having picked up varieties that are undemanding to the conditions, it is easy to refine problem areas. The most decorative among the unpretentious primroses are the following types: tall, Japanese, fine-toothed, ear. Primroses bloom from April to June, some varieties bloom throughout the summer season.
Primroses are simply irreplaceable for shady and boggy gardens. They are amazingly hardy, unpretentious, look spectacular both in single and in group plantings.
These perennials have found application not only in gardens, they are widely used to decorate city parks and squares, as well as to equip local areas.
Main varieties
Perennial primroses are very diverse, consider the most common of them.
1. Ear. They appeared as a result of crossing two other primroses: P. Hirsuta and P. Auricula. They are distinguished by shiny leathery evergreen leaves, above which an umbrella of beautiful flattened flowers rises. Three groups are distinguished among them:
- alpine;
Alpine
- decorative;
Decorative
- curbs.
Curb
2.Candelabra. Tall, multi-tiered, up to 1m in height. The name of these primroses perfectly reflects their appearance. They prefer damp, shady places; for the winter, many of them require shelter. The most famous are:
- japanese(P. japonica), one of those rare primroses that prefer the sun, height 45-50 cm.
Japanese
- Bulley
- P. pulverulenta... Differs in white bloom on the leaves.
- , are distinguished by self-seeding, have bright juicy colors.
3... Fine-toothed (Denticulata)... A low (about 30cm) Asian variety that tolerates Russian frosts well. The multi-colored flowers are collected in round inflorescences, crowning absolutely bare peduncles.
Plant propagation methods
Reproduction of garden primrose is carried out both by seeds and by dividing the bush. Seeds are sown in boxes at the end of February, wrapped in foil and placed in a cold place. At the end of March, the containers are transferred to heat and await germination. Young seedlings should be protected from the sun. In the ground, seedlings are planted with the appearance of two true leaves after 15-20 cm between the bushes.
Primrose seeds do not germinate well, so only a fresh crop of seeds is suitable for sowing.
The first flowers grown from primrose seeds will appear only after 1-2 years. H To get early flowering, it is better to propagate primroses by dividing the bush. How it happens, you can find out from this article.
Landing features
Planting primrose is not difficult. She does not like bright sun and dry places. Florists are often interested in the question of when to plant a bush. Usually, after three years, the primrose grows strongly and loses its decorative properties: the inflorescences become small and lose their former splendor. The transplant is carried out in early spring or in the second half of August by dividing the bush.
If you choose a cool day and evening for work, then planting and transplanting primroses can be done during the entire vegetative period.
Care
Primroses do not need special care if certain conditions are met. They love partial shade and thrive on fertile soils of weak acidity or neutral. In autumn, you should not cut off the leaves - with them, the plants tolerate wintering more easily, and evergreen varieties are perfectly preserved under the snow. In the spring, with the appearance of young shoots, old leaves can be carefully trimmed.
Watering
In bright sunny places, primroses survive only in conditions of constant humidity. Even a short-term drying out of the soil can lead to a stop of flowering or the death of plants.
To retain moisture at the roots, leaf humus is added to the soil during planting. In this case, liquid stagnation is also undesirable. When watering plants, care must be taken that moisture does not get on the leaves. The least picky about soil moisture is the akaulis variety, and the most sensitive in this regard are candelabra primroses.
Fertilizer
Heavy clay soils are not suitable for growing primroses, they are diluted with sand - one bucket per sq / m. Also, vermiculite, chopped sphagnum moss and complex organic fertilizers (up to 20 kg per sq / m.) Are well suited for these purposes. If desired, the nutrient mixture can completely replace the topsoil.
Organic fertilizer for the garden
In light poor soils, organic fertilizers of 15-20 kg per sq / m must be applied (5 kg of humus, 10 kg of leaf or compost soil, 5 kg of weathered peat). For abundant flowering, you can add 20 g of potash and phosphorus and 15 g of nitrogen fertilizers. After such treatment, the soil will become sufficiently nutritious and retain the necessary moisture. What a Wisteria flower looks like can be seen in the photo in this
Video
In more detail, the intricacies of caring for garden primrose are shown in the form below.
Disease and pest control
Primroses are quite hardy plants, but it cannot be said that they are not at all susceptible to disease. Most often, primroses are affected by the following diseases:
Downy mildew
On the outside of the leaves, yellow-brown spots with a blurry outline are formed, and the inside is covered with a spider web. The temperate climate and high humidity create ideal conditions for the spread of infection. To prevent downy mildew, it is necessary to systematically remove weeds.
If the disease has already appeared, then the heavily damaged plants are removed from the flower garden, and the leaves of healthy primroses are treated with copper oxychloride. Seed treatment and mandatory crop rotation are also practiced.
Gray rot
This disease affects not only the leaves of primroses, but also flowers. They are covered with a velvety gray coating. The disease arises and progresses in conditions of excess nitrogen and moisture in the soil. The infection remains in the affected areas of the plant and is carried by ants or water. To prevent the flower garden from becoming infected again, the affected parts are destroyed. And healthy flowers are periodically sprayed with a Bordeaux mixture or copper oxychloride. Places of the greatest accumulation of ants-carriers are watered with a solution of the drug "Anteater" - 1 ml per 10 liters of water.
