09.09.2018 16:24
On September 9, 1991, the Supreme Council of Tajikistan at an extraordinary session proclaimed the state independence of the country. The Tajik SSR was renamed the Republic of Tajikistan and the country was declared an independent subject of international law
Tajikistan marks the 27th anniversary of the country's independence on Sunday.
On September 9, 1991, the Supreme Council of Tajikistan at an extraordinary session proclaimed the state independence of the country. On the same day, changes were made to the Declaration of Sovereignty, in particular, the effect of acts of the USSR on the territory of the country was excluded. The Tajik SSR was renamed the Republic of Tajikistan and the country was declared an independent subject of international law. Changes were also made to the Constitution.
After the proclamation of independence, a civil war began in Tajikistan - a confrontation between clans and regions, which grew into a war between supporters of the secular state and fundamentalist Islam. During the war years from 1992 to 1997, according to official data, 60 thousand people died, 250 thousand became refugees and more than a million became internally displaced persons.
On November 16, 1992, at the height of the war, in the north of the country in the city of Leninabad, now Khujand, the 16th session of the Supreme Council of Tajikistan was held. At the session, by a majority of votes (83%), the youngest deputy, 40-year-old Emomali Rakhmonov, was elected chairman of the council.
Only in 1997, the warring parties, mediated by Russia, signed the General Agreement on Peace in Tajikistan, which put an end to the civil confrontation.
“Residents of Tajikistan well remember how at the very beginning of gaining independence, as a result of intrigues, intrigues and secret actions of traitors to the nation and their foreign patrons and guardians, our dear country was subjected to a terrible deadly blow. from the political map of the world, and over the Tajik people, who have seen so much over a long history, there is a danger of new disintegration and disunity, "the congratulatory message of the President of the country Emomali Rahmon on the occasion of Independence Day says.
He notes that this is what prompted the healthy forces of society to unite around the legitimate government and choose the only correct path - the path of building a democratic, legal, secular state.
"But, fortunately, with the support of sane and patriotic citizens, and they turned out to be the majority, although incredible difficulties had to be overcome and a lot of time passed, it was possible to extinguish the flame of the protracted imposed fratricidal war, establish the long-awaited peace, prevent the dismemberment of the people and ensure national unity and Following this, state symbols were adopted and an opportunity arose to create favorable conditions for the further development of the state, raising the national idea to the level of state policy, "the message says.
The President expressed gratitude to the world community, which in difficult times supported the path chosen by Tajikistan to the development and construction of a civilized society.
The 27th anniversary of Tajikistan's independence will be celebrated on 9 September without a military parade or demonstration.
"The theatrical performance" Celebration of Independence "with the participation of more than 10 thousand people and a festive concert with the participation of the President of Tajikistan and members of the government will be held at the stadium" Navruzgokh "of the capital," the Dushanbe mayor's office said.
In the parks of culture and recreation in Dushanbe, mass festivities will take place, concert programs are planned, which will begin in the early morning of September 9.
64 holidays are celebrated in Tajikistan today. Some dates remain the same every year.
The most significant celebrations: Independence Day, which is celebrated on September 9, Navruz (March 21-22), the religious holidays Eid al-Adha and Ramadan, as well as the New Year celebrated, as in the whole world, on January 1. Tajiks rest on these holidays from two days to one week.
Victory Day, National Army Day, World Labor Day and National Language Day, as well as Knowledge Day, Teacher's Day and many others are celebrated no less solemnly.
Other holidays are not celebrated in all regions or are professional. For example, employees of a certain profession, who are honored on this day, rest, while the rest celebrate at their own discretion.
In accordance with the legislation of the country, everyone is marked by the raising of the State Flag of the Republic. In addition, on these days, social and political events can be held at the initiative of state authorities, as well as institutions regulating the labor and public spheres of life. Festive fireworks and military parades are held with the permission of the country's Ministry of Defense.
Holidays in Tajikistan - non-working days
| date | Name |
|---|---|
| 1st of January | New Year |
| February 23 | The armed forces |
| March 8 | Mother's Day (analogue to International Women's Day) |
| March 21 - March 24 | Holiday Navruz |
| 1st of May | International Day of Workers' Unity |
| May 9 | Victory Day of Nations in the Great Patriotic War from 1941 to 1945 |
| 27th of June | national unity |
| 9th of September | Country independence day |
| 2 October | Mehrgan is a national holiday |
| 5 october | State Language Day (Tajik) |
| 6 November | Constitution day |
| 24 november | National Flag Day Celebration |
| Date floating | Eid al Adha |
| Date floating | Eid al-Adha |
Muslim holidays
What holidays in Tajikistan do not have fixed dates? Religious celebrations, in particular, Uraza Bayram (Idi Ramazan), as well as Kurban Bayram (Idi Kurbon), while in other Muslim countries the order is the same. The dates of the celebrations change annually and are set by the Council of the Ulema of the country.
Go Ramadan
Eid al-Adha is a holiday of breaking the fast, it is with it that Great Lent (Ruza) ends in the sacred, which is mandatory for the entire adult population of the country. During Ruza, according to religious dogmas, it is best to understand and atone for the sins that a person has committed in a year. It is important to observe the absolute purity of the performance of religious rituals, and in everyday life a respectable Muslim must at this time be distinguished by the sinlessness of not only actions, but also thoughts.
Go Curbon
The most significant holiday in Tajikistan and for the entire Muslim world is sacrifice, which is celebrated for about four days. It is celebrated seventy days after the end of Ruza in the month of Ramadan. From a historical point of view, this is a biblical parable when Abraham (in the Muslim version Ibrahim) tried to sacrifice his own son Isaac (Ismail).
June 27 - Day of National Reconciliation
Every year on June 27, the country celebrates another national holiday of Tajikistan - the Day of Reconciliation. It was established in 1998 by presidential decree of Emomali Rahmon and is timed to coincide with the end of the civil war in the country, which lasted for 5 years.
Medical workers day
On August 18, the country celebrates the Day of the Medic, dedicated to the birthday of Avicenna, the Tajik-Persian doctor, scientist and philosopher. His real name is Abuali-ibn-Sino, and he lived during the period 980-1037. ad.
September 9 - Independence Day
At the beginning of September, the country widely celebrates the most important state holiday of Tajikistan - the Independence Day of its republic.
Constitution day
On November 6, 1994, the country's Constitution was adopted at a referendum. From that moment, in early November, every year, Tajiks celebrate this important state holiday for the country.
President's Day
The President's Day is celebrated in the Republic on November 16. In 1994, the first President of the Republic, People's Choice Emomali Rahmon took the oath of office. Since April 15, 2016, the holiday has acquired the status of an official holiday.
National holidays
When it comes to national holidays, it is always interesting and pleasant to take part in the culture of the nation. Tajiks celebrate them so cheerfully and incendiary that one involuntarily becomes infected with this atmosphere.
Snowdrop Festival
Whoever is the first of the children to find a snowdrop (in Tajik "boychechak") will be considered a real lucky one. Flowers are given to all women: mothers, sisters, teachers, and they symbolize a revived life, are symbols of beauty and youth. Ladies thank Allah for waiting for spring, children are treated to fruits, sweets and pastries.
Navruz
What is the most desirable holiday in Tajikistan today? It was and remains Navruz. During the period during the celebration of the "New Day" in the republic, days off are announced. Tajiks organize various entertainment events and games: wrestling of strong men, songs, horse races, wide festivities.
The first mention of the holiday was recorded in the sacred book of Zoroastrianism - the Avesta, but you can learn more about it from Omar Khayyam in his "Book of Navruz". It tells about the legendary Jamshed, the ruler of the Persians, whose golden throne was raised to the highest point of the Pamirs on the day of the vernal equinox, this marked his accession and the beginning of a new life.
The symbol of Navruz is the indispensable sumanak (sumalak). This is a dish made from sprouted wheat grains. Eight days before the holiday, women soak wheat grains, which should germinate in a week. It was believed that the more they germinated, the better the harvest would be.
When the grains germinate, they are pounded in a mortar, then put in a kettle with flour, poured with water and cooked for about 12 hours, accompanied by continuous stirring.