Gray mold primrose
Powdery mildew
The outer side of the leaves is covered with a creamy white bloom, which is mycelium and spores. Gradually, the fruiting bodies of the mycelium are formed on the affected areas - black dots that can winter on plant debris. Against powdery mildew, flowers are sprayed with the drug "Cumulus" at the rate of 50-70 g per 10 liters of water. Alternatively, you can use a solution of colloidal sulfur - 50-100 g per 10 liters of water. Severely damaged plants are removed from the flower garden.
Leaf damage with powdery mildew
Ramulariasis
The disease manifests itself in the form of yellowish even spots on the leaves, which then change color to brownish-gray. Below, under the spots, a light bloom of the mycelium is formed. Control methods: damaged areas of the leaves are removed, the purified plant is treated with oxychloride.
Damage to the plant by ramularia
Pests
The main harm to primroses is caused by snails and slugs. There are special baits to get rid of them, but they are poisonous to pets and birds. If you have pets, it is better to collect pests by hand.
Garden slug
In the southern latitudes, primroses are threatened by another pest - the furrowed beetle, a representative of the family of weevils. Sexually mature individuals feed on leaves and lay larvae that live in the root system of the plant. Over time, the infected primrose dies. Harsh chemicals are used to combat this pest.
Furrowed beetle
Cold hardiness, unpretentiousness and long flowering period make primrose indispensable for cool and humid climates. A wide variety of perennial primroses will allow you to choose the right variety for any corner of your garden. Primroses look spectacular in group plantings on lawns, in flower beds and garden vases, on rocky hills and in artificial reservoirs. Other shade-loving plants can become good neighbors for cultivated primroses: hosta, hydrangea, heuchera, badan, garden geranium, foxglove and other inhabitants of natural gardens.
As soon as the garden perennial primrose is not called among the people: lambs, and Easter flowers, and talismans of happiness, and keys. This plant has won the extreme love of flower growers for its species diversity, original colors, ease of reproduction and unpretentious care. In addition, new hybrids of perennial primrose flowers appear from year to year, which means that interest in these primroses will never dry out.
What perennial primroses look like
Primula, or primrose, is a flower from the Primroses family. It is a beautiful perennial plant that usually blooms in early spring. In nature, more than 500 species of primroses are known, common in Europe, America, Asia. They are found mainly in mountainous regions, forests, and also on the plains on moist, humus-rich soil. Some species - primrose Berengi, Darial, Julia, pocholistny - are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
On this page, you will find photos and descriptions of the most popular primroses and varieties.
Primroses attract flower growers with early, abundant and long flowering, a variety of colors and shapes, and a pleasant aroma. If you have different types of primroses in your collection, you can admire their bright flowering from early spring to mid-summer. Some species can bloom again in the fall. The advantages of primroses are also winter hardiness, comparative simplicity of culture, rapid reproduction (by seeds and vegetatively), decorative foliage until late autumn.
Spring primroses bloom almost immediately after the snow melts and bloom until the end of May, combining well with many bulbous and filling the pauses between them.
As you can see in the photo, perennial primroses can be used in any landscape style flower beds, ridges, borders, on alpine slides:
Group plantings form a bright, very picturesque carpet. Long-stemmed varieties are suitable for the first spring bouquets. Plants are suitable for decoration of containers, vases. If primroses are planted in pots in the fall, then in March they will bloom with you.
Primula is a low-growing rhizome plant with a height of 10-30 cm. Wrinkled leaves are collected in a basal rosette. Flowers are solitary or in inflorescences - umbellate, spherical, capitate.
Look at the photo, what primroses look like - the color of flowers can be very diverse, except for sky blue:
Many types of primroses have a strong, pleasant scent. Duration of flowering up to a month.
How to grow a perennial primrose: planting and care (with photo)
The most important condition for the successful cultivation of perennial garden primrose is the right choice of planting site. They should be planted in semi-shaded or slightly shaded corners of the garden, but well ventilated. They can be placed under single trees, as well as under ornamental trees and shrubs with late blooming foliage.
In open, sunny places, primroses bloom as usual in early spring, but with the onset of summer, their leaves wither and dry out; by the fall, the plants become so weakened that the next year they die or do not bloom.
For planting and caring for primroses, the soil must be prepared moist, loose, fertile. It is recommended to add rotted manure or compost (2 buckets per 1 m2), full mineral fertilizer (150-200 g) and dig it to a depth of 30 cm. Add 1 bucket of river sand per 1 m2 to the loam. Primroses are stirred at a distance of 20-30 cm from each other, and large species at a distance of 40 cm.
How to care for primroses to ensure good flowering? Plants are watered depending on the weather so that the ground is constantly moderately moist. After watering, the soil is loosened and covered with mulch with a layer of 2-3 cm. Plants respond well to the introduction of bird droppings (1:20). In favorable conditions, primroses rarely get sick and are almost not affected.