Usually, before sunrise on the day of the holiday, sumanak is ready. This is not just a dish, it is a kind of shrine, therefore, before starting to cook it, the elder reads a surah from the Koran - "Ichlos", which is intended to bless the food. This dish should be distributed to all friends, neighbors, relatives, and relatives. Interestingly, it is sweet and reminiscent of liquid chocolate, although no sugar is put into it at all.
Before trying it, make three wishes, and they will definitely come true this year.
Tulip festival
Tulips bloom in mountainous areas at the end of spring. By the time the celebration of tulips is a national holiday in Tajikistan, dedicated to the flower, it is celebrated together with the first harvest, it is called "Sairi lola", and many dishes from the gifts of nature appear on the table. The festive table is decorated with delicious samsa stuffed with young herbs, flat cakes and, of course, fragrant pilaf.
The main action of the holiday is the competition of wrestlers - palvons in a kind of Tajik sambo - gushtingiri. This skill is traditionally inherited.
On this day in 1991, at the extraordinary session of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Tajikistan of the 12th convocation, the Statement on the State Independence of the Republic of Tajikistan was adopted. The statement served as the basis for the adoption of the resolution of the Supreme Council of the republic "On the proclamation of the state independence of the Republic of Tajikistan".
The beginning of the modern stage in the history of Tajikistan is associated with the disintegration of the USSR, the disruption of the balance of power that developed in the republic during the Soviet era. The first signs of a crisis in power were the speeches of secular national democrats from the Rastokhez (Revival) movement in Dushanbe in February 1990.
On August 24, 1990, in the midst of political confrontations, at the second meeting of the Supreme Council of the republic of the 12th convocation, the Declaration on the Sovereignty of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted.
The declaration proclaimed the Tajik SSR as a sovereign multinational state. The state sovereignty of the Tajik SSR, it said, is expressed in the unity and supremacy of state power throughout the Tajik SSR and independence in foreign relations. It was proclaimed that the Tajik SSR on its territory independently resolves all political, economic, social and cultural issues, except for those issues that Tajikistan voluntarily transfers to the competence of the USSR.
The republic retained the right to freely secede from the USSR in the manner established by the union treaty and legislation based on it.
After the announcement on August 19, 1991 of the creation of the State Emergency Committee, the leadership of the republic took a wait-and-see attitude. On August 22, after the failure of the coup, in his address to the people of Tajikistan, President Kakhhor Makhkamov once again reiterated his position: “The critical political situation in the country requires deep balance and foresight of judgment, endurance and, once again, endurance ... We still consider it necessary and important both for the people of the country and for the entire world community is the preservation of the USSR and we are in favor of the soonest signing of the Union Treaty ... ".
On September 9, 1991, the Supreme Council of Tajikistan at an extraordinary session proclaimed the state independence of the Republic of Tajikistan.
The Declaration of State Independence reads: “Taking into account the revolutionary transformations in the USSR and respecting the aspiration of the sovereign republics included in it to build relations with each other in a new way, ... in accordance with the Declaration on the Sovereignty of the Republic of Tajikistan adopted on August 24, 1990. independence of the Republic of Tajikistan ".
On the same day, some changes were made to the Declaration of Sovereignty, mainly strengthening the features of sovereignty and independence in the status of the republic: in particular, the effect of acts of the USSR Union on the territory of the Tajik SSR was excluded; the republic has been declared an independent subject of international law; The Tajik SSR was renamed the Republic of Tajikistan.
Also, amendments and additions were made to the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, as a result of which the recognition of the independence of Tajikistan became a constitutional norm and from a legal point of view is irreversible.
However, even after the proclamation of independence, Tajikistan in 1991 could not imagine its existence outside the framework of the Union. Representatives of official Dushanbe took part in the negotiations on the creation of a confederal union in the USSR until the end.
Tajikistan had to pay for its independence at an extremely high price. Almost even before the declaration of independence, a civil war broke out in the country between representatives of various regions and clans, which very quickly acquired the character of a confrontation between supporters of secular and fundamentalist Tajikistan. The final peace agreement between representatives of the warring parties was signed only in 1997.