Primroses are propagated by dividing overgrown plants and seeds. It is better to plant the delenki in early autumn, so that they have time to take root before the onset of cold weather. Three to four year olds are divided. The overgrown bush gives 4-6 divisions, which should have good roots and several leaves. In hot weather, the planted plants are watered daily for a week.
How to grow primrose from seeds? With seed propagation, wild primroses retain their characteristics. Garden hybrid plants are propagated vegetatively, since when sowing seeds, the properties of the variety are not inherited. The offspring can be very diverse, sometimes very beautiful.
Seeds are sown in late autumn to a depth of 0.5 cm in boxes or directly into the ground. Seeds can also be planted in open ground in spring. Seedlings in the stage of 2-3 true leaves dive first at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other in a shady place. Seedlings are very demanding on moisture and need regular watering. Grown plants are planted in a permanent place. They bloom in 2 years.
Here you can see photos of planting and caring for primroses grown from cuttings and seeds:
Types and varieties of primroses: photo and description
In the gardens, mainly hybrid primroses are cultivated, as well as some wild ones. The most common are the following.
Common primrose, or stemless , occurs naturally in the Crimea and the Caucasus. Flowers up to 3 cm in diameter, on a very short stem, light yellow with a purple center. The leaves are rather large, light green. Abundant flowering from the end of April during the month.
As a result of hybridization, many varieties of primroses with lilac, dark blue flowers were obtained.
Spring primrose, or rams. Flowers up to 2 cm in diameter, bright yellow with an orange spot in the center, collected in an umbrella-shaped inflorescence on a stem up to 20 cm in height. It blooms for more than a month, from the end of April. They grow mainly hybrid forms with large and double flowers of the most varied colors.
Primula ear, or auricula , - one of the most beautiful species. It has been widely cultivated in European countries since the 16th century. In nature, it lives in alpine meadows in the mountains of Central and Southern Europe.
As you can see in the photo, the flowers of this perennial garden primrose are yellow, collected in an umbrella at the top of a strong arrow 20-25 cm high:
The leaves are dense, smooth, rounded, forming a beautiful rosette.
Varieties and natural hybrids are cultivated with flowers up to 3-4 cm in diameter, mainly two-colored with a wide variety of color combinations. The flowers are collected in an umbellate inflorescence on an arrow up to 20 cm high. It blooms in May-June for 20-25 days. The best location is partial shade; in the sun, flowering times are reduced. Auricles are planted in the foreground in rockeries, along the paths.
The natural hybrid of the auricula is pubescent primrose ... Fragrant flowers 1.5-4 cm in diameter have a variety of colors (from pure white to purple and brown).
Pay attention to the photo of this type of primrose - there are varieties both monochromatic and with a white, cream or yellow eye:
Flowers are collected in scutes on stems 10-20 cm high. Evergreen leaves with a light mealy bloom are very expressive, sometimes forming a light strip along the edges.
Fine-toothed primrose comes from the alpine meadows of the Himalayas. Numerous small flowers up to 1 cm in diameter are collected in a spherical inflorescence with a diameter of 6-7 cm. A strong peduncle 20-25 cm high after flowering stretches to 50-60 cm. A well-developed plant forms up to 5 peduncles. The color of the flowers is usually lilac, less often white, pink, reddish-purple or dark purple. Blooms from late April for 25-30 days. As the flowering proceeds, leaves grow back, reaching 20 cm. They are strongly wrinkled, finely toothed, on the underside they are covered with a thick yellowish bloom, which enhances the decorative effect. In summer, the small-toothed primrose bush resembles an exotic one.
Primrose high originally from Transcarpathia, southern and middle part of Western Europe. Flowers up to 2 cm in diameter, light yellow, with a darker spot in the center, are collected in an umbrella-shaped inflorescence on an arrow 20-30 cm high.
In the photo of this variety of primrose, it is visible that the leaves of the plant are oblong-oval, wavy, toothed, hairy below:
It blooms from late April to early May for 30-35 days. There are numerous hybrids with a variety of flower colors.
Primula kartuzovidny found in Western and Eastern Siberia. Flowers up to 2.5 cm in diameter, pink, light purple, collected in 8-12 pieces in an umbellate inflorescence on a stem up to 30 cm high. Leaves are ovoid, toothed, slightly hairy, on long petioles, collected in a small rosette. Blooms in May, again in August-September.
Primula of Julia. Homeland - Caucasus. One of the most beautiful miniature species with a height of only 10 cm. In April, the plant is covered with a mass of pink-purple flowers up to 3 cm in diameter. Flowering continues until mid-May. The leaves are shiny, bright green. It grows rapidly, numerous creeping shoots soon form continuous soddy carpets. It is one of the few species that grows well in open areas if the soil is loamy and moist enough.
A beautiful garden plant, delighting with a variety of beautiful flowers, early flowering and unpretentious nature, is known as perennial primrose. Photos with detailed instructions for breeding primrose can be easily found on gardening sites. Aesthetic qualities combined with ease of maintenance make this flower increasingly popular with both housewives and landscape designers.
What does a perennial garden primrose look like?
Primrose is a beautiful perennial primroses
The primrose flower is a perennial herb belonging to the primroses genus. Under natural conditions, it grows in the north of Africa and Central Asia, in Europe, as well as in the Middle East. The plant has a powerful root system that makes up its underground part. The leaf rosette, located in the immediate vicinity of the rhizome, consists of simple or dissected, sessile or petiolate oblong-oval leaflets. There are varieties with a wrinkled or dense, leathery leaf blade of gray-green color. At first glance, it may even seem that the leaves are covered with a slight coating of wax. But the greatest decorative value is not the bright foliage, but the colorful primrose flowers. They are attached to delicate stems on elongated leafless peduncles. The arrangement can be single, but more often the flowers are collected in inflorescences of a pyramidal, spherical, umbrella-shaped or bell-shaped form. Tubular buds with a funnel-shaped or flat limb cover the bush abundantly, impressing with their beauty and variety of colors. At the end of flowering, fruits are formed on the plant in the form of a cylindrical or spherical polysperm.
Primrose perfectly adapts to environmental conditions and can be cultivated at home in Russia.
In addition to the garden, primroses grow wonderfully at home in pots.
Types and varieties of garden perennial primroses
The Primroses family (also found as Primrose) has more than half a thousand species, making it one of the most numerous in the world flora. It is interesting that species not described by scientists are found in nature to this day. A huge variety of different varieties allows gardeners to realize the most daring ideas and create amazing flower arrangements on their site. Naturally, before buying, you should familiarize yourself with the distinctive features of each species to make sure that you can create the necessary conditions for the flower. In addition, knowing all the necessary information, it will be much easier to choose a hybrid with the desired color, shape of inflorescences and color of leaves. Let's get started!
There is a huge variety of species and varieties of primroses.
Common primrose (stemless)
This species is distinguished by a short rhizome, consisting of thick, dense, cord-like roots. The leaves are lanceolate, up to 6 centimeters wide and 25 centimeters long. They can be partially preserved on the plant during wintering.
The common primrose has pale yellow or snow-white single flowers with a purple throat, which are located on short peduncles (6-15 cm). Dicotyledonous petals. During the flowering period, starting in March, the bush is densely covered with colorful buds, so the stemless primrose looks like a festive bouquet. The most popular varieties:
- virginia - snow-white buds with a yellowish pharynx;
- giga white - has white flowers;
- cerulea - rich flowers with a bright yellow throat.
It is an evergreen herbaceous perennial with thick, leathery leaves of a deep green color with a slightly toothed border. They are covered with a slight mealy bloom, can be oval or oblong. The flowers of auricular primrose are yellow and grow up to 2 centimeters in diameter. Note that gardeners value hybrid varieties of this type more, since they have excellent decorative properties. For example, there are varieties, the buds of which are painted in several bright colors at once (Jonathan), and also have an unusual pattern on the petals. As a rule, flowers form on delicate peduncles (10-25 cm), have a yellowish throat and are collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences.
Primula auricular or aurikola - has large bright rosettes of flowersIt is a natural hybrid, which is based on species such as auricular primrose and coarse-haired primrose. It is a fairly compact herbaceous perennial that grows up to 15 centimeters in height. Obovate leaves gather in a miniature basal rosette (2-8 cm), have finely toothed edges, and are also densely covered with tiny grayish villi. The leaf blade on the outside is painted green, and on the inside it has a fawn color, along the entire surface the leaves are covered with a mealy bloom. The flowers are located on erect, powerful, mealy stalks, the length of which varies from 5 to 15 centimeters. Inflorescences in the form of apical umbrellas consist of 15-20 flowers directed upward.
Flowering lasts from early May to June. The pubescent primrose is a frost-resistant plant that can withstand temperatures as low as -29 ° C.
The pubescent primrose is a hybrid of auricular and coarse primrose, which has a beautiful rosette with small villi on the petals along the edges.
The plant is a bushy perennial with large spherical inflorescences, which consist of a large number of snow-white, purple, burgundy or lilac flowers. In diameter, the inflorescence can grow up to 10 centimeters, and the diameter of the flowers is 0.5-2.5 centimeters. It is interesting that at the beginning of flowering oblong, lanceolate, wrinkled leaves of light green color are practically invisible, and the peduncle rises above the bush by only 2-3 centimeters. After several weeks, it grows, and the height of the inflorescences increases to 20-25 centimeters. Simultaneously with the peduncle, leaves grow, which can grow from 5-7 centimeters (at the beginning of flowering) to 20 centimeters. During the period of fruit ripening, the length of the peduncle varies from 30 to 50 centimeters, and the leaf blade increases to 30-40 centimeters. Note that the fine-toothed primrose blooms from April to mid-June. The stems and foliage of the plant are covered with a specific powdery coating, so experts do not recommend moisturizing them.