In Tajikistan, on the occasion of the Independence Day, at the initiative of state bodies, public organizations and labor collectives, events of a socio-political nature are held.
On the 25th anniversary of the independence of the Republic of Tajikistan, a festive procession of citizens and a military parade will be held in the country's capital, Dushanbe.
President of the republic Emomali Rahmon will congratulate the citizens of the country. The guests of the capital will be shown a specially prepared theatrical performance, which will end with a festive fireworks display.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources
September 9, 2016 marks the 25th anniversary of the adoption at the session of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Tatarstan of the Statement and Resolution “On the State Independence of the Republic of Tajikistan”.
"AP" recalls the events that have left their mark on the modern history of the country.
Confession
On September 9, 1991, at the session of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Tajikistan, a Statement and Resolution “On the State Independence of the Republic of Tajikistan” were adopted. In honor of this historic event, September 9 was declared a public holiday in the republic - the Independence Day of the Republic of Tajikistan.
On February 26, 1992, our country was admitted to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).
On March 2, 1992, another important event took place in the history of the republic - Tajikistan became a member of the United Nations (UN) member states.
Civil War
Still not enjoying the fruits of freedom, just a year after gaining independence, the inhabitants of the country were plunged into the abyss of civil confrontation. May 5, 1992 - June 27, 1997 - the years of the civil war.
The damage caused to the national economy of the republic during the war amounted to more than $ 10 billion. But the main losses are human. For more than 5 years of confrontation, according to various estimates, from 100 to 120 thousand residents of Tajikistan died, thousands of people were injured, hundreds of thousands were forced to leave their homes and flee the country.
November 16 - December 2, 1992, the XVI session of the Shuroi Oli (Supreme Council) of the Republic of Tajikistan was held in the city of Khujand, at which Rakhmon Nabiev resigned from the post of President of the Republic of Tajikistan, on November 19, 1992, the chairman of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Tajikistan (actually the head of the republic) Emomali Rahmon was elected. Despite the decision of the XVI session to end the armed confrontation, hostilities in the republic continued until June 27, 1997. On this day in Moscow, the President of the Republic of Tatarstan Emomali Rahmon and the head of the United Tajik Opposition (UTO) Said Abdullo Nuri signed the General Agreement on Peace and National Accord in Tajikistan.
The final agreement was signed after 8 rounds of negotiations between the government of the Republic of Tajikistan and the UTO (1994-1997). June 27 was declared a public holiday in the republic - National Unity Day.
The best of the best…
Over the years of independence, hundreds of large social and cultural facilities have been built in Tajikistan.
Since the 2000s, Dushanbe has turned into one large construction site, where dozens of objects have been built and continue to be built, including those that have no analogues not only in Central Asia, but also in the world as a whole.
Here is a partial list:
One of the tallest flagpoles in the world (165 meters);
The largest teahouse in the world is Kohi Navruz;
The National Library is the largest library in Central Asia;
- "Kasri Millat" - recognized as one of the most beautiful presidential palaces.
In addition, during this period, such large objects were built as the tallest skyscraper in the capital - Dushanbe Plaza (20 floors), the National Museum, a new building of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a column with the national emblem, and the new Bogi Poytakht park in the capital. The central park, which received the name of Rudaki, completely changed its appearance. Five-star hotels "Serena", "Hyatt Regency", "Sheraton" and others have been built.
Many large structures were built in Dangar, Gissar, Khujand.
Next year, it is planned to complete the construction of the largest National Theater in Central Asia and the largest mosque in the region.
Hydropower is a priority in the country's development
Over the years of independence, dozens of large hydropower facilities have been commissioned in Tajikistan. Among them are Sangtuda HPP - 1 and Sangtuda HPP - 2.
The construction of the Sangtuda HPP - 1 was carried out for 4 years - from 2005 to 2009. The first hydroelectric unit of the HPP began generating electricity in January 2008. On July 31, 2009, with the participation of the Presidents of Russia and Tajikistan - Dmitry Medvedev and Emomali Rahmon - the station was solemnly put into operation. The HPP has a capacity of 670 MW, making it the second largest hydropower plant in Tajikistan after the Nurek HPP.
The construction of the Sangtuda HPP - 2 officially began on February 20, 2006. Iran allocated $ 180 million for the construction of the facility, the share of the Tajik side amounted to $ 40 million. The first unit of the hydroelectric power station was launched on September 5, 2011 in the presence of the presidents of Tajikistan and Iran. According to the project, the production capacity of the first stage of Sangtuda-2 is 110 MW. In September 2014, the second unit with a capacity of 110 MW was launched.
In addition, many industrial enterprises were commissioned in the country, including in Dushanbe, Yavan, Gissar, Penjikent, Khujand, Vakhdat and other cities and regions of the republic.
Russian military base remains until 2042
The stay of the Russian military base in Tajikistan - the largest outside Russia - has been extended until 2042. This agreement was signed during the official visit of Russian President Vladimir Putin to Dushanbe in October 2012.
The term of the previous agreement on the 201st Russian military base, on which about 7 thousand servicemen are stationed, expired in 2014.
In practice, no rent is levied for the use of military installations. According to the agreement, the military base and members of their families will have a status similar to the status of the administrative and technical personnel of diplomatic missions.
In response, Moscow promised Tajikistan to increase the duration of a one-time stay of Tajik labor migrants in the Russian Federation to three years. During his visit, Vladimir Putin also said that the Russian side will help Tajikistan to modernize its armed forces.
It was also decided to abolish export duties on oil products imported to Tajikistan from Russia.
The parties came to an agreement after long disputes.
Our frontier
The border issue remains the most important and problematic in Tajikistan.
The Tajik-Afghan border with a length of 1334 kilometers, with a large set of border problems and the epicenter of instability - Afghanistan, was guarded by Russian border guards until 2005.
In June 2005, the protection of the Tajik-Afghan border was completely transferred from the Russian border guards to the servicemen of the Committee for the Protection of the State Border of Tajikistan.
After the Russians left the border, Tajikistan proved that it itself is able to defend its borders, although armed sorties from the neighboring state continue to this day.
On January 11, 2014, a shootout took place between the border guards of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan on the territory of the village of Khojai Alo, Isfara region. This was one of the most serious armed conflicts between the two sides in recent years.
As a result of the conflict and the shootout, two Tajik border guards and three border guards of Kyrgyzstan were injured.
Until now, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan have not come to a consensus on the issue of border demarcation, which gives rise to occasional conflicts between residents and border guards of both sides, sometimes accompanied by bloodshed.
Tajikistan breaks communication deadlock
2006 - 2010 were remembered for the construction and commissioning of highways Dushanbe - Khujand - Chanak (Uzbekistan), Dushanbe - Jirgatal - Sary-Tash (Kyrgyzstan), road tunnels "Ozodi" (Sharshar), "Istiklol" (Anzob), "Shahristan "And" Chormagzak ".
These highways provided a year-round road connection between the northern and southern regions of Tajikistan with access to Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
The Istiklol and Shakhristan tunnels have shortened the route between Dushanbe and Khujand to 4.5-5 hours. Currently, the Shakhristan tunnel is the longest road tunnel in the CIS countries.
Road south
On August 24, 2016, President E. Rahmon took part in the inauguration of the new Dushanbe - Kurgan-Tyube - Kulyab railway.
With the opening of this road, a permanent railway connection is being established between Dushanbe and one of the largest regions of the country - Khatlon region.
The construction of the Dushanbe - Kurgan-Tyube - Kulyab railway began in March 2009. As part of the construction of this railway line, three tunnels with a total length of 3.7 thousand meters and eight modern bridges with a total length of almost 700 meters were built. 985 million somoni were spent on the construction of the railway, taking into account the construction of tunnels and bridges. Bridges and tunnels on this railway were built with a loan from the Chinese Eximbank in the amount of 72 million somoni.
Escape of the century
On August 23, 2010, 25 armed especially dangerous criminals, breaking the double cordon and killing several guards of the GKNB pre-trial detention center, were able to be released.