Small-toothed primrose has spherical inflorescences of small flowers on a peduncle, which grows as the plant grows
The Japanese primrose is a special variety, as it differs somewhat from its congeners. Firstly, it is characterized by a rather late flowering, which begins in June, rather than in April-May. Secondly, its inflorescences have an uncharacteristic shape for primroses, which breeders have dubbed candelabra. They are located on an elongated peduncle that can reach up to 40 centimeters in length. On it, colorful whorls begin to bloom in stages, which include 5-7 small buds. In adult primroses, there can be up to 6 tiers on the pedicel. It is interesting that when the upper inflorescences are just beginning to bloom, the lower ones are already forming and ripening seeds.
This species is a long-flowering species, since its flowering period is on average 30-40 days. This sets it apart from other varieties and determines such a wide popularity among gardeners. By the way, a powerful, long peduncle allows you to use Japanese primrose for cutting and forming bouquets.
Japanese primrose is a late candelabra primrose that begins to bloom in May, but gradually
Florinda primrose
It is a perennial herb that is distinguished by abundant flowering and extraordinary bell-shaped buds. Bright leaves are collected in dense rosettes, above which drooping rich yellow flowers, collected in neat inflorescences, rise on long pedicels. Naturally, a perennial needs a lot of effort to form buds, so experts recommend thinning it out annually. The bush should be cut so that no more than 3-4 powerful sockets remain on it. If you take proper care of the Florinda primrose, it will reward you with a long bloom that lasts from June to August. Also of note is the captivating scent of flowers spreading throughout the garden. Keep in mind that in winter, a delicate flower will need shelter to protect it from frost and gusts of wind.
Florinda primrose is a bell-shaped species of primrose that thrives on waterEarly flowering varieties are of particular interest to gardeners, one of which is Voronov's primrose. The plant is a fairly compact bush that grows up to 20 centimeters. It has egg-shaped basal leaves and delicate pinkish-purple flowers that form beautiful umbellate inflorescences. Flowering begins in April and lasts until mid-May. This graceful flower will be an excellent addition to other hybrids.
Having planted several varieties on the site, blooming at different times, you can enjoy the amazing flowering of primrose throughout the entire spring and summer period.
Primula Voronova - an early small variety of akaulis primrose species
Primrose small
This undersized variety will undoubtedly appeal to fans of miniature plants. It looks great both as a stand-alone plant and as an addition to floral arrangements from other varieties. Under natural conditions, the small primrose is found in rocky areas of Central and Southern Europe. The height of an adult bush is only 5-7 centimeters, and the width is 10-12 centimeters. The flowering period falls in mid-May to late June. Please note that the flower transplant should be carried out in a humus-rich, well-drained acidic soil, otherwise a small number of flowers will form on the bush.
Small primrose is a miniature primrose variety that most often grows in rocky areas.
Primula Julia is one of the most popular varieties cultivated in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Its main advantage is long and abundant flowering, which lasts from April to May. Even novice gardeners can grow and propagate this variety, because it is unpretentious, hardy and resistant to low temperatures. Its jagged leaves are colored deep green. Typically used as a ground cover or curb plant to drive out unsightly weeds.
Primula Julia is a small ground cover species of primroses from the Caucasus, which is unpretentious and blooms for a long timeIt is a herbaceous perennial with a short horizontal rhizome. Spring primrose has oblong wrinkled foliage of obovate shape. There are species with vaguely crenate or serrated leaves, forming a loose basal rosette, from the middle of which a bare peduncle emerges. Five-membered, dimorphic yellow flowers reach up to 15 millimeters in diameter. They droop slightly to one side, differ in ten-toothed calyx and form an umbrella-shaped inflorescence inclined to the side.
It is a long-blooming species, so you can enjoy bright colors from May to early July.
Spring primrose or veris is considered a medicinal plant, often used for decoctions and infusions
Primrose high
Perhaps the name speaks for itself: a tall primrose can grow up to 35 centimeters in height. It reaches this size thanks to its powerful root system, which is formed by many cord-like brown roots. The leaf blades are lanceolate or ovoid and covered with fine wrinkles. Often, the edges of the leaves of a plant are framed with small denticles, and their inner side is covered with grayish hairs. Small flowers (2-3 cm in diameter) are collected in lush umbellate brushes. The primrose is not only beautiful, but also fragrant, so plant some perennial bushes near the gazebo.
The main difference between tall primroses is long peduncles.
Rejected primrose (Siebold's primrose)
This herbaceous perennial is medium in size and can grow up to 25 centimeters in height. It has a thin, highly branching, long rhizome. Lanceolate-oval, serrated leaves are located on elongated petioles. Often there are hybrids, the leaf blade of which is densely covered with tiny villi. Peduncles with large flowers rise majestically above the green bush. Depending on the variety, the buds collected in umbrella-shaped inflorescences can be colored pink, purple or pale purple with a white throat. Flowering lasts from early May to June.
Siebold's primrose is a Japanese variety of scalloped primrosePrimrose pink is a spring perennial, enchanting with its incredible beauty and bright colors. The height of an adult plant is 30 centimeters. It has wrinkled leaves narrowed into a small petiole and long arrows (20-30 cm). The buds are bright pink and form umbellate inflorescences. Most often, this type is used to decorate lawns and curbs. For rapid growth and abundant flowering, the bush requires loose, fertile soil and a large amount of moisture, so it should be watered abundantly and fertilized into the soil.