Among those who fled were 14 citizens of Tajikistan and 11 foreigners - citizens of Russia, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. Among them are such well-known persons as the brother of the former commander of the presidential guard Gaffor Mirzoyev, brother of the former commander of the presidential guard Gaffor Mirzoyev, one of the organizers of the "escape of the century", the former prisoner of Guantanamo Ibrohim Nasreddinov, two close relatives of the ex-head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations Mirzo Ziyoyev - Azamsho and Dzhonibek Ziyoyev. And also Zaydullo Azizov - the brother of the famous UTO field commander Negmat Azizov, who was killed during a special operation by government forces in 2009.
During the year, law enforcement and security agencies carried out a number of special operations, during which all the fugitives were detained or eliminated. Unfortunately, there were some casualties among the security forces.
A few days after the escape, the head of the State Committee for National Security Khairiddin Abdurakhimov and three of his deputies resigned.
The carnage in Kamarob
On September 19, 2010, in the Kamarob gorge of the Rasht region, an armed group fired at a convoy of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result of the attack, according to official figures, 25 servicemen were killed, and according to unofficial figures, at least 40.
On September 22, operational groups and military units of all power structures of the republic on the territory of the Rasht valley and other regions of the country launched a large-scale operation, and on the same day 5 militants were killed.
The former head of the Rasht ROBOP, Mirzokhudzha Akhmadov, who was on the run for some time, and 11 of his supporters voluntarily appeared at the Internal Affairs Directorate for the Rasht group of districts and joined the government forces. Later, according to some sources, he also assisted in the capture of Mullo Abdullo. During the special operation, 15 militants were killed, among whom Mullo Abdullo was also identified.
On January 4, 2011, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Tatarstan reported that Alovuddin Davlatov (Ali Bedaki) was killed near the regional center of Garm, who, together with former UTO commanders Mirzohudzha Akhmadov and Mullo Abdullo, were accused of attacking a military convoy. However, later a video appeared on the Internet in which Davlatov was interrogated by security officials.
Operation Khorog-2012
On the morning of July 24, 2012, law enforcement agencies of the Republic of Tatarstan, with the support of units of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Tatarstan, simultaneously launched an assault in several micro-districts of the city of Khorog - UPD, Verkhniy Khorog (Barkhorog) and Khlebozavod, where former field commanders, and now informal leaders of the region, Tolib Ayombekov (Khlebozavod), lived, Imomnazar Imomnazarov (UPD) and Mahmadbokir Mahmadbokirov (Barkhorog). In response, informal leaders and their supporters put up armed resistance. The exchange of fire lasted 16 hours. As a result of the hostilities, according to various sources, 18 soldiers and 23 civilians were killed.
The military operation in GBAO began after the murder on July 21, two kilometers from Khorog, of the head of the regional department of the State Committee for National Security, General Abdullo Nazarov.
After the start of the assault, on July 24, 2012, mobile, landline and Internet communications with Khorog were cut off. Communication with GBAO was restored on August 28, almost a month later.
In January 2013, the GBAO prosecutor announced that the investigation into the murder of General Nazarov had been completed and the case had been transferred to court. According to the results of the investigation, two residents of GBAO were accused of the general's murder: Okil Ayombekov, the brother of Tolib Ayombekov, and Khamza Murodov (Gulnazar). Both defendants surrendered to the authorities voluntarily in August 2012.
Ban of the IRPT
On September 29, 2015, the Supreme Court of Tajikistan ruled, according to which the Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan was declared extremist and terrorist, and its activities were prohibited on the territory of the country. By the same decision, the court banned the publication of the weekly "Najot", the IRPT's print organ, and blocked the party's website.
Authorities said the IRPT was linked to the group of former Tajik Deputy Defense Minister Abdukhalim Nazarzod, which was accused of attempting a military coup last September.
The General Prosecutor's Office and the Supreme Court of Tajikistan reported that 170 people were detained and convicted in connection with the armed mutiny. The trial of 13 members of the IRPT Supreme Political Council ended on June 2 of this year, the court sentenced two deputy leaders of the party Mukhiddin Kabiri - Saidumar Husaini and Mahmadali Khait - to life imprisonment, the rest received various terms of imprisonment - from 18 to 28 years. Kabiri himself has been put on the international wanted list.
Loading ...