Primrose pink is great for growing on an alpine slide
Primula Biss
The bush is formed by oblong obovate leaves, collected in rosettes. The leaf blade is narrowed towards the base, has a blunt apex and is covered with small denticles along the edges. The variety is distinguished by rather dense, rigid, long (up to 50 cm) peduncles, which are covered with a slight mealy bloom. They have bright candelabra inflorescences, consisting of 8-16 large flowers. They are collected in whorls and form 2 to 8 tiers on the peduncle. The opened bud reaches 2 centimeters in diameter. Depending on the variety you choose, the buds can be pink, raspberry or carmine in color.
Primula Byssa is a candelabra species of primrose
As a rule, the presented variety is grown as a biennial, but a long-term cultivation option is also possible. Beautiful, long (up to 40 cm) leaves have an uneven jagged border and fall off for the winter. Inflorescences are located on high (up to 50 cm) peduncles in 5-7 tiers. Flowers can be yellow-orange or orange, blooming from June to July. Bulley's primrose looks great by ponds and streams, and is also good for creating flower arrangements.
When placing a plant in open ground, you should take care of a reliable winter shelter, since the flower does not tolerate low temperatures well.
Bulley's primrose is a candelabra primrose with a tiered arrangement of flowers.
One of the tallest species. Peduncles are quite thin, but despite this, they can reach up to 75 centimeters in length. Powerful, erect stems are covered with a slight mealy bloom. The leaves are oval or lanceolate and are collected in a dense rosette. The drooping buds are lush, multi-flowered umbellate apical inflorescences, located on the peduncle in several tiers. The funnel-shaped corolla is pale yellow or cream colored. The flowering period falls in May-June. The plant is able to withstand frosts down to -23 ° C, prefers to grow in wetlands or well-humid areas.
It is a compact bushy perennial that does not grow taller than 20 centimeters. The basal leaves converge into delicate rosettes, from which the flower-stalks rise majestically. Spatulate-lanceolate leaves can be entire or finely toothed. Foliage, stems and peduncles are covered with a whitish-yellow powdery coating. Flowers purple, pinkish-lilac or deep purple have a bright pharynx and gather in umbrella-shaped brushes.
The plant blooms from May to June, but with proper care, re-flowering is possible in early September.
Powdery primrose is a primrose with umbellate inflorescences and the presence of white or yellow bloom on the plants
This variety, as a rule, is cultivated in indoor conditions, placing a flowerpot with a bush on the windowsill or balcony (in summer) of the apartment. It is a herbaceous annual plant that grows up to half a meter. The leaves collected in a dense rosette are attached to dense petioles. The leaf blade can be oval or heart-shaped, as well as an unusual jagged border. Leafless pedicels rise above the bush, on which several whorls are located. Typically, the inflorescence consists of 10-20 small, fragrant flowers. The buds can be pink, red or snow-white, the throat is yellow. The plant will delight you with colorful flowers in the middle of winter, giving you a spring mood.
Soft-leaved primrose is usually suitable for growing at home.
It is a perennial with beautiful grayish-green toothed round-heart-shaped leaves covered with a pronounced powdery coating. Umbrella-shaped inflorescences of tiny yellow flowers are placed on high peduncles. As a rule, the length of the peduncle varies from 20 to 30 centimeters, and the diameter of the flower does not exceed 1 centimeter. The buds have a very delicate, pleasant aroma, so the plant is often placed near gazebos or at home.
Primrose cus is another type of primrose for growing indoorsChinese primrose
It is a herbaceous perennial. A bush placed in a garden usually grows up to 30 centimeters. It has petiolate leaves of a round-heart shape, collected in a powerful rosette and reaching 10-15 centimeters in length. The border of the leaf blade is serrated. Umbrella inflorescences are on high peduncles. The flowers are quite large (4 cm). There are varieties with snow-white, pink, red or orange buds, as well as wavy petals. The Chinese primrose will bloom annually only if, after each flowering, you artificially arrange a dormant stage for it.
The structure of Primula sinensis Primula sinensis is perfect both for growing in the garden and at home
The reverse conical primrose is native to China and is one of the tallest members of the family. An adult plant reaches a height of more than half a meter, has pubescent oval leaves with a heart-shaped base, located on elongated petioles. At the edges, the leaf blade is slightly wavy. At the root, the foliage gathers into several powerful outlets. Leafless flower stalks grow up to 25 centimeters, the inflorescences are umbrella-shaped. The color of the buds depends on the chosen hybrid. There are varieties with scarlet, blue, snow-white or pink flowers on the market.
Note that fragrant flowers can cause allergies in people susceptible to strong odors. In this case, we recommend giving preference to special hypoallergenic hybrids, bred by breeders specifically to prevent allergic reactions.
Reverse conical primrose has another name - Primula obconica
We have presented to your attention the most common types of primroses, but recently such hybrids as polyanthus primrose (polyanthus), terry, obkonika, acaulis, colossea, Elizabeth Killeley evening, jeans, Dutch and roseanne are gaining popularity. Of particular interest are the mix of varieties, which are a mixture of different species planted in one container.
How to care for primrose at home
Primrose breeding is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance. After reading the basic recommendations of experts on creating optimal conditions for a flower, you can grow a healthy plant and even propagate it.
Lighting
Perennial primrose is distinguished by a wide variety of varieties, allowing you to get aesthetic pleasure from the contemplation of beautiful flowers during the entire spring-autumn period. Almost all varieties suitable for growing in garden conditions are unpretentious, so a section of the garden where other plants do not want to grow may be suitable for primrose. When caring for a primrose, it should be remembered that this flower prefers diffused lighting, direct sunlight is harmful to it.
Planting a plant requires adherence to a number of simple rules. Primrose varieties that prefer direct sunlight are very few in number, so when choosing a place to grow these bright flowers, you should focus on shaded areas and partial shade flower beds.
Primroses are unpretentious to care for, but it is preferable to choose places with diffused lighting for them.
Temperature
In summer, the plant is best kept on an open balcony or in the garden. After the end of the flowering season and with the onset of cold weather, the home primrose becomes a full-fledged indoor flower. Primrose is great for outdoor cultivation as it prefers a cool temperature. For example, house flowers are best kept at 16-20 ° C, and during flowering, they are generally recommended to be transferred to the northern windowsill. Naturally, the plant will grow well at normal room temperature, but in this case, you should not hope for long flowering. Sometimes, primrose pots are even placed between the frames of old windows to ensure optimal conditions for it.
In the summer, indoor primroses are best taken out into the open air.
Humidity
The flower signals a lack of moisture by drying out the edges of the leaves. The atmosphere around the primrose should be humid, from time to time the leaves should be sprayed with warm and soft water.
Primrose - moisture-loving flowers
How to water primrose
During the dormant period, when the flower does not bloom, it is watered moderately, avoiding excess moisture that can destroy the roots of the primrose. During flowering, primrose requires abundant watering, so as soon as the soil on the surface of the flowerpot begins to dry out, moisten it with settled warm water. Watering should be carried out directly under the root, otherwise the delicate leaves may rot.
Top dressing
Home care implies the obligatory feeding of the plant. Most flower growers do not recommend feeding the plant with too rich fertilizer, it is better to dilute it strongly. It is preferable to apply the top dressing itself in a complex manner, starting from the moment the buds appear. It is not worth fertilizing the plant until the first signs of flowering, since it will refuse to bloom and will give all its strength to the leaf. During the period of active flowering, primrose should be fed every 14 days.
Bloom
As noted, primroses require a cool temperature, high humidity and abundant watering during flowering. Also, do not forget about top dressing, which will help somewhat prolong flowering and give the plant the necessary components for the formation of colorful buds.
How to speed up the flowering of primrose
To accelerate flowering and stimulate plant growth, it is sprayed with special agents. A 0.01% gibberellin solution is perfect. Such preparations should be used at the stage when primrose buds are just beginning to form.
You can speed up the flowering of primroses using a 0.01% gibberellin solution
Primrose care after flowering
After the flowering period, the plant should be cut off, the faded buds removed from the bush and the primrose should be prepared for wintering. It is recommended to reduce watering and moistening; feeding should be carried out no more than once a month.
How to prune a primrose
Pruning consists in removing the flower stalks with faded inflorescences. This procedure is carried out so that the primrose does not waste energy on the formation of seeds. Thus, you slightly extend flowering and stimulate the blooming of the following flowers. Also, don't forget to prune yellow and withered leaves.
How primrose reproduces
This vibrant and positive flower is not only easy to care for, but also provides gardeners with several breeding options:
- growing from seeds;
- plant cuttings;
- division of the bush.
Let's consider each of them in more detail.
How to grow primrose from seeds
Recently, the method of propagation of primrose seeds by seeds has become increasingly popular. Despite the fact that experts consider this method to be the most energy-consuming and laborious, many amateurs prefer it. Primroses grown from seeds surprise the owners with unexpected colors and a riot of colors, while the signs of the mother plant are not always preserved.
Before sowing primrose seeds, it is better to stratify them.
At home, primrose is grown from seeds in compliance with the same technologies that are used in the propagation of a garden flower:
- before planting in the soil, the seeds are kept in a cold place for several days (this procedure is called stratification);
- after aging, the seeds are planted in moist soil to a depth of 5 millimeters, primrose can also be sown in peat tablets;
- after the first shoots (after four to six weeks), the shoots are carefully observed, waiting for the first leaves to appear;
- the appearance of the first leaves serves as a signal to pick plants;
- grown seedlings are planted in several pieces in one pot.
Please note that primrose from seeds blooms only in the second or third year.
Dividing the bush
This method is considered the most popular among gardeners due to its simplicity and availability, especially since such a procedure should be carried out regularly anyway: young bushes must be separated from old ones so that the plants do not interfere with each other. The overgrown primrose is dug out of the ground, the roots are washed under running water and divided with a sharp knife. The separated plant is immediately planted in the ground and provided with daily watering.
Garden primrose reproduces well by dividing the bushCuttings
The grafting method is considered a little less popular. By the way, this method is more preferable for the primrose itself. Photos showing the grafting procedure can be easily found on the Web. When grafting, first of all, a small incision is made in the upper part of the root, which will provoke the growth of the buds. After the shoot grows up, it is transplanted into the soil and watered regularly.
Leafy cuttings
Leafy cuttings are also excellent for propagation. To do this, you should select several strong leaves, shorten them by one third, and then treat with a special stimulant for rooting. The resulting seedlings are planted in individual pots with a substrate, deepening the cutting by 2 centimeters. Until a couple of true leaves appear, the small primrose should be kept under a special shelter.
How to transplant primrose
If you have received this beautiful flower or purchased it from a flower shop, you will most likely need to transplant the plant. This is the only way you can be sure that the soil and pot sizes are perfect for your primrose. Also, the transplant is carried out at the end of the flowering period.
The soil
The primrose is known as a grateful flower, responsive to care. Experts say that the main requirement for care that ensures the comfort of the plant is maintaining the optimal level of moisture in the soil in which the perennial primrose grows. Planting a flower provides for a high-quality selection of soil mixtures.
Due to the weakness of the root system inherent in most primroses, the soil under these flowers should be loose and permeable, clean, free of weeds.
Pot selection and planting
If you live in a city and want to decorate your windowsill with a wonderful flower, a potted primrose is the best choice. It does not require a large flowerpot. It is enough that it is about twice the size of the bush. To begin with, fill the pot with drainage by one third, then pour into it a part of the substrate, consisting of a special soil mixture and sand. Remove the plant from the old pot, shake off the soil well and place in a new one, placing the root collar closer to the surface. Be very careful with the roots to avoid damaging them. Now you just have to water the primrose abundantly with purified water and fill up the soil to the required level. Make sure that no water gets on the delicate leaves, otherwise they can rot.
When indoor primrose grows, it is transplanted into a larger pot.
Landing in open ground
Experts recommend planting primroses in spring or autumn. The most suitable period will be from late May to early June. Choose a shaded place for the plant that is best protected from direct sunlight. Only alpine primrose hybrids can be planted in the sun. Before planting, you should thoroughly loosen and moisten the soil, apply complex fertilizers. You also need to take care of drainage to prevent stagnation of water in the ground. If the soil in your garden is excessively heavy and clayey, make it slightly lighter by adding a mixture of sand, manure, vermiculite and moss. The distance you need to adhere to when planting primrose depends largely on the variety you choose. For miniature hybrids, 10-15 centimeters will be sufficient, and tall species need twice as much space, so they are planted 20-30 centimeters apart. The planting should be quite dense, otherwise the flower arrangement will look unaesthetic. The introduction of complex fertilizers will help speed up the growth and increase the flowering time of the plant.
The grown seedlings are transplanted from pots into open groundPrimrose care after planting
After planting, primrose takes some time to root and adapt to a new place. During this period, seedlings need regular watering, loosening the soil and feeding. Do not forget to remove weekly weeds that interfere with the development of the flower's root system. In summer, irrigation is doubled, increasing the water consumption to 3 liters per 1m².
As a top dressing, it is recommended to use complex mineral fertilizers well diluted with water. The dosage indicated in the instructions is usually reduced by 1.5-2 times, and the feeding procedure is carried out weekly. Also, alternate between phosphorus and potash mixtures to make it easier for the perennial to recuperate after the lush buds form.
Diseases and pests of primrose
The most common cause of various diseases and pests is improper flower care. For example, yellowing leaves indicate insufficient air humidity or primrose content at excessively high temperatures, excessive watering or feeding. Too frequent and abundant watering often leads to the fact that the plant is affected by gray rot, which destroys the stems and the root system of the plant. Adjust the irrigation system, remove the wilted stems and transplant the primrose into a new substrate. As for pests, most often the primrose suffers from spider mites or aphids. Treatment with an insecticide for indoor plants will help get rid of them.
With improper care, primroses can be affected by gray rot.
Primrose is not only an excellent ornamental plant, but also a storehouse of medicinal substances. This is no secret, because it has long been used in folk medicine. For example, the benefits of decoctions and tinctures using primrose flowers and leaves have long been proven by scientists. On the basis of the plant, capsules, herbal tea and other preparations are made. Naturally, any remedy can be used only on the recommendation of the attending physician, who will indicate the required dosage and write down the exact dosage regimen. Primrose oil is the most widely used, as it has a number of beneficial properties. It is taken for female diseases and cycle disorders, diseases of the cardiovascular system, mental disorders, and even during pregnancy. The range of uses is quite wide, so primrose oil should be in every medicine cabinet. Note that the purchase of medicinal products should be carried out exclusively in a pharmacy, since a drug purchased in a supermarket or on the market may not meet quality standards and cause harm to the body. As for the manufacturers, the products of the Solgar and Ginokomfort company have a lot of good reviews.
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